Abstract: Disclosed is a gearbox with two driver gears that are phase shifted 180 degrees with respect to a driven gear so that counter-rotation of the driver gears combine to rotate the driven gear together. The gearbox can be used to couple a counter-rotating, coaxial wind turbine rotors by coupling the driver gears to the counter-rotating rotors and the driven gear to a generator so that the counter-rotating rotors on the wind turbine rotate the driven gear in the same direction. The driven gear can be coupled to a generator to produce electricity.

Abstract: A system for capturing and converting and/or storing wind energy includes a vessel adapted to receive at least one wind machine for capturing wind and a device for converting wind energy to storable energy. A method of adapting a vessel, such as a surplus cargo ship or an oil tanker, for use as a offshore power generating system comprises equipping a vessel with devices for capturing a renewable energy source, positioning the vessel at sea to capture the renewable energy source, converting the renewable energy to a storable energy source, and storing the converted energy, and repositioning the vessel to capture further renewable energy or transport the stored, converted energy.

Abstract: According to one aspect, embodiments of the invention provide a UPS comprising a plurality of electrical buses, a first AC/DC converter coupled to the electrical buses and configured to convert a first input AC voltage to a plurality of DC voltages, a second AC/DC converter coupled to the electrical buses and configured to convert a second input AC voltage to the plurality of DC voltages, a third AC/DC converter coupled to the electrical buses and configured to convert a third input AC voltage to the plurality of DC voltages, a first DC/AC converter configured to convert the plurality of DC voltages into a first output AC voltage, and a DC bus balancer configured to maintain voltages present on the electrical buses by transferring energy between the plurality of electrical buses.

Abstract: A photovoltaic assembly is disclosed which comprises a string formed from a plurality of series-connected photovoltaic generators, and a hierarchical structure of power-exchange units, which each exchange power between neighboring photovoltaic generators or groups of photovoltaic generators. The photovoltaic generators may be individual solar cells or a plurality of series-connected solar cells arranged as a segment. To compensate for differences in output between segments for instance due to partial shading, power-exchange units, such as DC-DC converters, are arranged across neighboring segments, such that each power-exchange unit effectively sources or sinks current between neighboring segments to current-match the string. To avoid unnecessary “rippling” of power matching along many power-exchange units and the associated power loss due to many power-exchange units operating at less than 100% efficiency, the power-exchange units are arranged in a hierarchical structure.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit device includes a power supply circuit that generates one or more internal supply voltages from an external supply voltage, and one or more functional circuits that operate on the one or more internal supply voltages. A step-down converter in the power supply circuit generates one or more stepped-down voltages from the external supply voltage. A control circuit in the power supply circuit compares the external supply voltage with a reference voltage and selects the internal supply voltages from among the external supply voltage and the stepped-down voltages according to the result of the comparison. The semiconductor integrated circuit device can accordingly operate on different external power supplies, and can continue to operate on battery power even if the battery voltage drops.

Abstract: An apparatus which has a load that consumes a predetermined amount of electric power per unit time includes a power source circuit configured to generate a voltage for driving the load, a capacitor which is connected to a supply line for supplying electric power to the load from the power source circuit and configured to stabilize a potential of the load, a first supply circuit which can supply electric power smaller than the predetermined amount to the capacitor and can discharge a charge from the capacitor, a second supply circuit which can supply electric power larger than the predetermined amount to the capacitor, a switch circuit configured to operate each of the first supply circuit and the second supply circuit, and a holding circuit configured to hold information based on the operation of the first supply circuit.

Abstract: Power inverters are controlled in response to reactive power support commands received from a power grid such that at least one power inverter provides reactive power to the power grid. The reactive power provided is based on each power inverter's reactive power capacity only while the total power capacity of each power inverter providing the reactive power is not exhausted in generating real power.

Abstract: A non-contact power supply system includes a power supply device for transmitting high frequency power and a load device which receives the high frequency power in a non-contact mode by electromagnetic induction to supply it to a load. The power supply device includes a power transmission unit having a primary power coil and an inverter circuit, an inquiry unit having at least one primary signal coil and an oscillation circuit, a signal detection unit and a control unit. The load device includes a power reception unit having a secondary power coil magnetically coupled to the primary power coil and a power conversion unit, a secondary signal coil magnetically coupled to the primary signal coil, and a response unit which is operated by electromotive force induced in the secondary signal coil. The control unit stops power transmission when no signal is detected and executes power transmission which a signal is detected.

