Abstract: Electromagnetic attenuation of an object is accomplished by attaching a boot to a surface of an operational part of the object. The boot includes a thermoplastic material, such as in a thermoplastic layer, and an electromagnetic attenuation material, such as in an electromagnetic attenuation layer that overlies at least part of the thermoplastic layer. The attaching is accomplished by placing the boot onto the operational part, and then heat shrinking the boot to attach the boot to the operational part. The electromagnetic attenuation layer may have gaps in it prior to the heat shrinking, gaps that are closed during the heat shrinking, to the greater contraction of the thermoplastic layer. The boot and method may be used to advantageously provide electromagnetic attenuation without a need for spraying processes. The method may be used to retrofit and/or repair an object, without needed to remove it from the field.

Abstract: A radiowave absorber of the present invention includes: an upper plate that includes a dielectric material containing conductive particles; a lower plate that is arranged parallel to the upper plate, and includes a dielectric material that contains conductive particles; and a plate-shaped support portion that is arranged between the upper plate and the lower plate, and supports the upper plate and the lower plate.

Abstract: A terminal for performing at least one of wired and wireless communication is provided. The terminal includes a first antenna configured to recognize a handwriting through a change of an electromagnetic field and a second antenna for a short range wireless communication, wherein the first antenna and the second antenna are formed on a same Flexible Printed Circuit Board (FPCB).

Abstract: An electronic device may include radio-frequency transceiver circuitry and antenna structures. The radio-frequency transceiver circuitry may transmit signals for the antenna structures that pass through electrical components such as switches. Harmonics of the transmitted signals may be generated as the signals pass through the electrical components. To reduce interference that might otherwise adversely affect sensitive receiver circuitry in the electronic device, adjustable filter circuitry may be interposed between the electrical components and the antenna structures. Control signals may adjust the adjustable circuitry in real time during operation of an electronic device to ensure that transmitted signals can pass through the adjustable filter circuitry while blocking the harmonic signals.

Abstract: An antenna which reduces the number of end faces and perpendicular corners, and suffers from little deterioration of performance even if used for high frequency transmission/reception, in particular a microstrip patch antenna which is comprised of a dielectric substrate on the bottom surface of which a conductive ground plate is formed and on the top surface of which a patch antenna part formed by a conductor and a feeder circuit connected to the same are provided, wherein the feeder circuit is connected to the antenna part while offset by exactly a predetermined distance to either end side from a center of one side of said antennas part to which said feeder circuit is to be connected so that a transmission loss of the antenna becomes a predetermined value or less. The predetermined distance can be made 20 to 70% of the longitudinal side of the patch antenna part.

Abstract: The invention relates to a conductor track unit, in particular for a motor vehicle. The conductor track unit is provided with conductor tracks which are embedded in an electrically insulating material. The conductor tracks are, in particular completely, surrounded by the electrically insulating material and are therefore not accessible from the outside. Electrical connections are electrically connected to the conductor tracks. The electrical connections are accessible from the outside, and therefore can be electrically connected to electrical contacts of electrical or electronic components such as a switch, detector, electronic radio component, integrated circuit, electronic chip, electronic control device or motor, for example by soldering. The conductor tracks and electrical connections are different components which are therefore initially independent of one another and can be produced independently dependently of one another.

Abstract: A structure of connection between a coaxial cable and a shield terminal includes the coaxial cable configured to have at least one core wire part made of a conductor, an insulating coating part with which said core wire part is coated, a braided shield with which an outer peripheral surface of said insulating coating part is covered, and an insulating tube with which an outer peripheral surface of said braided shield is covered, the shield terminal that has a cylindrical press bond part pressed and is bonded to the outer peripheral surface of the braided shield, and a ring-shaped crimp member that is pressed and bonded to an outer peripheral surface of the insulating tube.

