Abstract: A method for target measurement is provided which comprises designing a reflection-symmetric target and measuring overlays of the target along at least one reflection symmetry direction of the target. Also, a tool calibration method comprising calibrating a scatterometry measurement tool with respect to a reflection symmetry of a reflection symmetric target. Further provided are methods of measuring scatterometry overlay using first order and zeroth order scatterometry measurements of a reflection-symmetric scatterometry targets. Also, a scatterometry target comprising a reflection-symmetric target having two cells in each of at least two measurement directions, wherein respective cells have different offsets along one measurement direction and similar offsets along other measurement directions. Further, a scatterometry measurement system comprising a reflection symmetric illumination and calibrated to measure reflection symmetric targets.

Abstract: A measurement head (23) irradiates a film (12) of a product substrate (10) with primary X-rays to detect fluorescent X-rays generated from the film (12). Analysis means (33) obtains thickness of the film (12) from intensity of the fluorescent X-rays detected by the measurement head (23).

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for determining at least one spatial coordinate of a measurement point of a local structure of an object, providing a mobile coordinate measuring machine, the method comprising at least placing the mobile coordinate measuring machine on a surface of the object to be measured, approaching the measurement point with a sensing head, and determining at least one spatial coordinate of the at least one measurement point, characterized by establishing a defined spatial relation between the coordinate measuring machine and the local structure wherein the defined spatial relation is established by means of a mechanical fixation of the coordinate measuring machine to the object, and/or a continuous determination of position and orientation of the coordinate measuring machine relative to the object. The invention furthermore pertains to a mobile coordinate measuring machine and a computer program product for execution of said method.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for correcting errors in a bearing cartridge used in a portable articulated arm coordinate measurement machine (AACMM) is provided. The method includes providing a cartridge having a first bearing and a second bearing arranged in a fixed relationship to define an axis, the cartridge further including an angle measurement device configured to measure a rotation of a portion of the cartridge about the axis. A plurality of angles is measured with the angle measurement device. A first plurality of displacements is determined at a first position along the axis, each of the first plurality of displacements being associated with one of the plurality of angles. Compensation values are determined based at least in part on the plurality of angles and the first plurality of displacements.

Abstract: The embodiments relate to a method for the optimization of alignment measurements in which a MR facility is configured to a measurement object. First alignment measurements are carried out while the measurement object is being moved through the MR facility, wherein at least one MR system parameter of the MR facility is configured to the measurement object of the first alignment measurements. A second alignment measurement is also carried out in which the measurement object is stationary in a fixed position in the MR facility, wherein the second alignment measurement includes an iterative alignment method in which the at least one MR system parameter for the recording of MR signals of the measurement object is iteratively configured to the measurement object in the fixed position in the MR facility, wherein for the iterative alignment method the aligned MR system parameter is chosen from the aligned MR system parameters.

