Abstract: A voltage converter circuit, includes: a power switch for generating a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) signal to drive a current load, wherein the PWM signal toggles between a first level and a second level; a sensing pin, receiving a first sensing signal when the PWM signal is at the first level, and receiving a second sensing signal when the PWM signal is at the second level; a parameter sampling and setting unit, having an input terminal coupling to the sensing pin, generating a default current or a default voltage on the sensing pin and sampling the second sensing signal to generate a sampling signal when the PWM signal is at the second level, and holding the sampling signal to set a parameter of the voltage converter circuit when the PWM signal is at the first level.

Abstract: A signal transmitting connector of the present disclosure includes a connection terminal portion comprising a terminal that executes at least one of outputting of an electric signal to an external device or inputting of the electric signal from an external device, a connector portion comprising a photoelectric converting portion that executes photoelectric conversion between an optical signal and the electric signal, and a cable holding portion that holds an optical fiber transmitting the optical signal, the cable holding portion comprising one or a plurality of cable holding portion mirror(s) each forming an optical path between the optical fiber and the photoelectric converting portion.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide optical modules which input and output wavelength multiplexed optical signals to and from an optical waveguide, and a manufacturing method thereof. In one embodiment, an optical module comprises light emitting and light receiving element pairs that are positioned on grooves of one or more optical waveguides, where each light emitting and light receiving element pair corresponds to a different wavelength of light. Each light emitting and light receiving element pair includes an optical pin comprising an inclined surface and a light selecting filter that are configured to reflect light of a corresponding wavelength from an optical waveguide to the light receiving element, and from the light emitting element to the optical waveguide.

Abstract: A mounting apparatus for mounting an optical element on a wiring board having a reflecting mirror part of an optical waveguide on its back side comprises a mounting table that supports the wiring board by a holding area, a mounting nozzle that holds the optical element and mounts it on the wiring board, a light source that emits light for illuminating the reflecting mirror part by transmission through the holding area, an image pickup apparatus that captures a transmitted light image of the reflecting mirror part, and a control apparatus that determines a mounting position of the optical element based on the transmitted light image, thereby achieving high density mounting without providing a light introducing part for positioning in mounting the optical axis.

Abstract: An integrated module includes a first component having a photonic device and electrical pads at a first side and a second side opposite to the first side, and a second component having electrical pads and bonded to the first component by matching their electrical pads. An optical signal is incident from an external medium to the photonic device through an anti-reflection coating at the second side of the first component, a partially-etched opening, or an etch-through opening. The opening can either be in the first component so the optical signal is incident at the photonic device from the second side or the opening can be in the second component so the optical signal is incident at the photonic device through part of the second component. When bonding the first component to the second component, a protrusion and indentation pair can be used to increase the alignment accuracy.

Abstract: An optical fiber connector includes a first optical-electric coupling element, a second optical-electric coupling element and an elastic location cap. The first optical-electric coupling element includes a location post. The second optical-electric coupling element defines a location hole. The elastic location cap defines a receiving hole. A length of the location post is greater than a length of the location hole. The location post is inserted into the location post to assemble the first optical-electric coupling element to the second optical-electric coupling element, with an exposed portion of the location post exposing out of the location hole. The elastic location cap caps the location post with the exposed portion received in the receiving hole.

Abstract: An electronic device including a casing, an optical fiber connector and a protecting cover is provided. The case includes an opening and a first engaging member. The optical fiber connector is disposed in the opening. The protecting cover is disposed at the opening and includes a second engaging member movably engaged with the first engaging member so that the optical fiber connector is exposed or shielded by the protecting cover. An optical fiber connector having a connecting port, a first engaging member and a protecting cover is further provided. The first engaging member is disposed besides the connecting port. A second engaging member of the protecting cover is movably disposed at the first engaging member so that the protecting cover exposes or shields the connecting port. The protecting cover is capable of fixing an optical fiber cable and shielding a light emitted from the optical fiber connector.

Abstract: A fiber optic and electrical connection system includes a fiber optic cable, a ruggedized fiber optic connector, a ruggedized fiber optic adapter, and a fiber optic enclosure. The cable includes one or more electrically conducting strength members. The connector, the adapter, and the enclosure each have one or more electrical conductors. The cable is terminated by the connector with the conductors of the connector in electrical communication with the strength members. The conductors of the connector electrically contact the conductors of the adapter when the connector and the adapter are mechanically connected. And, the conductors of the adapter electrically contact the conductors of the enclosure when the adapter is mounted on the enclosure.

