Abstract: A crucible for growing crystals, the crucible being formed from Molybdenum and Rhenium. A crucible for growing crystals, the crucible being formed from a metal selected from Group V of the Periodic Table of the Elements. A crucible for growing crystals, the crucible comprising a body and a layer formed on at least a portion of the body, the layer being formed out of Molybdenum.

Abstract: A wiping device which blows a wiping gas toward a steel sheet from a pair of wiping nozzles disposed on both sides of the steel sheet so as to face sheet surfaces of the steel sheet, wherein the steel sheet is interposed between the pair of wiping nozzles and is pulled from a hot dip coating bath, the device includes a suctioning tube, wherein: the suctioning tube is disposed on both sides in a width direction of a section of the steel sheet, the section being positioned between the pair of wiping nozzles, so that the suctioning tube is in parallel to the steel sheet; the suctioning tube has a suctioning port that suctions an air; the suctioning port is disposed to face a side end surface of the steel sheet; a cross-sectional shape of the suctioning tube has the largest dimension thereof along a pulling direction of the steel sheet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus, devices and methods for conveying particulate material during the manufacture of patterns in layers, wherein powder is conveyed out of a reservoir into a spreader unit and, if applicable, excess powder fed to the spreader unit is again conveyed back into the reservoir and wherein this conveying takes place in a closed conveying circuit.

Abstract: A deposition apparatus is provided to eliminate unnecessary empty spaces that may form between a substrate and a substrate supporting pin, which may be formed within a substrate supporting pin hole, by covering the substrate supporting pin, inserted into the substrate supporting pin hole formed in the substrate support, by a substrate supporting pin cover loaded on the substrate support. Accordingly, the temperature under the substrate can be maintained constant, and generation of parasitic plasma or contaminating particles can be avoided.

Abstract: A wafer processing system includes at least one metrology chamber, a process chamber, and a controller. The at least one metrology chamber is configured to measure a thickness of a first layer on a back side of a wafer. The process chamber is configured to perform a treatment on a front side of the wafer. The front side is opposite the back side. The process chamber includes therein a multi-zone chuck. The multi-zone chuck is configured to support the back side of the wafer. The multi-zone chuck has a plurality of zones with controllable clamping forces for securing the wafer to the multi-zone chuck. The controller is coupled to the metrology chamber and the multi-zone chuck. The controller is configured to control the clamping forces in the corresponding zones in accordance with measured values of the thickness of the first layer in the corresponding zones.

Abstract: A glue spreading system includes a spreading unit and a control unit. The spreading unit includes a primary pressing roller and a spreading roller. The spreading roller is adjacent to the primary pressing roller. A thin film transports between the primary pressing roller and the spreading roller. The spreading roller is configured for spreading a glue layer on the thin film. An actual thickness of the glue layer is decided by a pressure of the primary pressing roller applied on the spreading roller. The control unit is configured for detecting the actual thickness of the glue layer, and compares the actual thickness with a preset thickness. The control unit controls the pressure of the primary pressing roller applying on the spreading roller according to thickness differences between the actual thickness and the preset thickness.

Abstract: The present application discloses a flat-plate type PECVD device including a vacuum chamber for accommodating a work piece and a plasma emitter provided above the vacuum chamber. The plasma emitter includes an emitting box fixed to the vacuum chamber, and a radio frequency impedance matching device provided above the emitting box. A dielectric window is connected to a bottom portion of the emitting box, and an antenna body connected to the radio frequency impedance matching device is fixedly provided above the emitting box. The antenna body includes an antenna placed in the emitting box, and a connecting terminal for connecting the antenna and the radio frequency impedance matching device. A radio frequency power supply is externally connected to the radio frequency impedance matching device. A process gas intake pipe is fixedly provided on the vacuum chamber, and a mounting groove corresponding to the emitting box is provided above the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes a chamber, a susceptor to receive a substrate and provided in the chamber, a gas supply source to supply a predetermined gas into the chamber, and a high frequency power source to treat the substrate by plasma. The susceptor includes a first ceramics base member including a flow passage to let a coolant pass through, a first conductive layer formed on a principal surface and a side surface on a substrate receiving side of the first ceramics base member, and an electrostatic chuck stacked on the first conductive layer and configured to electrostatically attract the wafer received thereon. A volume of the flow passage is equal to or more than a volume of the first ceramics base member. The high frequency power source is configured to supply high frequency power to the first conductive layer.

