Abstract: Ethernet nodes, interconnected logically or physically to construct a closed loop, may be controlled using a control protocol that governs placement of blocks on the ring. The control protocol allows one of the nodes to be designated as a root node in normal operation. The root node will block data traffic on one of its ports on the ring to prevent a forwarding loop from being created on the ring. Each node on the ring performs link level connectivity detection and, upon detection of a failure, will send out a Failure Indication Message (FIM). When a node receives a FIM, it will flush its forwarding database associated with the ring and, if it is the root node, will remove the data block on the port. When the failure recovers, the nodes adjacent the failure will transmit a recovery indication message to allow the ring to revert to its normal state.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides a method of using differential precoding for highly correlated channels in a wireless network, comprising, using a differential codebook optimized for highly correlated antennas.

Abstract: A technique for recovering MPLS or IP-based pseudo-wires or layer-2 VPNs to a backup site using a backup pseudo-wire is provided. In one particular exemplary embodiment, the technique may be realized by a mechanism that allows one end of the original pseudo-wire to dynamically and automatically establish a backup pseudo-wire to an alternate destination without requiring an operator intervention or manual configuration of alternate destinations. This mechanism is triggered when one end of an emulated service experiences a failure such as a node failure, a link failure, and the like, or an intentional shut-down. A VPN auto-discovery mechanism is employed to inform all of the potential attachment circuits of the existence of the backup destinations that can be used in case of failure situations.

Abstract: A data relay apparatus for data relay in a ring-type network for data including a path identifier which is transferred according to the path identifier, receives the data; stores the path identifier that is used to determine a data path in which the data is transferred in the ring-type communication network in association with a reception direction and a transmission direction of the data; compares the path identifier included in the received data and the path identifier stored by an information storing part to determine a path for receiving and transmitting the data and switches the transmission direction of the data based on a reception direction of a failure notification message notified when a communication failure occurs and whether a switching inhibition message transmitted concerning the communication failure is received; and transmits the data in the switched transmission direction.

Abstract: Various exemplary embodiments relate to a method and related network node including one or more of the following: selecting a connection of a plurality of connections; testing the selected connection to determine whether the selected connection is usable; and based on a determination that the selected connection is not usable: closing the selected connection and at least one additional connection of the plurality of connections, and reestablishing the selected connection and the at least one additional connection.

Abstract: Recovery time upon the failure of a link or switching system in an asynchronous data network can be minimized if downstream data switches provide upstream messages indicating to upstream switching system that the downstream traffic arrived in tact and was properly handled. Upon this loss or failure of the upstream status message to an upstream switching system, an upstream switching system can reroute data traffic around a failed link or failed switch with a minimal amount of lost data. The upstream status message is conveyed from a downstream switching system to an upstream switching system via a reverse notification tree data pathway. The reverse notification pathway is established by using a messaging protocol between network switches by which the working and protection paths, among other things, are established.

Abstract: Multiple packet traffic profiling models are created from known packet traffic flows that are labeled, where a label is an actual value of a factor influencing one or more characteristics of the known packet traffic flow. Features, which are different from the factors, are measured for each flow. Flow clusters are defined from the labeled traffic flows by processing their features and labels. The profiling models are created based on cluster information. When an unknown packet flow is received, the multiple packet traffic profiling models are evaluated according to a confidence and a completeness associated with each of the packet traffic profiling models. The packet traffic profiling model with a predetermined confidence and completeness is selected and applied to profile the unknown packet traffic flow.

Abstract: A network device may implement packet scheduling with administrator-configurable packet scheduling policies. In one implementation, the network device includes a filter component configured to assign priority levels to data units, the priority levels defining traffic classes for the data units. The network device may also include a scheduler component configured to schedule transmission of the traffic classes based on an assignment of weights to the traffic classes using at least one bandwidth allocation policy that exhibits a bandwidth allocation profile that varies based on one or more parameters of the bandwidth allocation policy that are configurable by an administrator.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a wireless network device, a wireless network system and a method of controlling selection of routings. The wireless network device includes: a memory configured to store routing latency information for routing from the wireless network device to other nodes in a network; a processor configured to determine transmission latency requirement of transmitting data packets from the wireless network device to a destination node according to transmission latency requirement information carried in the data packets after obtaining the data packets to be transmitted, query available routes from the wireless network device to the destination node, and the stored latency information corresponding to the available routes, select a route most approximate to the determined transmission latency requirement from the available routes according to a query result of the query module, and transmit the data packets.