Abstract: A multimedia data transmission device configured for connecting a data source and a multimedia display device includes a first connection terminal, a second connection terminal, and a transmission cable. The first connection terminal is electrically connected to the data source. The second connection terminal is optically coupled with the multimedia display device. The transmission cable is optically interconnected between the first connection terminal and the second connection terminal.

Abstract: An optical fiber cable includes a bundle of a plurality of loose tubes held by a polyethylene binder. The polyethylene binder softens or melts when a hot cable sheath is applied during the cable manufacturing process. This prevents the polyethylene binder to cut into the loose tubes to cause indentations. Therefore, the resulting optical fiber cable is substantially free from indentations.

Abstract: A conductive water blocking material and an optical fiber cable and method of constructing an optical fiber cable including the same. The cable includes at least one optical fiber and strength members disposed around the fiber. A conductor is disposed around the strength members. The conductive water blocking material includes a carrier material and conductive metallic particles and is provided in strength member interstices defined by the strength members.

Abstract: A fiber optic cable includes a strength member, tubes coupled to the strength member, and optical fibers. The strength member provides tensile and anti-buckling strength. The tubes have a cavity into which the optical fibers are packed. The cable is stretchable in that the optical fibers experience less than 0.5 dB/km of increased average attenuation at 1310 nanometers wavelength when the cable experiences strain of up to 2×10?3.

Abstract: A wall box includes an enclosure having a base and a cover connected to the base. The base and the cover enclose an interior region. The wall box further includes a plurality of fiber optic adapters mounted to the enclosure. The fiber optic adapters include an inner port positioned inside the interior region and an outer port positioned at an outer surface of the enclosure. A tray stack is mounted within the interior region. The tray stack includes a tray mount pivotally connected to the enclosure. The tray mount includes a top surface and an oppositely disposed bottom surface. A first splice tray mounting area is disposed on the top surface and a second splice tray mounting area is disposed on the bottom surface. A plurality of trays is disposed in the first splice tray mounting area. A tray is disposed in the second splice tray mounting area.

Abstract: The manifold is provided with a first cable passage at a first longitudinal position and a second cable passage at a second longitudinal position, wherein a releasable pipe segment is present between the first and the second longitudinal positions. It is suitable for use in a pipe, such as a pressure sewer. In use, a cable would be laid through the pipe with the manifold. Thereafter, the releasable pipe segment would be removed from neighbouring pipe shells. The cable would be inserted into the cable passages, and a second pipe segment would replace the initial pipe segment.

Abstract: In one aspect, a lighted tip for attachment to a flexible rod comprises a tip body having proximal and distal ends, a mechanical connector at the proximal end, a lens connected to the distal end, a light source that emits light through the lens, and a holder coupled to the light source and the lens. A circuit is completed or interrupted as the holder moves in relation to the tip body, thereby switching the light source on or off. In another aspect, a lighted tip for attachment to a flexible rod comprises a lens forming a distal end of the lighted tip. The lens is cylindrical over at least some of its length, and the tip further includes a light source at least partially within the cylindrical lens portion and a mechanical connector at a proximal end if the lighted tip, for connecting the tip to the flexible rod.

Abstract: A hands free color value tool that can be used by a designer to determine the desired contrast in their design, which will lead to a better and more memorable design.

Abstract: The fixing structure of the micro projector includes a base, a plurality of abutting members and a plurality of fixing components. The base has an assembling plane. The abutting members are respectively disposed on the assembling plane. Each abutting member has an abutting wall, and each optical lens is abutted against each corresponding abutting wall. The fixing components are respectively disposed on the assembling plane and correspond to the abutting walls respectively, and each fixing component fixes each corresponding optical lens on each corresponding abutting wall. Based on this, there is no need to apply adhesives for fixing the optical lens. Additionally, upon assembling the optical lens, since no adhesives are applied it is not necessary to adjust the angle of the optical lens thereby improving the convenience of assembly and reducing the assembly time.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a lens driving apparatus comprises: a fixed member in which a first long groove is formed; a movable member including a lens and a second long groove; a first ball arranged between the first long groove and the second long groove, and configured to guide the movable member along the groove; a plurality of second balls arranged on a side opposite to a side of the first ball with the lens; a first actuator configured to generate a driving force for moving the movable member along the groove; and a second actuator for pivoting the movable member with respect to the fixed member. A pivoting center around which the movable member is pivoted with respect to the fixed member is a position of the first ball when the movable member is moved along the first long groove and the second long groove.

