Abstract: A highly purified and heat stable cross-linked tetrameric hemoglobin suitable for use in mammals without causing renal injury and vasoconstriction is provided. A high temperature and short time (HTST) heat processing step is performed to remove undesired dimeric form of hemoglobin and the plasma proteins impurities effectively. Addition of N-acetyl cysteine to the heat stable cross-linked tetrameric hemoglobin maintains a low level of met-hemoglobin. The heat stable cross-linked tetrameric hemoglobin can improve and prolong oxygenation in normal and hypoxic tissue. In another aspect, the product is used in the treatment of various types of cancer such as leukemia, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and esophageal cancer. Another application is heart preservation in situations where there is a lack of oxygen supply in vivo, such as in heart transplant or oxygen-deprived heart.

Abstract: In one aspect, an absorbent product includes a package and at least n absorbent articles contained in the package (n is greater than 10). Each of the absorbent articles has a body contacting surface and a garment contacting surface. Each of the absorbent articles includes a component material disposed between the body contacting surface and the garment contacting surface. The component material has a printed graphic which is seen through either the body contacting or garment contacting surfaces. The n graphics of the n absorbent articles are different from each other, and preferably have a predetermined association. In another aspect, a method is directed to printing a graphic on a sheet material which will become a component material for the absorbent articles. In another aspect, a method is directed to producing the absorbent product including the package and the n absorbent articles contained in the package.

Abstract: A container can have a body with an integrally formed base attached to the body. The base includes a concave annular wall extending from the container sidewall to a standing surface, and an inner wall extending from the standing surface to a substantially flat inner annular wall. The inner annular wall is recessed in the base and is substantially perpendicular to the container sidewall. The inner annular wall includes a centrally located dimple. The dimple includes a plurality of spaced apart and radially extending indented ribs. One or more of the ribs extend radially into a brace that tapers to meet the inner annular wall.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for formation, filling, and sealing unit dose packages for consumer products are described herein. A filling system with a filling control system is also disclosed. Although the filling system is described in conjunction with a method for forming, filling, and sealing unit dose packages, the filling system and filling control system can be used in other dispensing processes.

Abstract: A heat sealable coated nylon film comprising a layer having a first and a second surface, the layer consisting essentially of nylon, and a coating on the first surface of said layer, wherein the coating is water-based and adapted for making the coated nylon film heat sealable and wherein the coating comprises a polyurethane and a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyolefin, EVA, EAA, ethylene methacrylic copolymer, and a combination thereof. A processes of forming said coated nylon film, a packaged product comprising a product and said heat sealable coated nylon film in which the product is wrapped, and a process of packaging said product.

Abstract: A mobile electronic device cover has a first cover portion with a first edge surface along a perimeter thereof. A second cover portion has a second edge surface along a perimeter thereof. A magnetic clasp has a first part in the first portion of the cover adjacent the first edge surface and a second part in the second portion of the cover adjacent the second edge surface. The magnetic clasp is adapted to magnetically hold the first edge surface meeting the second edge surface.

Abstract: A package of smokeless tobacco includes a flavor patch located in the package to provide flavor to smokeless tobacco. Also disclosed is a method of packaging smokeless tobacco by combining a package with a flavor patch disposed inside the package, the flavor patch comprising a flavor and an adsorbent, so that the flavor patch resides in an interior of the package; and adding smokeless tobacco to the package with the flavor patch.

Abstract: A method of providing an oxygen barrier for a product includes placing a product in an injection molded article which includes 10 to 60% by mass of a polyamide resin (A) and 40 to 90% by mass of a mixed polyolefin (E), wherein the polyamide resin (A) includes a diamine unit 70 mol % or more of which is one or more m-xylylenediamine units and a dicarboxylic acid unit 70 mol % or more of which is one or more dicarboxylic acid units including a C4 to C20 ?,?-linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and isophthalic acid at a molar ratio of from 30:70 to 100:0, the mixed polyolefin (E) includes 40 to 100% by mass of a polyolefin (C) and 0 to 60% by mass of a modified polyolefin (B), and at least a portion of the polyamide resin (A) is dispersed in a layered state.