Abstract: A diffusion furnace includes a boat which supports a semiconductor wafer thereon and is rotatable together with the semiconductor wafer. A heater is arranged on the periphery of a core tube which houses the boat therein. The core tube includes a reaction gas supply pipe through which a reaction gas containing a dopant is supplied; and a cooling gas supply pipe through which a cooling gas is supplied toward an outer peripheral portion of the semiconductor wafer.

Abstract: A chemical vapor deposition apparatus comprises a chamber, a chamber lead having a gas in port configured to receive a reaction gas, the chamber lead connected to a top surface of the chamber to seal up the chamber, a shower head connected to the chamber lead, the shower head having a plurality of spray holes separated from each other for spraying the reaction gas onto the surface of a wafer in the chamber, and a protrusion surrounding the spray holes on the bottom surface of the shower head so that an induction groove is provided inside the protrusion, wherein the plurality of spray holes have a plurality of main holes and a plurality of supplementary holes, each of the main holes is uniformly arranged in each corner of a square-grid pattern across the shower head and each of the supplementary holes is disposed at each centerpoint of the square-grid pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for fabricating an ingot. The apparatus includes a crucible receiving a raw material, and comprising an upper portion and a lower portion opposite to each other, and seed holders disposed at the upper and lower portions, respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed are synthetic structured mattresses for bird coop bedding. There is a slab/nesting pad made of a porous plastic foam. In one form the foam is suitable to permit liquid to readily drain through it when the slab is washed. An array of tufts are configured to encourage scratching thereof if a bird is placed thereby. In some forms an upper support surface of the slab may be formed with a depression or cutout suitable to position a laid egg at a defined place. The depression may be formed by molding, or by a two layer structure.

Abstract: A flexible pet bowl is provided. The flexible pet bowl may include a main trough and one or more side pockets that may be used to store one or more items, such as bags, food, or the like.

Abstract: A collapsible cat litter box includes a top cover, a box body, a buckle clasp, and a clasp base engagable with the buckle clasp. The top cover is attached to the box body. The top cover has a plurality of concave grooves. An opening is formed on a central front side of the top cover. The top cover is made from blow molding plastics and is collapsible.

Abstract: There is provided a net comprising a plurality of attack-resistant cords joined in a net mesh, wherein each attack-resistant cord comprises one or more hard metal wires running at least partially along its length and one or more high tenacity yarns having a tenacity of at least 1.5N/tex.

Abstract: An electrical heat lamp for pig breeding includes a housing and an electrical heating source. The heating source is a U-shaped, infrared electromagnetic radiation heating element, and includes an electric member portion for connecting to an external electric energy source. The heat lamp includes a reflector arranged in the housing, the reflector being adapted to reflect the electromagnetic radiation emitted from the heating source, is adapted to fit the shape of the heating source, and has a U-shaped groove which in turn has a parabolic cross section. The heat lamp includes a sealing member sealing the space or electrical connection between the heating source and the electric member portion against water; optionally, one or two more sealing members are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a collapsible cage assembly including an outer covering and a support frame for supporting the outer covering in an upright position. The outer covering can have a top, bottom, front, back, first side, and second side. The support frame can include a top frame body and a bottom frame body, a first side member and a second side member each being pivotably coupled to the top frame body and bottom frame body, and a top support member coupled to the top frame body. The top support member can define a V-shaped portion. The frame can also include a U-shaped member have a first end and a second end, each of the first end and second end slidably and pivotably coupled to the bottom frame body. The U-shaped member is removably coupled to the V-shaped portion of the top support member in the upright position.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel pet toy wherein the pet must determine how to solve the puzzle and obtain treats located in concealed receptacles in the base portion of the toy. The top portion must be rotated by the animal in such a way as to be off-center and remove barriers to the treat receptacles located in the base portion of the toy. Hinged coverings are located atop the receptacles so that even after the pet has rotated the top portion, it must then determine how to open the flaps and retrieve the treat.