Abstract: A lens barrel includes a first blade member, a second blade member provided at an object side of the first blade member and overlapped with at least part of the first blade member in an optical axis direction, a drive unit configured to perform an opening and closing drive of the first blade member and the second blade member, and a biasing member configured to apply a biasing force to the drive unit, the biasing member is disposed in a direction orthogonal to an optical axis with respect to the first blade member, and the biasing member is disposed so as to overlap with at least part of the second blade member in the optical axis direction during an opening and closing operation of the second blade member.

Abstract: A lens actuating motor is provided, the lens actuating motor including a first mover arranged at a lateral surface of a lens part to move the lens part, a second mover configured to accommodate the first mover for vertical movement, a rotor positioned at a bottom surface of the second mover to horizontally move the second mover and centrally formed with a through hole corresponding to the lens part, and a base including an accommodation lug configured to support the stator and the second mover, centrally formed with a hollow hole corresponding to the through hole of the stator, and inserted into the through hole of the stator by being protruded from an upper surface formed with the hollow hole.

Abstract: A lens actuating motor is provided. The motor includes a lens unit and an actuator unit including a bobbin configured to fix the lens unit, a coil unit configured to wind an outer side surface of the bobbin, a magnet unit disposed to face the coil unit, a yoke unit configured to fix the magnet unit, and a printed circuit board configured to apply an electrical power source, wherein the bobbin includes a body configured to hold the lens unit, at least two straight line parts formed on an outer side surface of the body, a curved part formed between the straight line parts, and a damping member coated on a side of the magnet unit facing the bobbin.

Abstract: A lens barrel includes an extendable barrel unit, a drive unit configured to drive the barrel unit so as to extend the barrel unit, and a transmission unit configured to transmit a drive force of the drive unit to the barrel unit, the transmission unit includes a first gear and a second gear coaxially disposed and a biasing member configured to bias at least one of the first gear and the second gear such that the drive force is transmitted between the first gear and the second gear, and the transmission unit is configured to block transmission of the drive force between the first gear and the second gear depending on a rotational force applied to at least one of the first gear and the second gear.

Abstract: An object is to provide a lens device that can share a cable and can prevent the unnecessary exposure of the cable, and an imaging apparatus that includes the lens device. A lens device according to an embodiment of the invention, which is replaceably mounted on an imaging apparatus main body, includes a lens barrel, a control unit that is provided on the lens barrel so as to protrude, a cable of which one end is connected to the control unit and the other end is connected to the imaging apparatus main body, a plurality of length regulating members that are provided in a longitudinal direction of the cable, and a housing portion in which the cable is housed and which is provided with an opening through which the cable is led out.

Abstract: Present embodiments provide for a mobile device and an optical imaging lens thereof. The optical imaging lens comprises four lens elements positioned sequentially from an object side to an image side. Through controlling the convex or concave shape of the surfaces of the lens elements, the optical imaging lens shows better optical characteristics and the total length of the optical imaging lens is shortened.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention utilize an attachable lens board that can be secured to the back of a mobile device and placed in a position that is proximate to the built-in camera lens associated with the camera system of the mobile device. As such, the lens board can be positioned to accurately align several different auxiliary camera lenses, each installed within various camera lens receivers formed within the lens board, with the built-in camera lens for focusing and/or image capture. Additionally, embodiments of present invention can include circuitry within the lens board that can be used to identify the types of lenses currently installed within each camera lens receiver. In this manner, embodiments of the present invention can correct possible optical imperfections of resultant images produced by the combination of the built-in camera lens and auxiliary lens selected for focusing and/or image capture by the user.

Abstract: An imaging lens includes first to fourth lens elements arranged from an object side to an image side in the given order. Through designs of surfaces of the lens elements and relevant lens parameters, a short system length of the imaging lens maybe achieved while maintaining good optical performance.

