Abstract: Disclosed is a coating material for parts of an engine exhaust system and a method for manufacturing the same. The coating material includes a second junction layer made of CrN or Ti(C)N, a support layer made of TiAlN/CrN disposed on a surface of the second junction layer, and a functional layer made of TiAlN/CrSiN or TiAlN/CrSiCN disposed on a surface of the support layer. The coating material improves abrasion resistance and seizure resistance of the parts of the engine exhaust system.

Abstract: A method for producing an exhaust gas aftertreatment or acoustic device (20) having a maximum operating temperature TMAX. The method includes the steps of (a) providing a blanket (40) of silica fiber insulation material having a weight percentage of SiO2 greater than 65%; (b) calcining the insulating material by heating the blanket (40) so that all of silica fiber insulation material is raised to a temperature T greater than TMAX (where T is less than the melting temperature of the silica fibers of the blanket); and (c) securing the blanket (40) on the device (20) after the calcining step. The blanket is encapsulated in a covering (50) prior to the calcining step whereby the blanket is batting in the covering, with the covering between the blanket and the device being a selected one of wire mesh or siliconized fiber glass.

Abstract: An isolator mounting apparatus is disclosed for supporting an exhaust component from a body portion of a vehicle. The apparatus has an elastomeric isolator element having at least one hole for receiving a first external hanger. An isolator bracket has a portion which is used for receiving and supporting the isolator element, and a neck portion extending therefrom. A mounting element is configured to engage with at least a portion of the neck portion of the isolator bracket. The mounting element is adapted to be secured to the isolator bracket. The mounting element is further adapted to be fixedly secured to the exhaust component.

Abstract: An engine includes a cylinder block with first and second saw cuts intersecting a block face on opposed sides of a block bore bridge. A cylinder head has third and fourth saw cuts intersecting a head face on opposed sides of a head bore bridge. A gasket is placed between the block and the head. The gasket defines a cooling passage adapted to fluidly connect the first, second, third and fourth saw cuts and cool the interbore region of the engine. The cooling passage has an inlet and a pair of outlets.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a casting product and a method of manufacturing the casting product. The manufacturing method of the casting product includes: manufacturing a salt core including a heterogeneous material part; manufacturing the casting product by inserting the salt core including the heterogeneous material part into a casting mold; injecting a molten metal into the casting mold; and removing the salt core from the casting product.

Abstract: An engine with a cylinder, a cylinder head, a main combustion chamber, a pre-combustion chamber assembly, and a control valve is provided. The main combustion chamber is disposed in the cylinder. The pre-combustion chamber assembly is disposed in the cylinder head. The pre-combustion chamber assembly includes a pre-chamber portion in fluid communication with the main combustion chamber. The pre-combustion chamber assembly includes a tip portion, which includes at least one orifice to allow fluid communication between the main combustion chamber and the pre-chamber portion. The control valve is accommodated in the pre-chamber portion and is mechanically switchable between a closed position and an open position. The control valve is adapted to be switched to the closed position when fluid pressure in the pre-chamber portion reaches a peak pressure value. The control valve then blocks fluid communication between the main combustion chamber and the pre-chamber portion.

Abstract: An engine with a main combustion chamber and a pre-combustion chamber assembly is provided. The pre-combustion chamber assembly includes a pre-combustion chamber, a pressure-limiting device, and a fluid conduit. The pressure-limiting device includes a first end and a second end. The first end includes a spring. The second end is exposed to the pre-combustion chamber. The pressure-limiting device is operable in a passive state and an active state. The fluid conduit is disposed between the main combustion chamber and the first end of the pressure-limiting device to facilitate fluid communication between the main combustion chamber and the pressure-limiting device. The pressure-limiting device is actuated to the active state when fluid pressure in the pre-combustion chamber reaches a threshold value during pre-chamber combustion. In the active state, the pressure-limiting device moves away from the pre-combustion chamber, to increase a volume in the pre-combustion chamber.

