Abstract: Voltage-change convergence time (?) taken from the termination of charging and discharging of a secondary battery until the convergence of change in open-circuit voltage is measured in advance for each combination of the state-of-charge of the secondary battery at a charging and discharging termination time and the temperature of the secondary battery at the charging and discharging termination time. When the charging and discharging of the secondary battery is terminated in actual use, voltage-change convergence time (?) corresponding to the temperature and the state-of-charge based on the integrated current value at the charging and discharging termination time is selected and the selected voltage-change convergence time (?) is applied to a voltage characteristic formula.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus for analyzing an electrolyte of a redox flow battery. The method includes passing a first electrolyte solution or a second electrolyte solution through each of a first auxiliary cell and a second auxiliary cell connected to a main cell and a storage tank, closing at least one of the first auxiliary cell and the second auxiliary cell, applying current to the first auxiliary cell and the second auxiliary cell; creating data by measuring a voltage between the first auxiliary cell and the second auxiliary cell, and analyzing an electrolyte contained in the electrolyte solution in the first auxiliary cell or the second auxiliary cell based on variation in the voltage between the first auxiliary cell and the second auxiliary cell according to time. According to the present invention, information on an electrolyte can be obtained more efficiently and easily.

Abstract: A first part circuit and an operational amplifier form a level shift circuit, which selects either one of battery cells forming an assembled battery and extracts and holds a voltage representing an inter-terminal voltage of a selected battery cell. A second part circuit and the operational amplifier form a residual voltage generation circuit, which generates a residual voltage by amplifying a differential voltage between a conversion subject voltage and an analog voltage corresponding to a conversion result of an A/D conversion circuit and applies the residual voltage to the A/D conversion circuit as a conversion subject voltage. A switchover circuit operates the operational amplifier as either one of the level shift circuit and the residual voltage generation circuit and switches over a connection-state to apply a voltage held by the level shift circuit to the A/D conversion circuit and the residual voltage generation circuit as a conversion subject voltage.

Abstract: A method for determining the internal resistance of battery cells includes connecting at least one first decoupled battery module to a battery bank to generate a first voltage during the operation of an electric motor. The battery cells are arranged in battery modules of a battery. The battery is connected to the electric motor. The battery modules are arranged at least one battery bank and the battery modules are configured to connect in series to the battery bank to generate an output voltage of the battery and decouple from the battery bank. The method further includes determining the internal resistance of the first battery module during the connection of the battery module. The method further includes decoupling a predetermined number of second battery modules from the battery bank where the second battery modules generate a second voltage similar to the first voltage within a predetermined tolerance limit.

Abstract: A battery system includes a secondary battery and a controller. A battery voltage of the secondary battery is more susceptible to a positive electrode potential than to a negative electrode potential. The controller acquires a relationship between a resistance change rate and a current value in the secondary battery in a less charged state and determines the deterioration state of the secondary battery based on the acquired relationship. The controller determines the deterioration state of the secondary battery by using a first correlation and a second correlation. In the first correlation, the resistance change rate is reduced as the current value is increased when only deterioration due to wear of the secondary battery (wear deterioration) occurs. In the second correlation, the resistance change rate is increased as the current value is increased when only deterioration due to a salt concentration distribution within the secondary battery (high rate deterioration) occurs.

Abstract: A vertical Hall sensor includes a Hall effect region and a plurality of contacts formed in or on a surface of the Hall effect region. The plurality of contacts are arranged in a sequence along a path extending between a first end and a second end of the Hall effect region. The plurality of contacts includes at least four spinning current contacts and at least two supply-only contacts. The spinning current contacts are configured to alternatingly function as supply contacts and sense contacts according to a spinning current scheme. The at least four spinning current contacts are arranged along a central portion of the path. The at least two supply-only contacts are arranged on both sides of the central portion in a distributed manner and are configured to supply electrical energy to the Hall effect region according to an extension of the spinning current scheme.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a magnetic field sensing device and method. The magnetic field sensing device includes a pinned layer with a first magnetization direction, an analyzer with a second magnetization direction, wherein the first and the second magnetization directions form an angle, and a sensing layer of magnetic material, located between the analyzer and the pinned layer. The magnetic field sensing method includes: providing a pinned layer with a first magnetization direction, providing an analyzer with a second magnetization direction, wherein the first and the second magnetization directions form an angle, and providing a sensing layer of magnetic material, located between the analyzer and the pinned layer.

