Abstract: According to one aspect, a quick disconnect connector is provided. The quick disconnect connector includes a first component and a second component which is matable with the first component. A releasing element is engageable with at least one of the first component and the second component to unmate the first component and the second component. A locking element is movable between a locked position and an unlocked position. The locking element, in the locked position, engages the releasing element to prevent the releasing element from unmating the first component and the second component. The locking element is movable from the unlocked position to the locked position by application of a locking force to the locking element. The locking force can be applied to the locking element by fluid being carried by the quick-disconnect connector.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a pipe connector which comprises one main body, one first gripper and one second gripper; wherein the first gripper is installed on one end of the main body and the second gripper installed on the other end of the main body; and first gripper and second gripper face different directions. The present invention complements each other to increase the number of pipe combination and does not require pipe connectors specially manufactured to correspond to other quantities.

Abstract: Luer connector including a primary Luer male connector having a secondary female section extending from a top distal part of the primary Luer male connector back towards a proximal part thereof, the primary Luer male connector including a first inner fluid flow channel extending from a proximal end thereof to the secondary female section, the first inner fluid flow channel having a diameter of approximately d1 increasing at a connection point between the first inner fluid flow channel and the secondary female section to form a neck N, the secondary female section having an internal diameter of d2 at a top distal part of the primary Luer male connector where d1 is smaller than d2, the primary Luer male connector being configured to mate with a primary Luer female connector having a secondary male section including a second inner fluid flow channel having an internal diameter of approximately d1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for reinforcing a connection tube having an expansion part, and to a connection tube having an expansion part reinforced by said method, characterized in that, in the method, a reinforcing tube manufactured using a homogeneous or heterogeneous synthetic resin, which is mounted on the outer surface of one end of a tube body formed by extruding a synthetic resin, and said tube body, in which the expansion part is to be formed, are heated to the glass transition temperature thereof. Then, the end of the tube body is fitted and fixed into an external former mold for expansion within a range in which said reinforcing tube is mounted, and an expansion member is inserted into the tube body so as to expand and form the end of the tube body on which the reinforcing tube is mounted.

Abstract: A bayonet fastening which can be used to connect two pipeline components, in particular connection elements. The pipeline components which are to be connected respectively comprise a cylindrical receiving part (1) and the second pipeline component comprises an insertion part (2) which can be introduced into the receiving part. A clamping ring (3) is arranged on the outer diameter of the insertion part and the receiving part can be pushed onto said clamping ring. The bayonet fastening can be locked by rotating the receiving part and the insertion part in relation to one another.

Abstract: A voltage control system for a wind turbine generator may include a reactive power regulator configured to control reactive power production by the wind turbine generator by adjusting a voltage setpoint for the generator. The reactive power regulator may have a first time constant and the voltage setpoint may be defined between an upper limit and a lower limit. The system may also include a voltage limit regulator configured to adjust at least one of the upper limit or the lower limit for the voltage setpoint based on a voltage-related parameter. In addition, the system may include a voltage regulator coupled to the reactive power regulator. The voltage regulator may be configured to control real power production by the wind turbine generator based on the voltage setpoint. The voltage regulator may have a second time constant, wherein the first time constant is numerically greater than the second time constant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of reactive power regulation in a wind turbine comprising a local reactive power control system adapted to operate in a central control mode and a local control mode, a method of reactive power regulation in a wind park connected to an electrical grid, and to a wind park.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for forming an electromechanical device are disclosed. In some embodiments, an electromechanical device includes a first substrate; a second substrate; a rotor movably disposed in the first and second substrates and having a plurality of first turbine blades disposed on a first side of the rotor and a plurality of permanent magnets disposed on a second side of the rotor, wherein the plurality of permanent magnets are arranged about a central axis of the rotor, wherein adjacent permanent magnets have opposing magnetic poles; a channel disposed between the first and second substrates and a peripheral edge of the rotor; a plurality of microballs disposed in the channel to provide a bearing for the rotor; a third substrate disposed proximate the second side of the rotor and having a plurality of coils disposed therein such that rotation of the rotor induces current the plurality of coils.