Abstract: The method involves receiving a plurality of current operating parameters of an engine during operation of engine and determining at least one of a current substitution ratio and a current peak cylinder pressure based on the plurality of current operating parameters. The method also involves determining at least one of a target substitution ratio and a predefined peak cylinder pressure based on the plurality of current operating parameters and comparing at least one of the current substitution ratio with the target substitution ratio and the current peak cylinder pressure with the predefined peak cylinder pressure. The method also involves controlling a first power output from a plurality of engine cylinders and a second power output from an electric turbo-compounding system, based on the comparison of at least one of the current substitution ratio with the target substitution ratio and the current peak cylinder pressure with the predefined peak cylinder pressure.

Abstract: A control arrangement (1) of an exhaust-gas turbocharger having a bearing bushing (3); a control shaft (4) which is connected at a first end (5) to a first adjustment lever (6) and which is guided in the bearing bushing (3); and a second adjustment lever (9) which is connected to a second end (8) of the control shaft (4) and which, on a free end region (10), bears a control device (11), wherein the free end region (10) is designed to be cranked in the direction of the first adjustment lever (6).

Abstract: An apparatus including a reciprocating internal combustion engine with at least one piston and cylinder set and an intake stream; at least one liquid atomizer in fluid communication with the intake stream operable to provide a plurality of liquid droplets with a diameter less than 5 ?m to the intake stream; and a controller where the controller is able to adjust an index of compression for the engine by: calculating a wet compression level in response to an engine operating limit and adjusting the at least one liquid atomizer in response to the wet compression level.

Abstract: A compound cycle engine having an output shaft, at least two rotary units each including an internal combustion engine with the rotor of each rotary unit mounted on the output shaft and in driving engagement therewith, and a turbine including a rotor in driving engagement with the output shaft. The exhaust port of each rotary unit housing is in fluid communication with the flowpath of the turbine upstream of its rotor. The turbine is disposed co-axially between two of the rotary units. The engine may further include a compressor in fluid communication with the inlet port of each housing and a second turbine having an inlet in fluid communication with the flowpath of the first turbine downstream of its rotor. A method of compounding rotary engines is also discussed.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine and method of operating such an engine are disclosed. In some embodiments, the engine includes a piston provided within a cylinder, wherein a combustion chamber is defined within the cylinder at least in part by a face of the piston, and an intake valve within the cylinder capable of allowing access to the combustion chamber. The engine further includes a source of compressed air, where the source is external of the cylinder and is coupled to the cylinder by way of the intake valve, and where the piston does not ever operate so as to compress therewithin an amount of uncombusted fuel/air mixture, whereby the engine is capable of operating without a starter. In further embodiments, the piston is rigidly coupled to another, oppositely-orientated second piston, and the two pistons move in unison in response to combustion events to drive hydraulic fluid to a hydraulic motor.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method comprises a housing comprising at least a recessed area and an inner wall. A plurality of plates are disposed within the housing and configured to form a structure. The structure has an outside surface. The structure is capable of being articulated between a first configuration and a second configuration and a third configuration. A plurality of connecting rods are joined to the plurality of plates to form the structure and to at least in part articulate the structure. The connecting rods are movable to form the first configuration to enable a gas to flow from the recessed area to the outside surface. The plurality of connecting rods are further movable to form the second configuration, wherein at least a portion of the gas is compressed between the outside surface and the inner wall and then to the third configuration.

Abstract: A turbine system including a compressor (3), a combustor arrangement having several combustors (4) fluidicallys connected to receive air from the compressor (3), and a turbine (5) fluidically connected to the combustors (4). Each combustor (4) has an air inlet ring chamber (7) with a flow cross-section defined by an inner tube (10) and an outer tube (11; 17) around the inner tube. The air inlet ring chamber is configured to introduce compressed air from the compressor (3) into the combustor (4). A radial distance (d) between the inner tube (10) and the outer tube (11; 17) of each air inlet ring chamber (7) at least partially varies along the circumference of the air inlet ring chamber (7).

