Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electronic apparatus includes a light reflection member including a light-reflecting surface on at least one surface, and including a first through-hole penetrating from the one surface to another surface, a luminous body provided on the one surface of the light reflection member, and including a light-emitting element, and a support member provided on a side of the other surface of the light reflection member, and including a second through-hole penetrating a surface facing the light reflection member and a surface opposite to the surface. Further, the first and second through-holes are provided to correspond to a position at which the light-emitting element is provided.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display module includes a liquid crystal panel and a backlight source; the liquid crystal panel includes an array substrate, the backlight source includes a plurality of scattering lenses, a plurality of optical pipes, and a light source; one side of each scattering lens is provided with a scatter surface, an end of each scattering lens away from the scatter surface is connected to an end of an optical pipe, the other end of the optical pipe is connected to the light source, and the scattering lens is used to scatter light passing through the optical pipe. A display device including the liquid crystal display module is further disclosed. The liquid crystal display module can improve the utilization ratio of light and reduce the power consumption.

Abstract: A backlight unit includes an anisotropic sheet disposed between a rectangular display panel portion and a light source disposed directly behind the rectangular display panel portion. The anisotropic sheet is a sheet to transmit and diffuse an emitted light of the light source toward the rectangular display panel portion, and has a structure that makes the emitted light more widely diffuse in a direction along a long side of a display surface of the rectangular display panel portion than in a direction along a short side of the display surface of the rectangular display panel portion. The long side and the short side of the display surface are different lengths.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display, including: a flexible substrate; a plurality of pixel electrodes formed on the substrate; a liquid crystal layer filled in a microcavity formed on the pixel electrode; a roof layer covering the microcavity; an overcoat sealing the microcavity; a flexible polarizer formed on the overcoat; and a color conversion layer formed on the polarizer, wherein the color conversion layer includes a plurality of color conversion media layers formed at a position corresponding to the microcavity, and upper light blocking members formed between the color conversion media layers to partition the color conversion media layers. The liquid crystal display has good color reproducibility and flexibility by forming the flexible wire grid polarizer and the color conversion media (CCM) on the surface of the liquid crystal display manufactured with one substrate.

Abstract: A curved liquid crystal display includes: a first substrate; a second substrate facing the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate and including liquid crystal molecules; a first alignment layer between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer; and a second alignment layer between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer. The first alignment layer and the second alignment layer respectively include a polymer having at least one main chain and a plurality of side chains connected to the main chain, and at least one of the polymer of the first alignment layer and the polymer of the second alignment layer includes at least one side chain including at least one of a photo-reactor and a photo-reactor derivative.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a first insulation substrate; a second insulation substrate facing the first insulation substrate; a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first insulation substrate and the second insulation substrate; a pixel electrode disposed on the first insulation substrate; a first alignment layer disposed on the pixel electrode; a cross-linking portion, the cross-linking portion being a portion where separation type of reactive mesogens disposed in a surface of the first alignment layer are coupled with one another; a common electrode disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the second insulation substrate; and a second alignment layer disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the common electrode; and wherein liquid crystal molecules disposed to be adjacent to the first alignment layer and liquid crystal molecules disposed to be adjacent to the second alignment layer have different pre-tilt angles, and wherein at least one of the separation type of reactive mesogens is

Abstract: A display panel comprises a first electrode on the first substrate and a first alignment layer on the first electrode. The first alignment layer is disposed on the first electrode and comprises a first alignment area and a second alignment area. An alignment direction of the first alignment area is opposite to an alignment direction of the second alignment area. The first electrode is disposed in the first alignment area and comprises a first trunk electrode and at least two first branch electrodes respectively connected to two sides of the first trunk electrode. At least one of the first branch electrodes comprises a first distal end and a first connection end connected to the first trunk electrode. An included angle between the extending direction from the first distal end to the first connection end and the alignment direction of the first alignment area is between 50° and 80°.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a display motherboard including a first substrate, a second substrate, and a number of liquid crystal molecules set between the first and second substrates. Each of the first and second substrates includes a display area and a non-displaying area. The liquid crystal molecules are sealed between the first and second substrates by a number of sealants. An electrode is set on the displaying area of the first and second substrates. The non-displaying area of at least one of the first and second substrates includes an effective part adjacent to the displaying area, a cutting part located at a peripheral of the effective part, a controlling circuit for controlling a voltage applied to the electrode, a number of connecting terminals of the controlling circuit set on the cutting part, and an insulating pattern corresponding to the controlling circuit. The insulating pattern is not set on the connecting terminals.

