Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte battery comprising: a battery case containing aluminum; a positive electrode terminal attached to the battery case; and a negative electrode terminal attached to the battery case and insulated from the battery case, wherein the positive electrode terminal and the battery case are connected through a resistor having resistance of 1? to 1 M?. Otherwise, A non-aqueous electrolyte battery comprising: a battery case containing iron; a negative electrode terminal attached to the battery case; and a positive electrode terminal attached to the battery case and insulated from the battery case, wherein the negative electrode terminal and the battery case are connected through a resistor having resistance of 1? to 1 M?.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a nonaqueous electrolyte. At least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode comprises a current collector made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and an active material layer laminated on the current collector. The active material layer contains first active material particles having an average particle diameter of 1 ?m or less and a lithium diffusion coefficient of 1×10?9 cm2/sec or less at 20° C., and second active material particles having an average particle diameter of 2 to 50 ?m. A true density of the second active material particles is larger by 0.01 to 2.5 g/cm3 than a true density of the first active material particles.

Abstract: Provided is an anode for use in electrochemical cells, wherein the anode active layer has a first layer comprising lithium metal and a multi-layer structure comprising single ion conducting layers and polymer layers in contact with the first layer comprising lithium metal or in contact with an intermediate protective layer, such as a temporary protective metal layer, on the surface of the lithium-containing first layer. Another aspect of the invention provides an anode active layer formed by the in-situ deposition of lithium vapor and a reactive gas. The anodes of the current invention are particularly useful in electrochemical cells comprising sulfur-containing cathode active materials, such as elemental sulfur.

Abstract: An electrolyte composition and catalyst ink, a solid electrolyte membrane formed by printing the electrolyte composition and catalyst ink, and a secondary battery including the solid electrolyte membrane. An electrolyte composition includes a solvent; a lithium salt dissolved in the solvent; and a cycloolefin-based monomer dissolved or dispersed in the solvent and a catalyst ink includes a catalyst that promotes the ring-opening and polymerization reactions of the cycloolefin monomers of the electrolyte composition.

Abstract: There is provided a non-aqueous electrolytic solution assuring good solubility of an electrolyte salt and having enough cell characteristics (charge and discharge cycle characteristic, discharge capacity, and the like), and the non-aqueous electrolytic solution comprises a solvent for dissolving an electrolyte salt comprising (A) at least one fluorine-containing solvent selected from the group consisting of fluorine-containing ethers and fluorine-containing carbonates, (B) a non-fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate and (C) a chain ester represented by the formula (C): R1COOR2, wherein R1 is an alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; R2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and (II) an electrolyte salt.

Abstract: An electrolytic solution for a lithium battery including a positive electrode having a nickel-cobalt-manganese based active material, the electrolytic solution including a nonaqueous organic solvent and a lithium salt, the nonaqueous organic solvent including ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, a lithium battery including the electrolytic solution, and a method of operating the lithium battery.

Abstract: A nonaqueous secondary battery having a positive electrode having a positive electrode mixture layer, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, in which the positive electrode contains, as an active material, a lithium-containing transition metal oxide containing a metal element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ti, Zr, Ge, Nb, Al and Sn, the positive electrode mixture layer has a density of 3.

Abstract: Bioanodes, biocathodes, and biofuel cells comprising an electron conductor, at least one anode enzyme or cathode enzyme, and an enzyme immobilization material. The anode enzyme is capable of reacting with a fuel fluid to produce an oxidized form of the fuel fluid, and capable of releasing electrons to the electron conductor. The cathode enzyme is capable of reacting with an oxidant to produce water, and capable of gaining electrons from the electron conductor. The enzyme immobilization material for both the anode enzyme and the cathode enzyme is capable of immobilizing and stabilizing the enzyme, and is permeable to the fuel fluid and/or the oxidant.