Abstract: Tidal and wind turbines utilize a hydraulic drive-train to transfer the kinetic energy in moving currents to a generator located ground level for producing electricity for the grid. A rotor shaft transfers the mechanical energy from the rotors to a hydraulic pump which converts the mechanical energy into fluid energy which is transferred to a high pressure manifold and then to hydraulic motor for converting the fluid energy into rotational mechanical energy which spins a generator coupled to the motor. A high pressure manifold is coupled to a hydraulic accumulator for storing the fluid energy for later use.

Abstract: An electrical generator is provided that generates electricity when bending of conductor layers and a magnetic field layer causes movement of the conductors relative to a magnetic field provided by the magnetic field layer.

Abstract: An electrical generating method is provided that generates electricity when bending of a first flexible plurality of conductors, a second flexible plurality of conductors and a flexible magnetic field source causes movement of the conductors relative to a magnetic field provided by the magnetic field source.

Abstract: A subsurface floating cluster of current energy converters is disclosed. A cluster consists of many nodes on a single mooring cable. Two converters, rotating in opposite direction, are connected as a pair. At least two pairs, four converters, are connected to each node. Each converter consists of a rotor with curved blades, a transmission, and an electrical generator. A computer on the mother ship, that tows the cluster, controls the rotating rate of every rotor in the cluster. Each node moves vertically or horizontally according to the rotation-rate-differential in each pair of rotors. Each node seeks and remains in peak velocity region, or at a predetermined water depth, to convert kinetic energy to electricity with an optimal efficiency. This invention has characteristics of simplicity in design, using artificial intelligence to achieve high efficiency in peak speed region of an ocean current, incremental capacity, and mobility.

Abstract: A waste-watermill for generating electrical energy from a flow of waste water running through an underground waste-water conduit. The flow of waste water defines a free surface and a flow direction inside the waste water conduit. The waste-watermill comprises 1) a water wheel for being driven by the flow of waste water in an undershot configuration, 2) an axle for defining an rotational axis for the water wheel, where the flow of waste water passes below and transverse to the rotational axis in the undershot configuration, 3) a wheel support for rotationally supporting the water wheel in the undershot configuration and in a stationary position relative to the underground waste-water conduit, and 4) an electric generator operatively connected with the water wheel and the axle for being driven by the water wheel to produce electrical energy.

Abstract: An embodiment of a building may include a wind-energy-conversion system with a duct that may be a substantially vertical converging nozzle. An energy extractor may be fluidly coupled to the duct. For some embodiments, a space within the building may be part of the wind-energy-conversion system and may be fluidly coupled to the energy extractor by the duct.

Abstract: The present application is directed to a tethered airborne wind power generator system including a plurality of pilot buoyant parafoils, at least one power generator parafoil, a nacelle and its twin-blimps, and a train of windsock propellers. The plurality of pilot buoyant parafoils is inter-connected via a composite cable. The power generator parafoil with built-in wind turbines can be suspended beneath the pilot buoyant parafoils via the composite cable. The nacelle is suspended beneath the power generator parafoil via a composite cable. A train of windsock propellers can be coupled to a rear end of the nacelle. The system shall also be applicable on ground by the deployment of an array of trains of windsock propellers hung onto a steel cable grid supported by steel towers to form a wind farm for power generation. The trains of windsock propellers rotating by wind drive their respective outboard generators to generate electrical power.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a magnetic motor including a drive magnet, a motion magnet, and an acceleration field. The drive magnet includes magnetic shielding, typically on a portion thereof, altering the magnetic field of the drive magnet. In some embodiments, the motion magnet has a cross-section that is generally in the shape of a ‘V’ or ‘A’. The acceleration field is created by the interaction between the drive magnet and the motion magnet as the motion magnet is passed through the altered magnetic field of the drive magnet. The altered magnetic field of the drive magnet may often be near a first end of the drive magnet. In further embodiments, the motion magnet can be operably coupled to an output shaft and rotate around the central axis of the output shaft. The present disclosure, also relates to a device, including the magnetic motor, for generating energy from a turbine.