Abstract: An assembly for a gas turbine engine includes a minidisk that includes an axial extension extending from a disc. The axial extension includes an inner diameter surface and a recess arranged radially opposite the inner diameter surface. The recess provides a radially outwardly extending flange and a bumper extending radially inward from and proud of the inner diameter surface. A method of working on a gas turbine engine section includes inserting a tool into a cavity beneath a seal assembly, and engaging a flange of a minidisk with the tool to manipulate first and second rotors with respect to one another.

Abstract: In a gas turbine engine, the booster compressor is driven by both the low pressure or fan shaft and high pressure shaft through a differential gear arrangement. The rotational speed of the booster compressor is intermediate between the speed of the fan and the speed of the high pressure compressor.

Abstract: Provided is an internal combustion system for an ultra-high efficiency gas turbine (UHEGT) engine which includes a fuel injection system, an ignition system, a stator system, and a rotor system. The stator system includes a plurality of stators positioned radially around a central axis. The fuel injection system injects fuel within the stator system and the ignition system is located within the stator system allowing combustion to take place therein. The rotor system includes a plurality of rotors positioned radially around the central axis downstream from the stator system. The UHEGT-technology completely eliminates the combustion chambers and replaces the latter with a distributed combustion system using stator-internal combustion technology. This technology allows for an increase in the thermal efficiency of gas turbines of at least about 7% (and in many cases much more) above the thermal efficiency of the most advanced existing gas turbines.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods that provide a low pressure liquid CO2 stream. In particular, the present disclosure provides systems and methods wherein a high pressure CO2 stream, such as a recycle CO2 stream from a power production process using predominately CO2 as a working fluid, can be divided such that a portion thereof can be expanded and used as a cooling stream in a heat exchanger to cool the remaining portion of the high pressure CO2 stream, which can then be expanded to form a low pressure CO2 stream, which may be in a mixed form with CO2 vapor. The systems and methods can be utilized to provide net CO2 from combustion in a liquid form that is easily transportable.

Abstract: This IGCC plant is provided with an ASU which separates oxygen gas and nitrogen gas from air, a coal gasification furnace which uses an oxidizing agent to gasify coal, and a gas turbine which is driven by the combustion gas resulting from burning a gas generated by means of the coal gasification furnace. This IGCC plant control device (50) is provided with an air separation amount determination unit (52) which determines the production amount of nitrogen gas produced by the ASU depending on the operating load of the IGCC plant, and supplies to the coal gasification furnace the entire amount of oxygen gas generated as a byproduct in response to the determined nitrogen gas production amount. By this means, the IGCC plant can minimize blow-off of oxygen gas produced from the air.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine, especially an industrial gas turbine engine for electrical power production, where a second compressor is used to supply a second compressed air at a higher pressure to a stage of stator vanes in the turbine section of the engine for cooling of the stage of stator vanes, and where the heated compressed air used to cool the stator vanes is then discharged into the combustor to be burned with a fuel and produce a hot gas stream that is passed through the turbine. an intercooler can be used with the second compressor to lower the temperature of the second compressed air used for cooling the stator vanes.

Abstract: An air guiding device in an aircraft engine, comprising at least one connection device of a core engine shroud with an external wall of a bypass duct of the aircraft engine is provided. At least one first air inlet opening for inflowing air is connected to a connection device or is arranged inside the connection device.

Abstract: A turbine engine cooling arrangement according to an example of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a core passage for receiving a core flow for combustion, a first airflow source including a first passage adjacent the core passage for conveying a first airflow, a second airflow source including a second passage adjacent the first passage for conveying a second airflow, and a heat exchanger that is thermally connected with the first passage and the second passage for transferring heat between the first airflow and the second airflow. The first airflow and the second airflow stream over the heat exchanger in a parallel radial direction and a parallel axial direction. An engine inlet divides inlet air into the core flow, the first airflow, and the second airflow. A method of providing cooling air is also disclosed.