Abstract: An image capturing lens assembly includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, and a sixth lens element. The first lens element with positive refractive power has an object-side surface being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The second and third lens elements have refractive power. The fourth lens element with refractive power has an object-side surface being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The fifth lens element with refractive power has an object-side surface being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The sixth lens element with refractive power has an image-side surface being concave in a paraxial region thereof. The image capturing lens assembly has six lens elements with refractive power.

Abstract: An imaging optical system including, from the object side to the image side, a first lens group having positive refracting power, an aperture stop, and a second lens group having positive power, in which the first lens group consists of three lens subgroups, having positive, negative and positive refracting powers, respectively, from the object side to the image side, with satisfaction of the following: 4<(LTL+fB)/fB<15??(1) 0.3<D12/IH<4??(2) where fB is an on-axis distance, from an image side-surface in the second lens group to an image plane upon focusing at infinity, LTL is an on-axis distance from an object side-surface in the first lens group to the image side-surface in the second lens group, D12 is an on-axis length from an image side-surface in the first lens group to an object side-surface in the second lens group upon focusing at infinity, and IH is a maximum image height.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes: in an order from an object side to an image side, a first lens group having a positive refractive power; a second lens group having a negative refractive power; a third lens group having a positive refractive power; and a fourth lens group having a positive refractive power, wherein, when zooming is performed from a wide angle position to a telephoto position, the first through fourth lens groups move, and the first lens group includes a first negative lens and a second positive lens from the object side. The zoom lens may be part of an electronic apparatus, such as a photographing apparatus.

Abstract: A zoom lens system comprises, in order from an object side, a first lens group G1 having negative refractive power and a second lens group G2 having positive refractive power. Upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end state, a distance between the first lens group G1 and the second lens group G2 varies. The first lens group G1 comprises, in order from the object side, a negative meniscus lens L1 having a concave surface facing an image plane side, a negative lens L2 and a positive lens L3 having a convex surface facing the object side. The second lens group G2 comprises, in order from the object side, a positive lens L4, a first cemented lens L56 and a second cemented lens L78. And a predetermined conditional expression is satisfied.

Abstract: Comprising, in order from an object side: a first lens group G1 having positive refractive power; a second lens group G2 having negative refractive power; a third lens group G3 having positive refractive power; and a fourth lens group G4 having positive refractive power; upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end state, the first lens group G1 being fixed in the position in the direction of the optical axis, at least the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 being moved in the direction of the optical axis such that a distance between the first lens group G1 and the second lens group G2 is increased and a distance between the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 is decreased; and a predetermined conditional expression being satisfied, thereby providing a variable magnification optical system which can suppress variations in aberrations upon zooming and having excellent optical performance from a wide angle end state to a telephoto end state, an optical apparatus, and a

Abstract: Two pieces of elliptic semi-sphere surfaces, each forming a pinhole at the zenith thereof and also forming a reflection mirror on an inside thereof are stuck onto each other, with facing the interior surfaces thereof, respectively. A light ray entering therein from one of the pinholes, after being reflected between the elliptic semi-sphere surfaces facing to each other, emits from the pinhole on opposite side at an angle plane symmetric to the incident angle. Disposing the elliptic semi-sphere surfaces facing to each other, aligning on a plane, by plural numbers thereof, there is built up a pinhole array. Plural numbers of light rays reflecting on and/or emitting from a display object, which is disposed on one side of the pinhole array, after passing through the plural numbers of pinholes of the pinhole array, form an image at a position plane symmetric thereto, on the opposite side of the pinhole array.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for an optical scanning microscope and/or other appropriate imaging system includes components for scanning and collecting focused images of a tissue sample and/or other object disposed on a slide. The focusing system described herein provides for determining best focus for each snapshot as a snapshot is captured, which may be referred to as “on-the-fly focusing.” The devices and techniques provided herein lead to significant reductions in the time required for forming a digital image of an area in a pathology slide and provide for the creation of high quality digital images of a specimen at high throughput.

Abstract: A fluorescence observation device with a partition dome, provided for confining and observing the movement of the fluorescent object, consisting of: a base formed with a predetermined observation site; a dome coupled to and covering the base to define a light-shielding chamber and formed with a transparent observation aperture; and a light source assembly including a plurality of light sources for emitting excitation light at low angles towards the predetermined observation site.