Abstract: A cryogenic refrigeration system is provided having particular application in cooling a Magnetic Resonance Imaging system. The cryogenic refrigeration system comprises a conduit arranged as a cooling circuit through which a coolant fluid is pumped, the conduit being in thermal communication with a least one cooled stage for cooling the coolant fluid to a first temperature, and wherein the conduit comprises a cryotrap in communication with the coolant fluid, the cryotrap being operable to remove contaminants from the coolant fluid by cryogenic pumping. The conduit further comprises a flow impedance for cooling the coolant fluid to a second temperature lower than the first temperature, and a hydrogen filter upstream of the flow impedance and in communication with the coolant fluid, the hydrogen filter being cooled to a temperature below the freezing point of hydrogen in the coolant fluid and operable to remove contaminant hydrogen from the coolant fluid.

Abstract: A cooling device is provided for an MRI system. A regulation unit for driving a refrigerant to subject the MRI system to a refrigeration cycle is based on a pre-collected cooling power demand of the MRI system in at least one state. By way of the cooling device and cooling method, the amount of energy needed to cool the MRI device is reduced.

Abstract: The present embodiments provide a gradient coil assembly. The gradient coil assembly includes an aluminum wire body, and a copper wire end connected by cold pressure welding to two ends of the aluminum wire body. Using the gradient coil according to a particular embodiment, it is possible to reduce gradient coil weight as well as reduce the thickness of an outer vacuum chamber used for a magnet, thereby reducing the cost of the magnet and gradient coil, and making it less difficult to install and maintain the magnet and gradient coil. There is no problem of oxidation associated with the cold pressure welding of the aluminum wire body to the copper wire ends, so quality defects arising from such oxidation are avoided.

Abstract: An improved system for interfacing with a subject material is provided where an interface material having target atoms with a known nuclear quadrupole resonance frequency is purposely associated with a subject material. An excitation signal is used to cause a nuclear quadrupole resonance of the target atoms and a receiving devices receives a received signal comprising a probe signal energy. A signal sampling device samples the received signal to produce detection data that is used for at least one of detecting the subject material, locating the subject material, tracking the subject material, or conveying information.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining electrical properties using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are provided. One method includes applying an ultra-short echo time (TE) pulse sequence in a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) system and acquiring a complex B1+B1? quantity from an object following the application of the ultra-short TE pulse sequence, where B1+ is a complex amplitude of a transmit radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field and B1? is a complex amplitude of a receive RF magnetic field. The method also includes estimating, with a processor, one or more electrical properties of the object using the complex amplitudes of the transmit RF magnetic field and the receive RF magnetic field.

Abstract: In a structural analysis using NMR techniques, a method for gathering k-value data from frequency encoded spin echoes generated from internal volumes selectively excited by intersecting 90° and 180° slice selective and refocusing RF pulses and subjected to a read gradient for the purpose of quantifying the spatial frequency content of the selected internal volume without contamination by a FID signal, comprising: acquiring spin echo data such that the FID signal generated by imperfections in the 180° slice selective refocusing RF pulse is attenuated by the read gradient such that any remaining FID signal is spatially encoded with higher k-values than the frequency encoded k-values being recorded for subsequent structural analysis while simultaneously providing for t2 t2* and t1 contrast. Other aspects of the invention are disclosed.