Abstract: A fastener assembly for a gas turbine engine, and method of assembly, includes a first body having a first surface and a recess communicating through the first surface. The recess may be defined by a bottom surface and a side face spanning between the first and bottom surfaces. A shank of the assembly is generally engaged between the first body and a second body and includes opposite first and second end portions. The first end portion is located in the recess and the second end portion is engaged to the second body. A filler of the assembly is generally located in the recess to cover the first end portion. To reduce windage, the filler has an outer surface that is substantially flush with the first surface.

Abstract: A system and method of reducing engine induced aircraft cabin resonance includes sensing the core engine speed of a first turbofan gas turbine engine, and sensing the core engine speed of a second turbofan gas turbine engine. In a control system, the core engine speed of the first turbofan gas turbine engine and the core engine speed of the second turbofan gas turbine engine are processed to determine a core engine speed difference between the first and second turbofan gas turbine engines. The core engine speed difference is processed to supply a variable inlet guide vane (VIGV) offset value. The VIGV offset value is applied to a VIGV reference command associated with one of the first or second turbofan gas turbine engine to thereby cause the VIGVs of one of the first or second turbofan gas turbine engine to move to a more closed position.

Abstract: A hydrostatic seal and vibration damping apparatus for a gas turbine engine adapted to reduce vibrations during cold engine start-ups is disclosed. In one disclosed configuration, the vibration damping apparatus is comprised of a temperature sensitive control ring having a relatively high coefficient of thermal expansion adapted to expand quickly at relatively low temperatures to protect the hydrostatic seal during such gas turbine engine startups. At operational temperatures, the control ring is adapted to become separated from the hydrostatic sea.

Abstract: A turbofan engine includes a geared architecture for driving a fan about an axis. The geared architecture includes a sun gear rotatable about an axis, a plurality of planet gears driven by the sun gear and a ring gear circumscribing the plurality of planet gears. A carrier supports the plurality of planet gears. The geared architecture includes a power transfer parameter (PTP) defined as power transferred through the geared architecture divided by gear volume multiplied by a gear reduction ratio and is between about 219 and 328.

Abstract: Systems and methods for regulating a bulk flame temperature in a dry low emission engine are provided. According to one embodiment of the disclosure, a method may include measuring an exhaust gas temperature (EGT) and determining a target EGT. The target EGT is determined based at least in part on a compressor bleed air flow percentage and a combustor burning mode. The method may include calculating a bias based at least in part on the EGT and the target EGT and applying the bias to a bulk flame temperature schedule. The method may include regulating one or more staging valves and compressor bleeds of the DLE engine based at least in part on the bulk flame temperature schedule. The bulk flame temperature schedule is mapped to parameters of the staging valves and compressor bleeds to reduce nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide emissions.

Abstract: A device for the extraction of bleed air from flowing air at or in an aircraft engine is provided. The device includes an adjusting means for the specific adjustment of an inlet cross section of an opening for the bleed air in or at a wall during operation of the aircraft engine. The opening for the bleed air is arranged in or at a deformable base and the adjusting means acts on the deformable base for the purpose of modifying the inlet cross section of the opening relative to the flowing air, wherein the deformable base is part of a metallic housing in the aircraft engine.

Abstract: A device for the extraction of bleed air from flowing air at or in an aircraft engine is provided. The device includes a means for specific adjustment of an inlet cross section of an opening at or in the area of a wall of the aircraft engine and a flow guide means for a boundary layer flow.