Abstract: A system for managing resources in a communication system including systems, which do not have a permission for a first frequency band, includes coexistence managers configured to, when a frequency band available for the systems is searched from the first frequency band, manage the systems for coexistence and frequency sharing of the systems in the available frequency band; a coexistence enabler configured to transmit and receive information of the systems and information of the coexistence managers; and a coexistence discovery and information server configured to support control of the coexistence managers over the systems, wherein the coexistence managers transmit and receive predetermined messages to and from the coexistence discovery and information server and the coexistence enabler, perform channel classification for the first frequency band, and determine operating channels of the systems on the basis of the channel classification.

Abstract: A wireless resource allocation apparatus performs determining an amount of VoIP traffic for each terminal station; determining whether semi-persistent scheduling or dynamic scheduling is used for transmitting each packet of the VoIP traffic, based on a result of the determination for the amount of the VoIP traffic; managing, for each terminal station, a resource block allocated in the semi-persistent scheduling; and managing each resource block which is not managed for the allocation in the semi-persistent scheduling and is allocated in the dynamic scheduling. If it is determined that the dynamic scheduling is used for transmitting each packet of the VoIP traffic to a terminal station, the resource block, which has been managed for the relevant terminal station as a resource block allocated in the semi-persistent scheduling, is released, and the released resource block is managed as a resource block allocated in the dynamic scheduling.

Abstract: Various methods, systems, and computer program products are disclosed for determining effects of non-network elements on a subscriber experience. For example, a method may include receiving traffic data. In some implementations of the invention, the method may include associating the traffic data with one or more non-network elements, which may operate on the mobile network but are not part of an infrastructure of the mobile network. The method may include determining a subscriber experience for the one or more non-network elements based on the traffic data that is associated with the one or more non-network elements.

Abstract: Presented is a system and methods for routing Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) between a client and a back-end server by a front-end server operating transparently between the client and the back-end server. The front-end server uses a distribution key created by the front-end server to route the SCTP packets to the proper destination. The distribution key is comprised of a client SCTP port number, a back-end server SCTP port number and a back-end server Initiate-Tag. The front-end server arbitrates clashes between distribution keys of different back-end servers by replacing the back-end server generated SCTP Initiate-Tag with a front-end server generated SCTP Initiate-Tag.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and apparatuses for improved UE communication mode determination by a network entity, such as a radio network controller, where multi-cell and multi-carrier communication is available to the UE in a wireless network. For example, in an aspect, methods and apparatuses are provided for determining whether a user equipment (UE) is in a soft handover region and a softer handover region, and where the UE is in such a region, predicting a future multi-cell performance of the UE assuming the UE will be served by a plurality of cells on a single carrier, predicting a future multi-carrier performance of the UE assuming the UE will be served by a plurality of carriers of a single cell, comparing the future multi-cell performance to the future multi-carrier performance, and transmitting a mode command to the UE based at least on the comparing.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus relating to distribution of intelligence across a network are described. In one embodiment, one or more content processors may be provided at the edge of a computer network (e.g., prior to a point where data is aggregated or routed by the network). Other embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for measuring degree of packet congestion on a channel of a packet communication network. The method includes: during a training mode, generating an mathematical relationship between the degree of packet congestion on the channel and a plurality of measurable features of the network over a plurality of network conditions; and, during a subsequent normal operating mode, periodically measuring the plurality of measurable features and applying the generated mathematical relationship to such periodically measured plurality of measurable features to determine actual degree of congestion on the channel; and comparing the actual degree of congestion on the channel with a predetermined channel congestion threshold level. The degree of packet congestion on the channel is saturation level. The measurable features include: time delay between transmission starts and terminations of the previously transmitted packet; the fraction of time the channel is busy; and, average number of packet transmission retries.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system, method and computer program for intelligent packet distribution over a plurality of potentially diverse links. The system includes an intelligent packet distribution engine (“IPDE”) that incorporates or is linked to means for executing a decision tree. The IPDE, in real time, obtains data traffic parameters and, based on the data traffic parameters and performance criteria, selectively applies one or more techniques to alter the traffic over selected communication links to conform to the data traffic parameters.

