Abstract: The current invention relates to an apparatus for performing a centrifugal field-flow fractionation. In particular, in the apparatus according to the invention, radial rotary shaft seals are used for sealing the rotating parts of the shaft for carrying out the centrifugal field-flow fractionation and the stationary parts. Furthermore, a separate line is introduced for reducing the pressure differential across these seals. In such way, the driving force driving sample fluid across the seals is reduced, thereby reducing leakage.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to systems for processing a unit of whole blood into its components while the unit is still in the centrifuge. The system comprises a container holding whole blood and one or more satellite bags or containers that are installed into a holder, which is then inserted into a bucket of the centrifuge. Tubes interconnect the containers, one or more of which are preferably installed into clamping mechanisms resident in the holder. The holder further preferably includes sensing means, such as optical sensors, to sense the location of the interfaces between the separated layers of the whole blood that result from rotation of the centrifuge.

Abstract: A drive assembly for a centrifugal processing system is provided for rotating the yoke assembly (36) about a first axis at a first angular velocity and rotating the chamber assembly (30 coaxially with the yoke assembly at a second angular velocity A drive motor (54) is provided for rotating the yoke assembly at the first angular velocity and simultaneously rotating the chamber assembly at the second angular velocity by means of a stationary first gear (64), a second gear (68) mounted to the yoke assembly that operatively engages the first gear, a third gear (74) rotatably mounted to the yoke assembly so as to synchronously rotate with the second gear, and a fourth gear (76) fixed to the chamber assembly that operatively engages the third gear so as to rotate the chamber assembly (30) relative to the yoke assembly (36) upon rotation of the yoke assembly about the first gear.

Abstract: A glass ceramic composition that contains a first ceramic including at least one of MgAl2O4 and Mg2SiO4; a second ceramic including BaO, RE2O3 (RE is a rare-earth element), and TiO2; glass containing each of 44.0 to 69.0 weight % of RO (R is an alkaline-earth metal), 14.2 to 30.0 weight % of SiO2, 10.0 to 20.0 weight % of B2O3, 0.5 to 4.0 weight % of Al2O3, 0.3 to 7.5 weight % of Li2O, and 0.1 to 5.5 weight % of MgO; and MnO.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lead-free glass for semiconductor encapsulation, which can encapsulate semiconductor devices at a low temperature and has an excellent acid durability, and an encapsulator for semiconductor encapsulation made of the glass. The glass comprises, as a glass composition, from 46 to 60% of SiO2, from 0 to 6% of Al2O3, from 13 to 30% of B2O3, from 0 to 10% of MgO, from 0 to 10% of CaO, from 0 to 20% of ZnO, from 9 to 25% of Li2O, from 0 to 15% of Na2O, from 0 to 7% of K2O, and from 0 to 8% of TiO2, in terms of % by mol, wherein a ratio by mol of Li2O to (Li2O+Na2O+K2O) is in the range from 0.48 to 1.00.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are glass-ceramics having crystalline phases including ?-spodumene ss and either (i) pseudobrookite or (ii) vanadium or vanadium containing compounds so as to be colored and opaque glass-ceramics having coordinates, determined from total reflectance—specular included—measurements, in the CIELAB color space of the following ranges: L*=from about 20 to about 45; a*=from about ?2 to about +2; and b*=from about ?12 to about +1. Such CIELAB color space coordinates can be substantially uniform throughout the glass-ceramics. In each of the proceeding, ?-quartz ss can be substantially absent from the crystalline phases. If present, ?-quartz ss can be less than about 20 wt % or, alternatively, less than about 15 wt % of the crystalline phases. Also Further crystalline phases might include spinel ss (e.g., hercynite and/or gahnite-hercynite ss), rutile, magnesium zinc phosphate, or spinel ss (e.g., hercynite and/or gahnite-hercynite ss) and rutile.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to a silica-titania-niobia glass and to a method for making the glass. The composition of the silica-titania-niobia (SiO2—TiO2—Nb2O5) glass, determined as the oxides, is Nb2O5 in an amount in the range of 0.005 wt. % to 1.2 wt. %, TiO2 in an amount in the range of 5 wt. % to 10 wt. %, and the remainder of glass is SiO2. In the method, the STN glass precursor is consolidated into a glass by heating to a temperature of 1600° C. to 1700° C. in flowing helium for 6 hours to 10 hours. When this temperature is reached, the helium flow can be replaced by argon for the remainder of the time. Subsequently the glass is cooled to approximately 1050° C., and then from 1050° C. to 700° C. followed by turning off the furnace and cooling the glass to room temperature at the natural cooling rate of the furnace.