Abstract: A canine restraint harness for controlling pulling behavior by a dog while being led includes a cord having first and second ends, a clasp for attachment to a dog collar, a cam for receiving and clamping a segment of the cord to reduce the length thereof, a closed loop at the clamped segment of the cord for attachment to a dog lead, and a fastener for fastening the first and second ends of the cord together. The cord is adapted to extend from the dog collar, between the front legs of the dog, and around the back of the dog to the dog lead such that the cam is disposed close to the back of the dog with the cord adapted to apply a tightening force when the dog exhibits pulling behavior while being led.

Abstract: A dog harness is comprised of a torso strap encircling a dogs chest, connected to a chest strap passing around the chest of a dog, and a shoulder strap passing over the back of a dog. The chest strap is provided with a elongate linker. A leash connector is fixed to both ends of the elongate linker. When a leash is attached to either leash connector, a directional pull on the leash causes the leash connector to slide in the direction of the pull, pulling the elongate linker to the side creating a noise detectable by the animal to assist in the training of the animal. If the leash becomes tight pulling the elongate linker all the way to the side it will move the pull off the center of the dog's chest, thus decreasing the opposition reflex.

Abstract: Steam power plants utilize high pressure and low pressure feedwater heaters to increase overall system efficiency. Both types of feedwater heaters generally include a subcooling zone that is separate from a condensing zone. The viability of the separation of the zones is critical to the efficiency of the overall system, specifically with regard to the inefficiencies inherent in the leakage of steam from the condensing zone into the subcooling zone. An improvement in the viability of that zone separation for such feedwater heaters is taught by the use of dual end plates for the subcooling zone to create a triple layer of separation between the condensing and subcooling zones to prevent unwanted and inefficient steam leakage.

Abstract: A carbon monoxide (CO) boiler or steam generator having a water cooled CO boiler floor with screen gas distribution inlet to enhance distribution of CO gas in a CO boiler. Either the front or rear wall tubes of the steam generator form an integral screen and the tubes continue, forming a membraned, gas tight enclosure. The floor has a “knee” to redirect the incoming waste CO gas up into the integral screen. The screen may be provided with tube erosion shields to prevent erosion of the screen tubes and to control the distribution of waste gas across the plan area of the furnace.

Abstract: A hydrogen assisted combustion engine system for a motor vehicle includes: an engine having an intake; an air filter; an inlet duct interconnecting the intake and the air filter; a throttle valve disposed in the inlet duct between the intake and the air filter; a hydrogen generator for generating a hydrogen-containing gas; a pump connected to the hydrogen generator and the inlet duct for pumping the hydrogen-containing gas from the hydrogen generator into the inlet duct; and a speed controller electrically connected to the pump and manually operative for adjusting a speed of the pump.

Abstract: A transmission for a vehicle is disclosed. The transmission includes a casing defining a first cavity and a second cavity inside the casing, with the first cavity selectively open to outside of the casing. The transmission also includes a platform at least partially disposed inside the casing to separate the first and second cavities. Furthermore, the transmission includes a power inverter module selectively disposed in the first cavity. The power inverter module includes a cooling system for cooling the power inverter module. The transmission also includes a guide attached to the platform and the casing within the second cavity such that the guide provides fluid communication between the cooling system of the power inverter module within the first cavity and outside of the casing while bypassing the second cavity.

Abstract: A engine block cover plate is described having a depression shaped to guide coolant flow around a bend in a coolant circuit, the plate further including a plurality of oil ports. One example method of operation may include guiding a coolant flow around a bend in a cooling circuit within an engine block via the cover plate, the cover plate having coolant and oil ports positioned therein, and adjusting a valve positioned on the cover plate to control a flow of oil through the oil port in response to an engine component temperature. In this way, flow losses may be decreased while enabling improved oil flow control with reduced system complexity.

Abstract: A monobloc piston assembly for an internal combustion engine is provided. The piston assembly includes a piston body which extends along an axis and is formed of at least two pieces of material which are joined together at least one friction weld joint which extends continuously through an annular shape around the axis. One of the pieces has an upper surface with a combustion bowl having a rotationally asymmetrical shape around the axis formed therein. Another of the pieces has a dome-shaped receiving surface which is rotationally symmetrical around the axis for slidingly receiving a portion of a connecting rod.