Abstract: A packet forwarding apparatus, a communication system, and a process rule update method that can accurately delete process rules used for packet forwarding and the like include a process rule storage unit that stores process rules defining a process content for each flow; a packet process unit that executes processing a received a packet by using a process rule matching the received packet among the process rules and; an end determination information extraction unit that extracts information for checking a flow end from the received packet; and a flow end check unit that deletes, when a flow end is checked based on the extracted information, a process rule corresponding to the flow.

Abstract: A method of measuring network performance is disclosed. A payload packet is transmitted from a sending node to a receiving node via a communication network. A reference packet is transmitted to the receiving node in connection with sending of the payload packet. Receive information related to the payload packet and to the reference packet is generated, at the receiving node. Send information related to the payload packet and to the reference packet is received, by the receiving node. Network performance is estimated by utilizing the send and receive information.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus for routing are provided in which a connection track comprising a plurality of network or transport layer packets, received by a router, is identified by examining header fields of one or more packets in the plurality of packets. One or more quality of service (QoS) parameters is associated with the connection track by determining whether the track encodes a data type by (i) an identification of a predetermined application protocol used within the one or more packets and/or (ii) a comparison of a payload of one or more packets in the plurality of packets to known data type formats. A first QoS parameter is set to a first value in a first value range when the connection track contains the first data type. The connection track is routed through the router in accordance with the one or more QoS parameters assigned to the connection track.

Abstract: An approach is provided for auto-bandwidth adjusting bandwidth allocations for traffic-engineered tunnels used to carry traffic along a network. Traffic over the tunnel is sampled at a first interval period and at a second interval period, where the second interval period is shorter than the first interval period. A determination is made as to whether the sampled traffic taken using the second interval period is greater than the bandwidth allocation, and the bandwidth allocation is adjusted upward based upon a determination that the sampled traffic taken using the second interval period is greater than the bandwidth allocation. Also, a determination can be made as to whether the sampled traffic taken using the first interval period is less than the bandwidth allocation, and the bandwidth allocation can be adjusted downward based upon a determination that the sampled traffic taken using the first interval period is less than the bandwidth allocation.

Abstract: Methods and systems thereof for streaming media data are described. Media data comprising a plurality of data packets is accessed. Information that quantifies a characteristic of each data packet in the plurality of data packets is also accessed. That information is used to determine an order for sending the data packets over a network.

Abstract: Systems for providing feedback to sending entities are provided. In some embodiments, systems for providing feedback to at least one sending entity that sends requests are provided, the systems comprising: a receiving entity comprising at least one processor that: determines a number of active sources associated with each of the at least one sending entity; determines a number of sessions that each of the at least one sending entity is able to accept based on the number of active sources determined; and provides an indication of the number of sessions to each corresponding one of the at least one sending entity.

Abstract: At least one first frame of a first data flow is inspected by a general processing unit to associate the first data flow with an aggregate session, the aggregate session corresponding to a first set of aggregate data flows including the first data flow and at least one other data flow. Acceleration of the first data flow, by a network processing unit, can be authorized based on the inspection of the at least one first frame. Acceleration of the first data flow can be subject to at least a set of conditions including an aggregate trigger, the aggregate trigger defining that the acceleration of at least the first data flow be halted in response to an aggregate threshold amount of traffic being detected among the first set of aggregate data flows.

Abstract: A method of determining a bias parameter for a heterogeneous network including a small cell, a macro cell, and one or more user equipment (UEs), the small cell being underlaid with respect to the macro cell, includes determining, at a base station of the small cell, a loading state of the macro cell; and setting, at the base station, the bias parameter based on the determined loading state. A method of determining a cell border window (CBW) for the small cell, the small cell being underlaid with respect to the macro cell, the small cell having a plurality of attached UEs which are divided into inner cell UEs and border cell UEs, includes determining, at the base station, a difference value based on utilization values of the inner cell UEs and the border cell UEs; and adjusting the CBW based on the difference value and a threshold value.

Abstract: A method is proposed for determining the round-trip delay for sending multimedia data, such as voice or video data, between a first network node and a second network node over a communications network, where data is encapsulated in data units comprising at least one frame of encoded data. The method includes the steps of: said first network node sending a request for reconfiguration of the data unit structure to the second node; the first node detecting a reconfiguration response from the second node, where the reconfiguration response comprises at least one data unit of data having a structure that corresponds to the request for reconfiguration. The first node then measures the time elapsed between sending the reconfiguration request and detecting the reconfiguration response and determines a value for roundtrip delay using said measured time. In accordance with a first embodiment, the request for reconfiguration is a request to change the encoding mode of the multimedia data.