Abstract: An apparatus for packaging stacks of folded paper products such as handkerchiefs or the like with blanks of plastic film, comprising at least one pocket (58), insertion means (5), along an insertion direction, of a single stack in said pocket (58) with the interposition and consequent folding of a corresponding blank, said pocket (58) being operatively associated with stop means (24) of the stack completely inserted within said pocket. There are control means (22) adapted to operate the stop means (24) in a coordinated manner with respect to the operation of the insertion means (5), to provide an abutment to the stack during the whole insertion step in the pocket (58), the stop means (24) comprising suction means (72) adapted to keep the film in position and to disengage the same film at least in an extraction step of the stack from the pocket.

Abstract: A one piece hoof sock bandage for use with horses, livestock, and other hoofed animals includes an elastic, water resistant sock material having a sole portion coated with a resilient, puncture resistant material. The sock material provides uniform compression to avoid constriction and extends up the leg to the pastern or higher where it is held in place by a cuff portion. The resilient sole portion covers the sole of the hoof and extends up the wall of the hoof far enough to prevent the sole portion from sliding on the hoof and to protect as much of the hoof as desired. The sock and sole portions may contain medications in various forms and generally function to treat the hoof area and protect it from contamination.

Abstract: Pulse jet air cleaner systems components and methods are described. The features relate to air cleaner housings that include a cartridge receiving section. Features described relate to a possible two-stage construction, a pulse jet accumulator section, pulse jet equipment for cleaning a filter cartridge positioned within the air cleaner; evacuation valve arrangements for projection of dust from the air cleaners; and other example features. Methods of assembly and use are also provided.

Abstract: A filter element has a reinforcement band or ring along at least a portion of the perimeter thereof and performing a support function thereat preventing or minimizing damage upon attempted percussive cleaning of the filter element by service personnel striking the perimeter against an impact surface. Alternatively, a failure band or ring is provided along at least a portion of the perimeter and performs a designated failure function to a failure condition thereat upon attempted percussive cleaning, with the failure condition providing at least one of: a) an indication to service personnel that the filter element has been damaged and should not be re-installed; and b) a deformed condition preventing re-installation.

Abstract: Systems and apparatuses are described that collect dust from the air in a manner that maximizes the volume of air that can be cleaned, while allowing for easier transport of the dust-collecting apparatus to the installation site and improving distribution of air flow within the apparatus so as to provide for a more efficient filtration of the air. In particular, the dust-collecting apparatus includes first and second housing modules that are designed to be joined longitudinally to create a housing. The module having an inlet opening of the apparatus further includes an inlet baffling system that includes multiple baffle plates near the inlet opening that facilitate a cross flow air profile for the air entering the housing. Other components, including a target plate, a baffle support structure having support plates and cross supports, and hopper baffles, may also be provided to secure the baffle plates and enhance the airflow distribution.

Abstract: A filter for use within a baghouse for filtering particulate material from fluid flow. The filter is to be supported by a tubesheet of the baghouse. The filter includes an elongate bag that has an open end adapted to be disposed adjacent to the tubesheet and an encircling sidewall that extends from the open end to a distal end of the bag. The sidewall permits passage of fluid there through so that the fluid may pass through the bag and blocks passage of particulate material. The filter includes an elongate cage that is located within and supporting the bag and that has a variable effective length. The filter includes cage-associated structure for increasing the effective length of the cage to maintain the sidewall to be taut adjacent the cage. The cage may include structure inhibiting movement of the cage. The filter may be part of a baghouse assembly.

Abstract: A device to separate particles from a gas stream. The device may be a vacuum cleaner (10) or an industrial dust extraction device. The vacuum cleaner (10) includes a rotor assembly (20) to which the gas stream is delivered, the rotor assembly (20) having a plurality of gates (42) that collect dust and open to deliver dust to an outlet chamber (23). The gates (42) include Cone or more gates (42) that may include a resilient deflectable flange that is movable between an open and a closed position to provide for passage of the dust to the chamber (23).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a selected spacing folded, pleated media by preparing a pre-pleated sheet of filter media having pleats with peaks and troughs throughout its length applying an at least one adhesive element along the pre-pleated sheet of filter media; advancing and cutting the pre-pleated sheet of material; compressing the cut length of pre-pleated sheet of filter material, resulting in folding of the pleats and adherence of the pleats into a folded, pleated filter media stack that is selectively separable; selectively separating the media stack and selecting a pleat spacing for a selected pleat spacing section application of an at least one spacing support element at the peaks of each pleat and refolding and recompressing into a selected spacing folded, pleated media stack wherein the media stack is adhered and can be selectively removed to extend from a compacted state to a deployed state with the selected pleat spacing.