Abstract: A method and system for determining a property of a substance using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is described herein. The method includes applying a NMR pulse sequence to the substance. The NMR pulse sequence includes a first set of pulses and a second set of pulses. The first set of pulses and the second set of pulses encode for overlapping diffusion times. By overlapping diffusion times, the NMR pulse sequence can be used to measure a diffusion coefficient for a first diffusion time, a diffusion coefficient for a second diffusion time, and a correlation between the two overlapping diffusion times. This information, in turn, can be used to differentiate between intrinsic bulk diffusivity of the substance and the reduced diffusivity of the substance caused by restricted diffusion.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to an embodiment includes a processor and a memory. The memory stores processor-executable instructions that cause the processor to perform an application region scan for acquiring data on an area covering a diaphragm in order to position an application region of a motion detection pulse and a multi-slice scan for acquiring first multi-slice data on an area covering a heart; and acquire a slice image of the heart that is positioned using the first multi-slice data, with application of the motion detection pulse. In acquiring the slice image, when breathing motion of a subject is continuously out of an allowable range for a given period, the processor corrects a position of the application region by calculation using the second multi-slice data acquired by performing the multi-slice scan again and a positional relationship obtained by the application region scan and the multi-slice scan.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a medical apparatus which includes a motion mechanism which has at least one degree of freedom, an actuator configured to drive the motion mechanism and a control unit configured to control the actuator, and which operates in a magnetic field environment of an MRI, the medical apparatus including: a data storage unit in which data related to magnetic susceptibility of the actuator is stored; a calculating unit configured to calculate information related to an influence which the actuator exerts upon the magnetic field environment by calculation based on the magnetic susceptibility; and a communication unit configured to output the information to the MRI. An influence which an apparatus which operates in a strong magnetic field environment exerts upon an MR image can be reduced.

Abstract: A method includes controlling a plurality of rotors to cause a plurality of antennas to traverse a flight path. Traversing the flight path includes concurrent translation of a body in a horizontal plane and rotation of the body about an axis. The plurality of rotors is coupled to the body. The method also includes, while traversing the flight path, receiving a first phase measurement of a first signal via a first antenna of a plurality of antennas and receiving a second phase measurement of the first signal via a second antenna of the plurality of antennas. The method further includes determining position information related to a location of the transmitter based at least in part on the first phase measurement and the second phase measurement.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for navigation, in particular a method for pedestrian navigation in a building, using a mobile electronic device and a multiplicity of transmitters arranged in the building. In addition, the invention relates to a method for integrating at least one further transmitter in a navigation system, in particular in a pedestrian navigation in a building, in which method the navigation system comprises pre-installed transmitters in addition to the further transmitter(s), at least one electronic device and an application that can run on the electronic device, wherein a floor plan of the building, the locations of the pre-installed transmitters and the identifiers of the pre-installed transmitters are saved in a database of the application.

Abstract: The present invention provide a sunlight collection device, it comprises a concentrator array composed by a plurality of concentrators and a light sensor electrically connected to the controller, the concentrator comprises a collecting cup and a collecting lens fixed to the collecting cup, a optical fiber runs through and is fixed at the bottom of the collecting cup, a plurality of light detection units which are electrically connected to the controller are provided around the optical fiber at the bottom of the collecting cup.

Abstract: A determining method executed by a processor includes obtaining distance information that indicates a distance between monitoring apparatuses disposed to encompass a given area in which wireless communications apparatuses are scattered; causing a wireless signal to be transmitted and received between the monitoring apparatuses by multi-hop communication among the wireless communications apparatuses; calculating an estimated distance between the monitoring apparatuses, based on a hop count of the wireless signal multi-hop communicated among the monitoring apparatuses; and making a determination concerning a vacant area in which none of the wireless communications apparatuses is present, based on a result of comparison of the distance indicated by the obtained distance information and the calculated estimated distance.

Abstract: Systems and methods are directed to information exchange between a location point (LP) and a wireless device. A LP may include a network access point (AP) and/or a dedicated location entity. In one embodiment, supplemental location-related information of a LP including, but not limited to, a geographic location source, geographic location accuracy, geographic location update time, LP type, distance from another LP, and/or timing offset calibration accuracy, may be wirelessly transmitted from a LP to a wireless device.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter circuit for a radar apparatus, the analog-to-digital converter circuit including analog-to-digital converters that are electronically reconfigurable to operate in a multi-channel mode with a first bandwidth by clocking the ADCs in phase with one another, or a single-channel mode with a second bandwidth higher than the first bandwidth by clocking the ADCs out of phase with one another and optimizing the intermediate frequency for the respective mode.

Abstract: A radar system. The radar system may include a housing having a base for mounting on a marine vessel. The radar system may include a radar disposed inside the housing. The radar system may include an antenna coupled to the radar. The radar system may also include a lighting system having a light source, and where a portion of the lighting system is disposed inside the housing. The radar system may include a controller coupled to the lighting system.