Abstract: A layer of liquid crystal material may be interposed between display layers. The display layers may include thin-film transistor circuitry having subpixel electrodes for applying electric fields to subpixel portions of the layer of liquid crystal material. Subpixels of different colors may have different shapes and may have different liquid crystal layer thicknesses. These subpixel differences may be configured to slow the switching speed of subpixels of a certain color relative to other subpixels to reduce color motion blur when an object is moved across a black or colored background. The subpixels may have chevron shapes. Subpixels of a first color may have chevron shapes that are less bent than subpixels of second and third colors. In configurations with varying liquid crystal layer thicknesses, the subpixels of the first color may have thicker liquid crystal layers than the subpixels of the second and third colors.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate, a gate line disposed on the first substrate and extending parallel to a major horizontal reference line of the display, and a plurality of pixel unit cells disposed on and tesslating a display area of the first substrate where each unit cell includes a first field generating electrode and a second field generating electrode with an insulating layer interposed therebetween, wherein a first one of the first and second field generating electrodes has a plurality of cutouts defined therein for producing corresponding liquid crystal domains, the plurality of cutouts each including a first inclined edge portion forming a first angle with the vertical reference line and a second inclined edge portion forming a second angle with the vertical reference line that is different from the first angle, wherein a ratio of a length of the first inclined edge portion to a length of the cutout is about 80% or more, and the density of the plurality of pixels is about 200 PPI o

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is provided, which includes a thin film transistor including an oxide semiconductor layer, a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer having an opening, a light-transmitting chromatic-color resin layer between the thin film transistor and the second electrode layer, and a liquid crystal layer. One of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer is a pixel electrode layer which is electrically connected to the thin film transistor, and the other of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer is a common electrode layer. The light-transmitting chromatic-color resin layer is overlapped with the pixel electrode layer and the oxide semiconductor layer of the thin film transistor.

Abstract: A layer of liquid crystal material may be interposed between display layers. The display layers may include thin-film transistor circuitry having subpixel electrodes for applying electric fields to subpixel portions of the layer of liquid crystal material. Subpixels of different colors may have different shapes and may have different liquid crystal layer thicknesses. These subpixel differences may be configured to slow the switching speed of subpixels of a certain color relative to other subpixels to reduce color motion blur when an object is moved across a black or colored background. The subpixels may have chevron shapes. Subpixels of a first color may have chevron shapes that are less bent than subpixels of second and third colors. In configurations with varying liquid crystal layer thicknesses, the subpixels of the first color may have thicker liquid crystal layers than the subpixels of the second and third colors.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a first color film of a first color and a second color film of a second color, wherein the irradiator comprises a first light source of a third color and a second light source of a fourth color, the first color and the second color have a complementary color relationship, lightness of the first color is greater than lightness of the second color, a first total displayable area of the first color film is larger than a second total displayable area of the second color film, and the irradiator is configured to radiate light of the first light source and the second light source in a switching manner by time division.

Abstract: An electrostatic discharge protection chip is provided. The electrostatic discharge protection chip includes an electrostatic discharge module for discharging abnormal static electricity on the driver chip, and at least one detection module for detecting an equivalent resistor of the electrostatic discharge module in the driving circuit to determine whether the electrostatic discharge module is abnormal. The technical problems of the undetectable abnormal condition of the electrostatic discharge module, low functional efficiency, and high production cost are resolved.

Abstract: A first semiconductor layer is formed in the shape of an island in an active area displaying images on an array substrate. A second semiconductor layer is formed in the shape of an island outside the active area. A first insulating film covers the first and second semiconductor layers. A gate line is formed on the first insulating film and extends in a first direction. The gate line includes a gate electrode crossing the first semiconductor layer and a crossing portion crossing the second semiconductor layer. A second insulating film covers the gate line. A source line is formed on the second insulating film and extends in a second direction. The source line includes a source electrode contacting with the first semiconductor layer. A drain electrode is formed on the second insulating film apart from the source line and contacting with the first semiconductor layer.