Abstract: In the measuring device and measuring method, confocal measuring principle is utilized. A certain component of an optical measurement signal is, from the point of view of both illumination and imaging, in focus only at one point on the virtual measuring surface. In the measuring device, the surface to be measured always hits a common focus point of the illumination and imaging, whereby a reflection is generated. The reflected optical signal is directed to a detector belonging to the imaging unit, where one picture element of the detector corresponds to a certain focus point, respectively. The optical efficiency received by each picture element is indicated. The light reflecting from the intersection of the virtual measuring surface and the surface of the object produces an intensity maximum for the detector. This maximum point is indicated and converted in the imaging unit (13) into the height of the surface of the object.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention relate to an inclination sensor for determining an inclination of an object with respect to a reference vector of a reference coordinate system. The inclination sensor may include a tilt detector for determining gravity vector data of a local gravity vector, and a calculation unit comprising means for providing, based on the position data, position-related vertical deflection data, the vertical deflection data comprising information about a relation between the local gravity vector and the reference vector, and calculation means for calculating reference vector data based on the vertical deflection data and on the gravity vector data, wherein an inclination of the object with respect to the reference vector is derivable from the reference vector data, to a surveying system comprising such an inclination sensor and to a method for determining the inclination of the object with respect to the reference vector.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an angular velocity sensor, including: a sensing module including a mass body part which includes a plurality of mass bodies disposed to be parallel with each other, an internal frame which movably supports the mass body, and sensing side flexible parts which rotatably connect the mass body to the internal frame; an external frame supporting the sensing module; and a vibration side flexible part rotatably connecting the sensing module to the external frame, wherein the vibration side flexible part is disposed between the internal frame and the external frame to be parallel with each other with respect to a disposition direction of the mass body part which is disposed in the internal frame.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for making and using accelerometers. Some such accelerometers include a substrate, a first plurality of electrodes, a second plurality of electrodes, a first anchor attached to the substrate, a frame and a proof mass. The substrate may extend substantially in a first plane. The proof mass may be attached to the frame, may extend substantially in a second plane and may be substantially constrained for motion along first and second axes. The frame may be attached to the first anchor, may extend substantially in a second plane and may be substantially constrained for motion along the second axis. A lateral movement of the proof mass in response to an applied lateral acceleration along the first or second axes may result in a change in capacitance at the first or second plurality of electrodes.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer readable medium with instructions which cause performance of: determining a location of a first client device corresponding to a first user and a location of a second client device corresponding to a second user, displaying directions to the second location, determining that the second client device has moved to a third location, and displaying updated directions to the third location.

Abstract: A method for estimating a boundary for a future location of a moving object includes: receiving location information about two previous locations of the moving object represented by a first and a second elliptical error probabilities (EEPs); representing each of the EEPs as a conic section via an implicit quadratic equation; defining four tangent lines from the implicit quadratic equation, each tangent line being tangent to both of the EEPs; determining two transverse tangent lines from the four tangent lines; forming a cone in a direction from the first EEP to the second EEP from the two transverse tangent lines; and estimating the boundary of the future location of the moving object as a first side of the cone formed by a first transverse tangent line and a second side of the cone formed by a second transverse tangent line, of the two transverse tangent lines.

Abstract: A prediction device for prediction on the ground of characteristics of the position of an aircraft along a path is provided. The prediction device comprises a calculation element comprising a performance and integrity model consistent with a model on board an aircraft. The second calculation element determines precision, integrity and availability information concerning the position of the aircraft along a flight and/or ground path. The integrity information taking account of an integrity of a satellite positioning system and at least one hardware integrity on board the aircraft.

Abstract: A method of determining landmarks includes receiving, at a computing system, a plurality of potential landmark measurements and corresponding signal measurements. The method further includes determining, at the computing system, a plurality of landmark candidates from the plurality of potential landmark candidates and corresponding signal measurements. The method further includes determining a normalized signal distance between a first signal measurement corresponding to a first landmark candidate of the plurality of landmark candidates and a second signal measurement corresponding to a second landmark candidate of the plurality of landmark candidates. The method further includes determining, at the computing system, that the first landmark corresponds to the second landmark based on the normalized signal distance.

Abstract: A method for determining a vehicle position of a vehicle to be located within a defined cruising range in a mapped environment is disclosed, wherein the vehicle position is determined by evaluating the position data of at least one predetermined component of the vehicle, and the position data are made available particularly by way of a plurality of position detecting sensors, which are fixedly arranged within the mapped environment

Abstract: Provided are a real-time traffic flow control and dynamic route guidance system, a parking guidance system using the same, and a method thereof capable of guiding a vehicle distribution. and a transportation flow by collecting positional information, destination information, a vehicle moving speed, and the like from each vehicle in real time at one or a plurality of central centers by using an in-vehicle navigator with bidirectional communication and a GPS to dynamically calculate and provide an optimal route of an individual vehicle so as to make a flow of the entire transportation network smooth and perform a control for a transportation network structure through various kinds of traffic control devices installed on roads.

Abstract: An approach is provided for determining a recommended passenger embarkation point to associate with a point of interest. An embarkation platform determines one or more candidate passenger embarkation points. The embarkation platform also processes contextual information associated with the one or more passenger embarkation points, the at least one passenger, the at least one vehicle, or a combination thereof to determine at least one recommended passenger embarkation point from among the one or more candidate passenger embarkation points. Information regarding the at least one recommended embarkation point is then caused to be presented.