Abstract: In a method and system, a distance between at least one first positioning device, FPD, and an second positioning device, SPD, is determined. At the FPD, a plurality of positioning signals are broadcast, wherein each positioning signal has a predetermined different broadcast power. At the FPD, a plurality of distance indication data signals is broadcast. Each distance indication data signal carries predetermined distance indication data associated with a distance range of a corresponding positioning signal at the predetermined broadcast power. At the SPD, the distance indication data are extracted from each distance indication data signal corresponding to a received positioning signal. At the SPD, a distance between the FPD and the SPD is determined from the distance indication data indicating the smallest distance range among the distance indication data received from the FPD.

Abstract: A device and methods are provided for detecting data points using an integrated radar sensor. In one embodiment, a method includes determining position of a device, detecting data points by an integrated radar sensor of the device, wherein the data points are determined for one or more points in space associated with one or more objects, and generating a spatial model of the one or more objects based on the detected data points. The device and methods may advantageously be employed for one or more of mapping, modeling, planning, machine control, navigation and object tracking.

Abstract: A multichip radar system is disclosed, comprising a plurality of configurable ICs, and a digital interface therebetween, each configurable IC being configurable to operate as a master IC and as a slave IC. The configurable ICs may be similar or identical, and have an allocated measurement range. Each configurable IC comprises: a down-converter; an ADC; a digital signal processor; and a transmitter to transmit a radar signal. One is configured as a master IC and to transmit a radar signal and each of the other configurable ICs to operate as a slave IC. Each configurable IC is adapted to use a common Local Oscillator signal, a common clock signal, and a common timing signal for determining at least the start of the common sampling window. A method of operating such a multichip radar system is also disclosed, as is a configurable IC or radar IC suitable for such a system.

Abstract: Sidelobe suppression methods and systems for use in processing radar video streams generated by rotational radar antenna scanners. The sidelobe suppression methods function in parallel with traditional Sensitivity Control (SC) processing by selectively reducing sensitivity where necessary depending on sidelobe suppression schemes that can be either directional, omni-directional (non-directional), or a combination of these.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus for detecting a surrounding environment based on a Continuous Wave (CW) radar sensing signal and a Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar sensing signal. A method of detecting a target based on a Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar sensing signal and a Continuous Wave (CW) radar sensing signal may include sending, by a radar, the CW radar sensing signal for detecting the target and receiving a first response signal that is a response to the CW radar sensing signal; sending, by the radar, the FMCW radar sensing signal for detecting the target and receiving a second response signal that is a response to the FMCW radar sensing signal; generating, by the radar, the frequency spectrum of a beat signal by performing signal processing on the first response signal and the second response signal.

Abstract: A rotor blade comprising fiber-reinforced plastic for a wind power plant is provided with a radar absorber embedded into the fiber-reinforced plastic. The rotor blade includes a layer close to the surface with a defined electrical sheet resistivity of 100 to 800 ohm/square, which is located at a depth of 2 to 5 mm below the surface. The rotor blade also includes a layer far removed from the surface with a defined electrical sheet resistivity of at a maximum 50 ohm/square at a distance to the layer close to the surface of 5 to 16 mm. The integrated radar absorber covers one or several discrete surface sections of the rotor blade, without covering the entire surface of the rotor blade.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for imaging a region of interest in an obscured environment. A millimeter band radar assembly is configured to capture a radar image of the region of interest. A data source provides a representation of at least a portion of the region of interest. A data fusion module is configured to combine the radar image and the representation of the region of interest to provide an enhanced representation of the region of interest.

Abstract: A mobile computer may use building information to determine its indoor location or position. The mobile computer determines the dimensions of a room in a building using range determination or a range finder in the mobile computer. The determined dimensions of the room may be compared to the building information to locate, position, or track the mobile computer in the building.

Abstract: An optical divider is disposed, in front of at least one of the transmitter and receiver elements, therebetween, and at least one of a transmission and reception side, and has a plurality of optical dividing pieces each having an optical deflection surface on which an angle of a detection ray is varied to a plurality of angles for dividing the detection ray toward a plurality of division areas. The optical deflection surface on at least one of the transmission and reception side is set to have a given angle, to assign at least one of the detection ray from the transmitter elements and toward the receiver elements, to a given division area, such that a combination of the transmitter and receiver elements forming one of the division areas is different from a combination of the transmitter and receiver elements forming another one of the division areas.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus measuring a flight time of a search wave corresponding to a time after the search wave is emitted and before a reflected wave is received is provided. The measurement apparatus includes a transceiver, a memory portion, a sampling portion, a measurement portion, and a determination portion. The transceiver emits the search wave and receives the reflected wave. The sampling portion generates a sampling data and causes the memory portion to store the sampling data. The sampling portion includes a first processing unit and a second processing unit. The first processing unit causes the memory portion to store the sampling data as a first signal data. The second processing unit causes the memory portion to store the sampling data as a second signal data. The measurement portion measures the flight time and generates a measurement value of the flight time. The determination portion determines a sampling period.