Abstract: According to the display panel, when a disconnection occurs in a first auxiliary capacitor wiring at a location outside from the outermost wiring among the plurality of second auxiliary capacitor wirings of an active area, the first auxiliary capacitor wiring and an auxiliary capacitor spare wiring are short-circuited at an overlapped portion A, and the auxiliary capacitor spare wiring and a normal first auxiliary capacitor wiring are short-circuited at an overlapped portion B, such that a path is formed through which a signal is transmitted by bypassing the location of the disconnection.

Abstract: A display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept includes: a substrate; a data line and a thin film transistor disposed on the substrate; a common electrode and a pixel electrode disposed on the thin film transistor and overlapping each other by interposing an insulating layer therebetween; a roof layer formed to be separated from the pixel electrode and the common electrode while interposing a microcavity therebetween and having an injection hole partially exposing the microcavity; a liquid crystal layer filling the microcavity; an overcoat formed on the roof layer to cover the injection hole and sealing the microcavity. The pixel electrode includes an auxiliary electrode that is formed on the data line, the auxiliary electrode overlapping and being insulated from the data line.

Abstract: In accordance with a version of the invention, graphene with a ferroelectric material is used as the transparent electrode material in an electrochromic device. The use of curved and dynamically flexing substrates enables flexible and stretchable applications for electrochromic films. Furthermore, the nonreactive and impermeable nature of graphene increases the durability of the device through increased resistance to external impurities. In addition, the incorporation of ferroelectric materials allows the device to exhibit nonvolatile usage; that is, devices can remain transparent with no external power source. Furthermore, devices may exhibit a charging effect, permitting recovery of energy stored in alignment of ferroelectric dipoles within the ferroelectric material.

Abstract: Electro-optic, especially electrophoretic, displays are used in variety of architectural and furniture applications, including a tile (100) comprising an electro-optic layer (110) capable of changing the color of the file, front and multiple rear electrodes and a light-transmissive polymeric layer (102), the exposed surface of which is textured to provide a plurality of facets inclined to the plane of the tile (100), the rear electrodes being aligned with the facets. A variable color writable board is also provided.

Abstract: An acousto-optic crystal optical waveguide is applicable to an acoustic wave sensor for sensing acoustic wave, wherein the acousto-optic crystal optical waveguide includes an acousto-optic crystal core and an inner cladding layer covering the acousto-optic crystal core. The acoustic wave is able to change the refraction index of the acousto-optical crystal optical waveguide to make a light beam with specific wavelength refracting to outside of the acousto-optic crystal waveguide when a light beam transmits through the acousto-optic crystal optical waveguide. Objective of acoustic wave sensing is achieved by detecting wavelength and intensity variation of the light beam transmits through the acousto-optic crystal optical waveguide.

Abstract: An optical device that includes first and second members that is rotatable relative to the first member is provided that includes a coupling unit that is provided for the second member; and a position detecting unit that has a detecting part disposed at the first member and a detected part disposed at the second member, and is configured to detect a position of the second member relative to the first member. When viewed from a direction along a rotation central axis of the second member, an angle between a first axis and a second axis at a position within a rotational range of the second member is 90 degrees. The first axis is an axis that is perpendicular to the rotation central axis and passes through the detecting part and the second axis is an axis that is perpendicular to the rotation central axis and passes through the coupling unit.

Abstract: A device comprising a harness, an arm, and an extendable string. The arm may include a first portion being fixed in relation to the harness and a second portion for supporting of the string. The string may include a first portion and a second portion, the first portion of the string being arranged for fastening of an optical instrument. The device may include an adjustable counter force device, and the second portion of the string may be attached to the adjustable counter force device for providing a counter force on the string. The adjustable counter force device may include a spring, a lever arm, and a support. The counter force exerted by the counter force device on the string may be adjustable.

Abstract: There is disclosed a compact motorized dolly including an elongated casing incorporating a power source and at least one drive motor, a first circular wheel rotably affixed to the distal end of the elongated casing and the at least one drive motor such that actuation of the at least one drive motor causes the first circular wheel to turn, and a device mount secured to the compact motorized dolly such that a device mounted to the device mount moves along with the compact motorized dolly when the drive motor is activated.