Abstract: A wireless energy transfer device (1) includes: a power transmission unit (2) that generates an oscillating magnetic field or oscillating electric field; a power reception unit (3), which is provided with a receiving antenna (31), and which converts the oscillating magnetic field or the oscillating electric field of the power transmission unit (2) to electric power by the receiving antenna (31); and an electric power theft suppression unit that suppresses the theft of energy with the oscillating magnetic field or the oscillating electric field of the power transmission unit (2).

Abstract: A wireless power receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention is a wireless power receiver which acquire power by a non-contact method from a wireless power feeder, the wireless power receiver having: a power receive resonance circuit that includes a power receive coil and power receive capacitor and acquires power from a power feed coil of the wireless power feeder by means of the power receive coil on the basis of a magnetic field resonance effect between the power feed coil and the power receive coil; a power receive load coil that receives the power fed from the power receive coil by a non-contact method; and an impedance converter that is arranged between the power receive load coil and a load and in which a primary impedance connected to the power receive load coil is higher than a secondary impedance connected to the load.

Abstract: Systems and devices are described herein for reducing a phantom load. The system may include a device for connection to a power source and a transformer or machine, wherein the device is configured to disconnect the transformer or machine from the power source under a predetermined load condition. The device may include a contactor, a current detector, a timer, and a controller. Portions of the current detector, timer, or controller may be implemented in a microcontroller.

Abstract: A power distribution apparatus is provided. The apparatus may include a modulated block type power distribution apparatus capable of reducing a space by consequently connecting a main breaker to a sub breaker as a block not to form a gap while installing. The apparatus may include a multifunctional block type power distribution apparatus capable of easily connecting breakers with one another, the breaker having different height, by additionally installing a height controller able to control a height of a branch breaker on the apparatus manufactured in one mold and preventing wrong coupling while connecting a plurality of branch breakers with one another. The apparatus may include a preassembled power distribution apparatus capable of increasing coherence between terminals while coupling a main breaker terminal, a branch breaker terminal, and an additional breaker terminal, forming the preassembled power distribution apparatus, with various terminals of another preassembled power distribution apparatus.

Abstract: Communication bus having at least one pair of communication lines designed to be connected in series respectively to conductors of a main communication bus designed to be connected to communicating devices of at least one electric panel. Said communication bus comprises at least two branched outputs each having at least two branch lines, said branch lines respectively having a first end connected to a communication line and having a second end designed for connection of the communicating devices. The communication lines are etched on a first conducting layer of a printed circuit, and the branch lines are etched on a second conducting layer of said printed circuit. The communication lines are separated from one another by a distance.

Abstract: A system and method for distributing the power of an electromagnetic signal is presented. In one embodiment, a power distribution cavity includes, a planar cavity, input ports and output ports. The planar cavity is formed with a metallic sheet in the shape of a star pattern with a plurality of elongated star arms extending from a round center portion of the metallic sheet. The input ports are attached to the round center portion of the metallic sheet for receiving an input signal. The signals entering the cavity from the input ports creating independent resonant modes within the cavity that combine producing a tapered aperture distribution of signals at the output ports. The output ports are attached near to the outward ends of the elongated star arms. The planar cavity is thus configured to propagate electromagnetic fields at the output ports that were excited within the cavity by the input ports.

Abstract: A linear motor coil assembly includes a base plate (1), a line of iron cores affixed longitudinally on the upper surface of the base plate, multiple coils respectively provided for the iron cores, and a first cooling tube being in contact with contacts the multiple coils and through which a first refrigerant passes. The lower surface of the base plate can be attached to a precision table of a machine tool or a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus. A groove (8) that extends longitudinally in linear fashion is formed on the lower surface of the base plate. A second cooling tube (92, 94), through which a second refrigerant passes, provided within the groove is additionally provided in the linear motor coil assembly.

Abstract: An apparatus (structure) is provided to support a superconductor winding (61) of an electromotive machine. An elongated loop (74) provides radial support to the winding. A base assembly (84) may include a base module (89) arranged to anchor the loop at a proximate end (76) of the elongated loop by way of a tubular coupling (86). The tubular coupling may further provide a mechanical connection relative to an axially-adjacent base module. A bracket assembly (100) may define an interior recess to receive a portion of the winding and to support the elongated loop at a distal end (78) of the elongated loop, such as by way of a support (80). A lateral-extending loop (106) may have a first end connected to the bracket assembly (100) and a second end connected to the base module (89) to transfer to the rotor core lateral loads, which may be experienced by the winding.