Abstract: An apparatus aspect of the disclosure includes a lidar transmitter emitting laser beams, and scan mirrors (or assemblies) angularly adjustable to deflect the beams in orthogonal directions. In one aspect, afocal optics magnify deflection, a transmitter aperture transmits the beam, and a lidar receiver doesn't share the transmitter aperture. In another aspect, auxiliary optics calibrate the deflection. A method aspect of the disclosure includes noticing and responding to a remote source, using a local laser, adjustable scan mirror or assembly, afocal deflection magnifier, transmission aperture and separate receiver. Method steps described include operating the receiver to notice and determine the location of the remote source, and controlling the transmitter to direct laser light back toward that location.

Abstract: The various embodiments herein provide a method and system for obtaining geospatial data on infrastructure networks. The system comprises mobile laser scanner mounted on top of a vehicle with Global Positioning System, a floating inertial measurement unit and cameras. The method of mobile laser scanning process comprises verifying all components of laser scanning system for their functionality after collecting permissions; performing real data validation of the laser scanner; conducting mobile laser scanning by transmitting and receiving laser pulses; correcting the geometrical errors using GNSS reference data; generating LAS file by combining surveyed laser data and GNSS data; constructing 3D surfaced based model; analyzing the surface model and extracting the layout of polyethylene infrastructure to observe the diameter and shape of the polyethylene pipes using the equation S = Prm × 726.35 7708.38 .

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating and distributing satellite tracking data to a remote receiver is disclosed. The method for includes extracting from satellite-tracking data initial model parameters representing a current orbit of at least one satellite-positioning-system satellite, computing an orbit model using the initial model parameters, wherein a duration of the orbit model is longer than a duration of the satellite-tracking data, comparing, for an overlapping period of time, the orbit model to the satellite-tracking data; and adjusting the orbit model to match the satellite tracking data for the overlapping period of time so as to form an adjusted orbit model. The adjusted orbit model comprises the long-term-satellite-tracking data.

Abstract: An integrated machine guidance system for guiding a critical device of a machine includes global navigation satellite system (GNSS) antennas, a GNSS receiver, a guidance controller, and a wireless communication system enclosed in a housing. The guidance controller is adapted to compute an actual position of the critical device and determine a direction that the critical device should move to arrive at a desired position. The housing may be coupled to a mounting element, which is attached to the critical device. A display unit is in communication with the guidance controller, and is coupled to the housing so that it is visible to an operator in the cab of the machine. The guidance controller may communicate with another display unit located remote from the housing via the wireless communication system. Each of the display units can provide an indication of the direction that the critical device should move.

Abstract: Assisted-GPS for a portable biometric monitoring device is provided. The portable biometric monitoring device may obtain updated ephemeris data from an associated secondary device via a short-range, low-power communication protocol. The secondary device may be a computing device such as a smartphone, tablet, or laptop. Various rules may control when the ephemeris data is updated. The ephemeris data may be used in the calculation of the global position of the portable biometric monitoring device. Additionally, the portable biometric monitoring device may communicate downloaded position fixing data to the associated secondary device. The associated secondary device may then calculate the global position from the position fixing data.

Abstract: Apparatus comprises: one or more memories configured to store data sets for each of plural positioning satellites, the data set for a satellite comprising ephemeris extension data and data relating to a lifetime or expiry of the ephemeris extension data, wherein the data relating to a lifetime or expiry of the ephemeris extension data is different for at least two satellites; and one or more processors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for detecting ambiguities in a satellite signal for the GPS tracking of vessels, which includes: a GNSS receiving unit obtaining a vessel position using a plurality of satellites; a vessel position calculating unit calculating a second vessel position from a first vessel position after a specific amount of time elapses using dead-reckoning; a distance calculating unit calculating prediction distances between each of the satellites and the vessel and an error monitoring unit comparing the calculated prediction distances between the satellites and the vessel, and pseudoranges between the satellites and the GNSS receiving unit at the second vessel position, and monitoring for the occurrence of errors at the satellites on the basis of the existence of an increase in errors at each of the satellites.

