Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell stack is disclosed. In one aspect, the solid oxide fuel cell stack includes unit cells, an external collector, a first stack collecting member, a cap, and a suspension member. The external collector contacts an outer periphery of each of the unit cells and electrically connects the unit cells to each other. The first stack collecting member is positioned to collect current from a distal unit cell. A cap is provided in one end of the distal unit cell. The suspension member has one side thereof suspended from the cap and the other side fixed to the first stack collecting member to distribute weight of the first stack collecting member. Structural stability of a stack collector may be maintained even at oxidizing atmosphere of high temperature when driving the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: A transition metal nitride is obtained by a nitriding treatment of a surface of a base material including a transition metal or an alloy of the transition metal, and the transition metal nitride has a crystal structure of an M4N type and a crystal structure of an ?-M2˜3N type, and is formed over a whole area of the surface of the base material and continuously in a depth direction from the surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochemical device. The device features an anode constructed of materials such that the device can be chemically recharged. In addition, the device is capable of switching between operating as a fuel cell or as a battery. The switch can occur without cessation of electrical output. In certain aspects of the invention, the device is capable of operating at a temperature of less than 1000° C. Other aspects feature a liquid anode which allows higher output, dispersion of fuel and minimal stresses in an interface comprising the anode. Preferably the anode is a liquid at a temperature of less than 1000° C. The invention also relates to methods for energy conversion in which a continual electrical output can be produced in both the presence of fuel without anode consumption or the absence of fuel.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a solid oxide fuel cell. The solid oxide fuel cell includes cylindrical fuel cells and a current collector. The fuel cells are inserted into the current collector so that the fuel cells are connected in parallel to each other. The current collector includes an upper plate and a lower plate. The upper plate includes protruding parts each having a slot. An upper connection part connects the protruding parts in parallel to each other. The lower plate has a mesh structure and has semicircular support parts corresponding to the respective protruding parts. A lower connection part connects the semicircular support parts in parallel to each other. The solid oxide fuel cell unitizes connection between the fuel cells and current collection, thus simplifying a current collecting process, and minimizing a connection loss that may be induced in connection between the fuel cells.

Abstract: An oxidation-resistant ferritic stainless steel including a ferritic stainless steel base material, and a Cu-containing spinel-structured oxide.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a novel BZCYYb-carbonate composite electrolyte and method for making the same. The BZCYYb is porous, and the lithium-potassium carbonate is infiltrated or entrained within the pores of the BZCYYb to have better conductivity at the phase boundaries.

Abstract: A printed fuel cell having integrated gas channels, and having an anode layer, where a first gas diffusion electrode layer is periodically fixed to the anode layer, wherein the periodically fixed first gas diffusion electrode layer defines hydrogen flow field channels. A first catalyst material is coated or infused to the first gas diffusion electrode layer. An electrolyte membrane covers portions of the anode layer and first gas diffusion electrode layer with the first catalyst material. A second catalyst material is coated or infused to the electrolyte membrane. A second gas diffusion electrode layer is in operative association with the electrolyte membrane and second catalyst material, on a surface of the electrolyte membrane different from a surface of the electrolyte membrane which is in contact with the first gas diffusion electrode layer, and a perforated cathode is in contact with the second gas diffusion electrode layer.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell has anode, cathode and electrolyte layers each formed essentially of a multi-oxide ceramic material and having a far-from-equilibrium, metastable structure selected from the group consisting of nanocrystalline, nanocomposite and amorphous. The electrolyte layer has a matrix of the ceramic material, and is impervious and serves as a fast oxygen ion conductor. The electrolyte layer has a matrix of the ceramic material and a dopant dispersed therein in an amount substantially greater than its equilibrium solubility in the ceramic matrix. The anode layer includes a continuous surface area metallic phase in which electron conduction is provided by the metallic phase and the multi-oxide ceramic matrix provides ionic conduction.