Abstract: An exemplary stator disk of an electric motor stator includes a set of recesses. Each recess being configured to receive a cooling pipe. The stator disk includes one or more positioning elements for aligning the stator disk with another stator disk. The one or more positioning elements being positioned to the stator disk such that when the stator disk is set to a rotated position with respect to the other stator disk in order to align the recesses of the disks for receiving of cooling pipes, the positioning elements of the two disks become only partly aligned with each other.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for supplying electrical current to an electric fan set of a motor vehicle, said device comprising a brush-holder plate (5), for supplying current to the motor of the set, a support (1) for an electronic circuit (3) for supplying said motor, said plate (5) and said support (1) being attached to one another. According to the invention, said device also comprises means (13, 15, 17) for joining the support (1) to the brush-holder plate (5), arranged to ensure a prepositioning relative to one another at the time of assembly.

Abstract: The current diverter rings and bearing isolators serve to dissipate an electrical charge from a rotating piece of equipment to ground, such as from a motor shaft to a motor housing. One embodiment of the current diverter is substantially arc shaped with a plurality of radial channels extending there through. A conductive assembly may be positioned in each radial channel such that a contact portion of the conductive assembly is positioned adjacent a shaft passing through the center of the current diverter ring. The arc-shaped body may be particularly useful during installation over certain existing shafts.

Abstract: The phase ring assembly includes a support ring carrying a plurality of phase rings provided with connection arms that are bent to the phase rings. The connection arms are placed between the phase rings and the support ring. The support ring has recessed seats housing the connection arms.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a switched reluctance motor including: a rotor part including a rotor core having a shaft fixedly coupled to the center thereof and a plurality of rotor salient poles formed to be protruded from an outer peripheral surface of the rotor core; a stator part including a stator yoke having the rotor part rotatably received in an inner portion thereof and a plurality of stator salient poles formed to be protruded from the stator yoke in a direction toward the rotor salient poles so as to correspond to the rotor salient poles and having coils wound therearound; and a printed circuit board fixedly coupled to an upper portion of the stator part and including a plurality of ground parts having the coils penetrating therethrough, the coil being wound around the plurality of stator salient poles.

Abstract: A flywheel based energy storage apparatus includes a housing and a hub-less flywheel mounted within the housing. The hub-less flywheel has a mass which is shifted radially outwards from a central axis of the hub-less flywheel thus increasing the energy density of the apparatus. The flywheel includes an outer axially extending annular surface, an inner axially extending surface and two radially extending side surfaces. The inner axially extending surface has a plurality of magnets aligned to form a rotor. A plurality of coils is supported by the housing and is aligned with the rotor to form a motor/generator. A controller controls the motion of the hub-less flywheel to reduce vibrations and controls electrical power transfer to and from the motor/generator.

Abstract: A permanent magnet is rotated about an axis extending between opposing north and south poles. The magnetic field of the rotated permanent magnet interacts with magnetic fields of permanent magnets carried by a shuttle for repelling and attracting the fixed permanent magnets, and providing a linear reciprocating movement of the shuttle responsive to the favorable rotary motion of the rotated permanent magnet where the force of the linear motion is captured by an energy storage device.

Abstract: Electric submersible well pumping systems operable in well temperatures of above about 180° C. (356° F.) utilize high temperature electrical insulation. The electrical insulation includes E-base polyimide films or perfluoropolymer TE films on various components. The insulation films are employed around magnet wires that are threaded through slots in the stator. Slot insulation of E-base polyimide or perfluoropolymer TE film surrounds the magnet wires in the stator slots. Sheets of E-base polyimide or perfluoropolymer TE film extend around and between phase loops of the magnet wire at the lower end of the stator. The motor contains a PAO oil having additives to dissipate acid generated by epoxy used in the motor.

