Abstract: An illumination device comprises a support plate 22 having a front surface 22a and a back surface 22b facing each other in a plate thickness direction and an opening 22d passing through in the plate thickness direction; a light source module 23 placed on the front surface of the support plate; a drive circuit portion 33 for driving the light source module; and a connector 27 connecting the drive circuit portion to the light source module. The connector is inserted through the opening of the support plate and brought into contact with the back surface of the support plate.

Abstract: A process of producing electrically conductive pathways within additively manufactured parts and similar parts made by plastic extrusion nozzles. The process allows for a three-dimensional part having both conductive and non-conductive portions and allows for such parts to be manufactured in a single production step.

Abstract: A device for producing a crimp connection includes a mobile supply unit that can be connected with a crimping press station for storing and supplying crimp contacts to the crimping press station. The mobile supply unit has two supply rolls with crimp contacts that can be attached laterally to the mobile supply unit. Each supply roll is assigned to a respective coupling device by which the supply unit can be connected in two docking locations with the crimping press station.

Abstract: A copper sheet is adjusted to have arithmetic mean roughness Ra of from 0.5 ?m to 4.0 ?m in a direction parallel to a sliding direction upon connection, mean projection-depression interval of from 0.01 mm to 0.3 mm in the direction, skewness of less than 0, and protrusion peak portion height of 1 ?m or less. A Sn surface coating layer group X as a plurality of parallel lines is included, and a Cu—Sn alloy coating layer is adjacent to each side of each Sn coating layer. Maximum height roughness is 10 ?m or less in a direction of part insertion. The sheet is surface-roughened by pressing when stamped, thereby forming depressions as a plurality of parallel lines in its surface. The sheet is then plated with Cu and Sn, followed by reflowing.

Abstract: There is provided a laser chamber housing a pair of discharge electrodes and a gas circulation fun, the laser chamber including: a magnetic bearing configured to support a shaft of the gas circulation fan, with the shaft being in non-contact with the magnetic bearing; and a touchdown bearing configured to operate as a bearing when the magnetic bearing is uncontrollable, the touchdown bearing being provided with solid lubricant configured of one or more of an Au plating layer, a Ni-containing plating layer, and a Cu plating layer.

Abstract: A method for designing an optical component for shaping laser light according to one embodiment of this invention measures the intensity distribution of an incident laser light, obtains the shapes in the short and long axial directions of a pair of aspheric lenses for each of the short and long axial directions of the incident laser light from the measured intensity distribution of the incident laser light and a desired intensity distribution, performs approximation of a high-order polynomial of the shapes in the short and long axial directions of the pair of aspheric lenses, corrects the high-order polynomials for the short or long axial directions using a correction factor, and obtains the shapes of the pair of aspheric lenses on the basis of the corrected high-order polynomials.

Abstract: Spatial mode conversion modules are described, with the capability of efficiently transforming a given optical beam profile, at one plane in space into another well-defined optical beam profile at a different plane in space, whose detailed spatial features and symmetry properties can, in general, differ significantly. The modules are comprised of passive, high-efficiency, low-loss diffractive optical elements, combined with Fourier transform optics. Design rules are described that employ phase retrieval techniques and associated algorithms to determine the necessary profiles of the diffractive optical components. System augmentations are described that utilize real-time adaptive optical techniques for enhanced performance as well as power scaling.

Abstract: A method for preventing spatial or spectral beam seeding in a Q-switched laser is described. The Q-switch trigger of the laser is delayed by several laser resonator lifetimes after the end of the pump pulse. In this way, beam seeding is completely eliminated whilst pre-lase is maintained. The method described may be used for any laser system where the fall time of the pump radiation is sufficiently fast with respect to the upper state lifetime of the laser medium.

Abstract: A current Ii supplied to a pumping light source 20 is detected and time-averaged with a predetermined time constant to calculate a time-averaged current Iav. An optical output power Pi outputted from an amplifying optical fiber 12 is detected and time-averaged with the predetermined time constant to calculate a time-averaged optical output power Pav. A reference optical output power Pr and a reference current Ir supplied to the pumping light source 20 when the reference optical output power Pr is outputted from an optical fiber laser apparatus 1 are used to calculate an optical output power expectation value Pex=Iav×Pr/Ir. The time-averaged optical output power Pav and the optical output power expectation value Pex are compared with each other to determine a decrease of an optical output power of the optical amplifier apparatus 1 based on the comparison result.