Abstract: A camera mountable arm includes a first segment, a second segment, and a third segment. The first segment includes a recess extending substantially along a length of the first segment, and is configured to detachably couple to a camera. The first segment is rotatably coupled to the second segment and the second segment is rotatably coupled to the third segment. The arm is operable in a plurality of positions, including: a folded position, where the first, second, and third segments are aligned to be mutually length-wise parallel such that the second segment is enclosed within the recess along the first segment, and the first and second segments are substantially flush with the third segment; and an outstretched position, where the first and second segments are separated by a first angular displacement and the second and third segments by a second angular displacement.

Abstract: A projecting system is proposed. The projecting system comprises a mini projector with at least one first building block structure, a battery pack with at least one second building block structure, and an application unit with at least one third building block structure. One of the at least one first building block structure is electrically coupled to one of the at least one second building block structure. One of the at least one first building block structure is electrically coupled to one of the at least one third building block structure.

Abstract: A light pattern generator that can be used to form a gobo for use in a projection optical system. A transparent plate is coated with a stack that is absorptive and reflective. The stack is formed to be ablatable in the form of a pattern. The stack can have multiple different layers with multiple different characteristics, all of which are ablated by the laser.

Abstract: A light source apparatus includes a light source, a light source enclosure that accommodates the light source and has a plurality of openings formed therein in a circumferential direction around an optical axis of the light source, a channel having an introduction port through which air is introduced from outside of the light source enclosure, the channel allowed to communicate with the plurality of openings, and an opening/closing mechanism that rotates around the optical axis to selectively open and close the plurality of openings, and the opening/closing mechanism has an opening/closing section that opens and closes the plurality of openings in a first posture in which the optical axis extends along a horizontal plane in such a way that upper openings located on a vertically upper side are open and at least part of lower openings located on a vertically lower side is closed.

Abstract: A light source apparatus includes a first reflection element for receiving a first light beam from the first light source unit, a second reflection element for receiving a second light beam from the second light source unit, and third and fourth reflection elements. The third reflection element has a first curved section on which the first light beam reflected by the first reflection element is incident, and the fourth reflection element has a second curved section on which the second light beam reflected by the second reflection element is incident. The first curved section has a first optical axis that is located outside the third reflection element and shifted away from the third reflection element toward the fourth reflection element. The first light beam reflected by the first curved section is roughly parallel to the second light beam reflected by the second curved section.

Abstract: Disclosed are a display screen film and a preparation method therefor, and an energy saving method. The display screen film comprises an oriented carbon nanotube layer and a quartz glass layer, wherein the oriented carbon nanotube layer is located above the quartz glass layer, comprises an oriented growth carbon nanotube, and is configured to refract all incident light through the oriented growth carbon nanotube; the quartz glass layer is used for the carbon nanotube layer to grow orientately thereon, and is also used for absorbing the incident light so as to enable all the incident light to reach the oriented carbon nanotube layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a woven textile projection display screen including a projection display region wherein the projection display region has two or more interwoven yarns and each yarn in the projection display region includes metal. The projection display region is optically transparent in use. The invention further includes a projection apparatus including the woven textile projection display screen and one or more projectors.

Abstract: A downhole camera assembly (100) comprises a camera having a side-view viewport (82) that can be conveyed and manipulated within a wellbore on flexible cable. Light emitted from a light source is diffused and directed by a transparent or translucent material (61) in a substantially 360-degree pattern within a wellbore, thereby illuminating portion(s) of the wellbore positioned laterally to the camera assembly in a field of view of the viewport. The viewport may be selectively rotated 360 degrees by a motor assembly (40) positioned within the camera assembly which can be controlled from the earth's surface.