Abstract: A mower drive wheel incorporating an edging plate including a number of different blade edge profiles for assisting in edging various types and thicknesses of grass or turf. The drive wheel can be reconfigured so that a one piece edging plate is replaced by a plurality of individually attachable blades. A modified walk behind powered mower is also disclosed and which integrates an adjustment mechanism for modifying a rotary turning speed of the edging drive wheel. A secondary drive wheel disconnect linkage is included and the main blade housing of the mower can also exhibit a widened profile to facilitate vacuum intake of the edging debris.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an agricultural machine such as a combine harvester. The machine comprises a feeder (1) such as a straw elevator, and a detachable header (2). The feeder comprises at least one rotatable cam (15) and a hook (16), rotatable about a common axis (14). The cam is arranged to gradually reduce the distance between the feeder and the header by rotating the cam (15) away from the header and the hook is arranged to grip a bar or pin (18) located on the header as the cam is being rotated away from the header, thereby securing the header to the feeder. An agricultural machine according to the invention further is equipped with a coupling mechanism (20) for automatically establishing a hydraulic and/or electric coupling between the feeder and the header, the coupling being actuated through the reduction of the distance between feeder and header.

Abstract: A flail rotor head attachment for use with any type harvesting machine having crop residue processing elements and including an input opening for receiving crop residue. The attachment includes a frame structure for operatively coupling the attachment to the harvesting machine, a flail rotor and an auger each mounted on the frame structure and a drive mechanism for rotating the flail rotor and the auger. The flail rotor includes a plurality of cutting elements for picking up and chopping crop residue from a field. The auger includes at least two flightings positioned in opposite directions for funneling crop residue towards the opening of the harvesting machine. Another embodiment includes a rake positioned between the flail rotor and the auger, the rake and the flail rotor rotating in the same direction and the auger rotating in an opposite direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rotor comprising a rotary housing and at least one oscillating arm, said oscillating arm comprising at least an internal part connected to the housing and an external part carrying tools, one of the parts comprising an engaging portion able to engage partially in an engaged portion of the other part, the said portions each comprising at least one hole and being able to be assembled by means of a connecting device comprising at least one threaded element with a shoulder, said threaded element passing through each hole of the said portions. According to the invention, the connecting device comprises an insert with at least one tapping able to be inserted inside the engaging portion, the threaded element is screwed in the tapping and the shoulder rests on the engaged portion to tighten the engaged portion against the engaging portion.

Abstract: A textile machine with multiple workstations equipped with a yarn processing device, and a drive shaft extending along multiple workstations, each yarn processing device connected to the drive shaft by a continuous traction means, and the drive shaft including multiple drive devices each guiding a continuous traction means. Each drive device has two grooves coaxially to the drive shaft, one of the grooves being part of a free wheel about the drive shaft. An output means is connected to each yarn processing device, each output means having front and rear guide grooves, the front groove at a free end of the output means and the rear groove adjacent the associated yarn processing device. Each traction means has one loop engaged in the rear groove of the associated output means and another loop engaged in the front groove through 180 degrees.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to make it possible to provide a cord, in particular, a cord for reinforcing a rubber article in which rubber permeation properties are improved by coating filaments as constituents of the cord with rubber in a reliable and stable manner. The cord of the present invention is produced by, when the metal filament is guided to an extruder and extruded together with rubber from a mouthpiece of the extruder so that the metal filament is coated with the rubber, juxtaposing plural metal filaments in the mouthpiece and extruding the metal filaments together with rubber.

Abstract: A link member with wear crutch, the linking member including a pair of side arms and at least one integrally formed loop end portion, the inner surfaces of the side arms and loop end portion defining a friction surface, the inner surfaces of the respective side arms diverging from one another away from the loop end portion and the wear crutch including two curved surfaces arranged as an outer and an inner surface, the outer surface to abut a surface of the linking member in a loop end portion and the inner surface presenting a wear surface for the linking member, and whereby the outer and inner surfaces intersect one another at opposite ends of the wear crutch along common edge portions, and a pair of substantially parallel locating arms adapted to abut respective surfaces of the linking member such that said common edge portions each engage an adjacent arm in a substantially flush manner when the wear crutch is seated on the linking member.