Abstract: The methods and materials described herein contemplate the use films of colloidal quantum dots as a gain medium in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. The present disclosure demonstrates a laser with single-exciton gain in the red, green, and blue wavelengths. Leveraging this nanocomposite gain, the results realize a significant step toward full-color single-material lasers.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser module 1 is mainly composed of a package 3, a semiconductor laser 5, lenses 7, 9, 13, reflecting mirrors 11, an optical fiber 15, and the like. The package 3 is composed of a bottom part and side surfaces 19a, 19b. The side surfaces 19a, 19b stand erect approximately vertical to the bottom part of the package. In the semiconductor laser module 1, a plurality of semiconductor laser installation surfaces 17 are formed in a step-like shape. On each semiconductor laser installation surface 17, a semiconductor laser 5 is installed. A lens 7 is arranged at the anterior (in the emission direction) of the semiconductor laser 5. Moreover, a lens 9 is arranged further to the anterior. A reflecting mirror 11 is fixed to the side surface 19a, which is provided facing the emission direction of the semiconductor laser 5.

Abstract: An optical wavelength sweeping apparatus having a laser diode with an active region, and a coupled pulse generator is disclosed. The pulse generator is configured and operable to provide current drive pulses of relatively short duration and high amplitude to the laser diode to selectively and rapidly heat the active region and the immediate vicinity and produce a rapid wavelength sweep of emitted optical radiation. Methods of driving a laser diode, and measurement systems are disclosed, as are other aspects.

Abstract: A hybrid optical source includes a substrate with an optical amplifier (such as a III-V semiconductor optical amplifier). The substrate is coupled at an angle (such as an angle between 0 and 90°) to a silicon-on-insulator chip. In particular, the substrate may be optically coupled to the silicon-on-insulator chip by an optical coupler (such as a diffraction grating or a mirror) that efficiently couples (i.e., with low optical loss) an optical signal into a sub-micron silicon-on-insulator optical waveguide. Moreover, the silicon-on-insulator optical waveguide optically couples the light to a reflector to complete the hybrid optical source.

Abstract: An optical lasing device includes a gain medium arranged in a lasing cavity having an optical axis, the gain medium providing light amplification; a periodic grid generator filter arranged in the lasing cavity; a channel selector arranged in the lasing cavity and configured to select a lasing mode of the amplified light corresponding to a frequency channel defined by the periodic grid generator filter according to an optimization criterion; and a band-pass filter arranged in the lasing cavity and configured to suppress lasing modes which are outside of a pass-band of the band-pass filter.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes a gain block operable to produce output light at an output wavelength in response to pumping and a resonant grating optically coupled to the gain block and situated to couple the output light at the output wavelength into the gain block and reflect the output light at the output wavelength along an output axis. A method of making a surface emitting laser includes depositing a gain region having one or more quantum wells on a semiconductor substrate, forming a metallic resonant diffraction grating adjacent the gain region, and coupling the gain region and the resonant grating to a thermally conductive substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser includes a layer structure with superimposed layers with at least the following layer structure: an n-doped outer layer, a third wave-guiding layer, an active zone in which light-generating structures are arranged, a second wave-guiding layer, a blocking layer, a first wave-guiding layer, a p-doped outer layer. The first, second and third wave-guiding layers have at least AlxInyGa (1?x?y) N. The blocking layer has an Al content which is at least 2% greater than the Al content of the adjacent first wave-guiding layer. The Al content of the blocking layer increases from the first wave-guiding layer towards the second wave-guiding layer. The layer structure has a double-sided gradation. The double-side gradation is arranged at the height of the blocking layer such that at least one part of the blocking layer or the entire blocking layer is of greater width than the first wave-guiding layer.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a photonic device and fabrication method thereof are described herein. A device may include a substrate, a bottom contact layer, a current confinement layer, an intrinsic layer, an absorption layer, and a top contact layer. The bottom contact layer may be of a first polarity and may be disposed on the substrate. The current confinement layer may be disposed on the bottom contact layer. The intrinsic layer may be disposed on the current confinement layer. The absorption layer may be disposed on the intrinsic layer. The top contact layer may be of a second polarity and may be disposed on the absorption layer. The second polarity is opposite to the first polarity.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising the steps of: growing a stacked semiconductor layer on a substrate, the stacked semiconductor layer including an active layer and a cladding layer; forming a mesa structure by etching the stacked semiconductor layer, the mesa structure extending in a [011] direction; and forming a buried layer of Fe-doped InP on the side surface of the mesa structure in a reactor of an organo-metallic vapor phase epitaxy apparatus while supplying a hydrogen chloride gas into the reactor. In the step of forming the buried layer, the hydrogen chloride gas is supplied from the beginning of forming the buried layer. The buried layer has a first region and a second region. The first region has a front surface of a (311)B plane. The second region is formed on the front surface. The Fe concentration of the first region is higher than that of the second region.