Abstract: A scanning microscope includes a collecting lens that takes in a detection light, a focal position adjustment unit that moves in an optical axis direction of the collecting lens to make the collecting lens move in the optical axis direction, a detector positioned at a location that is optically conjugate to a pupil of the collecting lens, and a relay optical system that relays the pupil to the detector . The relay optical system includes a first optical element with a positive power, the first optical element being positioned in the focal position adjustment unit and converting the detection light that was converted by the collecting lens into a parallel light flux, into a convergent light flux to be emitted outside of the focal position adjustment unit, and a second optical element that is positioned outside of the focal position adjustment unit and between the detector and the first optical element.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for an optical scanning microscope and/or other appropriate imaging system includes components for scanning and collecting focused images of a tissue sample and/or other object disposed on a slide. The focusing system described herein provides for determining best focus for each snapshot as a snapshot is captured, which may be referred to as “on-the-fly focusing.” The devices and techniques provided herein lead to significant reductions in the time required for forming a digital image of an area in a pathology slide and provide for the creation of high quality digital images of a specimen at high throughput.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for an optical scanning microscope and/or other appropriate imaging system includes components for scanning and collecting focused images of a tissue sample and/or other object disposed on a slide. The focusing system described herein provides for determining best focus for each snapshot as a snapshot is captured, which may be referred to as “on-the-fly focusing.” The devices and techniques provided herein lead to significant reductions in the time required for forming a digital image of an area in a pathology slide and provide for the creation of high quality digital images of a specimen at high throughput.

Abstract: A plurality of specimens or a plurality of targets in a specimen are accurately examined. A microscope apparatus includes a light source; an image-generating unit generating an image of a specimen; a control unit controlling the light source and the image-generating unit depending on a predetermined irradiation condition or a predetermined image generation condition; an image-analyzing unit analyzing the image generated by the image-generating unit to extract targets; and a condition-changing unit changing the irradiation condition and/or the image generation condition based on a difference between an actual luminance of each of the extracted targets in the image and a desired luminance such that the actual luminance of the target in the image satisfies the desired luminance. If the irradiation condition and/or the image generation condition is changed, the control unit redrives the light source and the image-generating unit depending on the changed irradiation condition and/or image generation condition.

Abstract: A method of imaging a sample includes depositing a droplet containing the sample on a substrate, the sample having a plurality of particles contained within a fluid. The substrate is then tilted to gravitationally drive the droplet to an edge of the substrate while forming a dispersed monolayer of particles having liquid lenses surrounding the particles. A plurality of lower resolution images of the particles contained on the substrate are obtained, wherein the substrate is interposed between an illumination source and an image sensor, wherein each lower resolution image is obtained at discrete spatial locations. The plurality of lower resolution images of the particles are converted into a higher resolution image. At least one of an amplitude image and a phase image of the particles contained within the sample is then reconstructed. In some embodiments, only a single lower resolution image may be sufficient.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes: an image acquisition unit configured to acquire layer images obtained by imaging different positions of an object by using a microscope; an image generation unit for generating a plurality of observation images from the layer images. The image generation unit generates the observation images by performing combine processing for focus-stacking two or more layer images selected from among the layer images to generate a single observation image, for plural times.

Abstract: A method for preparing for and carrying out the microscopic recording of image stacks of a sample from various orientation angles, wherein the sample is retained in a sample retainer defining a sample coordinate system. The sample retainer can be translated and rotated in a space spanned by a detection coordinate system. In a first embodiment, for at least two different orientation angles, a projection image is recorded in the detection coordinate system and a first sample volume and a second sample volume are determined in the sample coordinate system. Then the intersection volume of the two sample volumes is determined in the sample coordinate system. Parameters necessary for image stack recording are determined for all other orientation angles based on the intersection volume.

Abstract: A glass structure disposed in a frame of a sight. The glass structure includes a lens disposed in the frame and being at least 1 mm in thickness, a micro structure being formed at a center of a surface of the lens and 1.5 ?m deep from the surface, and a compound is filled in the micro structure; and at least one light source disposed on an edge of the lens, wherein light from the light source enters the lens and travels to the micro structure, and the compound absorbs the light and emits fluorescent light to display pattern of the micro structure.

Abstract: A corner reflector for armored vehicles includes a housing, a one-part or multi-part prism block fitted in the housing, an inwardly viewing window, an outwardly viewing window and an electronic screen for simultaneously looking through and feeding in text and/or image information. The screen is formed of a thin flat or film-like component.