Abstract: A gel battery may be fabricated from a gel anode material and a gel cathode material. The battery may further comprise a gel electrolyte material. The gel materials may be in the form of thin films. A gel battery may be formed by contacting at least a portion of a gel anode with at least a portion of a gel electrolyte, and at least a portion of a gel cathode may also be in contact with at least a portion of the gel electrolyte. A battery formed by gel films may also be coated with a material. The gel battery, its anode, cathode, and electrolyte materials may all be non-toxic for an application to an animal.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a hybrid porous material including a porous material including a microporous polymer film or a non-woven fabric, wherein the porous material has an upper surface and a lower surface; and a continuous inorganic coating covering the upper surface, the lower surface, and surfaces of pores within the porous material. The present disclosure also provides a manufacturing method for the hybrid porous material and an energy storage device including the same.

Abstract: An apparatus includes at least one battery storage compartment configured to store one or more encapsulated anodes and one or more encapsulated cathodes and at least one beverage storage compartment configured to store at least a component of a beverage. The apparatus also includes a manifold operably connected to the at least one battery storage compartment and to the at least one beverage storage compartment. The manifold is configured to receive at least one of the one or more encapsulated anodes, at least one of the one or more encapsulated cathodes, and at least a portion of the component of the beverage to form a battery that is configured to generate an electrical current.

Abstract: An improved platinum and method for manufacturing the improved platinum wherein the platinum having a fractal surface coating of platinum, platinum gray, with a increase in surface area of at least 5 times when compared to shiny platinum of the same geometry and also having improved resistance to physical stress when compared to platinum black having the same surface area. The process of electroplating the surface coating of platinum gray comprising plating at a moderate rate, for example at a rate that is faster than the rate necessary to produce shiny platinum and that is less than the rate necessary to produce platinum black. Platinum gray is applied to manufacture a fuel cell and a catalyst.

Abstract: Provided are a photomask, including: a substrate; an opaque pattern formed on the substrate and made of a material which does not penetrate light; a first dielectric layer formed on the substrate and the opaque pattern; and a negative refractive-index meta material layer formed on the first dielectric layer, in which a dispersion mode used in the photomask uses a Quasi bound mode, a manufacturing method of the photomask, and a manufacturing method of a substrate using the photomask.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a photomask includes forming a photoresist film on a substrate, and forming a defect detecting pattern on the photoresist film. The defect detecting pattern has a first pattern elongated in a first direction and a second pattern overlapping one end of the first pattern and elongated in a second direction different from the first direction. The first pattern and the second pattern are formed using electron beams (e-beam) diffracted by a same amplifier.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes: bright pigment particles; and a binder resin, and the electrostatic charge image developing toner has a main peak and at least one peak or shoulder that is higher in molecular weight than the main peak in a molecular weight distribution of a tetrahydrofuran-soluble component that is obtained through gel permeation chromatography measurement, and satisfies the following formula: 2?A/B?100, wherein A is reflectance at an acceptance angle of +30° that is measured when a solid image is formed using an electrostatic charge image developing toner and the image is irradiated with incident light at an incidence angle of ?45° by the use of a variable-angle photometer, and B is reflectance at an acceptance angle of ?30° that is measured when the image is irradiated with incident light at an incidence angle of ?45° by the use of a variable-angle photometer.

Abstract: A carrier for electrostatic image development, and a developer, an image formation method and an image formation apparatus using the carrier. The carrier is carrier particles. When the carrier particles each have a coating layer on a magnetic particle, the carrier has a total energy amount of 1500 to 3000 mJ. When the carrier particles each have a coating layer on a magnetic powder-dispersed particle, the carrier has a total energy amount of 1000 to 1500 mJ. The total energy amount is measured with a powder rheometer at a tip end speed of a rotor of 100 mm/s and a helix angle of the rotor of ?5°. The total energy amount is a value of a portion of the carrier in a measurement container which portion is contained in the region between the packed surface of the carrier and a surface disposed under the packed surface by 70 mm.

Abstract: A transparent electrostatic charge image developing toner satisfies the relationships of the following Formulas (1), (2), and (3) wherein Dt (?m) is a volume average particle diameter, upper GSDv is an upper volume particle size distribution index, and lower GSDp is a lower number particle size distribution index: Formula (1): 18?Dt?30; Formula (2): 1.05?upper GSDv?1.20; and Formula (3): 1.29?lower GSDp?1.50.