Abstract: A sequential estimation method for real-time positioning or navigation systems is performed by, at each iteration: propagating a first state estimate into a state prediction, and then forming a second state estimate, by updating the state prediction using state measurements. The first state estimate is valid at a first time and comprises estimated values of a plurality of state parameters, the plurality of state parameters including at least one state parameter referring to a time earlier than the first time. The second state estimate is valid at a second time and comprises estimated values of said plurality of state parameters, the plurality of state parameters including at least one state parameter referring to a time earlier than the second time. The state measurements comprise measurements relating to state parameters at the second time and measurements relating to state parameters at the time earlier than the second time.

Abstract: A radiation dosimeter includes: a radiation detector that detects radiation; a shield member that covers the radiation detector; and a microcomputer that calculates a dose of radiation based on energy of radiation detected by the radiation detector and a conversion factor that is defined in accordance with energy of radiation scattered by the shield member. The radiation detector detects the radiation scattered by the shield member.

Abstract: A scintillator plate includes a substrate, a buffer layer, a scintillator layer arranged on the buffer layer, and a protective layer. The buffer layer and/or the protective layer is colored. A method for the production of the scintillator plate is also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to quaternary compound scintillators and related devices and methods. The scintillators may include, for example, a mixed halide scintillator composition including at least two different CsLiLa halide compounds and a dopant. Related detection devices and methods are further included.

Abstract: A radiographic image capturing device includes: plural radiation dose detection pixels that respectively output signal values according to a dose of irradiated radiation; a determination unit that determines a presence or absence of defects, block-by-block, based on signal values of radiation dose detection pixels included in each of plural blocks, which are arranged such that the respective blocks include at least a portion of the plural radiation dose detection pixels; a block rearrangement unit that performs block rearrangement to change the arrangement of the plural blocks according to a determination result of the determination unit; and a detection unit that detects a dose of irradiated radiation based on signal values of each arranged block or of each rearranged block.

Abstract: A technique includes generating seismic sweep sequences. Each of the seismic sweep sequences has an associated sweep rate. The technique includes varying the sweep rates to reduce harmonic distortion present in a composite seismic measurement produced in response to the sweep sequences.

Abstract: Various implementations described herein are directed to a method of performing a land seismic survey operation. The method may include receiving a first information from a central recording system by a computer system on a seismic truck. The first information describes time and locations of seismic shots being performed in the seismic survey operation. The method may include using a set of rules and the first information to determine a start time for a seismic shot at a next shot location. The method may also include transmitting a second information that describes the next shot location and the start time to the central recording system.

Abstract: A method of imaging a subterranean formation. The method includes emitting a primary wave from a source point, such that a portion of the primary wave travels into the subterranean formation and is refracted along a geologic layer in the subterranean formation and then emitted as a secondary wave from a refraction point on a boundary between the geologic layer and another geologic layer. The method also includes allowing a portion of the secondary wave to be reflected from a first reflection point as a tertiary wave. The method further includes allowing a portion of the tertiary wave to be reflected from a second reflection point as a quaternary wave, and collecting data about the quaternary wave at an observation point.

Abstract: Embodiments of a system and method for identifying discontinuities in a subsurface volume of interest are disclosed herein. Embodiments utilize analysis of azimuthal variations in trim statics corrections calculated on offset groups of flattened CDP gathers to identify discontinuities.

Abstract: Depth and tilt control systems for geophysical sensor streamers and methods of use are discussed. Such systems may include a plurality of tilt sensors disposed at spaced apart locations along the geophysical sensor streamer, each tilt sensor having a first tilt sensing element arranged to measure tilt of the geophysical sensor streamer proximate the associated spaced apart location, a plurality of LFD control devices, each disposed proximate one of the tilt sensors along the geophysical sensor streamer, and a plurality of microcontrollers, each microcontroller in signal communication with at least one of the LFD control devices and its associated tilt sensor, wherein each microcontroller is capable of utilizing the tilt measured by the associated tilt sensor to selectively operate the associated LFD control device to cause the geophysical sensor streamer to align with a selected depth profile.