Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device having excellent viewing angle characteristics and high contrast in a display mode using both a vertical electric field and a horizontal electric field. This liquid crystal display device is provided with a first substrate and a second substrate disposed facing each other, and a liquid crystal layer held between said first and second substrates. The liquid crystal layer contains liquid crystal molecules having a negative dielectric anisotropy. The first substrate is provided with a flat plate first electrode, a first insulating layer, and a second electrode provided in a layer other than that of the first electrode and provided separated from the first electrode by the first insulating layer. The second electrode has multiple comb-tooth sections and multiple slits, and the second substrate has a flat plate third electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel includes switching elements, transparent pixel electrodes, and a transparent common electrode having a predetermined area overlapped with an upper layer of the transparent pixel electrode through an insulating film and driving liquid crystal with the transparent pixel electrode. In plane view, a shading layer covers at least one part of a conductive pattern where a light leakage occurs in front view by an alignment defect of the liquid crystal near a non-permeable conductive pattern disposed in the display region at the time of black display, and has eaves more protruding than the conductive pattern. The transparent common electrode is provided to overlap with the conductive pattern arranged to overlap with the light-shielding layer having the eaves in a side of the liquid crystal and to protrude compared with the light-shielding layer having the eaves in a planar view.

Abstract: The present invention provides for an electroactive device having a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer, and one or more electroactive layers sandwiched between the first and second conductive layers. One or more adjacent layers of the electroactive device may include a physical separation between a first portion and a second portion of the adjacent layers, the physical separation defining a respective tapered sidewall of each of the first and second portions. The one or more adjacent layers may include one of the first and second conductive layers. The remaining layers of the electroactive device may be formed over the physical separation of the one or more adjacent layers. The remaining layers may include the other of the first and second conductive layers.

Abstract: A color filter comprises a substrate (1), color filter layers, and a black matrix (3). A first transparent conductive layer (2) is provided on a side of the black matrix (3) close to the substrate (1). A second transparent conductive layer (4) is provided on a side of the black matrix (3) facing away from the substrate (1). The black matrix (3) is made of an electrochromic material. A display device including the color filter and a manufacturing method of the color filter are provided. The color filter allows the display device with good outdoor readability and excellent indoor display effect.

Abstract: An organic compound represented by Formula [1] showing high transparency in the visible light region is provided. In Formula [1], A1 to A6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, n is an integer of 1 to 4, and the B's each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent represented by Formula [2], provided that at least one B represents a substituent represented by Formula [2]. In Formula [2], R2 represents a substituent.

Abstract: An electronic book includes an electronic paper display module, an electrochromic unit, a light source module, and a light detecting unit. The electrochromic unit is arranged on the electronic paper display module and configured for adjusting a brightness for the electronic paper display module. The light source module is arranged on the electrochromic unit and configured for illuminating the electronic paper display module. The light source module includes a light guide member and a light source, the light source arranged at one side of the light guide member. The light detecting unit includes a light detector, a storage unit, and a control unit. The light detector is configured for detecting a brightness of ambient light, the storage unit is used for storing a preset value range, and the control unit is used for controlling the light source module and the electrochromic unit.

Abstract: An electronic paper module, an electronic paper display device and a manufacturing method of an electronic paper module are disclosed, and the electronic paper module including an array substrate and an electronic ink containing layer, a transparent sealant, a transparent conductive film layer and a protective layer disposed in order on the array substrate, the electronic ink containing layer is provided with electronic ink containing holes therein, the electronic ink containing holes are provided with electronic ink therein. The transparent sealant is used to encapsulate the electronic ink containing layer, and the transparent conductive film layer is disposed over the transparent sealant. Because no microcapsule structure is required in the electronic paper module, a process flow is simplified, and production costs are effectively reduced.