Abstract: A toner with good low-temperature fixability even in light-pressure type fixing units, which causes no contamination of fixing films and provides images having stable image densities and excellent image quality after long-term use. The toner includes a toner particle containing a binder resin, a coloring agent, a release agents (a) and (b) The release agent (a) is a monofunctional or bifunctional ester wax; the release agent (b) is a hydrocarbon wax; a solubility of the release agent (a) into the binder resin is higher than that of the release agent (b). When tetrahydrofuran-soluble components of the toner are subjected to GPC, a proportion of components having a molecular weight of 500 or less is 2.5 area % or less. When the tetrahydrofuran-soluble components at 25° C. are subjected to SEC-MALLS, a weight-average molecular weight Mw thereof is 5,000-100,000, and the Mw and the radius of gyration Rw thereof satisfy 5.0×10?4?Rw/Mw?1.0×10?2.

Abstract: To provide a toner, including: a crystalline binder resin including a urethane bond or a urea bond, or both thereof, and a colorant, wherein the colorant has a number-average particle diameter of 0.5 ?m or less, and a ratio of particles having a particle diameter of 0.7 ?m or greater in a number-size distribution of the colorant is 5% by number or less.

Abstract: A method of forming an image on a substrate with an electrophotographic photoreceptor and a toner, a photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a resin having a structural unit represented by the following formula (A) the toner containing toner matrix particles formed in an aqueous medium; the toner has a volume median diameter (Dv50) of from 4.0 ?m to 7.0 ?m; and the relationship between the volume median diameter (Dv50) and the percentage in number (Dns) of toner particles having a particle diameter of from 2.00 ?m to 3.56 ?m satisfies following formula (1) Dns?0.233EXP(17.3/Dv50)??(1).

Abstract: A compound represented by the following formula (I), wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a methyl group or a trifluoromethyl group.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photosensitive resin composition for a color filter that includes (A) an acrylic-based copolymer including a structural unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, wherein R1, R2, Q, and n are the same as defined in the specification; (B) an acrylic-based photopolymerizable monomer; (C) a photopolymerization initiator; (D) a colorant; and (E) a solvent.

Abstract: A resist composition including a base component containing a polymer (A1) having a structural unit (a5) containing a group represented by general formula (a5-0-1) or (a5-0-2), wherein the amount of the monomer that derives the structural unit (a5) is not more than 100 ppm relative to (A1). In the formulas, each of Q1 and Q2 represents single bond or divalent linking group, R3, R4 and R5 represent organic groups, and R4 and R5 may be bonded to each other to form a ring in combination with the sulfur atom, provided that —R3—S+(R4)(R5) has a total of only one aromatic ring or has no aromatic rings, V? represents a counter anion, A? represents an organic group containing anion, and Mm+ represents an organic cation having a valency of m, wherein m represents an integer of 1 to 3, provided that Mm+ has only one aromatic ring or has no aromatic rings.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive resin composition that provides a resist coating film in a liquid immersion lithography process is provided, the radiation-sensitive resin composition being capable of exhibiting a great dynamic contact angle during exposure, whereby the surface of the resist coating film can exhibit a superior water draining property, and the radiation-sensitive resin composition being capable of leading to a significant decrease in the dynamic contact angle during development, whereby generation of development defects can be inhibited, and further shortening of a time period required for change in a dynamic contact angle is enabled. A radiation-sensitive resin composition including (A) a polymer having a structural unit (I) represented by the following formula (1), and (B) a radiation-sensitive acid generator.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an irradiation device configured to irradiate an object with charged particle beams, a measurement device configured to measure a characteristic of each of charged particle beams, and a controller. The measurement device includes a plate including knife edges, and a sensor configured to detect a charged particle beam incident thereon via the plate. The controller causes one charged particle beam, selected from the charged particle beams, to perform a scan relative to the measurement device so that the one charged particle beam traverses at least two knife edges among the plurality of knife edges, and to generate correction information for correcting a measurement error of the measurement device due to deformation of the plate, based on an output from the sensor upon the scan.