Abstract: A fuel cell system mounted in a vehicle includes a fuel cell stack, a coolant supply mechanism, and a fuel gas supply mechanism. The coolant supply mechanism includes a coolant supply pipe and a coolant discharge pipe, provided on a front side in a traveling direction of the vehicle, relative to the fuel cell stack. The fuel gas supply mechanism includes a fuel gas supply pipe, provided on a rear side in the traveling direction, relative to the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell; a cathode inflow water amount determining portion that determines a cathode inflow water amount after activation of the fuel cell; an obtaining portion that obtains a pore total volume of the cathode side catalyst layer; an operating condition determining portion that determines, based on the determined cathode inflow water amount and the obtained pore total volume, an operating condition of the fuel cell that includes a current value of current that flows through the fuel cell and an upper limit value of a period of time for which the current flows, for bringing the cathode inflow water amount within a range that is equal to or less than the pore total volume; and an adjusting portion that adjusts the current value and the period of time for which current of the current value flows, such that the determined operating condition is realized.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, a cathode supply passage, a cathode discharging passage, an anode supply passage, an anode discharging passage, a pair of cathode shutoff units, an anode shutoff unit, an anode discharging unit, a discharged gas processing unit, and a control unit. The control unit releases the sealing of the cathode passage by the pair of cathode shutoff units, at the time of start-up of the fuel cell system, and releases the sealing of the anode passage by the anode discharging unit, thereby performing a purge process to allow discharge of the anode gas.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, anode gas pressure adjusting means that adjusts the pressure of an anode gas supplied to the fuel cell, and cathode gas pressure adjusting means that adjusts the pressure of a cathode gas supplied to the fuel cell. The system further includes pressure control means that sets the pressure of the anode gas that is supplied when starting the fuel cell higher than the pressure of the anode gas that is supplied during power generation in the fuel cell, and controls the anode gas pressure adjusting means and the cathode gas pressure adjusting means so that a cathode gas pressure increase is started in accordance with the start of an anode gas pressure increase when the pressure of the anode gas is increased to the set pressure.

Abstract: A fuel cell system of the present invention includes: a fuel cell (11) configured to generate electric power using a fuel gas and an oxidizing gas; an anode off gas channel (34) through which an anode off gas discharged from an anode (2a) of the fuel cell (11) flows; a gas-liquid separator (10) disposed on the anode off gas channel (34) to separate moisture from the anode off gas, and including a water reservoir (18) configured to store the separated moisture as water; a temperature detector (28) configured to detect a temperature of the water reservoir (18); and an operation allowing device (52) configured not to allow an operation of the fuel cell system in a case where the temperature detected by the temperature detector (28) is equal to or higher than a first threshold that is higher than a standard ambient temperature.

Abstract: A fuel cell system is equipped with a fuel cell, a DC/DC converter that is electrically connected to the fuel cell, and a control unit that controls the supply of a fuel gas and an oxidizing gas to the fuel cell and issues a voltage command to and drives the DC/DC converter to perform high potential avoidance control of restraining an output voltage of the fuel cell from exceeding a high potential avoidance voltage lower than an open circuit voltage. The control unit continues to drive the DC/DC converter so as to perform the high potential avoidance control for a predetermined time after stopping supplying the fuel cell with hydrogen and air in response to the inputting of a system operation stop command.

Abstract: A pressure regulating valve has a first pressure deformation portion connected to and receiving a pressure on a fuel demand side, a second pressure deformation portion opposed to the first pressure deformation portion and receiving a predetermined pressure, first and second flow passages, and a communication passage communicating the first and second flow passages to each other. A valve member has a connecting portion connecting the first and second pressure deformation portions together, and has a valve element provided at the connecting portion and configured to close the communication passage when moved toward the second pressure deformation portion. When the pressure on the fuel demand side is lower than a predetermined value, the valve element does not close the communication passage, but when the pressure on the fuel demand side is equal to or higher than the predetermined value, the valve element closes the communication passage.

Abstract: A three-way diverter assembly with a contoured valve is provided. The three-way diverter assembly includes a housing having a first inlet, a second inlet, a first outlet, and a second outlet. The first inlet and the second inlet are adapted to receive a fluid. The contoured valve is disposed in the housing adjacent the first inlet. The contoured valve is rotatable about an axis from a first positional limit to a second positional limit, and to a plurality of positions therebetween. Fuel cell systems having the three-way diverter assembly for regulating temperature and humidity of a fuel cell stack are also provided.

Abstract: A coolant supply passage, a coolant discharge passage, and an air-releasing passage extend through first and second metal plates of a metal separator in a stacking direction of the first and second metal plates. The coolant supply passage and the coolant discharge passage are provided at vertically middle positions of opposite horizontal ends of the separator. A coolant flow field is connected between the coolant supply passage and the coolant discharge passage. The air-releasing passage for releasing air from the coolant flow field is formed above the coolant discharge passage. At least part of the air-releasing passage is positioned above the top of the coolant flow field.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes a plurality of unit cells, each having a membrane electrode assembly and a separator stacked with an intervening first sealing member and the unit cells being stacked on one another with an intervening second sealing member. The first sealing member is spread on and along a surface of the separator where at least a part of the first sealing member overlaps with the second sealing member in a direction in which the unit cells are stacked, and the thickness of the first sealing member is smaller in a region where it overlaps with the second sealing member than in a region where it does not overlap with the second sealing member.