Abstract: A device capable of correcting the relatively twisted positional relationship of mutually adjacent link frame bodies, and precisely place the link frame bodies at appropriate positions. A link side plate includes a rear side plate portion having first and second linear position holding surfaces respectively at rear and front sides thereof in a longitudinal direction. The first linear position holding surface has a convex shape formed with two faces whose attitudes are mutually different with respect to a lateral direction. The second linear position holding surface has a concave shape formed with two faces whose attitudes are mutually different with respect to the lateral direction.

Abstract: A midframe portion (313) of a gas turbine engine (310) is presented and includes a compressor section with a last stage blade to orient an air flow (311) at a first angle (372). The midframe portion (313) further includes a turbine section with a first stage blade to receive the air flow (311) oriented at a second angle (374). The midframe portion (313) further includes a manifold (314) to directly couple the air flow (311) from the compressor section to a combustor head (318) upstream of the turbine section. The combustor head (318) introduces an offset angle in the air flow (311) from the first angle (372) to the second angle (374) to discharge the air flow (311) from the combustor head (318) at the second angle (374). While introducing the offset angle, the combustor head (318) at least maintains or augments the first angle (372).

Abstract: A turbofan gas turbine engine comprises a nacelle cowl and a core engine. A bypass duct is between an outer surface of a casing of the core engine, and an inner surface of the nacelle cowl. An air channel is in the nacelle cowl, an inlet and an outlet of the air channel being in an outer surface of the nacelle cowl. An oil cooler has at least one oil passage for oil circulation, the air cooler having a first heat exchange surface in the air channel exposed to air circulating in the air channel, the air channel having a second heat exchange surface in the bypass duct exposed to air circulating in the bypass duct. A method for cooling oil in a turbofan gas turbine engine is also provided.

Abstract: A system and method of reducing noise caused by jet engines is provided. The method comprises the steps of using the afterburner to heat the exhaust gas flow while simultaneously reducing power to the core engine. Together these two operations reduce the pressure of the exhaust gas in the nozzle area while holding the exhaust gas velocity constant, which maintains engine thrust while decreasing engine noise. The method may be supplemented by altering the location of the afterburner flames to create an inverted exhaust velocity profile, thereby decreasing engine noise even further.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine includes a shaft defining an axis of rotation. An outer turbine rotor directly drives the shaft and includes an outer set of blades. An inner turbine rotor has an inner set of blades interspersed with the outer set of blades. The inner turbine rotor is configured to rotate in an opposite direction about the axis of rotation from the outer turbine rotor. A gear system couples the inner turbine rotor to the shaft and is configured to rotate the inner set of blades at a faster speed than the outer set of blades. The gear system is mounted to a mid-turbine frame.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine includes an engine core outer casing and a fan nacelle spaced radially outwardly relative to the engine core outer casing to define a bypass duct. A plurality of drag links is used to pivot blocker doors into a flow blocking position in the bypass duct when a thrust reverser is deployed. The plurality of drag links is located within the bypass duct in an area of non-uniform flow defined by a plurality of local airflow angles. Each drag link is individually configured to align with one of the local flow angles.

Abstract: A turbine engine exhaust nozzle includes a core gas duct, a nozzle duct, and a thrust vectoring duct system having a duct valve, a first vectoring duct and a second vectoring duct. The nozzle duct directs a first portion of core gas from the core gas duct through a nozzle duct outlet along a centerline. The duct valve connects the core gas duct to the first vectoring duct during a first mode of operation, and connects the core gas duct to the second vectoring duct during a second mode of operation. The first vectoring duct directs a second portion of core gas from the core gas duct through a first vectoring duct outlet along a first trajectory. The second vectoring duct directs a third portion of core gas from the core gas duct through a second vectoring duct outlet along a second trajectory that is angularly offset to the first trajectory.

Abstract: A compressor section includes a counter rotating low pressure compressor that includes outer and inner compressor blades interspersed with one another and are configured to rotate in an opposite direction than one another about an axis of rotation. A transmission couples at least one of the outer and inner compressor blades to a shaft. A turbine section includes a counter rotating low pressure turbine having an outer rotor that includes an outer set of turbine blades. An inner rotor has an inner set of turbine blades interspersed with the outer set of turbine blades. The outer rotor is configured to rotate in an opposite direction about the axis of rotation from the inner rotor. A gear system couples at least one of the outer and inner rotors to the shaft.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine includes a shaft defining an axis of rotation. An inner rotor directly drives the shaft and includes an inner set of blades. An outer rotor has an outer set of blades interspersed with the inner set of blades. The outer rotor is configured to rotate in an opposite direction about the axis of rotation from the inner rotor. A gear system is engaged to the outer rotor and is positioned upstream of the inner set of blades.