Abstract: In a connection structure, electric wire includes an inclined sheath section between an exposed core wire section and a whole circumferential sheath section. In the inclined sheath section, an end surface of the insulating sheath on one end side in a longitudinal direction inclines in a direction intersecting the longitudinal direction and thereby a portion of the core wire is exposed. Each of crimping pieces of a terminal has a core wire crimping section that crimps the exposed core wire section, a whole circumferential sheath crimping section that crimps the whole circumferential sheath section, and an inclined sheath crimping section that crimps the inclined sheath section. The terminal is crimped to the electric wire so that the end surface of the inclined sheath section faces a base plate section of the terminal.

Abstract: A cable connector for connecting a cable having an inner conductor includes an insulating housing having an assembling portion and a mating portion protruding from one side of the assembling portion, the mating portion including a mating cavity, the assembling portion including a receiving room communicating with the mating cavity; a contact having a connecting portion received in the receiving room for connecting the inner conductor of the cable and a contacting portion extending into the mating cavity; and a shell having a back portion assembled upon the assembling portion of the insulating housing. The insulating housing includes an elastic arm extending into the receiving room and located beside the connecting portion of the contact. The back portion of the shell includes a pushing portion pushing the elastic arm to press the connecting portion of the contact.

Abstract: A conductive adapter for carrying relatively high current from a source to an external circuit without degradation is provided. The adapter includes a conducting member made from a conductive nanostructure-based material and having opposing ends. The adapter can also include a connector portion positioned on one end of the conducting member for maximizing a number of conductive nanostructures within the conducting member in contact with connector portion, so as to enable efficient conduction between a nanoscale environment and a traditional electrical and/or thermal circuit system. The adapter can further include a coupling mechanism situated between the conducting member and the connector portion, to provide a substantially uniform contact between the conductive nanostructure-based material in the conducting member and the connector portion. A method for making such a conductive adapter is also provided.

Abstract: The coaxial connector of the Present Disclosure includes a tube-shaped outer conductor, an insulating portion and an inner conductor. The insulating portion has a first fixed portion, a first elastic portion positioned on one side of the first fixed portion, and a second elastic portion. The inner conductor has a second fixed portion, a first holding portion positioned on one side of the second fixed portion, and a second holding portion positioned on the other side of the second fixed portion. The first elastic portion biases the outer peripheral surface of the first holding portion towards the outer peripheral surface of the inner conductor of the other coaxial connector. The second elastic portion biasing the outer peripheral surface of the second holding portion towards the outer peripheral surface of the inner conductor of the other coaxial connector.

Abstract: A wire-to-board connector for connecting with a board-to-wire connector that includes a plastic body having a raised portion and two coupling portions, wherein the raised portion defines multiple through holes, each coupling portion is formed with an upright support having an enlarged top end, and multiple conductive terminals are fitted through the multiple through holes, wherein each conductive terminal has a fixed section, a solder section, and a connecting section. The wire-to-board connector comprises a dielectric housing and multiple conductive terminals. The dielectric housing defines two engaging holes and multiple positioning recesses. The conductive terminals of the wire-to-board connector are disposed in the positioning recesses for electrical connection to the connecting sections, wherein a protrusion is formed on an inner surface of each engaging hole, corresponding to the enlarged top end.

Abstract: A holding metal fitting includes: a side plate portion extending in a width direction X of a socket (a connector coupler); a bottom plate portion connected to a lower side of the side plate portion; an attachment piece portion a projecting from the bottom plate portion to the outside of a socket housing (a housing) and being attached and fixed to a circuit board; and an anchor portion extending from the side plate portion into the socket housing. Moreover, an outer wall surface (a wall surface) of the anchor portion includes an engagement portion for a resin inside the housing to engage with.

