Abstract: A system includes a turbine combustor, which includes a first wall disposed about a combustion chamber, a second wall disposed about the first wall, and a third wall disposed about the second wall. The third wall is configured to combine an exhaust gas with an oxidant and the combustion chamber is configured to combust a mixture of a fuel, the oxidant, and the exhaust gas.

Abstract: An axial swirler, in particular for premixing of oxidizer and fuel in gas turbines, includes a series of swirl vanes with a streamline cross-section. Each swirl vane has a leading edge, a trailing edge, and a suction side and a pressure side extending each between the leading and trailing edges. The swirl vanes are arranged around a swirler axis, wherein the leading edges extend essentially in radial direction. Flow slots are formed between the suction side of each swirl vane and the pressure side of its nearest neighboring swirl vane. Furthermore, at least one swirl vane has a discharge flow angle between a tangent to its camber line at its trailing edge and the swirler axis that is monotonically increasing with increasing radial distance from the swirler axis. The invention also relates to a burner with such a swirler and a method of operating the burner.

Abstract: Liquid bio-fuels and processes for their production are provided. The liquid bio-fuels can have improved stability, less corrosiveness, and/or an improved heating value.

Abstract: A speed control system for an engine comprising at least one rotary load is provided. The speed control system may include a rotor speed controller configured to regulate speed in the rotary load based on a sensed rotor speed, exclusive of resonant mode speed oscillations, in closed loop feedback with a commanded rotor speed. To provide active damping of resonant mode speed oscillations, a resonance disturbance rejection controller may be configured to compensate a speed control signal by observing a component of the sensed rotor speed that is due to resonant mode oscillations. Based on the observed resonance component, the resonance disturbance rejection controller may compute an adjustment value for the speed control signal. In the particular case of gas turbine engines, the resonance disturbance rejection controller may effect active damping by compensation of a fuel flow request for a gas generator.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating a predictable load upon a completion of a start sequence of a gas turbine are provided. According to one embodiment, a system may include a controller to control the gas turbine and a processor communicatively coupled to the controller. The processor may be configured to receive a start duration and a desired final load, and to calculate a target load rate to substantially reach the desired final load within the start duration based on the start duration and the desired final load. Measurements of a present load may be periodically received from a measuring device and used to periodically recalculate the target load rate. A present load rate may be periodically adjusted by the controller based on the recalculation.

Abstract: A reheat burner arrangement including a center body, an annular duct with a cross-section area, an intermediate fuel injection plane located along the center body and being actively connected to the cross section area of the annular duct, wherein the center body is located upstream of a combustion chamber, wherein the structure of the reheat burner arrangement is defined by various parameters and the structure of the reheat burner arrangement is defined by various dependencies.

Abstract: A system to improve gas turbine output and extend the life of hot gas path components includes a subsystem for estimating an amount of water or steam to be added to the flow of air to achieve the desired hot gas path temperature. The system includes a water or steam injection component adapted to inject the amount of water or steam to the flow of air to generate a flow of humid air and an injection subsystem adapted to inject the flow of humid air into a nozzle at the turbine stage are also included. The system includes a temperature sensor disposed at a turbine stage, and a subsystem for determining a desired hot gas path temperature at the turbine stage. An extraction conduit is coupled to a compressor stage and is adapted to extract a flow of air.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for mixing H2-rich fuels with air in a gas turbine combustion system, wherein a first stream of burner air and a second stream of a H2-rich fuel are provided. All of the fuel is premixed with a portion of the burner air to produce a pre-premixed fuel/air mixture. This pre-premixed fuel/air mixture is injected into the main burner air stream.

Abstract: A system is provided with a turbine combustor having a first diffusion fuel nozzle, wherein the first diffusion fuel nozzle has first and second passages that separately inject respective first and second flows into a chamber of the turbine combustor to produce a diffusion flame. The first flow includes a first fuel and a first diluent, and the second flow includes a first oxidant. The system includes a turbine driven by combustion products from the diffusion flame in the turbine combustor. The system also includes an exhaust gas compressor, wherein the exhaust gas compressor is configured to compress and route an exhaust gas from the turbine to the turbine combustor along an exhaust recirculation path.