Abstract: A variable valve timing control apparatus has a housing; a vane rotor relatively rotating with respect to the housing; a torsion spring always forcing the vane rotor in one rotation direction with respect to the housing; and a spring guide accommodating therein the torsion spring. At least a part of an outside diameter of the torsion spring, before being installed inside the spring guide, is formed to be greater than an inside diameter of an inner wall of the spring guide. In a free state of the torsion spring, after being installed inside the spring guide, in which an urging force of the torsion spring acting on the vane rotor becomes smallest, the outside diameter of the torsion spring is substantially same as the inside diameter of the inner wall of the spring guide or is smaller than the inside diameter of the inner wall of the spring guide.

Abstract: In a variably operated valve system for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine and a control apparatus for the variably operated valve system, a first valve stop mechanism is configured to switch between a valve operation state in which one of a pair of intake valves from among the pair of intake valves of a part of a plurality of cylinders is operated to be open or closed and a valve stopped state in which the valve open or closure operation of the one of the intake valves is stopped, a second valve stop mechanism is configured to switch between the valve operation state in which the other of the pair of intake valves from among the pair of intake valves of the part of the cylinders is operated to be open or closed and the valve stopped state in which the valve open or closure operation is stopped.

Abstract: A starting device of a spark-ignition multi-cylinder engine is provided. The device includes a multi-cylinder engine body having cylinders, fuel injection valves, ignition plugs, an intake valve drive mechanism for opening and closing intake valves, a hydraulic variable valve phase mechanism for changing a close timing of each intake valve, an engine-driven hydraulic pressure supply source for supplying a hydraulic pressure, and a start controller for controlling the fuel injection valves, the ignition plugs, and the variable valve phase mechanism. When the supplied hydraulic pressure is below a predetermined pressure, the variable valve phase mechanism locks the close timing. When an engine temperature in an engine-start is high, the start controller retards a fuel injection timing of the cylinder on intake stroke at an engine stopped timing and retards an ignition timing thereof. The start controller does not retard the close timing of the intake valve until the engine-start completes.

Abstract: A flexible coupling linkage (14) anchors a housing (16) that at least partially encloses a rotor (18) of an actuator (22) against rotation, while allowing free movement of the housing (16) in two other planes relative to the rotor (18) to match an angular rotational plane orientation of the rotor (18) to prevent binding between the housing (16) and the rotor (18) due to misalignment. The flexible coupling linkage (14) can be selected from a group of pivot joints (24a, 24b) including at least one of a pivot pin joint (30, 34), a ball-and-socket joint (32), and any combination thereof.

Abstract: A valve opening-closing timing control device includes a solenoid valve having a solenoid mechanism provided with a spool having an oil path groove formed in an outer face thereof, and a sleeve for housing the spool to reciprocate and slide. A wall surface of the sleeve has a first port communicating with a first hydraulic oil supply section, a second port communicating with a second hydraulic oil supply section, and a third port communicating with the side of a hydraulic oil supply source. The spool is driven and set to a first position for supplying hydraulic oil from the hydraulic oil supply source to the first port, a second position for supplying the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic oil supply source to the second port, and a third position outside an area between the first and second positions to prevent supply of hydraulic oil from the first and second ports.

Abstract: In a camshaft adjusting device of a motor vehicle internal combustion engine which has an electromagnetic braking unit that includes a stationary actuator having a first braking surface and an axially spaced second braking surface which is movable relative to the first braking surface, the braking unit further includes a brake disk which is functionally separate from the stationary actuator and is at least partially situated between the spaced braking surfaces of the actuator and connected to an adjusting input of the camshaft adjusting device.

Abstract: To downsize an electromagnetic wave generation device in a plasma generation device that generates electromagnetic wave plasma by emitting to a target space an electromagnetic wave amplified by means of a solid state amplifying element. The plasma generation device includes the electromagnetic wave generation device that outputs the electromagnetic wave amplified by means of the solid state amplifying element, and an emission antenna for emitting the electromagnetic wave outputted from the electromagnetic wave generation device to the target space. The plasma generation device causes the emission antenna to emit the electromagnetic wave to the target space, thereby generating the electromagnetic wave plasma. The plasma generation device has a characteristic that an output waveform of the electromagnetic wave generation device has a peak during a rise, and is adapted to output the electromagnetic wave to the emission antenna without reducing the peak during the rise of the output waveform.