Abstract: A mezzanine header connector includes header modules stacked side-by-side having housing frames holding contact assemblies. Each contact assembly includes header contacts held by at least one dielectric holder. The header contacts have mating segments for termination to corresponding receptacle contacts of a mezzanine receptacle connector and terminating segments for termination to a circuit board. Each of the header contacts extend along a linear path between the corresponding mating segment and the corresponding terminating segment. Each housing frame has walls defining pockets receiving corresponding header contacts of the contact assembly. The housing frame is conductive and provides shielding around the associated header contacts of the contact assemblies. The header contacts face associated walls with air separating the header contacts and the walls along a majority of the header contacts.

Abstract: An interface card assembly of a bus extension system for coupling a solid state drive to a host bus adaptor of a host computer includes a printed circuit board having an edge connector with a plurality of pins and a plurality of first conducting traces. The interface card also includes a plurality of first serially aligned plated holes disposed along a first center-line having a first end and a second and being disposed perpendicularly to the edge connector and a slot. The slot is milled in the printed circuit board so that the slot is parallel and adjacent to the first center-line and extends beyond the first and second ends thereby leaving each of the first plated holes in a semi-circular shape.

Abstract: A terminal fitting (10) includes a tubular connecting portion (11) into which a male tab (90) is to be inserted. A plate-shaped resiliently deflectable contact (14) is formed separately from the connecting portion (11) and extends in a front-back direction in the connecting portion (11) for contacting the male tab (90) inserted into the connecting portion (11). The connecting portion (11) includes locks (24) for locking the resilient contact (14) to the connecting portion (11). A support (42) as a deflection supporting point of the resilient contact (14) is provided on a rear end of the resilient contact portion (14). The support (42) is located behind the front ends of receiving portions (41) of the resilient contact (14) to be locked by the locks (24).

Abstract: A connector includes a connector terminal electrically connected with a terminal (a counterpart terminal) of a counterpart component and a connector housing holding therein the connector terminal. The connector terminal includes a cylindrical terminal insertion section into which the counterpart terminal is to be inserted, a spring section which is brought into contact with the counterpart terminal in a cylinder of the terminal insertion section, and a displacement restriction section restricting excessive displacement of the spring section in the cylinder of the terminal insertion section when the spring section is brought into contact with the counterpart terminal, and the displacement restriction section includes a stabilizer which extends outward from the terminal insertion section while being supported continuously to a restriction part for the spring section.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus receives a voltage from power rails on a circuit board. The power supply apparatus comprises a frame and arms connected to the frame. Each of the arms comprises a contact end. The frame positions the contact end of each of the arms to contact the power rails of the circuit board. The contact end is biased towards the power rails to maintain the contact end in contact with the power rails. The contact end comprises a curved planar surface having a first edge and a second edge that terminates at an end edge. The first edge and the second edge follow a curved line, while the end edge follows a straight line. The contact end comprises a non-linear slot extending from the end edge along the curved planar surface and is positioned equally between the first edge and the second edge.

Abstract: The Present Disclosure relates to a card socket contact terminal furnished on an electronic apparatus. The card socket contact terminal having a plurality of contact points of the Present Disclosure is a contact terminal that is furnished on the housing of a card socket furnished on an electronic apparatus so as to make contact with a card that holds various data for information. It comprises main terminals that are furnished in a number corresponding to the card terminals furnished on the card so as to make contact with the card terminal, and auxiliary terminals that are each connected to the same card terminal to which the respective main terminal connects and to the respective main terminal. Because it can make a plurality of contacts with a single card terminal, it enables contact with the card terminal via the auxiliary terminal even if the main terminal is damaged.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric coupling element (1). Pin or socket contact elements (20), with which an electric means of a screwable connection means (28), are arranged in an electrically insulating main part (10). Openings (18) in the main part (10) are covered by means of a covering panel (30) I order to ensure the electric insulation of the individual contact elements (20). For assembly purposes, the covering panel (30) is movably attached to the main part (10) such that the covering panels (30, 30?) of two coupling elements (1, 1?) are mutually actuated when joined together.