Abstract: A system method of reducing engine induced aircraft cabin resonance in an aircraft includes sensing a parameter representative of current aircraft flight conditions, and sensing a parameter representative of current engine operating conditions of at least one of a first turbofan gas turbine engines or a second turbofan gas turbine engine. In a control system, the parameter representative of current aircraft flight conditions and the parameter representative of current engine operating conditions are processed to supply a variable inlet guide vane (VIGV) offset value. The VIGV offset value is applied to a VIGV reference command associated with one of the first or second turbofan gas turbine engine, to thereby cause the VIGVs of one of the first or second turbofan gas turbine engine to move to a more closed position.

Abstract: Bypass turbine engine, in particular for an aircraft, in which air flows circulate from upstream to downstream, the turbine engine extending axially and comprising: an inner casing, an inter-duct casing and an outer casing (13) so as to define a primary duct between the inter-duct casing and the inner casing, and a secondary duct between the inter-duct casing and the outer casing (13), a rotary shaft comprising, at the upstream end, a movable fan comprising radial blades of which the free ends face the outer casing (13) of the turbine engine so as to compress an air flow at least in the secondary duct, a plurality of variable-pitch radial stator vanes (5) mounted upstream of the movable fan so as to deflect the incident axial air prior to it being axially rectified by the movable fan in the secondary duct, means for individually regulating the pitch of the variable-pitch radial vanes (5) if heterogeneity of the air flow in the secondary duct is detected.

Abstract: During a stage (E0) of starting the turbine engine, the method of the invention comprises: an open-loop generating step (E10) of generating a fuel flow rate command (WF_OL) from at least one pre-established relationship; and a closed-loop monitoring step (E20-E30) of monitoring at least one operating parameter of the turbine engine selected from: a rate of acceleration (dN2/dt) of a compressor of the turbine engine; and a temperature (EGT) at the outlet from a turbine of the turbine engine; this monitoring step comprising maintaining (E30) the operating parameter in a determined range of values by using at least one corrector network (R1, R2, R3) associated with the parameter and suitable for delivering a signal for correcting the open-loop generated fuel flow rate command so as to maintain the operating parameter in the determined range of values.

Abstract: A system and methods are provided for controlling turboshaft engines. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving input signals for a collective lever angle (CLA) command and real-time power turbine speed (NP) of an engine, determining system data for engine effectors by the control unit based on the input signals for the collective lever angle (CLA) command and the real-time power turbine speed (NP) based on an integrated model for the turboshaft engine including a model of a gas generator section of the turboshaft engine and a model of a power turbine and rotor load section of the turboshaft engine. The method may also include determining control output based on model-based multi-variable control including optimization formulation and a constrained optimization solver. The method may also include outputting one or more control signals for control of the turboshaft engine.

Abstract: An exhaust pipe valve system of an internal combustion engine includes: a plurality of exhaust pipe valves; and an actuator unit being an operation unit which performs an opening/closing operation of the exhaust pipe valves, wherein: the operation unit includes a first pulley and a second pulley being at least two operation parts which are connected to the plural exhaust pipe valves via wire cables respectively to open/close the exhaust pipe valves; and at least one of the operation parts has a non-operating area in which the operation part does not cause the corresponding cable to work in a predetermined operating range of the operation unit.

Abstract: A control device for an internal combustion engine includes a controller. The controller controls the relative rotation phase of the exhaust camshaft in accordance with the relative rotation phase of the intake camshaft. When a request for locking the relative rotation phase of the intake camshaft at an intermediate phase is generated, the controller controls the relative rotation phase of the exhaust camshaft such that the relative rotation phase of the exhaust camshaft is changed to a phase corresponding to the intermediate phase independently from the relative rotation phase of the intake camshaft.

Abstract: A controller (an engine controller 100) feeds a fuel into a cylinder 11 through a fuel feeder (including a fuel injection valve 53 and a fuel feeding system 54) when the cylinder 11 is in an intake stroke and a compression stroke and if an engine body (an engine 1) is both in a cold running phase and under a heavy load. The engine body at or below a predetermined temperature is in the cold running phase. The load applied to the engine body is heavy when the engine body is under at least a predetermined load. The controller also lowers the upper limit of the charging efficiency of the engine body as the vaporization rate of the fuel fed into the cylinder decreases.