Abstract: The present invention aims at effectively improving a propagation speed of a flame utilizing an electromagnetic wave in an internal combustion engine that promotes combustion of an air fuel mixture utilizing the electromagnetic wave. The present invention is directed to an internal combustion engine including: an internal combustion engine main body formed with a combustion chamber; and an ignition device that ignites the air fuel mixture in the combustion chamber, wherein combustion cycles, in which the ignition device ignites and combusts the air fuel mixture, are repeated.

Abstract: A spark ignition device includes a ceramic insulator with a metal shell surrounding at least a portion of the ceramic insulator. A ground electrode is attached to the shell. The ground electrode has a ground electrode sparking tip spaced from a central sparking tip by a spark gap. A first terminal is arranged in electrical communication with the central sparking tip and is configured for electrical connection with a power source. The device further includes a second terminal configured for electrical connection with the power source. The second terminal is spaced from the first terminal, with the second terminal being arranged in electrical communication with the first terminal. A heater element brings the first terminal in electrical communication with the second terminal and completes an electrical circuit. The heater element has a resistance greater than the first and second terminals thereby producing a significant source of heat.

Abstract: A warm-up air system to aid cold start up is provided. The system includes a turbine with electrical heaters linked to a throttle body or to an air sending tube to the throttle body forming a warmed up air circulation circuit. The system also includes valves controlled by an electronic unit.

Abstract: A solenoid switch for a vehicle starter includes a housing defining an axial direction and a circumferential direction, a cap carrying a pair of contact studs, a solenoid core mounted in the housing in front of the cap, and an elastic element clamped between the front end of the cap and the solenoid core. The housing defines first retention portions at first circumferential with the first retention portions being separated from each other in the circumferential direction. The front end of the cap is fixedly clamped at the first circumferential locations between the first retention portions and a flange which is formed by radially inwardly crimping a back end of the housing. The front end of the cap is pushed against the flange by the elastic element at second circumferential locations each defined between two neighboring first circumferential locations. A vehicle starter includes the solenoid switch.

Abstract: A solenoid switch for a vehicle starter is disclosed, which comprises a housing defining an axial direction; a cap carrying a pair of contact studs, the cap having a front end which is fixed in the housing; a solenoid core mounted in the housing in front of the cap; and an elastic element having a maximum (extreme) allowance compression in the axial direction, the elastic element being compressed between the cap and the solenoid core in the axial direction by an elastic pre-compression amount which is smaller than the maximum allowance compression; wherein the solenoid core is supported by the housing at its front side and is supported by the elastic element at its back side. A vehicle starter comprising such a solenoid switch is also disclosed. Axial bouncing of the cap can be reduced by the invention.

Abstract: A dynamic variable intake tubing includes a dynamic swirl supercharging tube which has a tubular member. The tubular member has a through hole axially penetrated. Flow-guiding grooves which follow a forward helical course or a reverse helical course are disposed on an inner peripheral surface of the through hole. At least a bearing is disposed around an outer circumferential surface of the tubular member to enable the tubular member to rotate freely. Flow-guiding blades are disposed at an intake end of the tubular member for ushering in gas current and guiding the gas current to the flow-guiding grooves. The flow-guiding grooves speed up intake and render combustion complete while an engine is operating at high rotational speed. The dynamic variable intake tubing generates an appropriate back pressure while the engine is operating in low speed, thereby increasing torque output and enhancing the performance of the dynamic swirl twofold to fivefold.

Abstract: A device 101 for reducing the acidity of motor oil for combustion engines, which device is part of the engine's lubrication system and contains monovalent cation exchanger 102, 202. It also relates to a method for regulating the acidity of motor oil whereby the oil is caused to pass through the acidity-regulating device. A vehicle is provided with the acidity-regulating device for motor oil.