Abstract: A connector includes: a first connector terminal to which a first electric cable is to be connected; a second connector terminal to which a second electric cable is to be connected; a sidewall that surrounds the first connector terminal and the second connector terminal; a protection cover; and an interlock mechanism. The interlock mechanism includes an interlock connector and an interlock pin. The interlock connector is disposed between the first connector terminal and the second connector terminal, and the interlock pin is provided at the protection cover and is positioned such that the interlock pin is inserted into the interlock connector when the protection cover is attached to the sidewall.

Abstract: A card connector for being assembled in an electrical device includes an insulating housing defining a receiving cavity and a sliding groove, a shielding shell covering on the insulating housing and covering up the receiving cavity to form a receiving slot between the shielding shell and the insulating housing, an ejection mechanism slidably assembled in the sliding groove of the insulating housing, a supporting unit inserted in the receiving slot, and a water-proof mechanism including pushing parts and water-proof parts. The electrical device includes a cover covered in front of the card connector. The pushing parts pass rearward through the cover to be respectively fixed with front ends of the supporting unit and the ejection mechanism. The water-proof parts are respectively worn around the pushing parts and press against the cover.

Abstract: An electric connector includes a terminal body defining an interior space. An electric contact is located within the internal space. The electric contact includes a base contact ring that is biased into engagement with the terminal body and an outer ring that is biased into engagement with the terminal body. A contact arm extends from the base contact ring to the outer ring.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to network connectors, and more particularly, to apparatuses, systems, and methods associated with network jacks having compatibility with more than one plug and corresponding plugs. In one embodiment, the present invention is a jack having multiple printed circuit boards, wherein each circuit board is used for connection to a particular style of a plug. In one embodiment, the jack according to the present invention is compatible with an RJ45 plug.

Abstract: A cable interface connection structure includes a jack and a plug. The plug is received in the jack. The jack includes a case, a support body, and a plurality of pins. The pins are received in the support body, and the support body is received in the case. The jack defines two rows of the pins. The plurality of pins in each row is the same. The plug includes two rows of contact terminals. A plurality of contact terminals in each row is the same. The pins are coupled to the contact terminals.

Abstract: A quickly connectable plug and socket for power connection of electrical lighting apparatus comprising a male plug which is capable to be inserted and connected with a female socket; conductive contact pieces are provided in the female socket; conductive pins are provided on the male plug; at least two resilient claws are arranged along a circumference of a cavity of an insertion portion of the female socket; each resilient claw is provided with first teeth axially arranged in a column with respect to the female socket; outer circumferential surface of an insertion portion of the male plug is provided with second teeth corresponding to the first teeth and arranged axially in columns with respect to the male plug; the insertion portion of the female socket is also provided with a position limiting groove; a position limiting button corresponding to the position limiting groove is provided on the male plug.

Abstract: A connector device includes a connector and a slider to be inserted into the connector. A connector housing of the connector has a rib configured to come into contact with a position corresponding to a depression between contacts of a flat circuit body before a top end of the flat circuit body reaches a position of a top end of a terminal and guide the top end of the flat circuit body to a position higher than the top end of the terminal in a process of inserting an insertion guide portion.

Abstract: Embodiments provide for a cable connector for coupling a cable with a device having a mating connector. The cable connector includes a cable connector body having a device end, a cable end, a bottom side, and a pivot point on the bottom side between the device and cable ends. Also, the cable connector includes a strut having a first strut end pivotally coupled with the pivot point and a second strut end. The strut is operable to rotate between a retracted position and an actuated position. The second strut end is adapted to engage the device on a surface of the device below the mating connector in the actuated position.

Abstract: An electrical connector includes a conductive shell having a chamber and having a mating end and a cable end. An insert assembly is received in the chamber and includes a module having a plurality of channels. The module is conductive and provides peripheral electrical shielding entirely around each of the channels for an entire length of each of the channels. The module engages and is electrically commoned with the shell. The insert assembly also includes insulator housings each holding a pair of contacts. The insulator housings are received in corresponding channels and electrically insulate the contacts from the module. Each pair of contacts is electrically shielded from each other pair of contacts by the module. A backshell is coupled to the cable end of the shell and holds the insert assembly in the chamber of the shell.