Abstract: In a device for displaying images by application of an electric field to a charged substance, a structure for reducing afterimages and a method for manufacturing the structure are provided. The device is a display device which includes a plurality of pixel electrodes and a charged layer (a layer including a charged substance) provided over the pixel electrodes. An end of one of two pixel electrodes that are adjacent to each other among the plurality of pixel electrodes has a depression in an end-face direction, and an end of the other of the pixel electrodes has a projection in the end-face direction. In a state in which the depression and the projection are in a set, a gap is formed between the two pixel electrodes.

Abstract: An optical modulator includes: a bottom reflective layer; an active layer which is disposed on the bottom reflective layer and includes a multiple quantum well layer; and a top reflective layer which is disposed on the active layer, the top reflective layer including a first top reflective layer which is disposed on the active layer, a first cavity layer which is disposed on the first top reflective layer, a second top reflective layer which is disposed on the first cavity layer, a second cavity layer which is disposed on the second top reflective layer, and a third top reflective layer which is disposed on the second cavity layer. When a center wavelength of an incident light to be modulated is ?, the active layer and the first and second cavity layers have an optical thickness that is an integer multiple of ?/2 to provide an individual resonant cavity.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a camera lens filter assembly including a camera lens filter and an included optical component. The optical component is installed on an optic mounting part; and a clamp is mounted on a clamp mounting part, so the clamp can press to tighten against the optical component for the purpose of assembly. The present invention efficiently prevents air, dust and other environmental pollutants from reaching the front surface of the camera lens and will also seal to secure the camera lens filter to the camera lens barrel in a way that it will not dismount itself due to vibration, use or other operating conditions.

Abstract: A driving system for an SMA based actuator having SMA wires or rods includes a capture module, a determination module, and four drive modules. The capture module captures current position of a lens module from a position sensor. The displacement difference between the current position and a target position is determined. The first drive module can rapidly or slowly increase the current to the SMA, or rapidly or slowly decrease the current to the SMA, causing fast or slow movement of a lens module in one direction or fast or slow movement in the opposite direction, to achieve the desired auto-focus of a camera module.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mechanism and system for attaching an external flash to a camera, and a flash. The connection mechanism comprises: a body, a connecting foot and at least two groups of electrical contacts for touching contacts of hot shoes of at least two differing types of cameras for connecting an external flash control unit; when a flash provided with the mechanism for attaching an external flash to a camera as disclosed in the present invention is mounted on a camera, the corresponding group of electrical contacts touch each other to transmit signals. Since at least two groups of electrical contacts are provided, the flash is capable of being applied to cameras of two differing types, and further facilitating users and saving costs.

Abstract: An illumination device for illuminating a camera's field of view, including a light source, and a reflector unit having reflecting sections is provided. Each reflecting section is associated with a light distribution, wherein the light distributions for different reflecting sections are different. The reflector unit is arranged such that light emitted by the light source is deflected by one of said reflecting sections being selected based on the camera's field of view. A method for illuminating a camera's field of view is also provided.

Abstract: In an optical unit having a reflective picture display device for displaying pictures by projecting light, the picture display device has a first state in which focused light is reflected in an optical axis equivalent direction of an image to be displayed and a second state in which focused light is reflected so as to have a component in a vertical equivalent direction of an image to be projected, a plane including an entire optical axis of light reflected in the second state differs from a plane formed by the optical axis of light incident on the picture display device and the optical axis of light reflected by the picture display deice in the first state, and the opening size of the opening of an illumination lens in a horizontal equivalent direction of the image to be projected is larger than in the vertical equivalent direction.

Abstract: Some embodiments include an underwater projection system having a water feature and an ambient light in communication with the underwater projection system. A projector is disposed within the water feature and is designed to project an image out of the water feature into a body of water. A controller is in communication with the projector and operates both the ambient light and the projector.