Abstract: Ionic polymers are made from selected partially fluorinated dienes, in which the repeat units are cycloaliphatic. The polymers are formed into membranes.

Abstract: An electrolyte membrane (11) includes: a filler (20); and a polymer electrolyte (22). A thickness of the electrolyte membrane (11) is 1 micrometer to 500 micrometer, a moisture content thereof is 10 mass % or more, and a ratio of a swelling ratio in a membrane surface direction (xy) thereof and a swelling ratio in a membrane thickness direction (z) thereof satisfies following Expression 1: where Lambda z is the swelling ratio in the membrane thickness direction (z), and Lambda xy is the swelling ratio in the membrane surface direction (xy). ? ? ? xy ? ? ? z < 0.3 [ Math .

Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell provides a current collector adjacent to an electrode catalyst layer. Since electrons passing between the current collector and the electrode catalyst layer do not pass through a diffusion layer or a supporting layer, the diffusion layer or supporting layer may be non-conductive. Thus, various materials that are hydrophilic, hydrophobic, porous, hydrous, or the like can be used for the diffusion layer and the supporting layer, thereby improving the performance of the fuel cell. In addition, manufacturing costs of the membrane electrode assembly can be decreased since the membrane electrode assembly can be manufactured quickly with low energy.

Abstract: The present invention specifies the physical property valves of a catalytic layer correlating with the performance of a fuel cell, and provides the catalytic layer having the physical proper values and a fuel cell. Specifically, in a fuel cell having a membrane-electrode assembly provided with a catalytic layer 13 on each side of an electrolyte membrane 10, an electrode powder constituting the catalytic layer 13 shall have an amount of adsorbed water vapor in a range of 52 to 70 cm3(STP)/g by a value measured when the water-vapor partial pressure is 0.6, which is determined from the adsorption isotherm of water. The fuel cell having the catalytic layer with the use of the electrode powder having the amount of adsorbed water vapor in this range has the output performance of 0.6 A/cm2 or higher by current density at 0.6 V, in a less humidified condition and a more humidified condition.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte battery includes a negative electrode composed of a metallic lithium foil and a positive electrode, the negative electrode and the positive electrode being arranged so as to face each other with an ion-conducting medium therebetween. The positive electrode is formed by a method in which a conductive agent and a binder are mixed, and then the mixture is press-formed onto a current collector. The ion-conducting medium contains, in addition to a lithium salt such as lithium hexafluorophosphate, a halogen such as iodine, and a halogen compound (e.g., lithium iodide). Furthermore, the positive electrode may contain a lithium halide.

Abstract: Disclosed is a Ni—Al alloy anode for molten carbonate fuel cell made by in-situ sintering the Ni—Al alloy. Further, disclosed is a method for preparing the same comprising steps of preparing a sheet with Ni—Al alloy powders (S1); and installing the sheet in a fuel cell without any heat treatment for sintering the Ni—Al alloy in the sheet and then in-situ sintering the Ni—Al alloy in the sheet during a pretreatment process of the cell with the sheet (S2), wherein a reaction activity of the Ni—Al alloy anode can be maintained, the method is simple and economic, and a mass production of the Ni—Al alloy anode and a scale-up in the method are easy.

Abstract: A method for reducing the compression set of GDL during the fuel cell operation and a method for reducing the intrusion of the GDL into flow-field channels, both achieved by pre-compression preconditioning the GDL before placing it into the fuel cell. This preconditioning is performed in order to reduce the loss of compression during the life of the stack and the mal-distribution of reactant gases, and ultimately achieve the benefits of higher power output and more stable performance.

Abstract: A mechanism is provided for simultaneous optical proximity correction (OPC) and decomposition for double exposure lithography. The mechanism begins with two masks that are equal to each other and to the target. The mechanism simultaneously optimizes both masks to obtain a wafer image that both matches the target and is robust to process variations. The mechanism develops a lithographic cost function that optimizes for contour fidelity as well as robustness to variation. The mechanism minimizes the cost function using gradient descent. The gradient descent works on analytically evaluating the derivative of the cost function with respect to mask movement for both masks. It then moves the masks by a fraction of the derivative.