Abstract: A spark plug having an insulator with a through hole formed therein in a direction of an axis, a center electrode disposed in a front side of the through hole, a metal terminal disposed in a rear side of the through hole, an electrical connection part arranged in the through hole to establish electrical connection between the center electrode and the metal terminal and a metal shell holding therein the insulator. The electrical connection part has a conductor including a conductive material and at least one kind of Fe-containing oxide material. The Fe-containing oxide material contains at least FeO. The conductor satisfies a relationship of 0.06?S1/(S1+S2)?0.46 where, in a cross section taken along the axis, S1 is an area occupied by the conductive material and S2 is an area occupied by the Fe-containing oxide material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a corona ignition device for igniting fuel in a combustion chamber of an engine by means of a corona discharge, comprising a tubular housing, a coil arranged in the tubular housing, an insulator, which plugs into the tubular housing, and a center electrode, which is connected to the coil, plugs into the insulator and leads to at least one ignition tip. In order to increase the service life of the ignition tip, said ignition tip consists in part or completely of an iridium-based alloy containing 3 to 30% by weight of rhodium or is coated by a burn-up layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a modular data transmission system which is constructed for contactless data transmission by means of electromagnetic waves having a wavelength in the millimeter range. A modular data transmission system according to the invention comprises a mounting rail, a first bus participant and a second bus participant. The first bus participant comprises a transmitting/receiving module. The second bus participant also comprises a transmitting/receiving module. The first bus participant and the second bus participant are releasably secured to the mounting rail so as to be able to be attached to each other, and the transmitting/receiving modules of the first and second bus participants are constructed in order to transmit data by means of electromagnetic waves having a wavelength in the millimeter range. Another modular data transmission system according to the invention comprises a mounting rail and at least a first bus participant.

Abstract: A modular raceway apparatus provides a pre-wired electrical sub-assembly for on-site installation in a building or installation a pre-fabricated building component. The raceway apparatus includes normal power and emergency power tracks. Each power track includes internal wiring connected to one or more connectors for plug-and-play interconnectivity with independent power supplies and other electrical component wiring members. Each raceway track includes multiple track members separated by gaps and a coupling.

Abstract: A cover assembly for a floor box includes a base with a central opening and a cover pivotally connected to the base by a hinge member. The hinge member has a hinge body with a first end pivotally connected to the base for pivoting with respect to the base and second end pivotally connected to the cover for pivoting with respect to the cover. A tab extends from the second end of the hinge body to contact a bottom surface of the cover to limit pivoting movement of the cover with respect to the hinge body. A slide surface is provided on the base that contacts an end of the cover during pivoting movement of the cover to prevent wear on a gasket with the opening of the base.

Abstract: An electrical penetration arrangement through the wall of a containment structure, comprising a pipe penetration having a pipe which is disposed in the wall of a containment structure, penetrating the wall, so that a first opening of the pipe is disposed outside of the containment structure, and a second opening is disposed inside the structure. Power feedthroughs are disposed in the pipe penetration having conductors sealed along their axial direction by a hermetically sealing, electrically insulating material, in which cables coming from outside can be connected to first conductor ends, and cables coming from inside the containment structure can be connected to second conductor ends. Power feedthroughs are fastened in the pipe of the pipe penetration and sealed by hermetically sealing material, so that the power feedthroughs form a hermetically sealing barrier, and the first conductor ends are disposed in the interior of the pipe.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a busbar adapter having a lower deck and an upper deck that can be interconnected releasably. The deck elements comprise projections and openings that can be brought into engagement with each other, the busbar adapter further comprises a locking device.

Abstract: A grounding system in which can be adapted for both horizontal or vertical configurations. The system can directly attach to a structure or can create an alternative grounding path depending on the components chosen. Additionally, various mounting clamps can be utilized depending on the structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrical distribution board. The electrical distribution board comprises at least one incoming conductor terminal, at least one outgoing conductor terminal, at least one longitudinal bus conductor connected to the at least one incoming conductor terminal, at least one lateral conductor tab connected to the at least one bus conductor for distributing electrical power from the at least one bus conductor to the at least one outgoing conductor terminal, and at least one isolation mechanism for electrically isolating the at least one outgoing conductor terminal from the at least one lateral conductor tab. The at least one isolation mechanism is moveable between a first position in which the at least one outgoing conductor terminal is electrically isolated from the at least one lateral conductor tab and a second position in which the at least one outgoing conductor terminal is electrically connected to the at least one lateral conductor tab.