Abstract: A sintered aluminum nitride substrate having a thermal conductivity of about 60 W/m-K to about 150 W/m-K, a flexural strength of about 200 MPa to about 325 MPa, a volume resistivity of greater than 1010 Ohm cm, a density of at least about 95% of theoretical, optionally at least 97%, and a reflectance factor of at least about 60% substantially over the wavelength range of 360 nm to 820 nm. A low temperature process for sintering aluminum nitride includes providing an AlN sintering formulation of AlN powder and a sintering aid of yttria, calcia, and optionally added alumina, forming the AlN sintering formulation into a green body, and sintering the green body at a temperature of about 1675° C. to 1750° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel metallocene compound, a catalyst composition comprising the same, and to olefinic polymers produced using the same. The metallocene compound according to the present invention and the catalyst composition comprising the same can be used when producing olefinic polymers, have outstanding copolymerisation properties, and can produce olefinic polymers of high molecular weight. In particular, when the metallocene compound according to the present invention is employed, highly heat resistant block copolymers can be produced, and olefinic polymers can be produced which have a high melting point (Tm) even if the comonomer content is increased when producing the olefinic polymer.

Abstract: A composite article includes a core layer and an upper layer overlying the core layer. The upper layer is made of perfluoroalkoxy polymer (PFA) and a photocatalytic material (PM), wherein the PM defines at least about 25% of a total area of an exterior surface of the upper layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cathode catalyst for an air secondary cell having both excellent oxygen reduction activity and excellent water oxidation activity, and an air secondary cell that uses the catalyst. The present invention relates to a cathode catalyst for an air secondary cell in which the catalyst contains a polynuclear metal complex.

Abstract: Methods for improving selectivity in heterogeneous catalysts, and products thereof, are disclosed. In exemplary embodiments, multifunctional oxygenates may be selectively converted to value-added products through reaction at a single functional position. Addition of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM), or SAM-like structures to a supported metal catalyst is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a Co/Al2O3/SiC catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis exhibiting superior heat transfer and mass transport effects, wherein an Al2O3/SiC support in which alumina is coated on silicon carbide (SiC) with superior thermal conductivity is used and cobalt (Co) is supported thereon as an active component to provide a bimodal pore size distribution, and a method for preparing same. Use of the Al2O3/SiC support improves cobalt dispersion and enhances cobalt-support interaction, thereby inhibiting generation of cokes (carbon filaments). As a result, catalyst stability is improved and conversion of syngas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) can be improved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a self-supported mixed metal sulfide (MMS) catalyst for hydrotreating hydrocarbon feedstock and to a method for preparing the catalyst. The self-supported MMS catalyst contains Ni:W in a mole ratio of 1:3 to 4:1, on a transition metal basis. The self supported MMS catalyst is characterized as having an HYD reaction rate constant of at least 15% higher than that of a catalyst comprising nickel sulfide alone or a catalyst comprising tungsten sulfide alone, when compared on same metal molar basis in hydrotreating of benzene as a feedstock at identical process conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a self-supported mixed metal sulfide (MMS) catalyst for hydrotreating hydrocarbon feedstock and to a method for preparing the catalyst. The self-supported MMS catalyst consists essentially of molybdenum sulfide and tungsten sulfide, wherein the catalyst contains at least 0.1 mol % of Mo and at least 0.1 mol % of W, on a transition metal basis.