Abstract: An electric motor or generator having a stator with stator teeth for mounting electrical coils and a rotor, wherein the stator has a first surface that is parallel to an axis of rotation of the rotor and is axially separated from the stator teeth and the rotor has a second surface that is formed in substantially the same axial position as the stator s first surface, wherein material is mounted on the first surface or the second surface that has a lower frictional coefficient than the first surface or second surface.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the installation and removal of permanent magnets in a permanent magnet electromechanical machine, for example a wind turbine power unit generator. A magnet holder is mounted on a magnet carrying structure such as a rotor. Permanent magnets may be inserted into and removed from the magnet holder after the electromechanical machine is assembled. In this manner, permanent magnets may be installed on the magnet carrying structure by an interference fit, without using bolts or adhesives, to facilitate both assembly and removal for maintenance and repair.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electric motor-driven compressor having a structure capable of improving the performance of an electric motor of the electric motor-driven compressor for the vehicle. The electric motor-driven compressor has an angle which is formed by two straight lines passing through a center of the rotor and making contact with both end portions of one permanent magnet, and is in a range of about 48.7° to about 51°. The cogging torque and the torque ripples are minimized, the power of the electric motor is improved, and the electric motor is easily controlled.

Abstract: An arrangement for attaching a permanent magnet to the rotor of an electrical machine and such a rotor are provided. The rotor is assembled of sheets and includes at least two magnetic poles and a magnetic core. Permanent magnets are installable on a surface of the magnetic core, and a pole piece assembled of sheets is installable on a side of the permanent magnet that faces an air gap. At least one channel passing through the pole piece is built in the pole piece and magnetic core. A tightening strip is installable in the channel. The tightening strip is attachable to the pole piece using locking parts, and an end of the tightening strip facing the magnetic core includes fixing parts for attaching the tightening strip to the magnetic core.

Abstract: A rotor for an interior permanent synchronous machine. A rotor core structure includes an outer cylindrical wall juxtaposed to an air gap. A plurality of arcuately-shaped cavities is formed within the rotor core structure. The plurality of arcuately-shaped cavities is substantially concentrically layered with respect to an outer cylindrical wall of the rotor core structure. Each arcuately-shaped cavity extending between first and second end sections is juxtaposed to the outer cylindrical surface wall of the rotor structure and includes an intervening center section. A plurality of permanent magnets is inserted within the plurality of arcuately-shaped cavities. Each first end section retains a respective first permanent magnet having a first magnet field strength. Each second end section retains a respective second permanent magnet having the first magnetic field strength.

Abstract: A rotor for a permanent synchronous machine includes a rotor having a plurality of arcuately-shaped cavities formed within a rotor core structure. The plurality of arcuately-shaped cavities substantially concentrically layered with respect to an outer cylindrical wall of the rotor core structure. A plurality of permanent magnets is inserted within the plurality of arcuately-shaped cavities. Each cavity layer retains a permanent magnet of a first magnetic field strength disposed in end sections and a permanent magnet of a second magnetic field strength in a center section of each cavity layer. Each respective cavity includes an air barrier formed between the magnets having different magnetic field strengths. The air barrier generates a reluctance within an air barrier gap for directing a flow of flux generated by each third permanent magnet in a preceding layer in a direction toward each third permanent magnet in a succeeding layer.

Abstract: A Halbach array is radially disposed in an environment optimized for efficiency and controlled for efficient generation and use of power in order to generate, establish, and maintain a desired level of rotational energy with enhanced efficiency and in order to make the most efficient use of electromotive forces and magnetic fields which are either intentionally created for the operation of the apparatus or which result from the operation of the apparatus.

Abstract: Provided is a molded motor that hardly causes electric corrosion in bearings and produces less noise and vibration. Electrical continuity between a bracket 51 on an output side and a bracket 52 on a counter output side is secured by a conductive plate 60 having elasticity. Therefore, since the conductive plate 60 is unlikely to be cut off by an external force and does not change significantly with time, the electrical continuity between the bracket 51 on the output side and the bracket 52 on the counter output side is hardly interrupted. Accordingly, since a difference in potential between the bracket 51 on the output side and the bracket 52 on the counter output side hardly occurs, electric corrosion is hardly caused in a bearing 41 on the output side and a bearing 42 on the counter output side.