Abstract: Disclosed is a communication method for switching between a first connection state, in which a data unit is transmitted in a first size, and a second connection state, in which a data unit is transmitted in a second size which is larger than the first size. The communication method comprises a step of maintaining the size of a data unit at the first size in a case where there is a transition from the first connection state to the second connection state after there had been a transition from the second connection state to the first connection state.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to providing communication services to client devices in a transport system. In some examples, methods of providing communication services to client devices in a transport system are described. The methods can include exchanging, among a multiple number of routers provided in a transport system, status information of each of the multiple number of routers. The methods can also include receiving, at a given router included in the multiple number of routers, a communication addressed to a remote server accessible through a first network. The communication may be received from a client device connected to the given router through a second network different than the first network. The methods can also include, based on the status information, routing the communication to the remote server through at least the given router and the first network.

Abstract: A method for two-stage packet aggregation facing wireless sensor network with hybrid topology structure including: building various nodes in a wireless sensor network into a hybrid topology structure which combines the star topology and mesh topology; establishing a two-stage packet aggregation architecture for periodic sensor data based on the above described topology structure; determining the packet format, aggregating and disaggregating the two-stage packets based on the topology structure and aggregation architecture; according to the application, the aggregated nodes in the network configuring router nodes and aggregation attributes of the nodes; according to the aggregation attribute, the sensor nodes performing the first-stage aggregation and generates an first-stage aggregation packet; according to the aggregation attributes, the router node implementing second-stage aggregation and generating a second-stage aggregation packet; the aggregation nodes taking charge of disaggregating the aggregated pack

Abstract: A packet transmission device includes a buffer stores packet data in any of queues, a queue manager outputs queue-status signals indicating whether or not transmittable packet data exists in the corresponding one of the queues, a bandwidth controller outputs token-status signals indicating whether or not an amount of the tokens accumulated at a certain period for the corresponding queue is larger than a token threshold provided for the corresponding queue, a queue selector preferentially selects any queue whose duration time of a transmittable state in which the corresponding queue status signal indicates that transmittable packet data exists in the corresponding queue and the corresponding token-status signal indicates that the amount of the accumulated tokens is larger than the token threshold provided for the corresponding queue is greater than a duration-time threshold provided for the corresponding queue, and a buffer reader controls reading of the packet data from the selected queue.

Abstract: Flow control in a data center Ethernet (DCE) network is managed between a source node and a destination node separated by an extended distance. An initiation sequence between the source node and the destination node is intercepted. The imitation sequence is for determining buffer credits available for receiving packets in the source node and the destination node. Replies are generated to the source node and the destination node indicating buffer credits available in at least one extended data interface interspersed between the source node and the destination node. The initiation sequence is completed based on the replies from the extended data interface.

Abstract: Providing for improved access communication for wireless systems is described herein. By way of example, wireless devices can employ wireless resource re-use in selecting a subset of access communication resources, to mitigate interference on uplink access requests. Re-use can be based on current network conditions, or on a type of base station facilitating the wireless communication. In some aspects, planned resource re-use can be facilitated by an access terminal. The access terminal requests neighboring or interfering network access points to reserve a set of resources for a serving access point. Reserved resources can be conveyed to the serving access point with an uplink access probe, to further mitigate interference.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a system that facilitates automatic adjustment of logical channels in a Fiber Channel (FC) network. During operation, the system receives FC data frames. A respective data frame is associated with a logical channel. The bandwidth on an FC link can be allocated into a plurality of logical channels, and a respective logical channel is associated with a dedicated buffer and can transport a plurality of data flows with data frames of variable length. The system then identifies a slow data flow in a first logical channel. Next, the system assigns the slow data flow to a second logical channel, thereby preventing the slow data flow from slowing down other data flows in the first logical channel. The system subsequently forwards the data frames in the slow data flow on the second logical channel onto an outgoing link.