Abstract: A self-supported mixed metal sulfide (MMS) catalyst for hydrotreating hydrocarbon feedstock is disclosed. The self-supported MMS catalyst is characterized by an HDN reaction rate constant of at least 100 g feed hr?1 g catalyst?1 assuming first order kinetics, and an HDS reaction rate constant of at least 550 g feed hr?1 g catalyst?1 assuming first order kinetics in hydrotreating of a Heavy Coker Gas Oil as a feedstock with properties indicated in Table A and at given process conditions as indicated in Table E. In one embodiment, the catalyst is characterized as having a multi-phased structure comprising five phases: a molybdenum sulfide phase, a tungsten sulfide phase, a molybdenum tungsten sulfide phase, an active nickel phase, and a nickel sulfide phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a self-supported mixed metal sulfide (MMS) catalyst for hydrotreating hydrocarbon feedstock and to a method for preparing the catalyst. The MMS catalyst has molar ratios of metal components Ni:Mo:W in a region defined by five points ABCDE of a ternary phase diagram, and wherein the five points ABCDE are defined as: A (Ni=0.72, Mo=0.00, W=0.25), B (Ni=0.25, Mo=0.00, W=0.75), C (Ni=0.25, Mo=0.25, W=0.50), D (Ni=0.60, Mo=0.25, W=0.15), E (Ni=0.72, Mo=0.13, W=0.15).

Abstract: The invention relates to a self-supported mixed metal sulfide (MMS) catalyst for hydrotreating hydrocarbon feedstock and to a method for preparing the catalyst. The MMS catalyst is characterized as having a multi-phased structure comprising five phases: a molybdenum sulfide phase, a tungsten sulfide phase, a molybdenum tungsten sulfide phase, an active nickel phase, and a nickel sulfide phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing a self-supported mixed metal sulfide (MMS) catalyst for hydrotreating hydrocarbon feedstock. The method comprises mixing a sufficient amount of a nickel (Ni) metal precursor, a sufficient amount of a molybdenum (Mo) metal precursor, and a sufficient amount of a tungsten (W) metal precursor to produce a catalyst precursor having a molar ratio Ni:Mo:W in relative proportions defined by a region of a ternary phase diagram showing transition metal elemental composition in terms of nickel, molybdenum, and tungsten mol-%, wherein the region is defined by five points ABCDE and wherein the five points are: A (Ni=0.72, Mo=0.00, W=0.28), B (Ni=0.55, Mo=0.00, W=0.45), C (Ni=0.48, Mo=0.14, W=0.38), D (Ni=0.48, Mo=0.20, W=0.33), E (Ni=0.62, Mo=0.14, W=0.24); and sulfiding the catalyst precursor under conditions sufficient to convert the catalyst precursor into a sulfide catalyst.

Abstract: Described is a product comprising an amount of particles having one or more multi-layered dots on their surface, each multi-layered dot consisting of two or more layers and having an innermost layer contacting the surface of the particle, and an outermost layer, wherein the innermost layer of the multi-layered dots consists of a first metal and the outermost layer of the multi-layered dots consists of a second metal, different from the first metal.

Abstract: An oil absorbing material is generally provided. The oil absorbing material can includes sorbent particles having an average aspect ratio of about 5 to about 500 and a mean average particle diameter of about 10 ?m to about 1 millimeter. The oil absorbing material comprises polypropylene, polyethylene, inorganic filler particles, and absorbent core material. In one embodiment, the sorbent particles can have an average specific surface area of about 0.25 to about 5.0 m2/g and can have a bulk density that is about 0.01 g/cm3 to about 0.8 g/cm3. Processes of making the oil absorbing material are also provided via a solid-state shear pulverization recycling process transforming absorbent article waste into the oil absorbing material. The process can include pulverizing the absorbent article waste to form sorbent particles while cooling the absorbent article waste in an amount sufficient to maintain the absorbent article waste in a solid state.