Abstract: A system is provided with a turbine combustor having a first diffusion fuel nozzle, wherein the first diffusion fuel nozzle has first and second passages that separately inject respective first and second flows into a chamber of the turbine combustor to produce a diffusion flame. The first flow includes a first fuel, and the second flow includes a first oxidant and a first diluent. The system includes a turbine driven by combustion products from the diffusion flame in the turbine combustor. The system also includes an exhaust gas compressor, wherein the exhaust gas compressor is configured to compress and route an exhaust gas from the turbine to the turbine combustor along an exhaust recirculation path.

Abstract: The burner of a gas turbine includes a swirl generator and, downstream of it, a mixing tube. The swirl generator is defined by at least two walls facing one another to define a conical swirl chamber and is provided with nozzles arranged to inject a fuel and apertures arranged to feed an oxidiser into the swirl chamber. The burner includes a lance which extends along a longitudinal axis of the swirl generator and is provided with side nozzles for ejecting a fuel within the burner. The side nozzles have their axes inclined with respect to the axis of the lance and can be positioned along the axis of the burner.

Abstract: A combustor (10) includes a liner (12) that defines a combustion chamber (18) first pre-mix chamber (14) is upstream of the combustion chamber, and a fuel plenum (40) in fluid communication with the first pre-mix chamber surrounds a least a portion of the first pre-mix chamber. A method of supplying a fuel to combustor includes flowing the fuel over an outer surface of a first pre-mix chamber and into the first pre-mix chamber.

Abstract: A system is provided with a turbine combustor having a first diffusion fuel nozzle, wherein the first diffusion fuel nozzle is configured to produce a diffusion flame. The system includes a turbine driven by combustion products from the diffusion flame in the turbine combustor. The system also includes an exhaust gas compressor, wherein the exhaust gas compressor is configured to compress and route an exhaust gas from the turbine to the turbine combustor along an exhaust recirculation path. In addition, the system includes a first catalyst unit disposed along the exhaust recirculation path.

Abstract: A method of starting a turbomachine, performed by an electronic unit, the turbomachine including a gas turbine engine including at least one rotor and a starter to drive the rotor in rotation, the method including: receiving an order to start the turbomachine, and executing in response to receiving the order to start: a primary acceleration during which the starter is operated to increase speed of rotation of the rotor; a thermal homogenization during which the starter is operated to keep the speed of rotation of the rotor constant or to decrease it until a predetermined condition is satisfied; after the predetermined condition is true, a secondary acceleration in which the starter is operated to increase the speed of rotation of the rotor; and an ignition in which ignition of the engine is ordered.

Abstract: The present application provides an inlet bleed heat system for supplying a flow of bleed air to a flow of incoming air into a compressor of a gas turbine engine. The inlet bleed heat system may include an air knife and a silencer panel. The air knife may include a compressor bleed air port in communication with the flow of bleed air and a discharge gap to discharge the flow of bleed air into the flow of incoming air. The air knife may and the silencer panel may form an integrated air knife/silencer panel.

Abstract: An air injection system for use in a gas turbine engine includes at least one outlet port through which air is extracted from the engine only during less than full load operation, at least one rotor cooling pipe, which is used to inject the air extracted from the outlet port(s) into a rotor chamber, a piping system that provides fluid communication between the one outlet port(s) and the rotor cooling pipe(s), a blower system for extracting air from the engine through the outlet port(s) and for conveying the extracted air through the piping system and the rotor cooling pipe(s) into the rotor chamber, and a valve system. The valve system is closed during full load engine operation to prevent air from passing through the piping system, and open during less than full load engine operation to allow air to pass through the piping system.

Abstract: An end-wall component of the mainstream gas annulus of a gas turbine engine has a cooling arrangement including one or more circumferentially extending rows of ballistic cooling holes through which, in use, dilution cooling air is jetted into the mainstream gas to reduce the mainstream gas temperature adjacent the end-wall. A portion of the cooling holes are first cooling holes angled such that the direction of the dilution cooling air jetted therethrough has, on entry into the mainstream gas annulus, a component in one tangential direction. A portion of the cooling holes are second cooling holes angled such that the direction of the dilution cooling air jetted therethrough has, on entry into the mainstream gas annulus, a component in the opposite tangential direction. The first and second cooling holes are arranged such that the cooling air from jets having entry components in opposing tangential directions collide and coalesce.