Abstract: An electrical connector comprises a body and a plurality of terminals. The body may comprise a slot, a one side wall, a plurality of spacers and a plurality of terminal grooves. The side wall is adjacent to the slot, the plurality of spacers are positioned on the side wall and arranged alongside the slot. The plurality of terminal grooves are adjacent to the side wall, the each spacer is positioned between the adjacent two terminal grooves. The plurality of terminals comprise two pairs of differential signal terminals and a ground terminal, the ground terminal is positioned between the two pairs of differential signal terminals. The two pairs of differential signal terminals and the ground terminal are received in the corresponding terminal grooves. The spacer between the each pair of differential signal terminals and the ground terminal can be partially removed.

Abstract: A pluggable modular device is configured for removable connection to a patch panel. The pluggable modular device includes an electrical connector for mating with a corresponding electrical connector of the patch panel; and at least one of scanning electronics for scanning connection ports of the patch panel and guidance electronics for activating indicators of the patch panel.

Abstract: A multi-port or multi-outlet cassette that may be configured as a low profile, high-density cassette. Selected embodiments include a bezel member having a projection positioned between each adjacent pair of outlets to help reduce crosstalk. A releasable latch mechanism may be included that is configured to selectively latch and unlatch the cassette to a patch panel. Embodiments configured for use with fiber optic cables may include a movable connector member. A cable connector may be mounted to the movable connector member to move therewith as a unit. Moving the movable connector member determines an angle of the cable connector relative to the panel. Angles may be selected to reduce stress on a cable connected to the cable connector. In particular, it may be desirable to position the cable connector such that it is orthogonal to the panel.

Abstract: Comprised are a sliding member for retaining a card and sliding in the forward/backward direction of a housing, and a locking member for sliding in the widthwise direction of the housing and locking the card received within the housing, the locking member comprising a sliding control part for controlling the sliding of the sliding member, the sliding control part preventing the sliding member from sliding when the locking member is in a first position, and allowing the sliding member to slide when the locking member is in a second position.

Abstract: A device for connection of a thermocouple to a coaxial connector of an electromagnet/gas tap assembly including a tubular body made of a non-conducting material and having a first end accommodating a female contact adapted to couple in use with a male tip contact of the coaxial connector; an electrically conducting and elastically deformable connecting element externally carried in cantilever fashion by a central portion of the tubular body so as to at least partly surround the first end of the tubular body and shaped so as to surround with radial clearance a collar of the coaxial connector when the female contact couples with the male tip contact; and a fastening element swingingly carried by the tubular body and that can be received on the connecting element for radially clamping the same onto the collar.

Abstract: A coaxial connector system comprises a coaxial plug connector and socket connector. The coaxial connectors have a center conductor defining a center axis of the connector and an outer conductor coaxial to the center conductor. The plug connector's outer conductor has a cylindrical shape with slits forming a plurality of spring loaded contact elements, while the socket connector's outer conductor is a cylindrical shape forming a contact surface. Furthermore, the connectors have a mechanical contact surface at a right angle to their center axis and distant from the spring loaded contact elements and the contact surface. Cylindrically precision centering means are provided at the connectors, which fit into each other and precisely align the center axis of the connectors resulting in reduced passive intermodulation. This design allows for further reducing contact gaps between the outer and inner conductors to further improve return loss at high frequencies.

Abstract: In a coaxial connector, a body part includes an upper surface, a bottom surface, a side surface, and a hole provided in the upper surface so that a substantially rodlike probe is to be inserted therein from an upper side. A fixed terminal is fixed to the body part. A movable terminal includes a lead portion disposed on the side surface, a fixed portion bent relative to the lead portion to extend in a horizontal direction and fixed to the body part, and a leaf spring portion bent relative to the lead portion to extend in the horizontal direction and contacting the fixed terminal from a lower side. The leaf spring portion is separated from the fixed terminal when pressed down by the probe.