Abstract: The charge generation layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member is made to contain a specific amine compound in order to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can output images that are practically free from an image flaw or have less image flaws attributable to a ghost phenomenon under low temperature and low humidity environment and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, comprising an electroconductive substrate, an undercoat layer comprising a binder resin and metal oxide particles having a refractive index of at least 2.0 formed on the electroconductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer formed on the undercoat layer, wherein a ratio of a specular reflection of the undercoat layer calculated as a thickness of 2 ?m to a light having a wavelength of 480 nm, to the specular reflection of the electroconductive substrate to a light having a wavelength of 480 nm, is at least 50%.

Abstract: A method in which a resist layer is applied to a base layer is disclosed. The resist layer includes an adhesive material, and the adhesive force of the adhesive material decreases or increases during an irradiation process. Residues of the resist layer may be stripped using the disclosed method.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a photosensitive resin composition which comprises (A) a compound having a molecule with at least one thiirane ring and a total number of a thiirane ring and/or an epoxy ring of at least 2 in the molecule, and (B) a photo acid generator, said composition having a refractive index of at least 1.6, and a method of obtaining a high refractive index periodical structure which comprises subjecting the photosensitive resin composition to photolithography.

Abstract: A resist composition including a base material component (A) which exhibits changed solubility in an alkali developing solution under action of acid, and an acid generator component (B) which generates acid upon exposure, the acid generator component (B) including an acid generator (B1) consisting of a compound represented by general formula (b1-1) shown below: wherein RX represents a hydrocarbon group which may have a hetero atom; R1 represents a divalent linking group; Y1 represents an alkylene group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a fluorinated alkylene group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; n represents an integer of 1 to 3; and Z represents an organic cation (exclusive of an amine ion and a quaternary ammonium ion) having a valence of n.

Abstract: This invention provides methods of creating via or trench structures on a developer-soluble hardmask layer using a multiple exposure-development process. The hardmask layer is patterned while the imaging layer is developed. After the imaging layer is stripped using organic solvents, the same hardmask can be further patterned using subsequent exposure-development processes. Eventually, the pattern can be transferred to the substrate using an etching process.

Abstract: A resist composition including a base component (A) which exhibits changed solubility in an alkali developing solution under action of acid and an acid-generator component (B) including a compound represented by (b1-1), a compound represented by (b1-1?) and/or a compound represented by (b1-1?) (R1?-R3? represents an aryl group or an alkyl group, provided that at least one of R1?-R3? represents a substituted aryl group being substituted with a group represented by (b1-1-0), and two of R1?-R3? may be mutually bonded to form a ring with the sulfur atom; X represents a C3-C30 hydrocarbon group; Q1 represents a carbonyl group-containing divalent linking group; X10 represents a C1-C30 hydrocarbon group; Q3 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group; Y10 represents —C(?O)— or —SO2—; Y11 represents a C1-C10 alkyl group or a fluorinated alkyl group: Q2 represents a single bond or an alkylene group; and W represents a C2-C10 alkylene group).

Abstract: A method is provided for achieving low energy states for the study of chirality kagome spin ice structures, the method having the steps of providing a silicon substrate; spin coating a polymethyl acrylate resist on said silicon substrate; providing an electron beam writer; exposing said coated substrate to an electron beam from said electron beam writer; positioning more than one thin island ferromagnetic island structure along a honeycomb lattice of said kagome spin ice component, wherein said positioning being along a determined magnetization direction of said lattice and wherein said island structures providing a mechanism in which chirality is controlled.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making a lithographic printing plate which includes providing a lithographic printing plate precursor having a coating therein, image-wise exposing the coating, and developing the precursor. The coating includes (i) a contiguous photopolymerizable layer of a photopolymerizable composition or (ii) a contiguous intermediate layer with a photopolymerizable layer of a photopolymerizable composition thereon. The photopolymerizable composition includes a polymerizable compound, a polymerization initiator and a first polymer. The contiguous photopolymerizable layer or the contiguous intermediate layer also includes an adhesion promoting compound and a second polymer.

Abstract: A method for forming a material layer with an anti-reflective layer as the top surface. The method comprises steps of providing a material layer and performing an ion implantation process to change a plurality of physical properties of a portion of the material layer near a top surface of the material layer so as to covert the portion of the material layer into an anti-reflective layer.