Abstract: A description is given of N-(1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)pyridinecarboxamides of the general formula (I) as herbicides. R in this formula (I) stands for radicals such as hydrogen, organic radicals, and other radicals such as halogen. W stands for a substituted pyridyl radical.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of increasing abiotic stress resistance enhancing soil nutrition of a plant, the method comprising applying a composition comprising Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus pumilus or a mutant thereof, to the plant, to a part of the plant and/or to an area around the plant or plant part. The invention also is directed to a method of enhancing soil nutrition comprising applying a composition comprising Bacillus subtilis or a mutant thereof to the soil.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for improving the compatibility of aqueous herbicide solutions containing at least one of a water soluble salt of an aryloxyalkanoic acid, a water soluble salt of a pyridyloxyalkanoic acid, and a water soluble salt of glyphosate by adding a surface active compatibilizer are provided.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for improving the compatibility of aqueous herbicide solutions containing at least one of a water soluble salt of an aryloxyalkanoic acid, a water soluble salt of a pyridyloxyalkanoic acid, and a water soluble salt of glyphosate, and optionally ?16% of one or more fertilizers, such as ammonium sulfate, by adding certain polymeric crystallization inhibitors are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are herbicidal compositions comprising a synergistically herbicidal effective amount of (a) aminocyclopyrachlor, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof, and (b) clopyralid, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Also disclosed herein are methods of controlling undesirable vegetation, which comprise applying to vegetation or an area adjacent the vegetation or applying to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation (a) aminocyclopyrachlor, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof, and (b) clopyralid, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof, wherein (a) and (b) are each added in an amount sufficient to produce a synergistic herbicidal effect.

Abstract: An herbicidal synergistic composition containing (a) fluroxypyr and (b) an ALS inhibitor herbicide, in which the ALS inhibitor herbicide is penoxsulam, halosulfuron-methyl, imazamox or imazethapyr, provides improved post-emergence weed control in rice, cereal and grain crops, pastures, rangelands, IVM and turf.

Abstract: Use of N-(1,2,5-Oxadiazol-3-yl)benzamides of formula (I) or salts thereof for controlling unwanted plants in areas of transgenic crop plants being tolerant to HPPD inhibitor herbicides by containing one or more chimeric gene(s) comprising (I) a DNA sequence encoding hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) derived from a member of a group of organisms consisting of (a) Avena, (b) Pseudomonas, (c) Synechococcoideae, (d) Blepharismidae, (e) Rhodococcus, (f) Picrophilaceae, (g) Kordia, or (II) comprising one or more mutated DNA sequences of HPPD encoding genes of the before defined organisms.

Abstract: Methods for reducing leaf senescence in plants or portions thereof by treating them with a solid preparation of methyl dihydrojasmonate are disclosed, as are appropriate solid preparations of methyl dihydrojasmonate. The solid preparations may be applied, for example, to the roots or to the growth medium of the plants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for enhancing the performance of a pesticide comprising the step of contacting an adjuvant and the pesticide, wherein the pesticide is present in a concentration of less than 10 wt % in the resulting composition containing the adjuvant and the pesticide, and wherein the adjuvant contains a guanidine of formula (A) as defined below, and/or a salt thereof. The invention also relates to a composition comprising an auxin-herbicide and said adjuvant; to a use of said adjuvant for enhancing the performance of a pesticide; and to a method of controlling undesired vegetation, which comprises allowing a herbicidal effective amount of said composition to act on plants, their habitat or on seed of said plants.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of an ethylene synthesis or perception inhibitor for treating stressed or unstressed banana plant or plant parts in the field prior to harvest. Because the pre-mature ripening is triggered by ethylene produced by the plant, such inhibitor can be sprayed or gassed on the fruit while it is in the plantation (on the tree) to protect and avoid the pre-mature ripening of fruit left on for the full growth period of 12-14 weeks (instead of 11 weeks or less). The invention, therefore, enables the banana growers to leave the fruit on the tree for the full growth period (even under certain stress), thereby gaining a yield benefit without the problem of pre-mature ripening in transit.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing an oxide superconductor, including preparing a coating solution containing alcohols including methanol as a solvent, the coating solution dissolving fluorocarboxylic acid salts including trifluoroacetates, the trifluoroacetates including a metal, barium and copper, the metal being selected from yttrium and lanthanoid metals (provided that cerium, praseodymium, promethium, and ruthenium are excluded); adding a substance of formula: CF2H—(CF2)n—COOH or HOCO—(CF2)m—COOH (wherein n and m represent positive integers) as a crack preventing chemical to the coating solution; forming a gel film on a substrate using the coating solution having the crack preventing chemical added thereto; forming a calcined film by calcining the gel film at an oxygen partial pressure of 3% or less in a process that is maintained at 200° C. or higher for a total time of 7 hours or less; and forming an oxide superconductor film by firing and oxygen anneal of the calcined film.