Abstract: A projection lamp utilizing light emitting diodes (LEDs) includes a housing, a lamp board positioned on the housing, an upper covering the lamp board, and a lens positioned above the upper cover. The lamp board includes a plurality of LEDs. A majority portion of the housing and the upper cover is composed of thermally conductive materials. The housing includes a plurality of latch holes, the upper cover includes a plurality of latching chambers corresponding to the latch holes, and the lens includes a plurality of latching members extending through the latching chambers to engage the housing latch holes.

Abstract: A light module comprises first excitation radiation source emitting first excitation radiation having a first optical property value, second excitation radiation source emitting second excitation radiation having a second optical property value which differs from the first value. At irradiation region (P), a phosphor and an optical element, which is at least partly reflective with maintenance of the optical property, are arranged alternately or simultaneously. A first dichroic mirror is arranged between the first excitation radiation source and irradiation region (P), and a second dichroic mirror is arranged between the second excitation radiation source and irradiation region (P). The first optical path proceeding from the first excitation radiation source successively comprises the first dichroic mirror, irradiation region (P) and the second dichroic mirror.

Abstract: Provided is an image projection apparatus, such as a projector, including a light source; an image generating element such as a DMD that receives light from the light source and forms an image; an image generating unit that irradiates the image generating element with the light from the light source; a first optical system including multiple transmission refractive optical elements; a second optical system arranged on an optical path of outgoing light of the first optical system and including a reflection optical element; and a projection optical system that enlarges and projects an image conjugate to the image generated by the image generating element as a projected image. The light source, the image generating unit, and the first optical system are arranged side by side in series in a direction parallel with the projected image plane.

Abstract: A projection type image display apparatus (1) comprises a focus correction system (30). The system includes a temperature detection mechanism (16) for measuring temperature in the vicinity of a projection lens group (13), a correction amount calculation unit (18) for calculating a correction amount for correcting the focus shift caused by a temperature change, and a driving signal generation unit (19) for generating, based on the correction amount, a driving signal for driving a focus adjustment mechanism (15). If the user performs a focus adjustment using a focus operation input unit (23), a focus operation determination unit (21) determines that a focus adjustment has occurred independently of the focus correction system and changes a correction condition stored in a memory (20).

Abstract: This is to provide a transmission type screen where a viewing angle at which an image projected by a projector can be visually recognized is extremely wide, and image visibility from the both surfaces of the screen is excellent. The present invention relates to a transmission type screen comprising a light transmissive support and a light diffusion layer on at least one surface of the light transmissive support, wherein the light diffusion layer contains light diffusion fine particles and a xerogel. It preferably relates to the above-mentioned transmission type screen wherein the xerogel contains inorganic fine particles and a resin binder, and the inorganic fine particles are particles dispersed in an aggregated form having an average primary particle diameter of 18 nm or less and an average secondary particle diameter of 500 nm or less.

Abstract: This projector includes a laser light generation portion, a projection portion scanning laser light, and a projection screen. The projection screen includes a lens member including a plurality of lens portions splitting the laser light and a diffusion member arranged to be opposed to the lens member, having an incident surface and a diffusion portion. The diffusion portion of the diffusion member is arranged at a position apart by a distance larger than the focal length of the lens member along an optical axis with respect to the optical principal surface of the lens member.

Abstract: A method for generating a pattern including patterns of cells having assist patterns arranged therein. The present invention provides a method for generating a pattern of a cell used when a mask pattern is generated by arranging cells selected from among a plurality of types of cells. The method includes generating a pattern including isolated rectangular pattern elements and an assist pattern as a cell pattern by obtaining data on a cell including the rectangular pattern elements and generating the assist pattern which assist resolution of the rectangular pattern elements in accordance with the data.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a substrate having a surface modified to impart multi-scale roughness, thereby providing superhydrophobic and/or superoleophobic properties. The surface comprises a pattern of microscale pillars topped by a plurality of nanoparticles having a re-entrant convex shape. The area fraction of the surface is also selected to provide the desired superoleophobic properties. Also disclosed herein is a process for creating the modified surface comprising photolithography, optionally followed by vapour deposition. The substrates may be formed into useful articles or applied to pre-formed articles.