Abstract: An airfoil for a gas turbine engine according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, an airfoil body including a leading edge and a trailing edge joined by a pressure side and a suction side spaced apart from the pressure side to provide an external airfoil surface extending in a radial direction from at least one platform. The external airfoil surface is formed in substantial conformance with multiple cross-sectional profiles of the airfoil described by a set of Cartesian coordinates set forth in Table 1. The Cartesian coordinates are provided by an axial coordinate scaled by a local axial chord, a circumferential coordinate scaled by a local axial chord, and a span location. The local axial chord corresponds to a width of the airfoil between the leading edge and the trailing edge at the span location, and the Cartesian coordinates in Table 1 have a tolerance relative to the specified coordinates of up to ±0.050 inches (±1.27 mm).

Abstract: A hanger assembly includes a hanger having a threaded bore, a bushing attaching to an outer duct, a rotator cooperating with the hanger so that the hanger may rotate relative to an inner duct, and wherein the bushing engages the hanger during assembly.

Abstract: A flexible heat shield for a gas turbine engine includes a support layer attached to a ceramic fiber layer.

Abstract: A preassembled modular drop-in combustor having internal components in conformity with assembly and function specifications prior to and after insertion into an industrial gas turbine access port and internal combustor transition. The combustor assembly maintains conformity with those specifications after insertion into the combustor case if it does not inadvertently impact other turbine components during its installation. Inadvertent impact is avoided by having a combustor service zone proximal the combustor case, enabling slidable insertion of each combustor assembly into its corresponding access port and transition along its corresponding insertion path without contacting other turbine system components. A multi-axis motion combustor handling tool in the combustor service zone, preferably under automatic control, is coupled to each combustor and facilitates precise alignment along the insertion path.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method for producing hyperpolarized samples for use in magnetic resonance systems. A sorption pump is incorporated into the apparatus to create a closed system for hyperpolarizing. Being a closed system, the apparatus and system loses no cryogen to atmosphere such that there is no need to replenish cryogen in the system. Under the method, the apparatus is able to operate in three distinct modes.

Abstract: Provided is a magnetic refrigeration material which has a Curie temperature of not lower than 250 K, and provides refrigeration performance well over that of conventional materials when subjected to a field change up to 2 Tesla, which is assumed to be achievable with a permanent magnet. The magnetic refrigeration material is of a composition represented by the formula La1 fREf (Fe1 a b c d eSiaCobXcYdZe)13 (RE: at least one of rare earth elements including Sc and Y and excluding La; X: Ga and/or Al; Y: at least one of Ge, Sn, B, and C; Z: at least one of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Zr; 0.03?a?0.17, 0.003?b?0.06, 0.02?c?0.10, 0?d?0.04, 0?e?0.04, 0?f?0.50), and has an average crystal grain size of not smaller than 0.01 ?m and not larger than 3 ?m, a Curie temperature of not lower than 250 K, and the maximum (??Smax) of magnetic entropy change (??SM) when subjected to a field change up to 2 Tesla is not less than 5 J/kgK.

Abstract: A thermoelectric cooling device comprises a liquid heat exchanger, at least two air heat exchangers, and at least two thermoelectric modules. The liquid heat exchanger includes a liquid circulation path through which liquid coolant flows to exchange heat with the liquid heat exchanger. Air flows over each of the air heat exchangers to exchange heat with the respective air heat exchanger. A first thermoelectric module is thermally coupled on a first side with a first side of the liquid heat exchanger and on a second side with a first air heat exchanger to transfer heat between the air heat exchanger and the liquid heat exchanger. A second thermoelectric module is thermally coupled on a first side with a second side of the liquid heat exchanger and on a second side with the second air heat exchanger to transfer heat between the air heat exchanger and the liquid heat exchanger.

Abstract: An image sensing apparatus includes a focal plane array and a cold shield thermally isolated from the focal plane array. The cryogenic cooling apparatus further includes a first cryocooler assembly comprising a first cold finger thermally coupled to the focal plane array. The first cryocooler assembly is configured to maintain a focal plane array operating temperature. The cryogenic cooling apparatus includes a second cryocooler assembly comprising a second cold finger thermally coupled to the cold shield. The second cryocooler assembly is configured to maintain a cold shield operating temperature that is different from the focal plane array operating temperature.