Abstract: Dynamic administration of event pools for relevant event and alert analysis during event storms including receiving, by an events analyzer from an events queue, a plurality of events from one or more components of the distributed processing system, each event including an occurred time and a logged time; creating, by the event analyzer, an events pool; determining whether an arrival rate of the events from the components of the distributed processing system is greater than a predetermined threshold; if the arrival rate is greater than the predetermined threshold, assigning, by the events analyzer, a plurality of events to the events pool in dependence upon their occurred time; and if the arrival rate is not greater than the predetermined threshold, assigning, by the events analyzer, a plurality of events to the events pool in dependence upon their logged time.

Abstract: The present invention is a system and method for failing over from a current network access medium to an alternative network access medium. A customer premises equipment (CPE) box has ports for connections to a network through several network access media, such as high speed cable connections, DSL connections and dial-up connections. QoS parameters for each of the connections are monitored from a bandwidth manager remote from the CPE box. When it is determined that a fail-over would be beneficial, a message is sent from the bandwidth manager to the CPE box containing a command to fail-over and an identity of the alternate network access media.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for increasing the throughput of a multiplexed electrical bus by exploiting available pipeline stages of a computer or other system. For example, a method for increasing a throughput of an electrical bus that connects at least two devices in a system comprises introducing at least one signal hold stage in a signal-receiving one of the two devices, such that a maximum frequency at which the two devices are operated is not limited by a number of cycles of an operating frequency of the electrical bus needed for a signal to propagate from a signal-transmitting one of the two devices to the signal-receiving one of the two devices. Preferably, the signal hold stage introduced in the signal-receiving one of the two devices is a pipeline stage re-allocated from the signal-transmitting one of the two devices.

Abstract: A method for administrating an optical access node is disclosed, the method comprises: one or more administration terminal nodes are established in the optical access node, and constitute an internal Operation, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) domain in said administration terminal node; sends the Ethernet Operation, Administration and Maintenance message between the administration terminal nodes, and according to the attribute sof the Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) of the user, said Operation, Administration and Maintenance message carries the Virtual Local Area Network identifier which corresponds to the attribute of the virtual local area network of the user. The present invention also provides an optical access node.

Abstract: A real-time network-analysis system comprises a network appliance and a plurality of management devices. The network appliance continuously monitors an object network and synthesizes a current network image comprising contemporaneous indicators of connectivity, occupancy, and performance of the object network. A management-client device may gain access to the network image for timely control and for use in producing long-term network-evolution plans. To enable the creation of a real-time network image, optimized topology synthesis algorithms are devised to minimize the computational effort. The real-time network-analysis system is adapted for use with an object network employing a variety of routing protocols, such as link-state protocols, and network-management protocols, such as the Simple-Network-Management protocol.

Abstract: A computer implemented method of operating a base station of a wireless communication network, wherein the method comprises: comparing a number of missing context release messages (108) with a first criterion; —comparing the error rate of connection reestablishment messages (112) with a second criterion; executing a cell global identity search algorithm (110) if at least one of the first and the second criterion is fulfilled, wherein the cell global identity of at least one cell with the physical cell identity of the cell where the criterion was fulfilled is requested via an automatic neighbor relation measurement, and wherein a conflict of physical cell identities is detected and reported to an information algorithm (116) when for the physical cell identity at least two cell global identities are found; —an information algorithm for informing a central network element (118) and/or at least one base station (120) of the mobile communication network about a conflict of physical cell identities when a conflict

Abstract: A method of detecting media plane faults within a communications network. The method comprises, following the establishment of a media plane connection between first and second end point nodes within the network, where the connection transits one or more intermediate nodes within the media plane, sending session test requests from the first end point towards the second end point across a supervision session established over the media plane, and sending session test acknowledgements from the second end point to the first end point, the session test acknowledgements identifying a first border of the supervision session. The method further comprises, in the event of a media plane fault, responding to the sending of a further session test request by returning a further session test acknowledgement identifying a second border of the supervision session. The media plane fault can be detected by comparing the first and second supervision session borders contained in session test acknowledgements.

Abstract: An inspection signal to inspect forward-path or return-path communication, is transmitted from a reference node of a network. A response signal is transmitted in a priority class from a node of a forward path to the reference node. In the case of inspection of return-path communication, a replica of the response signal is transmitted in a non-priority class from the node of the forward path to the return path, and the node that receives the replica of the response signal transfers the replica in a priority class to the reference node. In the case of inspection of forward-path communication, a replica of the inspection signal is transmitted in a non-priority class from the node of the forward path to the forward path, and a replica of the response signal is transmitted in a priority class from the node that receives a replica of the inspection signal to the reference node.