Abstract: A colored photosensitive resin composition, and a colored filter and a display device including the same. The colored photosensitive resin composition comprises a pigment dispersion solution, an alkaline soluble resin, a light polymerizable compound, a photoinitiator, an adjuvant and a solvent, wherein the solvent includes 60%-85% of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate and 15%-40% of a dibasic acid ester, based on the total weight of the solvent. The colored photosensitive resin composition has good stability.

Abstract: A resin comprising: a structural unit represented by formula (I), and a structural unit having an acid-labile group.

Abstract: A photosensitive oligomer for photosensitive resist comprising unsaturated double-bond group and flexible group. The monomers or compounds for synthesizing the photosensitive oligomer include unsaturated double-bond containing organic acid-based monomers, unsaturated double-bond containing organic ester-based monomers, unsaturated double-bond containing organic acid chloride/ethylene-based monomers, unsaturated double-bond containing alcohol-based compounds, and flexible group-containing silane/ether-based compounds. The present invention further provides a negative photosensitive resist resin composition comprising the photosensitive oligomer.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition is provided. The photosensitive resin composition includes an alkali-soluble resin (A), a polysiloxane polymer (B), a compound (C) containing an ethylenically unsaturated group, a photoinitiator (D), and an organic solvent (E), wherein the alkali-soluble resin (A) includes an alkali-soluble resin (A-1) represented by formula 1.

Abstract: Provided is a photosensitive resin composition, including: a binder polymer; a photopolymerizable compound having an ethylenically unsaturated group; a photopolymerization initiator; a benzotriazole compound; and an aliphatic diamine compound having from 8 to 30 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An optical wavelength dispersion device includes a first substrate; an input unit formed on the first substrate having a slit for receiving an optical signal; a grating formed on the first substrate for producing a first light beam form the optical signal for outputting; and a second substrate covered on the top of the input unit and the grating; wherein the input unit and the grating are formed from a photo-resist layer by high energy light source exposure.

Abstract: A method for fine pattern structures includes forming a pattern formation layer over a first region and a second region of a substrate, forming a first block co-polymer layer in the first region, forming a second block co-polymer layer in the second region, etching the first and second block co-polymer layers, and forming the fine pattern structure in the pattern formation layer in the first region without forming a pattern in the pattern formation layer in the second region.

Abstract: In a method for operating a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus, a facet mirror is illuminated with projection light having a center wavelength of between 5 nm and 30 nm. The facet mirror has a plurality of adjustable mirror facets, wherein groups of adjacent mirror facets form regions which are imaged by an optical unit onto an object plane of a projection objective of the projection exposure apparatus. There the images of the regions are superimposed in an object field. An illumination field, which is identical to the object field or a part thereof, is illuminated with the projection light. A mask containing structures to be imaged is moved in the object plane of the projection objective in such a way that the illumination field scans over the mask. According to the invention, during step c) the size of the illumination field is varied by adjusting at least one mirror facet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and systems for designing gauge patterns that are extremely sensitive to parameter variation, and thus robust against random and repetitive measurement errors in calibration of a lithographic process utilized to image a target design having a plurality of features. The method may include identifying most sensitive line width/pitch combination with optimal assist feature placement which leads to most sensitive CD (or other lithography response parameter) changes against lithography process parameter variations, such as wavefront aberration parameter variation. The method may also include designing gauges which have more than one test patterns, such that a combined response of the gauge can be tailored to generate a certain response to wavefront-related or other lithographic process parameters. The sensitivity against parameter variation leads to robust performance against random measurement error and/or any other measurement error.

Abstract: Method for setting an illumination setting in an illumination optical unit comprising at least one controllable correction device, which includes a multiplicity of adjustable correction elements for influencing the transmission, wherein the illumination setting is varied for adapting a predetermined imaging parameter in the region of an image field.