Abstract: A protection case for protecting an electronic device includes a cover body shaped to receive and hold to the electronic device. A cable winding apparatus is arranged adjacent the cover body and includes a wheel rotatably arranged adjacent the cover body, and a pivot protruding from a center of the wheel and configured to wind a cable of an earphone. A through hole is arranged on a side wall of the pivot and configured to permit a first end of the earphone, which connects to a jack, to pass through.

Abstract: The invention relates to Modular multilevel converter valve protection method, the modular multilevel converter valve consists of 6 arms, the arm includes sub modules, 1 arm is controlled by 1 control host, 6 control hosts is controlled by 1 summary control host, the method of the invention includes that the arm realizes locking sub module, bypass sub module, trip requests and system switching request and the summary control host implements summary and control response. The invention improves the reliability of two protection system through the use of dual redundancy protection method, clears the protection division through the layered protection frame of the upper summary control host and multi arm control host. And finally, it improves the whole safety and reliability of the modular multilevel converter valve.

Abstract: A current limiter (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) comprises a switch (110) and connection means (105, 125) to a load and to a DC-voltage source. A control component (115) measures the current from a load to a DC-voltage source to the switch and controls the switch (110) to an open position if the current is above a threshold. In the closed position, the switch (110) admits current from the load to the DC-voltage source. The current limiter also comprises a transmission line (120) with a first (121) and a second (122) end. The first end (121) is connected to the input port of the switch (110), and the second end (122) is left open or connected to make the transmission line (120) connected in series with the switch (110).

Abstract: A low fault current isolation arrangement senses a loss of voltage and automatically isolates and de-energizes a down live primary wire if overcurrent protection devices have not cleared the high impedance fault in an electric power distribution network. Incorporating an operator selectable time delay response, the low fault current isolation arrangement permits overcurrent protection devices to attempt to detect and shut down the affected conductor, and then isolates and shuts down the low current fault if the overcurrent devices are not successful. The isolation arrangement continuously monitors AC voltage as remotely provided by smart meters even after a fault location is de-energized, and serves as a back up, and not as a replacement, for existing overcurrent protection schemes. A host computer operates in conjunction with plural smart meters each coupled to an associated customer distribution transformer in conjunction with the fault isolator to detect and shut down high impedance faults.

Abstract: A disclosed battery protecting circuit for protecting a secondary battery including at least first and second cells connected in series includes a first terminal connected on a high potential side of the first cell; a second terminal connected on a low potential side of the first cell and a high potential side of the second cell; a third terminal connected on a low potential side of the second cell; a charge abnormality detecting circuit detecting abnormality of the charged state of the secondary battery; a shifting circuit shifting electric potential of the second terminal on a side of the first terminal or a third terminal when a disconnection occurs between the secondary battery and the second terminal; a disconnection detecting circuit detecting the disconnection based on the electric potential of the second terminal; and a latching circuit retaining a result detected by the disconnection detecting circuit.

Abstract: Provided is an ESD protection device having excellent discharge characteristics at a low applied voltage. An ESD protection device includes a first discharge electrode and a second discharge electrode that are disposed so as to face each other, a discharge auxiliary electrode formed so as to span between the first discharge electrode and the second discharge electrode, and an insulator base that holds the first discharge electrode, the second discharge electrode, and the discharge auxiliary electrode. The discharge auxiliary electrode includes a plurality of metal particles (22) containing a first metal as a main component. Fine irregularities are formed on the surfaces of the metal particles (22). More specifically, the metal particles (22) has a fractal dimension D of 1.03 or more. Since electric charges are concentrated on the fine irregularities, discharge can be generated in the discharge auxiliary electrode by applying a relatively low voltage.

Abstract: Disclosed are devices and methods related to a CMOS switch for radio-frequency (RF) applications. In some embodiments, the switch can be configured to include a resistive body-floating circuit to provide improved power handling capability. The switch can further include an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit disposed relative to the switch to provide ESD protection for the switch. Such a switch can be implemented for different switching applications in wireless devices such as cell phones, including band-selection switching and transmit/receive switching.