Abstract: The coaxial connector includes a tube-shaped outer conductor and an inner conductor provided inside the outer conductor in a plan view. The outer conductor includes an engaging portion recessed towards the inner conductor, a first portion positioned closer to one end of the outer conductor relative to the engaging portion, and a second portion positioned closer to the other end of the outer conductor relative to the engaging portion. The outer peripheral surface of the engaging portion is positioned closer to the inner conductor than to the outer peripheral surface of the first portion and the outer peripheral surface of the second portion, and the inner peripheral surface of the engaging portion is closer to the inner conductor than to either the inner peripheral surface of the first portion or the inner peripheral surface of the second portion.

Abstract: An electrical connector includes an insulating body, and a first and second terminal groups located in the insulating body. The first and second terminal groups are formed by a material strip through integral stamping and tearing. Two neighboring terminals in the first terminal group and the second terminal group are staggered with each other in the vertical direction. The first terminal group includes a first differential signal terminal pair. Each first differential signal terminal of the first differential signal terminal pair has a first welding portion connected to the material strip, and a first contact portion exposed from the insulating body. The width of the first contact portion is greater than that of the first welding portion. The first contact portion bends downward and extends to form a pre-pressing portion. A space between the pre-pressing portions is less than a space between the first contact portions.

Abstract: A contact comprises a pair of conductive members and a biasing member attached between the pair of conductive members and biasing the pair of conductive members toward each other. The pair of conductive members each have a base portion and an attaching portion. The base portion of one of the conductive members and the base portion of the other conductive member are disposed spaced apart from each other. At least one of the pair of conductive members has a support portion extending from the base portion toward the other conductive member and abutting against the other conductive member to support the other conductive member.

Abstract: A power adapter includes an adapter body including a positioning structure and an insertion slot disposed at two opposite sides relative to an accommodation chamber therein and an electrical plug member for connection to an external power source, and an electrical module including a circuit board mounted in the accommodation chamber for converting inputted AC power supply into DC power supply, an adapter plate fixedly mounted on the circuit board at right angles and inserted into the positioning structure to electrically connect the electrical plug member to the circuit board and a power transmission device electrically connected to the circuit board and facing toward the insertion slot for DC power supply output.

Abstract: A method of producing a glow plug, wherein a pin terminal is produced by applying a plastic working to a workpiece made of a conductive metal. The production method has: a first step of obtaining a first workpiece; a second step of setting the first workpiece to a second workpiece; a third step of setting the second workpiece to a third workpiece; and a fourth step of setting the third workpiece to a fourth workpiece.

Abstract: By a wire end joining method, conductors are integrally joined to each other by applying ultrasonic vibration in a predetermined direction to a conductor bundle obtained by bundling the conductors exposed from a plurality of wires. In a conductor bundle forming process, the conductor bundle is formed by bundling the conductors while interposing metallic foils or plates between the conductors adjacent in a predetermined direction which is an applying direction of the ultrasonic vibration. In an ultrasonic joining process, the conductors are integrally joined to each other by applying the ultrasonic vibration to the formed conductor bundle while pressing the formed conductor bundle in the predetermined direction.

Abstract: A system and method of manufacture of a foldable electrical connector-housing system includes: a first end panel with an outer first end panel side having first end panel contacts; a second end panel having an outer second end panel side; a clip mechanism in at least one of the two end panels for attaching the foldable electrical connector-housing system to a flat surface; a fold mechanism is connected between the first end panel and the second end panel for folding into a folded configuration; and an electronic unit on the first end panel, the electronic unit coupled to the first end panel contacts.