Abstract: A method and system for raising the operating temperature of an emissions control device of an automotive vehicle. A generator converts the vehicle's mechanical braking energy to electrical energy. The electrical energy is delivered, without electrical storage, to an electric heater that heats either the emissions control device or the exhaust gas at the input to the device.

Abstract: A system includes an internal combustion engine having an air intake, a fuel inlet, and exhaust outlet. The system further includes a NOx sensor operably coupled to the exhaust outlet and structured to provide an exhaust O2 value, and a controller structured to functionally execute operations for determining a tank biofuel value. The controller includes an operation conditions module that interprets an intake O2 value, the exhaust O2 value, and a biofuel O2 correlation, an O2 fuel determination module that determines an O2 biofuel value in response to the intake O2 value, the exhaust O2 value, and the biofuel O2 correlation, and a fuel composition module that determines a tank biofuel value in response to the O2 biofuel value. The controller further includes a biofuel reporting module that provides the tank biofuel value.

Abstract: An exhaust gas control apparatus includes: a fuel supply portion that is provided so as to supply fuel to a portion of an exhaust passage, which is upstream of an exhaust gas purification member provided in the exhaust passage; a heating portion that is disposed between the fuel supply portion and the exhaust gas purification member; and a control portion that controls an amount of electric power that is supplied to the heating portion, based on an exhaust gas temperature and an exhaust gas flow rate.

Abstract: In a method for operating an air-compressing fuel-injection internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas post-treatment system with a particle filter and a nitrogen oxide reduction catalytic converter, a plurality of internal combustion engine operating settings are provided, each having respective predefined values for predefined internal combustion engine operating parameters. A heating operating setting is set when the internal combustion engine is warming up, while a basic operating setting is set in the warmed-up state. When the temperature in the exhaust gas system exceeds a predefinable first value, the heating operating setting is changed over to the basic operating setting. In the warmed-up state, at least one further (third) operating setting, with an exhaust gas recirculation rate that is reduced compared to the basic operating setting, is provided in addition to the basic operating setting.

Abstract: Modification of reductant (e.g., diesel exhaust fluid, DEF) tank location, for example during vehicle up-fitting may result in less than optimal operation of the DEF system due to inaccurate DEF system calibration. In one example approach, the above issue can be at least partially addressed by adjusting control system parameters for system control and diagnostics based on an input indicative of, or any modification to, the DEF tank location. In this way, DEF tank location flexibility is maintained, while also maintaining emission control and diagnostic accuracy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an exhaust gas purification device with which combustion gases originating from combustion devices, in particular diesel engines, can be purified. With the exhaust gas purification device, at least one regeneration of the particulate filters and/or of the NOx catalyst can be achieved.

Abstract: An exhaust system is provided. The exhaust system includes a first sensor that senses a level of nitrous oxide (NOx) in exhaust gas and generates a first sensor signal. A second sensor senses a level of ammonia (NH3) in the exhaust gas and generates a second sensor signal. A control module receives the first sensor signal and the second sensor signal, determines a desired reductant dosage based on the first sensor signal and the second sensor signal, and generates an injector control signal based on the desired reductant dosage.

Abstract: The present invention describes a motor designed for biodiesel compatibility comprising a particulate filter, a motor control unit being able to inject fuel to the engine in order to increase the exhaust temperature, and a lubricant composition, characterized in that the lubricant composition comprises at least one ester group containing polymer.

Abstract: A device for conveying a liquid reducing agent from a tank to a supply element includes a connecting element for connecting a reducing agent line, a system heating unit and a heat-conducting structure configured to transport heat from the system heating unit to the connecting element. A motor vehicle having the device is also provided.

Abstract: A technique is described including receiving a hydrocarbon stream, and heating the hydrocarbon stream with an exhaust steam from an internal combustion engine. This technique may include reacting the hydrocarbon stream catalytically to produce hydrogen and a modified hydrocarbon stream having a lower saturation state than the hydrocarbon stream, recovering energy from the hydrogen stream, and/or providing the modified hydrocarbon stream to a fuel supply for the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A mounting assembly for an injector is located in a curved portion of an exhaust line having an exhaust flow from an upstream end to a downstream end. The mounting assembly includes an indent extending at least partially into the exhaust line curved portion and disposed in the exhaust flow. The downstream wall has an interior surface oriented to substantially face the exhaust line downstream end. A recess extends from the downstream wall in a direction away from the exhaust line downstream end, and a recess aperture is formed in the recess and configured to fluidly communicate with the injector. The recess reduces the amount of exhaust heat reaching the injector tip.