Abstract: A method of optimizing power loads of a power strip is disclosed. The power strip includes single or three phase power input, a plurality of circuit breakers, and a plurality of outlets, with at least one circuit breaker being associated with at least one outlet. The method includes: obtaining real-time current measurements for each phase of the single or three phase power input of the power strip; obtaining real-time current measurements for each circuit breaker of the plurality of circuit breakers of the power strip; logging the real-time current measurements for each phase of the single or three phase power input and for each circuit breaker of the plurality of circuit breakers; and analyzing the real-time current measurements of the single or three phase power input and the plurality of circuit breakers to determine a preferential order of outlets in which to apply a new load.

Abstract: Systems and methods for power balancing in power distribution networks are disclosed herein. According to an aspect, a method may be implemented at a power manager in a power distribution network including multiple computing devices. The method may include receiving vital product data associated with the computing devices. The method may also include predicting, based on the vital product data, occurrences of unbalanced power in the power distribution system upon distribution of power to the computing devices. Further, the method may include controlling application of power to the computing devices, prior to distributing power in the power distribution system, based on the predicted occurrences such that power distribution to the power distribution system is substantially balanced.

Abstract: A photovoltaic power plant includes solar cells and inverters that convert direct current generated by the solar cells to alternating current. The reactive powers generated by the inverters are based on a reactive power generated by a virtual inverter. The virtual inverter has an equivalent impedance representing the impedances of the inverters in the photovoltaic power plant. The reactive power setpoints of the inverters may be received from a local interpreter. The local interpreter may generate the reactive power setpoints from a global reactive power setpoint generated by a grid controller.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photovoltaic module. A photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a solar cell module, a micro-inverter to convert DC power generated by the solar cell module into AC power, a controller to control the micro-inverter's operation, and an interface unit connected to power grid supplying external electrical power and to provide the AC power to the power grid, the controller to control operation of the micro-inverter such that the AC power is matched to the external electrical power flowing into the power grid. The photovoltaic module according to the present invention can provide electrical power generated at solar cell modules through a simple connection to power grid which supplies electrical power to home, reducing consumption of electrical power flowing into home.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for distributed resource scheduling performed by an advanced resource scheduling (ARS) module implemented on a distributed grid management (DGM) server in a power system. The ARS module is configured to automatically generate a resource schedule for controllable distributed energy resources (e.g., resources that are remotely controllable by DGM server and ARS module) in a distribution network of the power system, such as power generation resources and energy storage resources, to provide power in a cost-effective (e.g., optimal) manner. The ARS module is configured to take into account the operating limits of the distributed energy resources (DERs), the cost curves of the DERs, the system load demand, and other operating constraints to determine the most economical operating plan for the DERs, using an optimization technique such as the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm.

Abstract: The present subject matter is directed to an adaptive load circuit for use with traffic light control systems so as to permit operation using low current consumption lamps where the traffic light control systems were originally manufactured for operation with higher current consuming lamps. The adaptive load circuit provides a mechanism whereby an existing traffic light control system is fooled into accepting use of a low current consuming lamp by creating a specifically timed signal during an interval that the traffic light control system normally checks to determined lamp load characteristics.

Abstract: A multiple UPS system has a plurality of UPS subsystems with a separate UPS data communications bus coupling a controller of each UPS subsystem to an associated controller of an associated tie cabinet. The multiple UPS system further includes a data communications tie bus that couples the controllers of the tie cabinets to each other. The controllers of the tie cabinets arbitrate power line based coordinating signals between the UPS buses without the use of auxiliary signals.

Abstract: A method and system supply pulsed power. The system includes an inertial energy storage device configured to store inertial energy and an electrochemical energy storage system configured to store electrochemical energy. The system includes a bidirectional energy transfer system. The energy transfer system is configured to receive energy from an energy source. The energy transfer system is configured to transfer at least a portion of the received source energy to the inertial energy storage device. The energy transfer system is configured to transfer at least a portion of the received energy in the inertial energy storage device to the electrochemical energy storage system while controlling a rate at which energy is transferred to the electrochemical energy storage system based on a prescribed charging rate associated with the electrochemical energy storage system. Additionally, the energy transfer system is configured to supply power to one or more loads using the stored energy.

Abstract: A power converter and a method of operating the same is described, for use in a power conversion system that is capable of receiving power from various sources, including renewable sources, for delivering power to a load. Power type detection circuitry is provided for identifying the type of power source at the input of each power detector, based on attributes of the time-varying power received. The power converter is constructed of a boost stage followed by a galvanically isolated DC-DC converter stage. If a renewable input power source is detected, the boost stage is controlled to operate at a maximum power point, and the DC-DC converter stage is operated in an open loop manner when load exceeds available power at input. The load falls below available input power, the boost stage is controlled to regulate its output voltage and DC-DC converter stage is also placed under closed loop control.