Abstract: A pattern is printed by forming a photoresist layer on a wafer, forming a protective film thereon, exposure, and development. The protective film is formed from a protective film-forming composition comprising a novolak resin of a bisphenol compound and a mixture of an alcohol solvent and an ether or aromatic solvent.

Abstract: A pattern is printed by forming a photoresist layer on a wafer, forming a protective film thereon, exposure, and development. The protective film is formed from a composition comprising a copolymer of hydroxystyrene with acenaphthylene and/or vinylnaphthalene and a mixture of an alcohol solvent and an ether or aromatic solvent.

Abstract: Provided is a polymerizable composition containing (A) a polymerization initiator, (B) a polymerizable compound, (C) at least either a tungsten compound or a metal boride, (D) a compound having a maximum absorption wavelength between 300 nm and 450 nm and assuming that the maximum absorbance between 300 nm and 450 nm is 1, having an absorbance of 0.3 or less at a wavelength of 550 nm, and (E) an alkali-soluble binder.

Abstract: A micro-mirror well. In one embodiment the micro-mirror well includes a plurality of planar mirrors arranged around an axis of symmetry and inclined to form a pyramid well, where each of the plurality of planar mirrors is capable of reflecting light emitting from an object of interest placed inside the pyramid well.

Abstract: There is provided a resist film forming apparatus including a coating unit configured to drop, rotate, and spread a resist while rotating a substrate, a heating unit configured to heat a specimen in which the resist is coated on the substrate, a metering unit configured to measure a weight of the specimen being heated, and a control unit configured to control lamination of a plurality of resist layers on the specimen by executing a process of forming a resist layer on the substrate by performing heating in the heating unit until a predetermined amount of solvent has evaporated from a resist coated on the specimen based on the measured weight of the specimen, and repeating for a predetermined number of times a process of forming a new resist layer on a resist layer formed on the specimen by similarly controlling the coating unit and the heating unit.

Abstract: A fluidized-bed reactor system with at least two fluidized-bed reactors, each being a circulating fluidized bed, a particle line with a particle separator for transferring fluidized-bed particles from the first to the second reactor, and a particle line exiting at the lower half of the second reactor for transferring fluidized-bed particles back to the first reactor, wherein, at least in the second reactor, two or more reaction zones separated by one or more flow controllers and that the particle line opens into the second reactor above at least one flow controller.

Abstract: A burner having a high shape factor nozzle including a nozzle opening having a shape factor from about 10 to about 75, the shape factor being defined as the square of the nozzle perimeter divided by twice the nozzle cross-sectional area, and an annular nozzle surrounding the high shape factor nozzle, wherein the high shape factor nozzle is configured to be supplied with one of a fuel gas and an oxidizer gas, and the annular nozzle is configured to be supplied with the other of a fuel gas and an oxidizer gas. A method of rapid energy release combustion, including supplying a fuel gas and an oxidizer gas to a burner having a high shape factor nozzle and an annular nozzle surrounding the high shape factor nozzle.

Abstract: A burner including a central oxidant nozzle defining a central axis of the burner, and a plurality of flame holders each having an axis spaced apart from the axis of the burner, each flame holder including a high shape factor nozzle including a nozzle opening having a shape factor from about 10 to about 75, the shape factor being defined as the square of the nozzle perimeter divided by twice the nozzle cross-sectional area, and an annular nozzle surrounding the high shape factor nozzle, wherein the high shape factor nozzle is configured to be supplied with one of a fuel gas and an oxidizer gas, and the annular nozzle is configured to be supplied with the other of a fuel gas and an oxidizer gas.