Abstract: In some aspects, a processor may receive a starting point and an ending point from a runner. The processor may receive calorie information from the runner. The processor may receive pace information from the runner. The processor may receive a mile marker input from the runner. The processor may display a he route based on the starting point and the ending point. The processor may display the number of calories burned based on the route and the calorie information. The processor may display a pace of running the route based on the route and the calorie information. The processor may display a mile marker on the route in response to the first mile marker input.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer readable medium comprises instructions which cause performance of receiving a request from a user for directions to a destination, determining, based on historical user data, a commercial interest of the user, selecting a route based at least on a location related to the commercial interest being on the route, and directing the user to the destination according to the route.

Abstract: A system capable of receiving at least one location input, creating a code associated with that input, storing the code, receiving a created code, providing the location, and providing directions to or from the location.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to a computer-implemented method of predicting a destination of a user of a mobile device, comprising selecting one or more geographic locations as a group of possible destinations based on a first location of the mobile device, determining a route from the first location to each of the geographic locations of the group of possible destinations according to one or more route planning criteria and digital map data, and updating the group of possible destinations based upon a second location of the mobile device and a change in an attribute of a route between the second location and each geographic location of the group of possible destinations.

Abstract: Systems and methods for applying one or more route-based modifications to a map are provided. In some aspects, a system includes a pathfinder module configured to determine a primary route from a beginning point to a destination point on the map. The pathfinder module is further configured to generate one or more primary modifications to the map based on the primary route. The system also includes a restyling module configured to apply the primary route and the one or more primary modifications to the map. The one or more primary modifications include at least one of a) adding a first object to the map that would otherwise be excluded from the map if the primary route is not applied to the map and b) excluding a second object from the map that would otherwise be added to the map if the primary route is not applied to the map.

Abstract: A method for superior interactive ski and snowboard tour guidance, enhancement and safety. Application software is downloaded into a portable device, and a user uses this software to select among a variety of electronically guided ski and snowboard tours. The geographically accurate 2d trail map shows the area, tour route and other points of interest. A global positioning system shows the user's location, which is identified upon a satellite tour map. The selection of tours offered is based on the user's geographic location, and includes tours customized upon a number of factors, such as the type of terrain, natural points of interest, snow conditions, duration and other factors. As a safety feature and to maximize the user's ski experience, the user chooses an ability level and a selection of tours suitable to that ability level is displayed.

Abstract: A method of reporting information from a meter interface unit to a receiving device in which a data packet is transferred from the meter interface unit containing meter readings, which are associated with an indicator of the elapsed time since the reading was taken. The receiving device compares this elapsed time value with the actual elapsed time, based upon the internal clock of the receiving device, in order to determine any inaccuracies in the clock of the meter interface unit. In another embodiment, the data packet includes at least two nonsequential meter readings, separated by a multiplicity of reading intervals, on a rolling basis, such that data will not be lost as a result of a temporary obstruction that interferes with the transmission or receipt of meter readings.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to magnetic field angle sensors that utilize axial and perpendicular sensors collectively to infer a rotational angle. In embodiments, a sensor system comprises at least one axial sensor unit and at least one perpendicular sensor unit arranged in a single sensor package or on a single substrate. The axial and perpendicular sensor data both representative of the rotational position can be used to improve output angle accuracy by, e.g., calibrating the sensor system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the position of a motor-driven actuating part, in particular a window, a sliding roof, a boot lid, a sliding door or a seat, wherein a current position is determined and, in order to determine the current position, a position newly determined for this purpose is taken into account in conjunction with a last valid position, wherein the current position is selected to be between these two positions and closer to that position which has a comparatively lower uncertainty.

Abstract: A system may have a digital period divider generating an output signal that is proportional to an angle defined by a rotational input signal and an interval measurement unit determining an interval time of an interval defined by succeeding pulses of the input output signal. In an enhancement, the system may also have a missing pulse detector which is operable to compare a current interval with a parameter to determine whether a pulse is missing in the input signal.