Abstract: An electric motor (1) has a stator (2) and a radially symmetric, permanent magnet excited rotor (4) coaxial with the stator (2). The rotor (4) rotates relative to the stator (2) about a common motor axis (X). The stator (2) has a radially symmetric iron core (6) with a defined number (N) of stator teeth (10) which are each adjacent to one another via stator slots (8) and slot openings (8a) in the circumferential direction. The rotor (4) has pole magnets (14) adjacent to one another. A circumferential gap (18) is formed radially between the pole magnets (14) and the stator teeth (10). Each stator tooth (10) has on its surface (20) facing the gap (18) and adjacent to the slot openings (8a) on both sides in the circumferential direction a relief-like topographic region (22) radially enlarging the gap (18) with least one concave recess (24) and a smooth profile.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electric power generation device comprising: a pair of electrodes arranged opposite to each other; and an electret member that is arranged between the pair of electrodes to be spaced apart from the pair of electrodes, and is provided to be movable in a direction of a perpendicular axis passing through the pair of electrodes.

Abstract: There is provided a method for testing a piezoelectric/electrostrictive actuator, wherein the displacement of a piezoelectric/electrostrictive actuator is estimated on the basis of the relations between one or more frequency characteristic values selected from the group consisting of the heights and areas of the peaks of the resonance waveforms and the difference of the maximum and minimum of the first order or first to higher orders of the resonance frequency characteristic values of the piezoelectric/electrostrictive actuator and the k-th order (k=1 to 4) of the first or first to higher orders of resonance frequencies. According to this piezoelectric/electrostrictive actuator testing method, a piezoelectric/electrostrictive actuator can be tested with high precision without actually driving the same as a product and without being accompanied by any disassembly/breakage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a piezo drive, in particular for use in geodesic devices, having at least one piezoelectric motor element that includes an advancing component, a running surface component, and a receptacle for the running surface component, wherein said receptacle is to be connected to a component to be driven, wherein the piezoelectric motor element has a window of operation of the motor as a frequency range of the movement of the advancing component. The running surface component and the receptacle are sized and connected to one another such that the natural resonances of the running surface component lie outside the window of operation of the motor.

Abstract: An ultrasonic device is configured to transmit ultrasonic waves and includes a substrate, a diaphragm, a piezoelectric member and a control unit. The substrate has an opening. The diaphragm covers the opening of the substrate. The piezoelectric member is coupled to the diaphragm, and includes a first piezoelectric part and a second piezoelectric part. The control unit controls a voltage applied to the first piezoelectric part to be a vibration voltage and controls a voltage applied to the second piezoelectric part to be a constant voltage when the ultrasonic device transmits the ultrasonic waves.

Abstract: A motor which includes two drive elements, especially piezoelectric bending actuators, having effective directions that are perpendicular to each other. These actuators act upon a drive ring to thereby rotate a shaft. Diagonally opposite securing elements are provided on the drive ring and are used to flexibly suspend the drive ring via respective articulated corner elements on respective fixing elements that are diagonally opposite the respective securing elements. The drive according to the invention is compact, having actuators that are non-radially hinged to the drive ring.

Abstract: The disclosure pertains to a device and a method for compensating for heat expansion effects in solid materials, as well as a method for manufacturing the device.

Abstract: Disclosed are a slim self-powering power supplier using a flexible PCB for a wireless sensor network and a sensor node using the same, and a fabrication method thereof. An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a self-powering power supplier including: a flexible PCB; a lower electrode positioned on the flexible PCB; a piezoelectric body having a cantilever structure deposited on the lower electrode; and an upper electrode formed on the piezoelectric body.

Abstract: An electromechanical energy converter for generating electric energy from mechanical vibrations has a bending bar clamped to a holder that can be set in vibration and elastically deflected at an end area along a path curve from a neutral position transversely to the longitudinal extension of the bending bar. A deflectable point on the bending bar is connected to the mount via a deflectable bridge part extending along the bending bar for applying to the bending bar a mechanical prestress oriented substantially in the direction of longitudinal extension of the bending bar. The bending bar has a drive connection to at least one electromechanical converter element for converting mechanical vibration energy into electric energy. The bridge part is arranged outside of the bending bar such that when the bending bar is deflected out of the neutral position, the bending bar and the bridge part extend along lines having different courses.

Abstract: An acoustic wave device includes: an electrode that excites an acoustic wave and is located on a substrate; and a silicon oxide film that is located so as to cover the electrode and is doped with an element or molecule displacing O in a Si—O bond, wherein the element or molecule is F, H, CH3, CH2, Cl, C, N, P, or S.