Abstract: A waste heat recovery apparatus and process for use with an internal combustion engine includes a thermo electric apparatus that connects to components of the internal combustion engine to transfer heat between components, generate electric energy from heat extracted from components needing cooling, and convert electric energy to heat energy to transfer to components needing heating.

Abstract: This Mechanism introduces a new concept for rotary valves used in fluid power transmission and control. It transforms the rotary motion precisely to axial straight motion. It can also be used as an actuator. There are two sensitive chambers at the ends of the spool. Four helical grooves operate in axial symmetry. The rotary motion of the helical groove changes the connections/distribution between ports and chambers, thus forces the spool to slide to a balanced position.

Abstract: A hydraulic arrangement (10) to increase a motor load is described. The hydraulic arrangement comprises a hydraulic consumer (28), a load pressure-controlled hydraulic pump (24), a hydraulic tank (26), and a hydraulic control circuit (30), connected with the hydraulic consumer (28), with which a volume flow conveyed by the hydraulic pump (24) can be changed, wherein the hydraulic control circuit (30) comprises an excess pressure valve (42) and an electronically controllable control valve (36). In order to ensure a prioritization of the hydraulic consumer with a simultaneous increase of the motor bad, a proposal is made that the hydraulic control circuit (30) comprise a load pressure-controlled pressure compensator (38) between the excess pressure valve (42) and the control valve (36).

Abstract: A power transfer system for a vehicle that comprises a an internal combustion engine, one or more drive wheels, and power transfer apparatus transfers power from the prime mover to the wheels for propelling the vehicle. The system further comprises an auxiliary hydraulic pump that has a drive shaft that coupled to a power take-off unit driven by engine, and to an auxiliary hydraulic motor powered by hydraulic fluid supplied from a hydraulic energy storage device such as an accumulator. As a result, the auxiliary hydraulic pump can be powered by hydraulic fluid from the accumulator when the prime mover is not operating, or by the prime mover when operating. A tandem arrangement of one way clutches can be employed to avoid the need to disconnect the auxiliary hydraulic pump from the prime mover during operation of the auxiliary hydraulic motor, and vice versa.

Abstract: An automatic transmission for a hybrid vehicle comprising a first hydraulic pressure supply source driven with an internal combustion engine; a second hydraulic pressure supply source driven independently of the first supply source; and a regulator valve regulating hydraulic pressure produced by the supply sources. A first oil passage supplying line pressure regulated by the regulator valve to a hydraulic servo operating a friction engagement element; a second oil passage supplying hydraulic pressure discharged from the regulator valve to a lubricated portion via an oil cooler; and a thud oil passage merged with the second oil passage at a point downstream of the oil cooler supplying the hydraulic pressure of the second supply source to the lubricated portion. A first reverse flow prevention mechanism is disposed between the oil cooler and the merging point to prevent reverse flow of hydraulic pressure.

Abstract: A system and method for calibrating an electronically actuatable hydraulic valve in a work machine may include at least one supply valve and at least one drain valve to be calibrated and a bypass valve in fluid communication with a pump and a fluid source. The at least one supply valve and the at least one drain valve may be calibrated by opening the at least one supply valve and the at least one drain valve, closing the bypass valve, setting the pump to a desired flow output, determining a first current command for the at least one supply valve corresponding to a first target pressure parameter and determining a second current command for the at least one drain valve corresponding to a second target pressure parameter.

Abstract: A plurality of actuators (11a, 11b) operate as a result of pressure oil being supplied thereto from a aircraft central hydraulic power source 104, and drive one control surface 103a. A backup hydraulic pump 18 is installed inside a wing 102a on which a control surface 103a is provided, and is provided so as to be able to supply the pressure oil to the actuators (11a, 11b) if a loss or degradation of the function of a hydraulic power source 104 has occurred. To the actuators (11a, 11b) for driving the one control surface 103a, the pressure oil is supplied from the same aircraft central hydraulic power source 104. The one backup hydraulic pump 18 supplies the pressure oil to the actuators (11a, 11b) for driving the one control surface 103a.