Abstract: A method and system for fracturing or mask data preparation is disclosed in which a desired substrate pattern for a substrate is input. A plurality of charged particle beam shots is then determined which will form a reticle pattern on a reticle, where the reticle pattern will produce a substrate pattern on the substrate using an optical lithography process, wherein the substrate pattern is within a predetermined tolerance of the desired substrate pattern. A similar method and a similar system for forming a pattern on a reticle are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pellicle frame that can prevent generation of haze and reduces a surface glittering defect under irradiation with collected light, and a method of manufacturing the pellicle frame. Specifically, provided are a pellicle frame, including: an aluminum frame material formed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy; and an anodic oxide film on a surface of the aluminum frame material, in which the anodic oxide film includes a film formed by using an alkaline anodic oxidation solution and a film formed by using an acid anodic oxidation solution, and a method of manufacturing the pellicle frame.

Abstract: In a pattern formation method according to an embodiment, a resist pattern is formed on a first film formed on a substrate. In the process for forming the resist pattern, the resist pattern includes a first pattern including a defect in a predetermined region on the first film. Next, a second film is accumulated on the first pattern in the predetermined region. Furthermore, a second pattern is formed in the first film with the resist pattern and the second film. Then, a third pattern is formed in the predetermined region on the first film.

Abstract: A black photoresist composition capable of emitting infrared light, a method of preparing the black photoresist composition capable of emitting infrared light, a color filter comprising a Black Matrix formed from the black photoresist composition capable of emitting infrared light, and a display device including the color filter. The black photoresist composition capable of emitting infrared light includes, based on the total weight of the composition, 2% to 15% of a color mixed material, 30% to 90% of a solvent, 2% to 20% of an alkali-soluble resin, 2% to 20% of an ethenoid unsaturated monomer, 0.01% to 1% of photoinitiator, and 0.005% to 0.02% of other additives; wherein the color mixed material includes a colorant and a surface-modified infrared light-emitting material at a weight ratio of 19:1 to 1:1.

Abstract: Sulfonium and iodonium salts of nitrogen-containing carboxylic acids are novel. The onium salt functions as an acid diffusion controlling agent in a resist composition, enabling to form a pattern of good profile with high resolution, improved MEF, LWR and DOF.

Abstract: A negative-working lithographic printing plate precursor has a substrate and an imageable layer disposed on the substrate. This imageable is removable with a lithographic printing ink, a fountain solution, or both. The imageable layer comprises (A) a free radical polymerizable compound, (B) a free radical polymerization initiator, and (C) a polymer that has a polysaccharide backbone and a free radical polymerizable group that is different than (A). Such precursors are on-press developable and exhibit excellent on-press development stability over time and excellent printing properties.

Abstract: A negative resist composition including a complex represented by the general formula (1); and a polymerization initiator, in which M represents hafnium (Hf) or zirconium (Zr), X represents a ligand comprising a conjugate base of an acid which has an acid dissociation constant (pKa) of 3.8 or less and has a polymerizable group, Y represents a ligand having no polymerizable group, and n represents an integer of 1 to 4.

Abstract: A reagent that enhances acid generation of a photoacid generator and composition containing such reagent is disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for depositing a photoresist and utilizing the photoresist are provided. In an embodiment a deposition chamber is utilized along with a first precursor material comprising carbon-carbon double bonds and a second precursor material comprising repeating units to deposit the photoresist onto a substrate. The first precursor material is turned into a plasma in a remote plasma chamber prior to being introduced into the deposition chamber. The resulting photoresist comprises a carbon backbone with carbon-carbon double bonds.

Abstract: A composition for forming a resist underlayer film is provided, which contains: a calixarene-based compound obtained from a calixarene by substituting at least a part of hydrogen atoms each on phenolic hydroxyl groups comprised in the calixarene, with a monovalent organic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; and an organic solvent. The monovalent organic group preferably includes a crosslinkable group. A part of hydrogen atoms each on phenolic hydroxyl groups of the calixarene-based compound is preferably substituted. The ratio of the number of substituted phenolic hydroxyl groups to the number of unsubstituted phenolic hydroxyl groups in the calixarene-based compound is preferably no less than 30/70 and no greater than 99/1.

Abstract: An imaging optical system for a projection exposure system has at least one anamorphically imaging optical element. This allows a complete illumination of an image field in a first direction with a large object-side numerical aperture in this direction, without the extent of the reticle to be imaged having to be enlarged and without a reduction in the throughput of the projection exposure system occurring.