Abstract: Provided is a hybrid construction machine including: a hydraulic actuator; a hydraulic pump which discharges hydraulic fluid for driving the hydraulic actuator; a generator-motor which performs an electric generator action of generating electric power and an electric motor action of generating motive power; an engine connected to the hydraulic pump and the motor-generator; an electrical storage device; and a controller which causes the generator-motor to perform the electric generator action and charge the electrical storage device and causes the generator-motor to perform the electric motor action by electric power discharged from the electrical storage device to assist the engine. The controller causes the generator-motor to start the electric generator action when an engine output becomes equal to or greater than a predetermined engine lower limit output, and controls the electric generator action to keep the engine output no lower than the engine lower limit output.

Abstract: A power generation system is disclosed for supplying power to an electrical grid. The system comprises an engine (1) and an electrical generator (3) coupled to the engine for generating an electrical output. Power electronics (6) are provided for converting the output of the electrical generator into an AC output at the operating frequency of the electrical grid. The engine is operated at a speed which is non-synchronous with the operating frequency of the electrical grid and at which the brake specific fuel consumption of the engine is minimised. The power electronics may also facilitate waste heat recovery and the connection of external energy sources.

Abstract: A two step link hood latch apparatus for a vehicle allows a hood to be opened only with an operation of a release handle inside a vehicle. The apparatus includes a claw, the pawl, a pivot, and a link. The claw is disposed at a base plate to be rotatable, restrains a hood striker through a stop groove, and is restrained to a pawl through first and second stop ends in first step and second step lock states. The pawl is disposed at the base plate to be rotatable, and restrains the rotation of the claw in steps by using the stop protrusion. The pivot is disposed at the base plate to be rotatable in a hinge structure, and transmits a pulling force generated from the release handle. The link connects the pivot and the pawl and rotates the pawl in linkage with the pivot.

Abstract: A toggle type fastener to releaseably couple a fixed object and a movable object to each other includes a pedestal that is structured to be fixed to the movable object, a toggle lever pivotally coupled to the pedestal, a latching arm pivotally coupled to the toggle lever, a looseness prevention element that prevents movement of the movable object. The looseness prevention element is attached to the latching arm and sized to be hooked to a hooked member that is structured to be fixed to the fixed object.

Abstract: A latch device includes: a base plate; an open lever rotatably attached to the base plate; a biasing unit that biases the open lever; and an electric release unit to be installed in an electric release type latch device in which the open lever is operated by power and a manual release unit to be installed in a manual release type latch device in which the open lever is manually operated are capable of being selectively installed in the base plate. The open lever includes an action end portion to press a ratchet engaged with a latch and disengaging the ratchet from the latch. The biasing unit biases the open lever. The manual release unit is provided with a manual release stopping unit to abut against a driven portion.

Abstract: In a vehicle, a striker engages with a latch which engages with a ratchet. A door of the vehicle is closed. A motion-transmitting path for transmitting power to the ratchet from an electric drive mechanism is provided. A release-canceling mechanism connects or cuts off the motion-transmitting path. When the ratchet is released from the latch, the door-cooperating lever cuts off the release-canceling mechanism to enable the ratchet to engage with the latch again. Hence the door is closed.

Abstract: A latch includes a first locking bolt, where a first extended position of the first locking bolt defines a first locked condition and a first retracted position defines a first unlocked condition. The latch also includes a second locking bolt, where a second extended position of the second locking bolt defines a second locked condition and a second retracted position defines a second unlocked condition. A biasing member operatively connects to the first locking bolt to bias the first locking bolt in the first extended position. A lever pivotally connects to the housing and operatively connects to the first locking bolt such that movement of the lever from a closed position to an opened position causes at least the first locking bolt to move from the first extended position to the first retracted position. A locking indicator is provided in associated with the second locking bolt.

Abstract: A latch mechanism used in conjunction with a dual door access system, wherein the dual door access system is actuated between a latched position and an open position by the latch mechanism using a dual pawl design which is configured such that each door in the dual door access system has its own dedicated latch pawl within the latch mechanism for retaining the doors in the latched position.

Abstract: A latching system connects a case lid with a plurality of catch cavities to a case body with a plurality of latch-clasp cavities. The latching system has a plurality of latch-clasps connected to the case body with a latch-clasp pivot. A communicating member is attached to each latch clasp with a communicating member pivot. A slide switch is mechanically coupled to the communicating member and has an open mode of operation and a closed mode of operation. Moving the slide switch to the open mode of operation moves the plurality of latch-clasps into each latch-clasp cavity which permits movement of the case lid distant the case body. Moving the slide switch to the closed mode of operation moves the plurality of latch-clasps into each catch cavity which prevents movement of the case lid distant the case body.