Abstract: A device for flaring combustible gases, having an adjustable opening cross-section, and three tubes arranged about a common longitudinal axis. The tubes are arranged at least in some sections in a common cross-sectional plane an inner tube is designed as a gas introduction tube and has an opening that ends at the top in the vertical direction a diaphragm that can be adjusted in the cross section, through which the gas stream can be closed or regulated and which is fitted with an automatable mechanism for adjusting the opening cross-section. The device typically contains also at least one air guiding plate, feed devices for an inert gas and an ignition mechanism, thereby ensuring a high reliability for flaring the gas and a low emission of nitrogen oxides and soot. A method for operating the device which is suitable for flaring crude gases which are to be combusted is also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is an ignition torch that can easily be inspected regardless of the state inside a gasification furnace. An ignition torch (10) of the present invention extends from an outside of a gasification furnace (1) to an inside of the gasification furnace (1) so as to receive feed of fuel and combustion air from one end positioned at the outside of the gasification furnace (1) and to feed flames to the other end positioned in the inside of the gasification furnace (1). An opening/closing valve (24) is provided downstream in a fuel flow direction from an ignition section (22) provided at the outside of the gasification furnace (1). A flame-holding section (28) is provided on the other end of the ignition torch (10). Supporting fuel is supplied to the flame-holding section (28).

Abstract: A continuous furnace has a housing defining an interior chamber, and a plurality of endless rotatable devices within the interior chamber arranged in a series of rows with multiple ones of the endless rotatable devices in each of the rows. Multiple heaters are within the interior chamber adjacent to the plurality of endless rotatable devices. A drive system is configured to drive at least some of the endless rotatable devices at different speeds than others of the endless rotatable devices. Nozzles may be used to dispense fluid onto material sample containers passing through the furnace along the endless rotatable devices.

Abstract: A furnace comprises a cage holding and supporting an insulation pack comprising one or more base boards, one or more top boards and a plurality of side boards each of rigid carbon fiber based insulation material, the one or more base boards, one or more top boards, and plurality of side boards defining a cavity between them. A flexible carbon felt is disposed between the side boards and the cage.

Abstract: A light is built directly into a scaler hand piece and adds little or no additional bulk or weight thereto. The light allows a Veterinarian or Technician to directly illuminate an area to be worked, with the hand piece providing a bright, clear source of light with no shadows. The light can be emitted from a light tube disposed along a scaler insert device, providing emission of light near the tip of the scaler insert. The light can be easily placed directly into a patient's oral cavity. With the light built into the scaler, it does not add any additional bulk and the scaler hand piece and light source can be easily directed to the area that requires work. The light source, being mounted directly into the scaler hand piece, is more cost efficient compared to purchasing a separate external light source to be affixed to the scaler hand piece.

Abstract: A micro-motor hand piece solves the problem of a lack of directly focused light in a patient's oral cavity when polishing a patient's teeth or performing dentistry. The source of illumination is built directly into the nose of the micro-motor hand piece to flood the area around the working tip of the micro-motor hand piece with light. The light is automatically focused in the area in which the Veterinarian or Technician is working, without casting any shadows in the area undergoing the procedure. The light can be from, for example, three light emitting diodes (LEDs), or some other light source, such as a fiber optic light source, incorporated directly into the nose of the micro motor hand piece.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a kit of parts comprising part A and part B, part A comprising a polymerizable component having an acid group in the molecule, an initiator, part B comprising an activator, and a film former with a molecular weight of at least 1000. The present disclosure also relates to a composition obtainable by mixing the components contained in the kit of parts and to a process for producing the kit of parts comprising the steps of bringing the components contained in part B of the kit in contact with a surface, drying the surface to form a film.

Abstract: A mechanical interfitting connector for repeatably connecting dental models of teeth to articulators without damaging the former. The connector may include a socket mountable to a model and a male member mountable to the articulator, wherein the male member enters and engages the socket. The socket may be adhered to the model or alternatively partially embedded therein. A screw may be passed through the socket and male member so as to leave a small marking on the dental model, thereby indexing the socket and model for subsequent mountings, and also to prevent disengagement of the male member from the socket. A supplementary plate may be provided to secure anchoring of the male member to the socket, and to shield plaster which has not fully hardened against damage during hardening.