Abstract: A magnet system generates a highly stable magnetic field at a sample location. The magnet system has a magnet cryostat housing a first superconducting magnet coil and a second magnet coil co-axial to the first magnet coil. The second magnet coil is short-circuited in a superconducting persistent mode during operation of the magnet system. An external power supply during operation supplies current to the first magnet coil via a current lead thereby generating a first magnetic field at the sample location that fluctuates according to the current noise of the power supply, wherein the second magnet coil is positioned and dimensioned in a way that it inductively couples to the first magnet coil such that it generates at the sample location a second magnetic field that compensates the fluctuations of the first magnetic field.

Abstract: The present invention provides a MgB2 multi-core wire including a plurality of MgB2 single-core wires having a MgB2 superconducting core part and a metal sheath part the metal sheath part is provided on the outer surface of the MgB2 superconducting core part, wherein a plurality of the MgB2 single-core wires is bound with each other, and a gap is provided between a plurality of the MgB2 single-core wires, and a refrigerant for flowing in the gap in a direction of a longitudinal axis of the MgB2 single-core wires.

Abstract: In a coated high-temperature superconducting wire 1 in which a superconducting yttrium-based wire (high-temperature superconducting wire) 2 having a rectangular cross section is coated by an insulating layer 6, the insulating layer 6 is an electrodeposited film made of block copolymerized polyimide which contains siloxane bonds in a polyimide main chain and which has molecules with anionic groups. A coil formed from the superconducting yttrium-based wire 2 is impregnated with epoxy resin, and the epoxy resin is cured. The coil is configured such that the epoxy resin is completely separated from the superconducting yttrium-based wire 2 by the insulating layer 6.

Abstract: A superconducting device (1; 1a, 1b), having a coated conductor (2) with a substrate (3) and a quenchable superconducting film (4), wherein the coated conductor (2) has a width W and a length L, is characterized in that 0.5?L/W?10, in particular 0.5?L/W?8, and that the coated conductor (2) has an engineering resistivity ?eng shunting the superconducting film (4) in a quenched state, with ?eng>2.5?, wherein RIntShunt=?eng*L/W, with RIntShunt: internal shunt resistance of the coated conductor (2). The risk of a burnout of a superconducting device in case of a quench in its superconducting film is thereby further reduced.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for assessing the presence and risk of developing type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease in a subject by detecting sequence variation in DACH1 (Dachshund homolog 1) gene. A kit and device useful for such a method are also provided. In addition, the present invention provides a method for treating type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease in patients who have been tested and shown to have the pertinent genetic variations.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system and method for the detection of rare mutations and copy number variations in cell free polynucleotides. Generally, the systems and methods comprise sample preparation, or the extraction and isolation of cell free polynucleotide sequences from a bodily fluid; subsequent sequencing of cell free polynucleotides by techniques known in the art; and application of bioinformatics tools to detect rare mutations and copy number variations as compared to a reference. The systems and methods also may contain a database or collection of different rare mutations or copy number variation profiles of different diseases, to be used as additional references in aiding detection of rare mutations, copy number variation profiling or general genetic profiling of a disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and products for the localized or spatial detection of nucleic acid in a tissue sample and in particular to a method for localized detection of nucleic acid in a tissue sample comprising: (a) providing an array comprising a substrate on which multiple species of capture probes are directly or indirectly immobilized such that each species occupies a distinct position on the array and is oriented to have a free 3? end to enable said probe to function as a primer for a primer extension or ligation reaction, wherein each species of said capture probe comprises a nucleic acid molecule with 5? to 3?: (i) a positional domain that corresponds to the position of the capture probe on the array, and (ii) a capture domain; (b) contacting said array with a tissue sample such that the position of a capture probe on the array may be correlated with a position in the tissue sample and allowing nucleic acid of the tissue sample to hybridize to the capture domain in said capture probes;