Abstract: A linear encoder includes a plate-type scale and a head which moves along the longitudinal direction of the scale. The scale has graduations formed on a surface of the scale and arranged along the longitudinal direction of the scale. The head includes a reading part which detects an amount of a relative movement of the head with respect to the scale by reading graduations formed on the scale. The head includes four bearings each having a rotation axis extending along the transverse direction of the scale. Each of the bearings is situated on the head so as to abut against a surface of the scale, to function as a spacer to maintain a distance between the scale and the head. The scale acts as a plate member interposed between the reading part and the graduations.

Abstract: A splicable fiber optic sensing system includes, a core, a sheath surrounding the core, an adhesive disposed between the core and the sheath at some locations and not at other locations, and at least one optical fiber disposed between the core and the sheath being sense transmissively locked to the core by the adhesive at the locations containing the adhesive

Abstract: A measuring tool (1) for measuring dimensional characteristics (D) of a production part (2). The tool (1) comprises a unit (3a, 3b) for positioning the measuring tool (1) relative to the part (2) and at least one measuring apparatus (4a, 4b) mechanically linked to the positioning unit (3a, 3b) by a mechanical link (5). The positioning unit (3a, 3b) comprises a first centring device (6a) for coming into contact against an inner surface (7a) of a first bore (22a1) of the production part (2) and a second centring device (6b) for coming into contact against an inner surface (7b) of a second bore (22b1) of the production part (2), the first and second bores (22a1, 22b1) being coaxial. The mechanical link (5) allows the relative displacement of the measuring apparatus (4a, 4b) relative to the first and second centring devices (6a, 6b).

Abstract: A housing part for a sensor for a vehicle transmission is able to be connected at the sensor housing to an additional housing part along a joining area by means of a joining process. The housing part has at least one uniform wall thickness or adjusted optical material properties in the joining area.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for leak detection of coolant gas from a chuck. The apparatus includes a chuck having a top surface and configured to clamp a substrate to the top surface, the chuck having one or more recessed regions in the top surface, the recessed regions configured to allow a cooling gas to contact a backside of the substrate; a cooling gas inlet and a cooling gas outlet connected to the one or more recessed regions; a first measurement device connected to the cooling gas inlet and configured to measure a first amount of cooling gas entering the cooling gas inlet and a second measurement device connected to the cooling gas outlet and configured to measure a second amount of cooling gas exiting from the cooling gas outlet; and a controller configured to determine a difference between the first amount of cooling gas and the second amount of cooling gas.

Abstract: An aspect provides a method of metering flow through a fluid conduit having an obstruction therein, including: placing an obstruction body within the conduit; generating at least two differential pressure measurement signals using at least three different pressure ports, said at least three different pressure ports comprising: an upstream pressure port; a downstream pressure port; and an auxiliary pressure port; wherein at least one of the upstream pressure port, the downstream pressure port, and the auxiliary pressure port is positioned at an angle between 0 and 90 degrees with respect to a conduit wall; establishing a baseline relationship between the at least two differential pressure measurement signals; and determining if the baseline relationship between the at least two differential pressure measurement signals differs by a predetermined amount. Other aspects are described and claimed.

Abstract: Apparatus includes a signal processing module configured at least to: receive signaling containing information about an application of a rotating magnetic field across a fluid flowing in a pipe, tank, cell or vessel; and determine a flow analysis across the fluid flowing in the pipe, tank, cell or vessel, based at least partly on the signaling received. The signal processing module may also be configured to provide corresponding signaling containing information about the flow analysis across the fluid flowing in the pipe, tank, cell or vessel.

Abstract: An ultrasonic flow meter is disclosed. The ultrasonic flow meter includes a meter housing, a first ultrasound transducer, a second ultrasound transducer, an electronic control arrangement for operating the ultrasonic flow meter, and a connection arrangement being arranged between the electronic control arrangement and the ultrasound transducers. The connection arrangement includes an electrically insulating support arrangement, and a set of elastic connectors for electrically connecting the electronic control arrangement with the first and second ultrasound transducers. The insulating support arrangement mechanically fixat the set of elastic connectors and maintains electrical separation between the set of elastic connectors. Furthermore, a method of assembling an ultrasonic flow meter, a connection arrangement, and a method of manufacturing a connection arrangement are disclosed.