Abstract: An inlay for connection to a dental implant, including implant connection geometry, for connecting the inlay to the implant and, coronal of the implant connection geometry, a post portion extending along a longitudinal axis, the post portion having a circular symmetric external surface and including at least one protrusion extending radially beyond said external surface, wherein the post portion further includes longitudinally extending grooves which extend radially inward of said external surface and are located directly adjacent to and on either side of the at least one protrusion such that the proximal end of said at least one protrusion is located radially inward of said external surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a processing method for bone graft material using teeth by separating an extracted tooth by region and processing the extracted tooth to allow regional powders to be independently used or mixed depending on a use such as graft material comprises the following steps: (a) cutting a tooth extracted from a patient at the boundary between the dental crown and the dental root of the tooth; (b) removing the missing region of the horizontally cut dental crown of a tooth, soft tissue and pulp tissue; (c) quick-freezing the tissue of the dental crown and pulverizing the same to prepare a powder having an average diameter of 200-1,500 ?m; (d) degreasing the powder; (e) dehydrating the powder; and (f) carrying out a post-process including at least a sterilization with respect to the degreased and dehydrated powder to prepare a bone graft material.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for treating a root canal in a tooth or hard and/or soft tissue within a tooth and surrounding tissues by pulsing a laser light into a reservoir, preferably after introducing liquid fluid into the reservoir, so as to disintegrate, separate, or otherwise neutralize pulp, plaque, calculus, and/or bacteria within and adjacent the fluid reservoir without elevating the temperature of any of the dentin, tooth, bones, gums, other soft tissues, other hard tissues, and any other adjacent tissue more than about 5° C.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method for teaching fuel economy in a vehicle. The method includes activating an in-vehicle training mode and sending an instruction set for an initial vehicle maneuver. By calculating the fuel economy during the initial vehicle maneuver, an optimized speed/acceleration profile is computed. Subsequent vehicle maneuvers are initiated, and the speed/acceleration profiles computed during subsequent vehicle maneuvers are compared to the optimized speed/acceleration profile. Corrective feedback is generated during subsequent vehicular maneuvers upon deviations from the optimized speed/acceleration profile.

Abstract: A system and method by which users desiring to improve and maintain their health, to resist disease and bodily malfunction, increase their productivity, and decrease their health care costs may record their daily activities, food intake, and various health measures on an internet-based web site. Software at the site provides an automated shaping process, setting individualized eating, activity, and health progress goals, using a formula that increases the probability that each goal will be achieved, immediately informing the user when he or she has made progress towards or achieved a goal, and awards points which users can exchange for their choice of incentives. Graphic feedback on user progress towards long-term eating, activity and health goals is provided. It calculates the number of current lifestyle disease risk factors from user eating, activity, and health measures and provides individualized advice on how to reduce disease risk. A health coach may be engaged.

Abstract: Reverse Language Resonance methods are described for instructing a target language to a learner who speaks a native language. The methods may include providing to the learner a predetermined lesson comprising a lesson text of a plurality of lesson words that are exclusively in the target language. The methods may further include priming implicit memory of the learner. The methods may further include displaying the lesson text on a display and playing a recorded version of spoken words of the lesson text on an audio output while the lesson text is displayed. The methods may further include instructing the learner to perform Concurrent Triple Activity including simultaneously reading the lesson text on the display, listening to the spoken words from the audio output, and repeating the spoken words along with the recorded version into an audio input while the recorded version is playing.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method and a system of natural language training. The method comprises identifying a word that is to be read by a reader, the word comprising a plurality of letters, determining a visual symbol associated with at least one of the plurality of letters, and manifesting the visual symbol in association with the at least one of the plurality of letters. The visual symbol is associated with a predetermined speech sound. The visual symbol comprises a shape that includes a triangle, a character that includes an IPA symbol, or a fill that includes a color.

Abstract: An emotional state of a user of a computing device may be determined. For example, the user's emotional state may be determined based on a predicted or expected impact of a content item or object on the user's emotional state.

Abstract: A method for teaching social behavior to students comprises the steps of identifying rules of conduct, establishing positive consequences for obeying the rules of conduct and establishing negative consequences for disobeying the rules of conduct, teaching the students the rules of conduct and the consequences for obeying and disobeying the rules of conduct, tracking and recording on a periodic basis the conduct of students in disobeying the rules of conduct, establishing a grading scale and assigning to the students a grade based on their conduct and the grading scale, monitoring over time the changes to the grade, conducting behavior class for the students, and re-evaluating the grading scale based on the grade made by the students over time.