Abstract: A wavelength tunable gain medium with the use of micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) based Fabry-Perot (FP) filter cavity tuning is provided as a tunable laser. The system comprises a laser cavity and a filter cavity for wavelength selection. The laser cavity consists of a gain medium such as a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA), two collimating lenses and an end reflector. The MEMS-FP filter cavity comprises a fixed reflector and a moveable reflector, controllable by electrostatic force. By moving the MEMS reflector, the wavelength can be tuned by changing the FP filter cavity length. The MEMS FP filter cavity displacement can be tuned discretely with a step voltage, or continuously by using a continuous driving voltage. The driving frequency for continuous tuning can be a resonance frequency or any other frequency of the MEMS structure, and the tuning range can cover different tuning ranges such as 30 nm, 40 nm, and more than 100 nm.

Abstract: A wavelength variable interference filter includes a plurality of filter units each of which includes a pair of reflecting films facing each other and a gap changing unit changing an interval between the pair of reflecting films. The plurality of filter units are two-dimensionally disposed with respect to an arrangement surface parallel to a reflecting surface of the reflecting film, and reflecting films of other filter units disposed at locations different from those on a first virtual straight line, intersecting a predetermined direction (first direction) along the arrangement surface, are disposed so as to overlap a portion of the reflecting films on the first virtual straight line without gaps therebetween between two reflecting films adjacent with a predetermined interval therebetween along the first virtual straight line, when seen from the predetermined direction (first direction).

Abstract: An electronic device includes a variable wavelength interference filter, and a package adapted to house the variable wavelength interference filter. The package includes a base substrate provided with a light passage hole through which light passes, and a base substrate side light transmissive substrate adapted to block the light passage hole and having a light transmissive property. The base substrate is formed of a laminated body having a plurality of layers stacked on each other, and the light passage hole is formed so that a second opening located on an opposite side to the variable wavelength interference filter is larger in area than a first opening located on the variable wavelength interference filter side.

Abstract: A micromirror for a micromirror device includes: a mirror side; and a back side which is directed away from the mirror side, at least one central area of the back side having at least one surface which is plane parallel to the mirror side, the back side being shaped in such a way that on two opposite sides of the central area, a side area having at least one side surface of the back side in each case, which is curved and/or oriented inclined toward the mirror side borders on the central area of the back side, and a height of the micromirror continuously decreasing starting from the central area along a cross section of the micromirror, which runs through the central area and the two side areas.

Abstract: An achromatic scanner in which pre-scan optics and post-scan optics are designed and disposed with respect to one another in such a way that for a light beam imaged onto the target surface a first image plane of the pre-scan optics coincides with a first object plane of the post-scan optics for a first beam portion and a second image plane of the pre-scan optics coincides with a second object plane of the post-scan optics for a second beam portion, wherein an image plane of the post-scan optics which lies on the target surface is associated with the first object plane of the post-scan optics and the second object plane of the post-scan optics.

Abstract: A viewing gyro window includes a fixed ring, a shaft assembly, and a rotating member. The fixed ring is secured with a transparent plate and installed on the transparent panel. The fixed ring has an annular groove and a gas inlet. The shaft assembly is assembled to the center of the transparent plate and is pivoted to a rotating shaft via a bearing. The rotating member has a ring fastened to the periphery of a rotating plate. A linkage member is fastened to the center of the rotating plate and secured with the rotating shaft. T he rotating member is in no contact with the fixed ring. The ring has plates arranged annularly and extending toward the annular groove. High pressure gas enters into the annular groove to drive the plates to rotate the rotating member.

Abstract: A partially transmissive reflective film is provided on a second transparent substrate, and a reflector is provided on a first transparent substrate. The partially transmissive reflective film and the reflector are held parallel to each other with a predetermined spacing therebetween. Thereby, light is incident from a protrusion portion on which the reflector of the first transparent substrate is formed, the light is reflected by the partially transmissive reflective film and the reflector, and the incident light is guided by an air layer between the partially transmissive reflective film and the reflector. A refractive index of the air layer is lower than that of the second transparent substrate. A part of the guided light is extracted from the partially transmissive reflective film, and is emitted from the second transparent substrate on a side opposite to a surface on which the partially transmissive reflective film is provided.