Abstract: An air conditioner and a method of controlling an air conditioner are provided. The air conditioner may include a compressor that compresses a refrigerant and discharges the compressed refrigerant, an outdoor heat exchanger in which outdoor air introduced into an outdoor device and the refrigerant are heat-exchanged with each other, at least one indoor heat exchanger in which indoor air introduced into an indoor device and the refrigerant are heat-exchanged with each other, a plurality of valves respectively disposed in an inflow-side tube and a discharge-side tube of the at least one indoor heat exchanger, and a refrigerant leakage detector that directly or indirectly detects leakage of the refrigerant. When leakage of the refrigerant is detected, the plurality of valves may be blocked or closed in stages.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a device for periodic in feeding of boxes containing food items into plate freezers. The invention solves problems relating to handling of boxes, where traditional methods damage the boxes and the ham the food objects within the boxes. The new method and device solve this problem in such an automatic and periodic manner that food items can be frozen in sensitive packing such as thin carton boxes.

Abstract: A household refrigerator includes an ice maker. The ice maker has an ice mold. The ice mold is made from a thin flexible material, such as stamped aluminum. The ice mold includes ice forming compartments and a rotatable member with fingers for removing ice pieces from the ice compartments as the rotatable member is rotated. The rotatable member also includes a cam projection that contacts and flexes the ice mold as the rotatable member is rotated to at least partially break a bond between the ice pieces and the ice forming compartments.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cooled storing system for photo catalytic decomposition of ethylene. The system is preferably a reefer container or a refrigerator and it comprises a cooling unit with an evaporator, and means for providing airflow inside the system. The system further comprises at least one UV-source and TiO2 coated on at least part of the surface of the evaporator. The UV-source is arranged so that light emitted therefrom falls on said surface provided with TiO2 whereby an active surface for photo catalysis is provided. The invention further relates to a method for cleaning the air inside a cooled storing system, said method comprising photo catalytic decomposition of organic compounds contained in a cooled storing system.

Abstract: An integrated heat pump and water heating circuit for space heating and cooling and heating domestic water. The circuit includes a first heat exchanger for the domestic water, a second heat exchanger for the source (heat source/sink) with a first dedicated expansion valve, and a third exchanger for the space with a second dedicated expansion valve. The circuit has four modes of operation. In the first mode, the space is cooled and heat is rejected to the source. In the second mode, the space is heated while heat is absorbed from the source. In the third mode, the circuit absorbs heat from the source and heats the water supply. In a fourth mode, the water supply is heated and the space is cooled simultaneously. In each mode, one heat exchanger is inactive, and the charge from the inactive heat exchanger is reclaimed to the suction side of the compressor.

Abstract: A method for operating a refrigerator appliance during a defrost cycle of the refrigerator appliance is provided. The method includes deactivating a compressor of the refrigerator appliance at a beginning or commencement of the defrost cycle until a predetermined period of time elapses or a chilled chamber of the refrigerator appliance rises to a preselected temperature. The method can improve an energy efficiency of the refrigerator appliance.

Abstract: A method of controlling a refrigerated merchandiser including a plurality of display case modules each having a separate refrigeration circuit with a compressor and an evaporator. The method includes selectively starting and stopping a first compressor of a first refrigeration circuit having a first evaporator associated with a first display case module to regulate a temperature in a product display area of the first display case module, and selectively starting and stopping a second compressor of a second refrigeration circuit having a second evaporator associated with a second display case module to regulate a temperature in a product display area of the second display case module. The method also includes controlling the first refrigeration module and the second refrigeration module based on a heat load of the merchandiser and a predetermined number of start/stop cycles of each of the first compressor and the second compressor within a given time period.

Abstract: A system and method for calculating parameters for a refrigeration system having a variable speed compressor is provided. A compressor is connected to a condenser and an evaporator. An evaporator sensor outputs an evaporator signal corresponding to at least one of an evaporator pressure and an evaporator temperature. An inverter drive modulates electric power delivered to the compressor to modulate a speed of the compressor. A control module is connected to the inverter drive that receives the evaporator signal. The control module monitors electrical power data and compressor speed data from the inverter drive and calculates at least one of a condenser temperature and a condenser pressure based on the evaporator signal, the electrical power data, and the compressor speed data.