Abstract: Providing a bumper absorbing large amount of impact energy with respect to both a light collision and a heavy collision, and preventing the reinforcement beam from bending and protruding backward at a portion where an obstacle collides and from displacing backward in this protruding state. Provided is a bumper for vehicles including a reinforcement beam made of metal and a pair of support members having a hollow cross section, protruding from a vehicle frame, and supporting the reinforcement beam therebetween. A quenched region is provide over a portion including a middle of the reinforcement beam. Unquenched portions are provided on the pair of connecting portions or a pair of adjacent portions inside the pair of connecting portions.

Abstract: An impact absorbing device for a vehicle may include a bumper beam disposed to extend in a traverse direction of a vehicle, a side member extending in a longitudinal direction of the vehicle and disposed at a lateral side of the vehicle in the traverse direction thereof, a crash box connecting the bumper beam in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle to the side member, a fender apron member disposed at outer sides of the side member in the traverse direction of the vehicle, a connecting member connecting the fender apron member and the side member, and a side crash box of which a front tip end may be mounted to an outer portion of the bumper beam positioned at an outer direction of the side member in the traverse direction of the vehicle, and of which a rear tip end may be disposed to be spaced apart from the connecting member at a predetermined interval therebetween.

Abstract: An impact absorbing device for a vehicle may include a bumper beam having a hollow cross section which extends in a traverse direction of the vehicle, and crash boxes interposed between the bumper beam and a vehicle body in a longitudinal direction of the vehicle at both distal portions of the bumper beam, wherein rear surfaces of the both distal portions in the bumper beam include an opening formed so as to communicate with the hollow cross section of the bumper beam, wherein a rib may be formed at the opening of the bumper beam in a traverse direction of the opening, and wherein the crash box includes a front tip end inserted through the opening while being fitted to the rib to extend up to an inside of the hollow cross section, and a rear tip end mounted to the vehicle body in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.

Abstract: A wearable animal waste collection device comprising a wearable structure configured to be worn by a user, the wearable structure including an attachment portion for removably engaging a direct collection device wherein the direct collection device is configured to directly collect an animal waste before the animal waste reaches a ground surface is provided. An associated method is also provided.

Abstract: A pet waste collection and disposal device may be utilized to safely dispose of animal waste. The device includes a handle and actuation component, an elongated shaft component, and a capture mechanism.

Abstract: A car seat carrying device utilized to carry a car seat, that includes a tubular elongated body that serves as a main support of the car seat carrying device and a pair of adjustable handles that are disposed on the proximal end and the distal end of the generally elongated body, wherein the adjustable handles are slidably retracted and extended outward. The car seat carrying device also includes a pair of permanent handles that extend perpendicularly from the elongated body and receive and accommodate the car seat to be lifted and carried by the car seat carrying device and a snap-on attachment device that removably secures the car seat between the permanent handles of the car seat carrying device and the snap-on attachment device that is disposed on the elongated body.

Abstract: A clamp and hoisting device serves the dual purpose of preventing a sleeve over a tubular or column like structure from sliding in an axial direction and also provides a connection point for a hoisting device. The device includes first and second arms composed of a plurality of arcuate links. Each arm is connected to an upper connector block and a lower connector block. The two arms are positioned over the tubular and the two lower connector blocks are secured to each other thereby forming a clamp. The upper connector block includes a connection point for attachment to a hoisting mechanism so that the clamp also serves as an attachment point for a hoisting mechanism.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for vacuum gripping that may be used in a vacuum transfer system. The vacuum gripping device includes a supply passage extending from the lower end of the sidewall of a gripper body having a discharge passage therein to a suction hole provided below the lower end of the discharge passage. Further, an air guide is mounted to the lower end of the gripper body. The air guide is designed to move compressed air only upward from the lower part of the discharge passage by providing a rounded structure (R) in the supply passage. Thus, the vacuum gripping device of this invention can prevent even a small amount of compressed air from undesirably flowing to a suction pad part placed in a lower part of the vacuum gripping device, so the gripping device can quickly and efficiently vacuum-hold an object.