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for identifying a tumor as likely to metastasize, or likely to have metastasized, comprising obtaining a sample of the tumor and quantitating alternatively spliced mRNA isoforms of a cell motility gene, a cell adhesion gene and/or an actin cytoskeletal remodeling gene in the sample, or any specified genes or the level of RNA binding proteins compared to a predetermined non-metastasizing control.

Abstract: Described herein are technologies pertaining to computationally-efficiently performing genome-wide association studies. Feature selection methods are used to identify genetic markers for addressing potential confounding in the data. Then, single SNPs, or groups of genetic markers are analyzed to ascertain whether such groups are causal or tagging of causal as to a specified phenotype, after taking in to account the feature-selected SNPs. Group and univariate analysis is accomplished by way of analyzing a group of genetic markers conditioned upon other genetic markers that are found to be predictive of the specified phenotype.

Abstract: Provided are histidyl-tRNA synthetase variant polypeptides, X-ray crystallographic and NMR spectroscopy structures of HRS polypeptides, and related compositions and methods for therapy and drug discovery.

Abstract: A multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay that targets nine tetranucleotide short tandem repeat (STR) markers in the mouse genome. Unique profiles were obtained from seventy-two mouse samples that were used to determine the allele distribution for each STR marker. Correlations between allele fragment length and repeat number were determined with DNA Sanger sequencing. Genotypes for L929 and NIH3T3 cell lines were shown to be stable with increasing passage numbers as there were no significant differences in fragment length with samples of low passage when compared to high passage samples. In order to detect cell line contaminants, primers for two human STR markers were incorporated into the multiplex assay to facilitate detection of human and African green monkey DNA. This multiplex assay is the first of its kind to provide a unique STR profile for each individual mouse sample and can be used to authenticate mouse cell lines.

Abstract: Disclosed herein, in certain instances, are methods, systems and kits for the diagnosis, prognosis and determination of cancer progression of a cancer in a subject. Further disclosed herein, in certain instances, are methods, systems and kits for determining the treatment modality of a cancer in a subject. The methods, systems and kits comprise expression-based analysis of biomarkers. Further disclosed herein, in certain instances, are probe sets for use in assessing a cancer status in a subject.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and compositions for identifying patients with SSc or scleroderma who are responders to MMF treatment.

Abstract: The invention is directed to tumor associated markers (TAMs) and autoantibody biomarkers that can be used diagnostically.

Abstract: Improved methods for use in nucleic acid amplification, including multiplex amplification, where the amplification is carried out in two or more distinct phases are disclosed. The first phase amplification reaction preferably lacks one or more components required for exponential amplification. The lacking component is subsequently provided in a second, third or further phase(s) of amplification, resulting in a rapid exponential amplification reaction. The multiphase protocol results in faster and more sensitive detection and lower variability at low analyte concentrations. Compositions for carrying out the claimed methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to kits and methods for assessing the susceptibility of a human to oxidative stress or damage. The methods involve assessing occurrence in the human's genome of one or more polymorphisms (e.g., single nucleotide polymorphisms) that occur in one or more genes associated with oxidative stress and that are associated with a disorder in humans. Preferred assessment and scoring methods are disclosed, as are kit for performing the methods.

Abstract: Described are embodiments related to gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NEN) biomarkers and agents, systems, and kits for detecting the same, and associated GEP-NEN diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive methods and uses thereof, such as detection, prediction, staging, profiling, classification, and monitoring treatment efficacy and other outcomes.

Abstract: A method for selecting a person at risk for lung cancer to undergo radiographic testing is provided. The method provides for the identification of markers for lung cancer in a population of patients that have not previously diagnosed with the disease. The markers identify autoantibodies present in a fluid sample of a patient who may not show other symptoms of lung cancer.