Abstract: A support device for an optical apparatus is disclosed. The support device includes first and second support elements. The support device also includes first and second flexure bearings. The first flexure bearing and the second flexure bearing each connect the first support element and the second support element to one another in a thermally conductive manner and hold the first support element in a manner movable in at least one first direction relative to the second support element. Spring forces generated by the first flexure bearing and the second flexure bearing partly or completely cancel one another out in the case of a movement of the first support element relative to the second support element in the first direction.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns a method and system for providing a patterned structure (3p) on an acceptor substrate (4). The method comprises providing a donor substrate (10) arranged between a light source (5) and an acceptor substrate (4). A mask (7) is arranged between the light source (5) and the donor substrate (10). The mask (7) comprises a mask pattern (7p) for patterning light (6). The patterned light (6p) impinging the donor substrate (10) causes the donor material (3) to be released from the donor substrate (10) and transfer to the acceptor substrate (4) to form the patterned structure (3p) thereon. The patterned light (6p) is divided by the mask pattern (7p) into a plurality of separate homogeneously sized beams (6b) simultaneously impinging the donor substrate (10) for causing the donor material (3) to be released from the donor substrate (10) in the form of separate homogeneously sized droplets (3d).

Abstract: Methods for receiving a high-energy EUV beam and distributing EUV sub-beams to photolithography scanners and the resulting device are disclosed. Embodiments include receiving a high-energy primary EUV beam at a primary splitting optical assembly; splitting the primary EUV beam into primary EUV sub-beams; reflecting the primary EUV sub-beams to beam-splitting optical arrays; splitting the primary EUV sub-beams into secondary EUV sub-beams; reflecting the secondary EUV sub-beams to EUV distribution optical arrays; and distributing simultaneously the secondary EUV sub-beams to scanners.

Abstract: A spatial light modulation element module having a large area is manufactured. A spatial light modulation element module comprising a base member and a plurality of spatial light modulation element arrays, wherein each of the plurality of spatial light modulation element arrays has a light modulation element which modulates and emits at least one of the intensity and the phase of an incident light, and the base member maintains the plurality of spatial light modulation element arrays in a predetermined relative position in a bare chip state. In the above-described spatial light modulation element module, the plurality of spatial light modulation element arrays may be in a staggered arrangement in at least 1 direction.

Abstract: Provided are apparatuses and methods for super resolution imaging photolithography. An exemplary apparatus may include an illumination light generation device configured to generate illumination light for imaging a pattern included in a mask through the mask. The illumination light may include a high-frequency spatial spectrum such that a high-frequency evanescent wave component of spatial spectrum information for the light is converted to a low-frequency evanescent wave component after being transmitted through the mask pattern. For example, the illumination light generation device may be configured to form the illumination in accordance with a high numerical aperture (NA) illumination mode and/or a surface plasmon (SP) wave illumination mode.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus exposes a substrate with illumination light via an optical system. A stage disposed below the optical system has a holder to hold the substrate. A carrier system disposed above the stage has a first support member that supports the substrate in a noncontact manner from a surface side of the substrate, which is irradiated with the illumination light. A second support member different from the first support member supports the substrate in a contact manner from a rear surface side. A drive system coupled to the first and the second support members moves at least the second support member so that relative movement between the first and the second support members and relative movement between the second support member and the holder are performed at least in a vertical direction. The second support member carries the substrate from the first support member to the holder.

Abstract: A substrate stage and an empty-weight canceling mechanism that supports an empty weight of the substrate stage are made up of separate bodies. Accordingly, the size and weight of the substrate stage (a structure including the substrate stage) can be reduced, compared with the case where the substrate stage and the empty-weight canceling mechanism are integrally configured. Further, due to movement of an X coarse movement stage and a Y coarse movement stage by an X drive mechanism and a Y drive mechanism, the substrate stage is driven in an XY plane and also the empty-weight canceling mechanism that supports the empty weight of the substrate stage is driven. With this operation, the substrate stage can be driven without difficulty even when the substrate stage and the empty-weight canceling mechanism are configured of separate bodies.

Abstract: An imaging member outer layer comprising a structured organic film comprising a plurality of segments and a plurality of linkers arranged as a covalent organic framework, wherein the structured organic film further includes fluorinated segments and capping units comprising hole transport materials.