Abstract: An optical system illuminating a surface to be illuminated includes a wavefront splitting type integrator configured to split the wavefront of incident light to form a plurality of light sources on the exit surface side, and an optical element whose surface is polished in a scanning direction using a polishing tool. The optical element is disposed between the wavefront splitting type integrator and the surface to be illuminated, and has a direction indicating portion indicating the scanning direction. The arrangement direction of the plurality of light sources in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the optical system is non-parallel to the scanning direction indicated by the direction indicating portion.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an illumination system of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus. The illumination system can include a depolariser which in conjunction with a light mixing system disposed downstream in the light propagation direction at least partially causes effective depolarisation of polarised light impinging on the depolariser. The illumination system can also include a microlens array which is arranged upstream of the light mixing system in the light propagation direction. The microlens array can include a plurality of microlenses arranged with a periodicity. The depolariser can be configured so that a contribution afforded by interaction of the depolariser with the periodicity of the microlens array to a residual polarisation distribution occurring in a pupil plane arranged downstream of the microlens array in the light propagation direction has a maximum degree of polarisation of not more than 5%.

Abstract: An apparatus, includes first and second measurement devices configured to measure a position in a first direction of a moving body; a drive unit configured to drive the moving body in the first direction; a controller configured to generate a control input for driving the drive unit, based on a control deviation in accordance with position command information in the first direction of the moving body and position measurement information from the first or second measurement device, and a control parameter set to a certain value.

Abstract: A substrate is loaded onto a substrate support of a lithographic apparatus, after which the apparatus measures locations of substrate alignment marks. These measurements define first correction information allowing the apparatus to apply a pattern at one or more desired locations on the substrate. Additional second correction information is used to enhance accuracy of pattern positioning, in particular to correct higher order distortions of a nominal alignment grid. The second correction information may be based on measurements of locations of alignment marks made when applying a previous pattern to the same substrate. The second correction information may alternatively or in addition be based on measurements made on similar substrates that have been patterned prior to the current substrate.

Abstract: A method of calibrating a substrate positioning system of a lithographic apparatus, the method including: exposing a pattern with the lithographic apparatus on an exposed layer on the surface of a substrate having a reference layer, wherein the pattern corresponds to a movement of the substrate by the substrate positioning system; measuring overlay data between the exposed layer and the reference layer on a plurality of positions on the substrate; transforming the overlay data from a spatial domain to a frequency domain by a discrete cosine transformation; modifying the overlay data in the frequency domain by selecting a subset of the overlay data; transforming the modified overlay data from the frequency domain back to the spatial domain by an inverse discrete cosine transformation; calibrating the substrate positioning system by using the modified overlay data in the spatial domain.

Abstract: A movable pressing and light-shielding mechanism for digital stereo image printing comprises a base (1), multiple gantries (2), a photosensitive platform (3) and an exposure system device (4); wherein the base (1) has a groove inside which the photosensitive platform (3) is provided. The number of the gantries (2) is two. The two gantries (2) are provided in parallel and fixed on the base (1) and a slideway (22) is provided between the two gantries (2). A screw is provided in the slideway (22). One end of the screw is connected with a second motor (12). The motor (12) is connected with the exposure system device (4). A top end face of the exposure system device (4) is connected with the screw. A laser scan line opening is provided on a bottom surface of the exposure system equipment (4).

Abstract: The present invention provides a vibration reduction apparatus which reduces vibration of a first object supported on a base, the apparatus comprising a driving unit arranged between the base and the first object and configured to drive the first object, a reference system including a second object, and a control system including a detector configured to detect a relative distance between the first object and the second object, a compensator configured to control the driving unit such that the relative distance comes close to a target distance, and a high-pass filter configured to attenuate a signal in a predetermined frequency band in a path extending from the detector to the driving unit.