Abstract: A laser system comprises a pump diode, fiber, relay optics, and a microchip laser crystal. The pump diode produces light at a first wavelength. The fiber receives the light from the pump diode and produces a round, homogeneous light spot at an output of the fiber. The relay optics receives the light from the fiber. The microchip laser crystal receives the light from the relay optics and produces a linearly polarized single frequency output at a second wavelength. The microchip laser crystal includes a first layer and a second layer. The first layer absorbs the light at the first wavelength and emits light at the second wavelength. The second layer receives the light at the second wavelength and either provides a polarization dependent loss at the second wavelength or maintains a polarization of the light at the second wavelength.

Abstract: According to one aspect, the invention relates to an optic fiber amplifier having a high Brillouin threshold, and including: an amplification optic fiber (16) comprising a core and a sheath and suitable for amplifying a signal beam travelling in said core; means for coupling the signal beam in an input end of said amplification optic fiber; means for coupling a pump laser beam for pumping said amplification optic fiber; a structure (330, 340) including a deformable portion around which at least one portion of said amplification optic fiber is wound in the shape of turns, said turns being in contact with a surface of said deformable portion, wherein the friction of said optic fiber on said surface resulting, during the deformation of said deformable portion, in an elongation of said amplification optic fiber according to an elongation profile that varies from one turn to the other.

Abstract: A good way to avoid extreme current levels when supplying large amounts of power is to increase the voltage. The easiest way to do this is connecting the radiation elements (e.g. laser diode pixels) in series (La1 to La-n). In such a pixelated driver, the amount of components and complexity per pixel are reduced by connecting as many radiation elements as possible in series, supplying the string by one current controlled driver (Is), shortening pixels which should be in off state by a switch in parallel (40-1 to 40-n) to the radiation element, storing binary on/off information (30-1 to 30-n) for each pixel locally, creating a floating supply (20-1 to 20-n) for the switches, and managing information transfer to the floating storage and switches.

Abstract: A surface-emitting laser apparatus includes: a surface-emitting laser element; and a driving apparatus supplying a modulation-driving current to the surface-emitting laser element. The modulation-driving current is intensity-modulated to vary across a value of a bias current. The number of lateral modes of laser oscillation of the surface-emitting laser element changes from one to three at maximum in accordance with a value of the modulation-driving current. Among changing currents at which number of the lateral modes of the laser oscillation of the surface-emitting laser element changes, if a first changing current is defined at which the number of the lateral mode of the laser oscillation changes from one to two, the driving apparatus supplies the modulation-driving current to the surface-emitting laser element. The modulation-driving current is set so that a value of the first changing current is not between the bias current and a maximum value of the modulation-driving current.

Abstract: A system and method generate laser pulses. Using the modulation signal from a pulse generation module, a seed laser diode generates seed light pulses in response to direct drive current modulation. The seed light pulses have a pulse duration longer than a target pulse duration and a spectral chirp. A compression module has dispersion characteristics over a broad spectral range. The pulse generation module is configured to adapt the modulation signal to tailor the spectral chirp of the seed light pulses in view of the dispersion characteristics of the compression module, such that propagation of the seed light pulses through the compression module compresses the seed pulses into output light pulses having the target pulse duration.

Abstract: A laser includes an optically pumped semiconductor OPS gain-structure. The apparatus has a laser-resonator which includes a mode-locking device for causing the laser to deliver mode-locked pulses. The resonator has a total length selected such that the mode-locked pulses are delivered at a pulse repetition frequency less than 150 MHz. An optical arrangement within the resonator provides that radiation circulating in the resonator makes a plurality of incidences on the OPS gain-structure with a time less than the excited-state lifetime of the gain-structure between successive incidences.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed that provide a direct indication of the presence and concentration of an analyte within the external cavity of a laser device that employ the compliance voltage across the laser device. The systems can provide stabilization of the laser wavelength. The systems and methods can obviate the need for an external optical detector, an external gas cell, or other sensing region and reduce the complexity and size of the sensing configuration.