Abstract: For the functional testing of an arrangement for dynamic fuel consumption measurement, at least two reference flows are produced through successive operation, at different frequencies, of a system pump (6) provided in any case for the regulated fuel flow, and the gradient determined from the reference measured values obtained is compared with the known gradients of the characteristic curve of the system pump (6).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sight glass assembly. The sight glass assembly includes a cover holding member that has an opening, sidewall, endwall. Positioned within the cover holding member is an O-ring and a glass or lens. The cover holding member is positioned against a farrel and a clamp is positioned around the farrel and the cover holding member and clamped to form a seal.

Abstract: An instrument adapted for the determination of fluid levels within a vessel by the comparison of the density of the fluid along the length of the instrument, said instrument comprising: (i) at least one generally linear source array comprising a plurality of sources of penetrating radiation, shielding and collimation means and a source supporting structure for supporting the sources and shielding and collimation means in a linear array (ii) at least one generally linear detector array comprising a plurality of radiation detectors, supported on a detector support structure, capable of detecting radiation emitted by the sources, and (iii) means to position the source and a respective detector array such that (a) radiation emitted from each of the sources is capable of following a linear path from the source, through the vessel and material to at least a respective one of the detectors forming a part of the respective detector array, and (b) the linear axis of the source array and the linear axis of its respecti

Abstract: An apparatus for characterizing a wafer comprising an aligner comprising a chuck for receiving and rotating the wafer, a sensor for detecting the position of the wafer as it is rotated, a first actuator for lowering and raising the wafer vertically, and a second actuator for moving the chuck horizontally; and a weighing scale comprising a weight sensor disposed proximate to the aligner, and a cantilevered arm extending laterally from the weight sensor over the chuck of the aligner, the cantilevered arm having a through hole surrounding the chuck. The chuck is vertically movable relative to the weighing scale from a first position in which the wafer is supported by the chuck to a second position in which the wafer is supported by the cantilevered arm of the weighing scale. A method for characterizing a wafer using the instant apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: A railcar weight sensing system is provided. The system includes at least one transducer positioned on a railway car bolster or sideframe. Signals from the transducer are transmitted to a receiver.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus may include a holding hopper configured to receive a sample of granular material. The measurement apparatus may include a top barrier assembly coupled between the holding hopper and a sub-sample measurement chamber. The top barrier assembly may include a movable top barrier configured to be moved from a closed position to an open position to direct a sub-sample of granular material to flow from the holding hopper to the sub-sample measurement chamber. The measurement apparatus may include the sub-sample measurement chamber configured to couple to the holding hopper at a docked position to receive the sub-sample of granular material from the holding hopper. The measurement apparatus may include a separator actuator configured to separate the sub-sample measurement chamber from the holding hopper. The measurement apparatus may include one or more measurement sensors configured to measure one or more attributes of the sub-sample of granular material.

Abstract: A vehicle seat occupant detection device configured to indicate if a seat of a vehicle is occupied based on a weight of an occupant occupying the seat is provided. The device includes a spring and a sensor. The spring is configured to urge the device toward an unoccupied state. The sensor is configured to cooperate with the spring in order to determine an amount of deflection of the spring. In this way, the spring operates both as a return spring and an object that the sensor can detect and thereby determine the relative proximity of the spring.