Abstract: In a substrate stage, when a Y coarse movement stage moves in the Y-axis direction, an X coarse movement stage, a weight cancellation device, and an X guide move integrally in the Y-axis direction with the Y coarse movement stage, and when the X coarse movement stage moves in the X-axis direction on the Y coarse movement stage, the weight cancellation device moves on the X guide in the X-axis direction integrally with the X coarse movement stage. Because the X guide is provided extending in the X-axis direction while covering the movement range of the weight cancellation device in the X-axis direction, the weight cancellation device is constantly supported by the X guide, regardless of its position. Accordingly, a substrate can be guided along the XY plane with good accuracy.

Abstract: A substrate table system includes a substrate table and a dual directional motor for moving the substrate table in a plane of movement that is defined by a first direction and a second direction. The dual directional motor includes: a first pusher structure extending in the first direction, the substrate table being movable in respect of the first pusher structure, the first pusher structure and the substrate table being arranged to cooperate to form a first motor to exert a force between the first pusher structure and the substrate table in the first direction; and a second pusher structure extending in the first direction, the substrate table being movable in respect of the second pusher structure, the second pusher structure and the substrate table to cooperate to form a second motor to exert a force between the second pusher structure and the substrate table in the second direction.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes a plurality of toner particles each having a toner core, organic particles adhering to a surface of the toner core, and a shell layer covering the toner core and the organic particles. The shell layers contain a thermosetting resin.

Abstract: An emulsion aggregation toner process that does not require addition of base to freeze toner particle growth is described.

Abstract: A positively chargeable toner includes a plurality of toner particles each having a toner mother particle and an external additive adhering to a surface of the toner mother particle. The external additive contains silica particles and coat layers on a surface of the respective silica particles. The coat layers contain a mixture of a nitrogen-containing resin and a chargeable treatment agent.

Abstract: There is provided a carrier including magnetic core particles; and a coating layer on a surface of each of the magnetic core particles, wherein the coating layer contains electroconductive particles; wherein the electroconductive particles are electroconductive particles in which white inorganic pigments are coated with phosphorus-doped tin or tungsten-doped tin; and wherein a dope ratio of phosphorus or tungsten to tin in the phosphorus-doped tin or tungsten-doped tin is 0.010 to 0.100.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a toner having a toner particle containing a binder resin containing a styrene acrylic resin and a block polymer, wherein the block polymer has a polyester segment and a vinyl polymer segment and has a melting point of 55° C. to 90° C., the polyester segment has a specific structure and a solubility parameter (SP) value of 9.40 to 9.85, and the vinyl polymer segment has a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 4000 to 15000.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a toner including a toner particle containing a binder resin, wherein the binder resin contains a block polymer and a styrene-acrylic resin, the block polymer has a vinyl polymer segment and a polyester segment, the polyester segment has a branch structure and the block polymer has a melting point of 50° C. to 95° C.

Abstract: A toner that comprises a toner particle that contains a binder resin that contains a styrene-acrylic resin and a block polymer, wherein the block polymer has a polyester segment and a vinyl polymer segment; the polyester segment is obtained by condensation polymerization of: a monomer (a) selected from a group consisting of a prescribed monomer group A; and a monomer (b) selected from a group consisting of a prescribed monomer group B, and the content in the polyester segment of the substructure originating with the monomer (b) as calculated from the following formula is from at least 1.0 mol % to not more than 30.0 mol %: {monomer (b) [mol]/(monomer (a) [mol]+monomer (b) [mol])}×100.

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner that exhibits an excellent colorant dispersibility and hence maintains the formation of a high-quality image, that is capable of low-temperature fixing, and that has a satisfactory heat-resistant storability and a satisfactory durability, in which the toner comprising a toner particle that contains a colorant and a binder resin containing a styrene-acrylic resin and a crystalline resin, wherein a compatibility parameter (V) between the styrene-acrylic resin and the crystalline resin satisfies 0.40?V?1.10.