Abstract: A hand-held remote access device, such as a gripping tool, includes a jaw portion having a pair of jaws movable relative to each other between fully clamped and fully opened positions thereof, a handle portion spaced apart from the jaw portion by a bendable central portion that has a hollow, corrugated member having alternating ridges and grooves that is bendable so as to attain a predetermined shape.

Abstract: A vehicle with a front fascia and a decorative badge integrated with the fascia. A rear surface of the badge is attached to a front portion of the fascia. The portion of the fascia to which the badge is attached is the badge mounting region, and the fascia's portion surrounding the badge mounting region is the fascia surrounding region. A radar system mounted behind the fascia emits radar beams in forward direction, which are intercepted by the fascia and the badge in the badge mounting region, and by the fascia, in the fascia surrounding region The rear surface of the fascia in the badge mounting region is indented the amount of the badge's average thickness, and the cumulative average thickness of the badge and the fascia material in the badge mounting region remains uniform throughout, equal to the average thickness of the fascia in the fascia surrounding region.

Abstract: A trim panel having at least one bracket portion which is releasably coupled to a bracket member having a clip receiving assembly. A clip is received in the clip receiving assembly and adapted to couple to a car body. The clip is a high retention clip adapted to retain the trim panel on the car body during an air curtain deployment event. The trim panel is further adapted to be removeable from the bracket member to allow access to an underlying air curtain deployment mechanism. The trim panel is adapted to be removed from the bracket member while the bracket member and clip assembly remain coupled to a car body in a vehicle interior.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a decorative element, notably for use associated with a motor vehicle instrument panel, the decorative element having a three-dimensional shape, the decorative element comprising a first face and a second face, the first face being visible to a user of the instrument panel and the second face being provided on the opposite side from the first face, the three-dimensional shape of the decorative element being obtained during a process of thermoforming of the decorative element, the decorative element comprising a multitude of elements printed on the second face, and the second face together with the printed elements resulting in an effective surface on the second face that is such that the effective surface has, at the locations of the printed elements, portions that are raised by comparison with the locations from which the printed elements are absent.

Abstract: A tri-extruded molding for mounting within a vehicle roof ditch. The tri-extruded molding is produced as an elongated trim defining component and is constructed of a rigid substrate material, a first UV graded thermoplastic elastomer applied over the exterior of the rigid substrate, with a second thermoplastic elastomer formed as a pair of laterally projecting wings along exterior and outwardly opposite edges of the rigid substrate and in communicating fashion with the jointly extruded edges of the first thermoplastic elastomer. A plurality of fasteners are seated within the track for mounting the molding to the vehicle roof ditch. A single production line process is disclosed for tri-extruding the three components into a roof ditch molding and includes a handling operation with opposing dies surfaces for compressing therebetween an initial straight length of extrusion for forming into a desired final shape.

Abstract: Emergency vehicle patient transport systems are disclosed. In one embodiment, an emergency vehicle patient transport system includes: a loading passage providing access to an interior of an emergency vehicle; one or more tracks coupled to a floor of the emergency vehicle, a ceiling of the emergency vehicle, a wall of the emergency vehicle or combinations thereof wherein, a travel path is delineated by the one or more tracks; and a chair slidingly engaged with the one or more tracks, and vertically positioned between the floor and the ceiling. The chair locks in one or more set positions. And, the one or more set positions are selected from a group consisting of an airway care position, an extended airway care position, a procedural care position, a responder position, a patient care position, and a patient load position.

Abstract: A lid lock structure for a saddle type vehicle that can achieve a reduction in the weight of a vehicle body cover while a lock member is attached to a vehicle body cover side. The lid lock structure for a saddle type vehicle includes a lock member capable of locking a lid in a closed state that is fixed to an upper inner cover and placed on upper frames below the upper inner cover.

Abstract: A storage structure of a saddle riding type vehicle with enhanced ease of storage and removal of small storage articles. An article storage unit is provided so as to include an opening in a rear surface of a front portion cover and at a position facing a rider and to be longer in a longitudinal length extending in a vehicle longitudinal direction relative to a height direction. In addition, a removable tray including riser walls along its periphery is disposed at a position closer to a lid than an inner wall of the article storage unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of coated mouldings consisting of impact modified polymethacrylate with high molecular weight as windows for passenger cars or utility vehicles.