Abstract: If an engine body is under a load greater than a predetermined load, a controller selects a first fuel feeding mode in which more fuel is fed during a compression stroke than during an intake stroke if the engine body has a temperature equal to or below a predetermined temperature, and selects a second fuel feeding mode in which more fuel is fed during the intake stroke than during the compression stroke if the temperature of the engine body is higher than the predetermined temperature. Immediately after a switch from the first fuel feeding mode to the second fuel feeding mode as the temperature of the engine body rises, the controller sets a correction factor for making an augmenting correction to a fuel amount to be greater than that before the switch.

Abstract: The present invention is to reduce the flow rate of pressure oil discharged from a main pump and returned to a tank when specific work is executed with an operation amount of an operating device being made small in the state in which an engine is kept at an idling speed. According to the present invention, there is provided a main controller (20) which is capable of controlling the speed of an engine (11) to a normal work speed at which a work implement such as a boom (4) can perform normal work and which controls the speed of the engine (11) to an idling speed serving as a speed lower than the normal work speed when an operating device has returned from an operating position to a neutral position.

Abstract: Disclosed are a vehicle power generation control method and an apparatus thereof, wherein, when conditions: a gear is in a target gear state, the gear is in a locked state, a handbrake is in a parking state, opening of an accelerator is in a zero state, an emergency stop switch is in a state of sending a signal, and a temperature of a generator is in a state of a working temperature are established at the same time, the vehicle awaits orders to switch to the power generation mode, otherwise a warning signal is sent. After the vehicle enters into the power generation mode to make the generator generate power to supply power, when the conditions aforementioned are established at the same time, the power generation action is continuously performed, and electricity is cut off from the vehicle when any one of the conditions is not established.

Abstract: In a method for identifying a fuel type or a fuel mixture for a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine having (i) a first intake opening connected to a first intake manifold inside which a first fuel injector is located, and (ii) a second intake opening connected to a second intake manifold inside which a second fuel injector is located, in a first method step, the first fuel injector remains closed, and in a second method step the first fuel injector is opened again and a first test fuel quantity is injected into the combustion chamber in the second method step via the first intake opening, and a second test fuel quantity is injected via the second intake opening, the first test fuel quantity and the second test fuel quantity being made up to form a predefined fuel quantity.

Abstract: Based on an internal EGR ratio and desired external and internal EGR ratios, an EGR valve opening degree is feedback-controlled based on a desired EGR ratio, calculated in such a way as to perform correction so that a total EGR ratio becomes constant, and an EGR effective opening area obtained through learning of the relationship between an EGR valve opening degree and an effective opening area; thus, a correct characteristic of EGR valve opening degree vs. effective opening area can be maintained and hence it is made possible to absorb variations, changes with time, and even environmental conditions, while making an EGR valve and an intake/exhaust VVT collaborate with each other; therefore, an EGR flow rate can accurately be estimated.

Abstract: Various methods and systems are provided for controlling exhaust gas recirculation in an engine. One embodiment for a system comprises an engine having first and second cylinder groups, and an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) passage coupled between the first cylinder group and an intake manifold of the engine, flow of EGR through the EGR passage controlled by one or more EGR exhaust valves, and a controller configured to maintain a target intake gas concentration by adjusting the one or more EGR exhaust valves and adjusting fuel injection amounts to the first cylinder group differently than the second cylinder group.

Abstract: A method involves receiving a plurality of engine parameters and a sensed ambient operating condition during operation of an engine and determining a current substitution rate based on the plurality of engine parameter. The method also involves determining at least one of a pre-combustion temperature and an end gas temperature based on the plurality of engine parameters and the sensed ambient operating condition and determining a maximum substitution rate based on at least one of the pre-combustion temperature and the end gas temperature. The method further involves comparing the current substitution rate with the maximum substitution rate and controlling at least one engine parameter among the plurality of engine parameters if the current substitution rate is different from the maximum substitution rate so as to generate the current substitution rate to less than or equal to the maximum substitution rate.