Abstract: A method of reducing variation in optical power levels across a group of light emitting diodes includes testing each respective one of the light emitting diodes to determine an optical power level produced by that light emitting diode when connected to an electrical power source. During testing, the electrical power source delivers a substantially identical amount of electrical current to each respective one of the light emitting diodes. The optical power levels from the test all fall within a first range of values. The method includes connecting an electrical resistance in parallel with at least some of the light emitting diodes to reduce an amount of optical power produced by those light emitting diodes. After the electrical resistances are connected, all of the optical power levels produced by the light emitting diodes fall within a second range that is narrower than the first range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to optical wave guide having multiple independent optical path and optical gas sensor using that, having an effect of improving optical efficiency by elongating optical path and condensing incident light without a separate artificial structure, by using first focus points of multiple 3 dimensional elliptical mirrors as a common focus point and equipping a light source at a first focus point and optical sensor parts at each second focus points in an optical structure using multiple 3 dimensional elliptical mirrors, and by placing so that virtual lines of first elliptical mirror and second elliptical mirror form a constant angle for improving optical efficiency in a structure equipping a light source at a second focus point of any one of elliptical mirror of multiple 3 dimensional elliptical mirrors and optical sensor parts at each second focus points of another 3 dimensional elliptical mirror.

Abstract: Color light sensors are used to sense colored light and a full spectrum light in order to generate at least three color channel signals and a clear channel signal. An infrared component IR is calculated by summing up the color channel signals with individual weighting factors and subtracting a weighted clear channel signal.

Abstract: Provided is a spectrophotometer having a sample container 30, a light-source unit 10 for casting measurement light into the sample container 30, a photodetector 40 for detecting light obtained from the sample container 30 illuminated with the measurement light, a light separator 20 placed between the light-source unit 10 and the sample container 30, an A/D converter 50 for converting detection signals from the photodetector 40 into digital signals, and an A/D conversion time controller 65 for controlling an A/D conversion time in the A/D converter 50. The A/D converter 50 receives, for each A/D conversion time, detection signals sequentially produced by the photodetector 40, and sequentially outputs values corresponding to the amounts of signals received. The A/D conversion time controller 65 controls the A/D conversion time at five times (preferably, ten times) the cycle of commercial power supplies or longer during wavelength-correctness validation of the light separator 20.

Abstract: An optical filter is disclosed including two laterally variable bandpass filters stacked at a fixed distance from each other, so that the upstream filter functions as a spatial filter for the downstream filter. This happens because an oblique beam transmitted by the upstream filter is displaced laterally when impinging on the downstream filter. The lateral displacement causes a suppression of the oblique beam when transmission passbands at impinging locations of the oblique beam onto the upstream and downstream filters do not overlap.

Abstract: A spectrometer, in particular for being installed in a sensor module of a fluid analysis system, including a radiation source and the following components defining a beam path or being arranged along the beam path: a sample chamber for a fluid to be examined, a first lens, a diffraction element, a second lens and a detector. A restriction aperture for restricting the effective diameter of the light beam incident on the diffraction element is provided between the sample chamber and the diffraction element.

Abstract: An angle restriction filter that allows light incident thereon in a predetermined range of incident angles to pass, includes: an optical path wall section formed from a plurality of light shield members laminated in layers including a common material, thereby forming an optical path in a lamination direction of the light shield members; and a light transmission section formed in a region surrounded by the optical path wall section.

Abstract: A multiple wavelength ellipsometer system for use in thin film characterization is disclosed. The light source for the system may include sequentially scanned multiple light emitting diodes or laser diodes. The polarization state detector may comprise no moving parts, and utilizes economical uncoated glass plates as beam splitters. The system compensates for potential measurement errors induced by misalignment of the input beam angle to the polarization state detector via a paired arrangement of the beam splitters. To provide improved accuracy in the analysis of data acquired by the system, methods herein actively compensate for the relatively large bandwidth of a preferable light emitting diode source.

Abstract: Systems capable of acquiring polarimetry data using a single camera with or without a polarizing filter. When a polarizing filter is used, the data acquisition method comprises: (1) maneuvering the aircraft (or other vehicle) to orient the polarizing filter (and camera) in various directions when images are captured, (2) registering the various images to each other, and (3) computing polarimetry values (such as the Stokes parameters) for points of interest in the images. When a polarizing filter is not used, the data acquisition method comprises maneuvering the aircraft (or other vehicle) to orient the camera in various directions when images are captured and then performing the same operations (2) and (3). These methods measure the amount of polarization in a given scene by taking multiple camera images at different angles.