Abstract: A refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus, which includes a compressor, a condenser, an expansion device, and an evaporator, has a refrigeration cycle configured by these components being connected by a refrigerant pipe, and uses a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture as a refrigerant circulating through the refrigeration cycle, includes operating state detection means which detect a pressure of the refrigerant at the compressor, a temperature of the refrigerant at the compressor, and a rotation speed of the compressor, output detection means which detects an output of the compressor, and composition detection means which calculates a correlation between the pressure of the refrigerant at the compressor, the temperature of the refrigerant at the compressor, the rotation speed of the compressor, the output of the compressor, and a refrigerant composition and retains data indicating the correlation.

Abstract: A cooling fan includes a body and a motor is connected to the body, the motor drives multiple blades. An atomizing device is connected to the body and has an oscillator beside which a blowing device is located. A guide pipe has the first end thereof connected to the oscillator and the second end of the guide pipe extends beyond the blades. A water tank is connected to the body and has a valve which is located corresponding to the oscillator. By the rotation of the blades, the atomized water particles are sent to cool the heat.

Abstract: A power-generating system comprising an energy-converting module that converts non-electrical waste energy generated by one or more components of an HVAC system into electrical energy, and, a control module that directs the electrical energy to one or more electricity-consuming components of the HVAC system.

Abstract: An air conditioner and evaporator inlet header distributor therefor are provided. The air conditioner may include an evaporator inlet header distributor to distribute a refrigerant expanded in an expansion mechanism to a plurality of refrigerant flow paths of an evaporator. The evaporator inlet header distributor may include a distributor body, a refrigerant inlet pipe to guide refrigerant expanded in the expansion mechanism to an inside of the distributor body, a plurality of refrigerant outlet pipes to discharge the refrigerant from the distributor body into the plurality of refrigerant flow paths, and a separating plate to separate the inside of the distributor body into a header flow path connected with the plurality of refrigerant outlet pipes and a refrigerant dispersing flow path connected with the refrigerant inlet pipe to guide an upper portion and a lower portion of the header flow path by dispersing the refrigerant.

Abstract: An object is to provide a plate-type heat exchanger that evenly distributes an inflowing fluid to heat exchange channels in the plate-type heat exchanger. A plate-type heat exchanger includes a main pipe which is a primary pipe inserted into a first stacking-direction channel such that a longitudinal direction thereof is aligned with a stacking direction X, and sub pipes that communicate with an interior space of the main pipe and that are disposed in the main pipe at positions of respective first channels. The plurality of sub pipes are configured such that the lengths of protrusions thereof protruding from the inner surface of the main pipe toward the interior space of the main pipe decrease in the insertion direction X of the main pipe in the first stacking-direction channel.

Abstract: Disclosed is an automobile air-conditioning system, which comprises an evaporator and an electrical expansion valve in communication via pipes, with the electrical expansion valve comprising a coil and a valve body, the coil being fixedly mounted on the valve body; the system also comprises a support, the support comprising a heat-sinking bridge and a cooling ring, with the evaporator provided on one side of the heat-sinking bridge and the cooling ring provided on the other side of the heat-sinking bridge; the heat-sinking bridge and the cooling ring are formed in one piece or are connected with each other fixedly, and the coil is provided within the cooling ring. The automobile air-conditioning system has the advantages of a compact structural design, is capable of effectively cooling the electrical expansion valve, and has high system strength, stable transmission of coolant, and high security.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for cooling, preferably liquefying a boil off gas (BOG) stream from a liquefied cargo in a floating transportation vessel, said liquefied cargo having a boiling point of greater than ?110° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flue gas treatment system for removing CO2 from a flue gas stream wherein the system includes a flue gas compressor, at least one flue gas adsorption drier, a refrigeration system and a stripper column allowing distillation. Also a method for condensation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in a flue gas stream including a step of separation by distillation of the condensed CO2 is provided by the invention.