Abstract: A rotary piston engine is disclosed. In one aspect, the engine includes a rotary piston rotating in a housing. The engine also includes a piston flank wall extending at least between two apex edges adjacent on the circumferential wall of the piston. The engine further includes a combustion chamber formed between the piston flank wall, an inner circumferential wall of the housing, and inner side walls of the housing, wherein the spark plug is connected to the combustion chamber by at least one spark plug channel. The spark plug channel has a substantially circular, elliptical or slot-like formed cross-section and the spark plug is arranged in a spark plug cavity having a larger diameter than the spark plug channel. The volume of the spark plug cavity is arranged relatively to thee spark plug channel substantially at the rear side, seen in the direction of rotation.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for a combustion engine with direct injection and in particular to switching between two types of fuel is disclosed. A high-pressure pump (10) is connected to a combustion engine and the high-pressure rail for the direct injection of a fuel. At least two fuel storages (21,27) containing petrol and liquefied gas are present. The arrangement allows for switching from one fuel to another. Switching occurs by purging a fuel from the high-pressure pump (10) and the fuel supply line connected thereto by temporarily collecting the fuel in a purge unit (28). The purge unit (28) is arranged for purging the high-pressure pump (10), thus forcing out the prevailing fuel and replacing it with the new fuel.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an apparatus for controlling operation of an internal combustion engine includes a conditions module that is configured to determine an out-of-gear condition of the internal combustion engine. The apparatus also includes a permission module that is configured to allow a speed of the internal combustion engine to exceed a maximum engine speed limit if the determined out-of-gear condition meets a threshold, and prevent the speed of the internal combustion engine from exceeding the maximum engine speed limit if the determined out-of-gear condition does not meet the threshold.

Abstract: While an engine is miming with all engine cylinders being fueled, a historical record of engine output torque and engine speed is compiled. When the historical record discloses a change in engine operation from a relatively greater output torque and engine speed to a relatively lesser output torque and speed, fueling of at least one engine cylinder ceases while engine output torque and engine speed remain substantially unchanged at the relatively lesser output torque and speed by continuing fueling of other engine cylinders and by causing at least one mechanism to control the timing of operation of cylinder intake and exhaust valves of the at least one engine cylinder to substantially minimize pumping loss attributable to the at least one engine cylinder.

Abstract: A motor vehicle provided with an internal combustion engine having a system for variable actuation of the intake valves has a phase of activation of an operating mode with the engine off and the vehicle moving, in which the fuel supply to the engine is cut-off. After the cut-off of the fuel supply to the engine, the system for variable actuation of the intake valves is controlled to vary the opening time and/or closing time and/or the lift of the intake valves so as to control the losses due to the pumping effect which occur within the engine in cut-off condition.

Abstract: A variable throttle device comprises at least two fixed throttle orifices and one switch device. The at least two fixed throttle orifices are connected in series; and the switch device is connected in parallel with at least one of the at least two fixed throttle orifices. In another implementation, a variable throttle device comprises at least two throttle passages and one switch device, each of the at least two throttle passages has at least one fixed throttle orifice or a plurality of fixed throttle orifices connected in series, the at least two throttle passages are connected in parallel, and the switch device is connected in series with at least one of the at least two throttle passages to selectively open or close the at least one throttle passage. The variable throttle device can increase or decrease the throttling resistance to meet the requirements of the valve seating velocity under different operating conditions.

Abstract: A diagnostic routine momentarily forces an engine to an alternative operating condition, and at the same time adjust fuelling of the engine so as to be appropriate to the alternative operating condition (31). In one embodiment substantially unchanged exhaust constituents (32) indicate correct adoption of the alternative operating condition. In another embodiment a substantial change in a calculated measure is indicative of correct adoption of the alternative condition. The invention allows better control of undesired exhaust emissions during operation of the diagnostic.

Abstract: Various methods and system are described for determining ambient humidity via an exhaust gas sensor disposed in an exhaust system of a variable displacement engine. A reference voltage of a sensor coupled to an inactive engine bank is modulated between a first and second voltage to estimate ambient humidity. Concurrently, a reference voltage of a sensor coupled to an active engine bank is modulated between the first and second voltage, or at the first voltage, to estimate fuel alcohol content, or exhaust air-fuel ratio, respectively.

Abstract: Methods of engine system control responsive to oxygen concentration estimated from engine cylinder pressure.

Abstract: Various embodiments include engine carburetors. Various embodiments provide for methods of cylinder manufacturing engines. Various embodiments provide for methods of cylinder manufacturing four-stroke engines. Various embodiments provide for methods of cylinder manufacturing two-stroke engines.