Abstract: The present invention belongs to the field of utilization of distributed power generations and smart power management and, relates to an electric power router with multiple power supply modes; it includes a control unit, a communication module, a bidirectional alternate/direct current converter, a switch array, a direct current power line, two alternate current power lines, a power line measuring module, and router ports; wherein, the router ports include a plurality of power source ports and load ports; the switch array includes a single throw switch for grid connection and a plurality of double throw switches, all of which are controlled by the control unit; the direct current power source ports of the router ports are connected to the direct current power line, the direct current power line is connected to the second alternate current power line through the bidirectional alternate/direct current converter; the alternate current power source ports and load ports are connected through two alternate current p

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods are provided for driving an input conductor with a signal comprising a series of voltage pulses. The pulses can beneficially invoke the skin effect to generate a time-varying magnetic vector potential that projects radially from a surface of the input conductor. The time-varying magnetic vector potential can provide an electric field for inducing output voltage pulses in an output circuit. The input conductor and output circuit can have various configurations. For example, the input conductor can extend along a plane, and the output circuit can at least partially reside in the plane and extend away from the input conductor in the plane. Such a geometry can reduce any back coupling between the two circuits, e.g., between electromagnetic fields caused by any current in the two circuits. Such a geometry would not normally allow for induction between the two circuits, which can reduce any Lenz effects.

Abstract: A system and method for storing, charging and monitoring one or more handheld electronic devices. A cabinet structure is provided that defines compartments. The cabinet structure supports a power supply, a controller, an interface, a camera, and alarms. Cables lead from each of the compartments to the power supply. The cables are terminated in the compartments with a variety of connector heads. The system is operated by a user utilizing an interface and a systems controller. When a user places a handheld electronic device in a compartment and connects that device to the appropriate connector head, a power connection is made. Furthermore, the controller assigns a unique access code to that connection. Should a person undue the connection without first entering the proper access code into said interface, then the camera and alarms are activated.

Abstract: In a charging control device, a determining unit individually determines whether a charging path and a vehicle are in a connected state or non-connected state based on a current value detected by a current detecting means. The state of connection with the vehicle is detected not by an exclusive sensor as it is done in the prior art but by using a current detection result by the current detecting means. Hence the cost for detecting the state of connection with the vehicle can be reduced.

Abstract: Described is an energy share pack comprising a housing, at least one energy storage component within the housing, at least one energy conversion component within the housing, and a connection point for connecting to more than one of energy users, energy sources and other energy share packs simultaneously for sharing energy. The energy share pack may have an energy generation component for generating harvestable energy, and two or more ports of any combination of the following types: bidirectional power port, bidirectional USB port, unidirectional output power port, and unidirectional input power port. The share pack ports may operate simultaneously at different voltage levels, and at least one port may be bi-directional. Furthermore, the share packs may have an integrated display for providing information on the energy share pack in which the display is integrated and information about other energy share packs connected thereto.

Abstract: A system for charging at least one energy reservoir cell in a controllable energy reservoir serving to control/supply electrical energy to an n-phase electrical machine (n?2). The controllable energy reservoir has n parallel energy supply branches each having at least two series connected energy reservoir modules, each encompassing at least one electrical energy reservoir cell having an associated controllable coupling unit, are connected to a reference bus, and are connected to a respective phase of the machine. As a function of control signals, the coupling units interrupt the respective energy supply branch or bypass the associated reservoir cells or switch the associated reservoir cells into the respective energy supply branch. To charge at least one cell, at least two phases of the machine are connectable via at least one respective free-wheeling diode to a negative pole of a charging device. The reference bus is connectable to the negative pole of the device.

Abstract: A contactless power supply system contactlessly transmits electric power from a power transmitting device to a vehicle. The vehicle includes: a power receiving unit that contactlessly receives electric power from the power transmitting device; an electrical storage device that stores electric power received by the power receiving unit; and an impedance adjustment unit that includes a DC/DC converter and a relay and that is used to adjust an impedance between the power receiving unit and the electrical storage device. A vehicle ECU switches between a power supply path of which the impedance is adjusted by the DC/DC converter and a power supply path that does not use the DC/DC converter on the basis of a state of charge of the electrical storage device.