Abstract: An accessory having decorative coin ornaments and connectors are designed, The decorative coin ornaments can easily link each other by using the magnetic connectors. The accessories can be a necklace or a bracelet with variety of designs depending on the size and type of the coin ornaments. It could be created the various accessory fashions according to circumstances. Thereby, the wearers are able to choose their favorite accessories from the various designs. Therefore, the wearers are possibly save the money for purchasing a lot of accessories. Especially, it is providing an effect of stimulating the blood circulation of the body by using the magnetic material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to customizable fashion accessories, such as jewelry, belt buckles, watches and the like, which can be modified to the taste of the user. The wearable product generally comprises a predesigned wearable article having an attachment surface adapted for attachment of an adhesive display sheet and having one or more recessed trimming channel defining one or more boundary of the attachment surface. In other aspects, the wearable product further comprises an adhesive display sheet having a display surface opposite an adhesive surface, wherein the adhesive display sheet is sized to overlay at least a portion of the attachment surface of the predesigned wearable article and extend beyond at least one of the recessed trimming channels.

Abstract: A thickness of at least one preselected portion of a substrate, such as glass substrate for example, is controlled. A laser beam is directed to the at least one preselected portion of the substrate in a viscous state, thereby increasing a temperature and reducing a viscosity of the at least one preselected portion of the substrate in a viscous state sufficiently to cause the at least one preselected portion of the glass substrate to attain a desired thickness. The laser beam after it is generated can be directed to a reflecting surface from which the laser beam is reflected to the at least one preselected portion of the substrate in the viscous state. The substrate can comprise a glass ribbon produced in a downdraw glass forming process for example, and the laser beam can be directed onto a plurality of preselected portions of the glass ribbon.

Abstract: An area S (m2) of a facing surface of each of injectors which faces a glass ribbon is set so as to satisfy: S?(0.0116×P×Cg×T)/{?×F×?(Tgla4?Tinj4)}, wherein P is an output (ton/day) of the glass ribbon; Cg is a specific heat (J/(kg·° C.)) of the glass; T is an acceptable temperature drop (° C.); ? is radiation factor; F is a surface-to-surface view factor; ? is Boltzmann's constant; Tgla is a temperature (K) of the glass ribbon represented by K=(Tin+Tout)/2 where Tin and Tout are measured values of the glass ribbon at the inlet and outlet of the injector, respectively; and Tinj is a temperature (K) of the facing surface of the injector.

Abstract: A method to form quartz glass ingots of ultra low contamination and defect levels by firing a high-purity quartz form as the feedstock, wherein the quartz glass ingot is free-formed on a platen rotating concentrically with the feedstock quartz article.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a laminated film-coated glass substrate in which a laminated film is formed on a glass ribbon by a CVD method by means of a plurality of injectors disposed in an annealing furnace and the glass ribbon is cut, wherein the laminated film is formed at Tg+50° C. or lower and at least two layers of the laminated film are formed in a temperature range of Tg+50° C. to Tg. In addition, a temperature drop K1 per unit length of the glass ribbon in a temperature range where all layers of the laminated film are formed is 0° C./m<K1<10° C./m.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a laminated film-coated glass substrate in which a laminated film is formed on a glass ribbon by a CVD method by means of a plurality of injectors disposed in the annealing furnace, wherein: the laminated film is formed at Tg+50° C. or lower; and in each of the injectors, if a quantity of heat exchanged between the injector and the glass ribbon is expressed by Q1 (kW), a quantity of heat exchanged between a heater paired with the injector and the glass ribbon is expressed by Q2 (kW), and an output of the glass is expressed by P (tons/day), then the relational expression |Q1|?P×0.116?|Q2|?|Q1| is satisfied.

Abstract: A scoreless separation device and method are described herein for separating a glass sheet without needing to score the glass sheet. In one embodiment, the device shears a stationary glass sheet without needing to score the glass sheet. In another embodiment, the device shears a moving glass sheet to remove outer edges from the moving glass sheet without needing to score the moving glass sheet.

Abstract: A scoreless separation device and method are described herein for separating a glass sheet without needing to score the glass sheet. In one embodiment, the device shears a stationary glass sheet without needing to score the glass sheet. In another embodiment, the device shears a moving glass sheet to remove outer edges from the moving glass sheet without needing to score the moving glass sheet.