Abstract: In an embodiment, an access terminal sends a multicast session registration request to an access network. The access network determines whether to assign a unicast traffic channel (e.g., media access control (MAC) identifier (ID)) to the access terminal, for the access terminal to provide feedback (e.g., channel quality indicators (CQIs) associated with the multicast session, based on a number of access terminals that have been assigned unicast traffic channels for the multicast session and/or for applications other than the multicast session. The access network configures a traffic channel assignment message to include an identifier for the multicast session, and to further include an assignment of the unicast traffic channel if the determining step determines to assign the unicast traffic channel to the access terminal. The access network sends the traffic channel assignment message to the access terminal including at least the multicast session identifier.

Abstract: A link band estimating apparatus includes a packet transmitting unit for transmitting packets in succession via a route portion of communication routes which share a link to be measured. The apparatus includes a packet interval measuring unit for measuring an interval by which the packets are spaced apart in another route portion of the communication routes. The apparatus includes a band calculating unit for calculating the band of the link to be measured based on a value measured by the packet interval measuring unit and a data size of the packets.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE), a base station and methods for enabling providing fast access to a dedicated uplink (UL) resource between the base station and the UE for data transmissions, by using a UE identifier. The UE may receive configuration parameters of a set of common UL resources from the base station, transmit a random access request for a common UL resources of said set of common UL resources to said base station, obtain allocation of said common resource of said set from said base station, and transmit a UE identifier to said base station on said common resource wherein the UE identifier indicates a previously used set of configuration parameters for a dedicated resource.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for providing a plurality of communication services over existing access lines such as twisted pair access lines. These services include voice, audio/video, and data communication services, the so-called “triple play” of services. The use of existing communication lines enables these services to be provided at a relatively low cost. Remote terminals are located close to subscriber premises to reduce the length of the existing communication lines connecting subscribers to the network. Data associated with a plurality of communication services may be statistically multiplexed onto the communication lines. Subscribers are provided with the capability to dynamically select services, including the capability to select audio/video signals from a set containing audio/video broadcast signals. The systems and methods enable data to be transported efficiently through the backbone network interconnecting central offices.

Abstract: Properties of data transmission are measured in a telecommunications network (2) comprising an access network segment (6) and a core network segment (4). A packet switched network endpoint device (10) in communication with the access network segment passively monitors data throughput between the telecommunication network and the endpoint device and conducts active tests of data transmission latency and data transmission loss by exchanging active test data packets with an active test server (8). Test result data is transmitted to the active test server in active test data packets (106, 118), avoiding additional network traffic. Active tests are conducted from the application layer. The resulting metrics accurately represent the experience of users of the endpoint devices.

Abstract: A system for measuring and analyzing radio frequency power proximate and within a wireless field device mesh network. A centralized software module (CSWM) collects and analyzes values from one or more wireless devices of the wireless field device mesh network representing received RF power measurements on an assigned RF channel and values representing corresponding times of the received RF power measurements. Each wireless device measures received RF power on the assigned RF channel at times other than during reception of a signal resulting in transmission by the wireless device of either an acknowledgment signal or a non-acknowledgement signal. Values representing the received RF power measurements and the corresponding times of the received RF power measurements are determined from the stored received RF power measurements and corresponding times and then discarded. These values are stored within the wireless device until successfully reported.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for measuring link cost metrics and evaluating their accuracy with respect to reference measure of link quality in a communication network, said method comprising the steps of: during a given time interval, simultaneously transmitting several types of probe packets and data traffic, and estimating a plurality of link cost metrics (metricA, metricB, . . . , metricN) and a reference measure of link quality for a set of communication links; evaluating the accuracy of the estimated link cost metrics (metricA, metricB, . . . , metricN) by computing their correlation with the reference measure of link quality; and collecting cross-layer information for each probe packet.

Abstract: A wireless transmission apparatus able to reliably increase outage capacity according to the state of a propagation path.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) carrier carrying at least a pilot channel. Differences are computed between selected soft pilot symbols received on the pilot channel. Based on the computed differences between the selected soft pilot symbols received on the pilot channel, a level of noise is estimated for a data channel that is to be transmitted on the CDMA carrier.