Abstract: A method of printing a final layout on a wafer comprises printing a first pattern from a first mask located at a first position onto the wafer, shifting the first mask by a predetermined distance to a second position, printing the first pattern from the first mask located at the second position onto the wafer, and applying a trim mask to the wafer.

Abstract: A production method of an optical waveguide for a connector is provided, which reduces an optical coupling loss. Cores are formed in a crossing pattern, a branched pattern or a linear pattern, and then an over-cladding layer formation photosensitive resin layer is formed over the cores. In turn, a heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 70° C. to 130° C. to properly form mixed layers in interfaces between the cores and the photosensitive resin layer. By thus forming the mixed layers, the connector optical waveguide can be produced as having a reduced optical coupling loss.

Abstract: A photoresist material having a polymer that turns soluble to a base solution in response to reaction with acid. The material includes a photo-acid generator (PAG) that decomposes to form acid in response to radiation energy and a quencher capable of neutralizing acid and having a reduced mobility. The photoresist material can thereby prevent water mark defects from immersion lithography.

Abstract: According to the present invention, an anti-reflective film formed under a resist film is removed in a photolithography process of a wafer without affecting the resist film. According to the present invention, in a photolithography process of a substrate, an anti-reflective film having solubility in the developing solution is formed and thereafter a resist film is formed. In development treatment after exposure processing, a developing solution is supplied to the substrate to develop the resist film. At an instant when the development of the resist film is finished, a second developing solution lower in concentration than the developing solution is supplied to the substrate. Only the anti-reflective film is dissolved and removed by the supply of the second developing solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for improving post-thaw survival of cryopreserved biological material comprising applying hydrostatic pressure to said biological material; keeping the said biological material at the hydrostatic pressure for a predetermined time period; releasing the hydrostatic pressure; and freezing the said biological material using any protocol applicable thereto.

Abstract: This invention discloses a substantially protein-free cell culture solution for assisted reproductive technologies and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: Nucleoside analogues comprising a citrate group can be used to obtain immunogens designed to produce antibodies having an affinity for triphosphorylated nucleosides. Such antibodies are useful for implementing sensitive immunologic assays for triphosphorylated nucleoside derivatives.

Abstract: MicroRNAs are shown to be up- and/or down-regulated in inflammation and immune cells using a mouse model of asthma and regulatory T cells as source of RNA, respectively. Modulating the expression of these microRNAs can be effective in redirecting inflammation and immunity and hence, can be beneficial as biomarkers or as therapeutic agents against diverse human immunologic and inflammatory diseases.

Abstract: The invention provides isolated nucleic acid and amino acid sequences of novel human tumor suppressors, antibodies to such tumor suppressors, methods of detecting such nucleic acids and proteins, methods of screening for modulators of tumor suppressors, and methods of diagnosing and treating tumors with such nucleic acids and proteins.

Abstract: Provided is a method for specifically isolating any genomic region while maintaining interaction of the genomic region with its interacting molecule(s).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions and methods for nucleic acid identification and detection. Compositions and methods of the present invention include extracting and fragmenting target nucleic acids from a sample, using the fragmented target nucleic acids to produce target nucleic acid templates and subjecting those target nucleic acid templates to amplification methods to form nucleic acid nanoballs. The invention also includes methods of detecting and identifying sequences using various sequencing applications, including sequencing by ligation methods.

Abstract: This application describes methods and compositions for detecting and treating vimentin-associated neoplasia. Differential methylation of the vimentin nucleotide sequences has been observed in vimentin-associated neoplasia such as neoplasia of the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and/or bladder.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for catalyzing a reaction on a substrate (24) comprising, a light source (12), a micromirror (16) positioned to redirect light (14) from the light source (12) toward a substrate (24) wherein the redirected light (14) catalyzes a chemical reaction proximate a substrate (24), is disclosed. A computer (18) is connected to, and controls, the positioning of mirrors within the micromirror (16) to specifically redirect light to specific portions of a substrate. The substrate (24) can be placed in a reaction chamber (50), wherein the light (14) that is redirected by the micromirror (16) catalyzes a chemical reaction proximate a substrate (24).

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for detection and quantification of individual target molecules in biomolecular samples. In particular, the invention relates to coded, labeled probes that are capable of binding to and identifying target molecules based on the probes' label codes. Methods, computers, and computer program products for identifying target-specific sequences for inclusion in the probes are also provided, as are methods of making and using such probes. The probes can be used in diagnostic, prognostic, quality control and screening applications.