Abstract: A vehicle door includes a run channel including a molded rubber part that is molded using a mold and an extruded part that is molded by extrusion molding. A covering lip is formed on the molded rubber part in such a manner as to extend rearward from an inner side of the molded rubber part. A mounting hole is covered by the covering lip. The covering lip and an extruded lip are accommodated in a recess of a corner garnish and clamped between a flange and the corner garnish, so that the molded rubber part is strongly fixed to the upper corner of the door sash.

Abstract: A vehicle door includes an elongated upper door beam and an elongated lower door beam each fixed horizontally to an inner surface of a door outer panel. Respective ends of the door beams are fixed to the inner surface of the door outer panel by fixing members. A portion of the upper door beam at an intermediate position between the ends in a longitudinal direction is coupled to the inner surface of the door outer panel by a first coupling bracket and a second coupling bracket with a seal member (a mastic sealer) interposed between the coupling brackets and the inner surface. A harness for a window regulator and a wire harness for an outer handle are installed inside a door main body. The wire harness is mounted on the first coupling bracket and the second coupling bracket.

Abstract: A guide (10) for a sliding door, in particular of a vehicle (V), includes: a first straight section (11), a second straight section (12), a curved section (11C), in particular the curved section (11C) being located between the first straight section (11) and the second straight section (12), the guide (10) including a first portion (20) having a substantially inverted U-shaped cross-section and including a first side wall (21), an intermediate wall (21I) and a second side wall (22) facing the first side wall (21). The first straight section (11) and the second straight section (12) of the guide (10) include an intermediate wall (21I) so realized as to include at least one corrugation (23).

Abstract: An aerodynamic device 24 for fitting to a vehicle 1 comprising a load compartment 10 having a roof 16 with front section 22, which is the section of the roof 16 towards an edge 20 of the roof 16 that is forward-most in relation to the direction of travel of the vehicle 1. The device 24 has an air guiding member 26 and an attachment structure 32 for attaching the member 26 to the vehicle 1 in a first, active position in spaced apart relation to the front section 22 of the roof 16 thereby to define an airway 34 between the member 26 and the front section 22 of the roof 16.

Abstract: A composite sheet material and method for forming the same is provided that includes a substrate, a matrix, and a cover sheet. The substrate has a first face surface, a second face surface, and a plurality of edges, and includes a thermoplastic material. The matrix is attached to the substrate. The matrix includes a support component having a first melting point, and a thermoplastic component having a second melting point. The second melting point is less than the first melting point. The cover sheet imparts one or more surface characteristics to the composite sheet material during thermo-pressure formation of the composite sheet material.

Abstract: A vehicle has rear lights (3) attached laterally to the rear of the vehicle (1). To improve the vehicle with regard to the aerodynamics, the two rear lights (3) can be moved in each case depending on requirements between a passive and an active position, in which at least one airflow breakaway edge is activated.

Abstract: A vehicle having an extendable bed assembly includes a loading bed and a tailgate pivotally connected to, and positioned upright over the loading bed. A sliding member is retained within the tailgate. To extend the bed assembly, the tailgate is laid down, and the sliding member is extended out rearwards from the tailgate, by unlocking the locking mechanism. The tailgate and the sliding member append the loading bed, to form primary and secondary extensions, respectively, constituting a fully extended bed. A bed grille is slid to the rearmost portion of the extended bed, and fixedly positioned there. The bed grille includes a central member, and a left flap and a right flap pivotally connected to it. The flaps are rotated outwards, to an orientation perpendicular to the central member, forming a U-shaped structure, which acts as a support for the items loaded over the extended portion of the bed assembly.

Abstract: An impact deflection and absorption structure for a vehicle having a vehicle body that includes a passenger compartment and an under-hood compartment. The impact deflection and absorption structure includes a frame having a frame rail configured to support the vehicle body. The impact deflection and absorption structure also includes a bumper assembly secured to the frame rail. The bumper assembly includes an impact beam arranged substantially transverse to the frame rail and a lateral member secured to the impact beam. The lateral member projects away from the impact beam and is configured to counteract impact energy that is directed substantially parallel to the frame rail into the frame rail and away from the under-hood compartment and the passenger compartment. A vehicle employing the impact deflection and absorption structure is also disclosed.