Abstract: Various methods and systems are provided for diagnosing a condition of a cylinder of an engine. In one example, a method includes adjusting recirculated exhaust gas responsive to a determined emission value and indicating insufficient combustion of one or more engine cylinders based on an amount by which the recirculated exhaust gas is adjusted.

Abstract: A method for determining an air mass air in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine is disclosed. A first filling equivalent is determined during a compression phase of the cylinder, wherein the first filling equivalent corresponds to a first average pressure difference in a first angle range of a crank angle in the compression phase. A second filling equivalent is determined during an expansion phase of the cylinder, wherein the second filling equivalent corresponds to a second average pressure difference in a second angle range of the crank angle of the expansion phase. A differential filling equivalent is calculated by subtracting the first filling equivalent from the second filling equivalent. The air mass in the cylinder is determined based on the differential filling equivalent.

Abstract: A method for adapting an injection quantity in an injection system of an internal combustion engine of a mild-hybrid motor vehicle or motor vehicle having a starter-generator or integrated starter-generator is disclosed. In an operating phase in which the e-machine of the motor vehicle drives the internal combustion engine, at least one small-quantity test injection is performed into a cylinder of the internal combustion engine. The associated injection quantity is determined based on a resulting torque. Corresponding correction variables for the adaptation of the injection quantity are determined therefrom. The method may eliminate the need to perform test injections during overrun phases of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A method for operating a hybrid powertrain includes effecting a first mixture in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine while the internal combustion engine operates at a first predetermined load, the first mixture being lean of stoichiometric and being substantially homogeneous throughout the combustion chamber at a first start of combustion time; effecting a second mixture in the combustion chamber while the internal combustion engine operates at a second predetermined load, the second mixture being lean of stoichiometric and being substantially homogeneous throughout the combustion chamber at a second start of combustion time; and effecting a third mixture in the combustion chamber while the internal combustion engine transitions from the first predetermined load to the second predetermined load, the third mixture including a fuel-rich region being rich of stoichiometric at a third start of combustion time.

Abstract: An electronic control unit provided in an internal combustion engine detects a degree of inter-cylinder variation of the amount of fuel that is injected from a port injector, and a degree of inter-cylinder variation of the amount of fuel that is injected from an in-cylinder injector. In a case where the inter-cylinder variation of one of the port injector and the in-cylinder injector is equal to or greater than a predefined value, a process is executed of limiting, so as not to exceed an upper limit value, an injection proportion of the injector for which the inter-cylinder variation is equal to or greater than the predefined value. This upper limit value is set to be smaller as the degree of inter-cylinder variation of the injector, for which the inter-cylinder variation is equal to or greater than a predefined value, increases.

Abstract: In one configuration, the present disclosure provides a cylinder including a first housing, a second housing, and an insert. The first housing includes a first body portion and a first collar portion. The first body portion has a first inner diameter, and the first collar portion has a second inner diameter that is greater than the first inner diameter. The second housing includes a second body portion and a second collar portion. The second body portion has a third inner diameter and the second collar portion has a fourth inner diameter that is greater than the third inner diameter. The second housing is coupled to the first housing such that the first and second collared portions cooperate to form an annular channel. The insert is disposed within the annular channel formed by the first and second collared portions.

Abstract: A piston, such as a cooling channel piston, for an internal combustion engine, including at least one lower part and one upper part, a combustion chamber and at least one annular groove. The upper part or the lower part is fastened by means of at least one undercut on the lower part or on the upper part. The upper part includes at least one combustion chamber and at least one annular groove. A method for producing such a piston is disclosed.