Abstract: Passivated micromechanical resonators and related methods are described. Applicants have appreciated that polycrystalline conductive layers used as electrodes for some MEMS resonators are a source of mechanical and electrical instability. To inhibit or prevent contamination of such conductive layers, which may exacerbate the instabilities, passivation structures are used. The passivation structures can be grown, deposited, or otherwise formed.

Abstract: A piezoelectric device includes a piezoelectric vibrating piece, a base plate, which has a connecting electrode on one principal surface and a mounting terminal on another principal surface, in a rectangular shape, and a lid plate. The another principal surface of the base plate includes a pair of sides that face one another. At least the pair of sides has a level difference portion depressed toward the one principal surface side and a castellation passing through from the another principal surface to the one principal surface. A wiring electrode extracted from the mounting terminal to the one principal surface of the base plate is at a part of the level difference portion and the castellation. The wiring electrode and the mounting terminal include a metal film formed by sputtering or vacuum evaporation and an electroless plating film formed on the metal film by electroless plating.

Abstract: The invention provides an illumination apparatus (10) and a method of assembling the illumination apparatus. The illumination apparatus comprises a light source (101) having a plurality of LED arrays, wherein at least two of the plurality of LED arrays have different lumen degradations as a function of junction temperature of the respective LED arrays; and a heat dissipation unit (102) configured to be capable of dissipating heat generated by the light source, wherein the heat dissipation unit is mounted on a first surface of the light source in such a way that there is a gap between the first surface and the heat dissipation unit when the light source is not in operation, and the gap is narrowed or can be deemed to disappear when the light source reaches a preset temperature, so that the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat dissipation unit is improved.

Abstract: A cold cathode lighting system comprising a cold cathode lamp with electrodes on either end of the lamp, oriented such that it includes an electrode extension in order to return the electrode to the same parallel position as the main body of the lamp. The lamp's electrodes are inserted into a casing that is comprised of a casing covers on either ends of the casing which may slid be opened. The casing covers interact with a electrode cover assembly underneath the casing covers, that allows the lamp to be inserted when the casing covers are opened. The closing of the casing covers will safely engage an interconnection with the lamp's electrodes through the electrode cover assembly.

Abstract: An LED bulb includes a bulb body and an adapter detachably connecting with the bulb body. The bulb body has two pins function as a negative electrode and a positive electrode. The two pins are for inserting into and electrically connecting with a bi-pin socket connector for light bulb, such as MR16 socket connector. The adapter includes a junction seat, a first connector, a second connector, and a bulb cap. Metallic threads are formed on the bulb cap. The first connector is received in the junction seat and electrically contacts the threads. The second connector extends through the junction seat and the bulb cap to make a bottom end thereof being exposed. The adapter is able to engage and electrically connect with an Edison screw socket connector, for example, E-10 socket connector.

Abstract: An illuminative clipper structure contains a body including a first and a second support arms axially connected together, the first support arm including a recessed area arranged on an outer wall thereof, a first and a second recesses communicating with the recessed area; a first sleeve fitted on the first support arm and including a chamber formed on an inner wall thereof, and an aperture to communicate with the chamber; an illuminating assembly including a holder placed in the chamber to receive cells and supply power toward a bulb to emit lights, a wire coupled with the holder and the bulb, the wire being inserted into the aperture from the first recess so that the bulb is located at a second recess of the body; a protective cover covered onto the recessed area to fix the bulb so that the bulb emits lights to a movable opening of a clipper.

Abstract: A spark plug including a center electrode and a ground electrode having a gap between the center electrode and the ground electrode, the ground electrode has an outer layer which is formed from an Ni-based alloy and a core portion which is covered by the outer layer and formed from a material having a thermal conductivity higher than that of the outer layer. Further, the melting point of the Ni-based alloy forming the outer layer is 1150° C. or more and 1350° C. or less.

Abstract: A spark plug having an insulator with improved breakage resistance. The spark plug has a cross-section that satisfies the following relationship: 0.6 mm<=L, where “A” represents a connection point between a support portion of the insulator and an insulator trunk portion formed at a front end side with respect to the support portion, where “B” represents a position closer to the outer circumference side among the positions of (a) an innermost position of a contact portion where the support portion and a packing are in contact with each other and (b) an intersection of the support portion and a virtual straight line that is parallel to an axial line of the spark plug and extends from an innermost circumferential end of a stepped portion of a metal shell, and where “L” represents a length of a path from point “A” to point “B” along a surface of the insulator.