Abstract: Methods and systems for using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging include obtaining a T1-weighted MR image and a proton-density (PD) weighted MR image from a dual-image acquisition following an inversion-recovery (IR) pulse. The T1-weighted and PD-weighted images are used to obtain a polarity function describing a positive or negative polarity at individual voxels, which is used to reconstruct a polarity-enhanced PD-weighted image from the PD-weighted image. The polarity-enhanced PD-weighted image can be used for assessing at least plaque burden and juxtaluminal calcification (JCA).

Abstract: In a method, computer and magnetic resonance imaging system for determining a control sequence for operating the magnetic resonance imaging system to generate magnetic resonance image data of a region to be imaged of an examination subject, from which magnetic resonance raw data are acquired, information describing the anatomical structure of the region to be imaged is made available in the computer, and a surrounding area and a central area are specified in the region to be imaged dependent on the determined anatomical structure. Furthermore, a one-dimensional water/fat saturation pulse sequence for saturating the surrounding areas is determined and a multidimensional water/fat saturation pulse sequence for saturating the central area is determined.

Abstract: Efficient encoding of signals in an MRI image is achieved through a combination of parallel receiver coils, and nonlinear gradient encoding that varies dynamically in such a manner as to impose a unique phase/frequency time varying signal on each pixel in the field of view. Any redundancies are designed such that they are easily resolved by the receiver coil sensitivity profiles. Since each voxel has an essentially identifiable complex temporal signal, spatial localization is easily achieved with only a single echo acquisition.

Abstract: In a magnetic resonance imaging system and operating method for generating magnetic resonance image data of an object under examination, in order to acquire magnetic resonance raw data, an operating sequence is determined that has an excitation wherein an RF excitation pulse is radiated, and a readout procedure for receiving RF signals. In addition, a diffusion contrast gradient pulse sequence is generated that includes an uneven number of 2n+1 diffusion contrast gradient pulses switched in chronological succession, with the sum of the zero gradient moments of the diffusion contrast gradient pulses having the value zero and the sum of the first gradient moments of the diffusion contrast gradient pulses having the value zero. An RF refocusing pulse is switched between two of the diffusion contrast gradient pulses.

Abstract: A method for detecting a malfunction of a battery control system including a plurality of sensors intended to measure separate physical quantities of the battery, the method including the following steps: a) reading output values of the sensors; and b) determining, by means of a processing unit, whether the read values are consistent with a physical phenomenon conditioning relationships between at least two of the quantities.

Abstract: The Compound Eye Laser Illumination Seeker is a tracking system used to guide items to point at a laser-illuminated target, with the illumination being either pulsed or modulated at either a specific rate or within a range of rates. The device comprises a multiaperture compound receiver optics to collect the signal, a set of light guides to combine the received light into light representing individual angular sectors and redirect it to detectors whose output represents the illumination signal in that quadrant, a spectral filter, an angle filter, the set of detectors, and processing electronics. The output is an electronic signal indicating the angular difference between the pointing direction of the signal and the pointing direction of the tracking device.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a mobile terminal including: a reproducing section adapted to reproduce a first distance measurement signal; a recording section adapted to record the first distance measurement signal and a second distance measurement signal output from other mobile terminal; a time difference measurement section adapted to measure a first difference between recording start times of the first and second distance measurement signals; a communication section adapted to receive a second difference between recording start times of the first and second distance measurement signals from the other mobile terminal, the second difference being measured by the other mobile terminal; and a distance calculation section adapted to calculate a distance to the other mobile terminal by multiplying the subtraction result between the first and second differences by the speed of sound.

Abstract: Systems and methods are presented for detecting a direction of an incoming projectile and determining a source location of the projectile. One or more resonant sensors (comprising a plate, piezo electric sensor, etc.) can be arranged, where shockwaves from the projectile (e.g., shockwaves from a bullet travelling at supersonic speeds) are incident upon the plate and cause the plate to resonate. The resonance causes an electrical signal to be generated by the piezo electric sensor (e.g., a piezo electric film sensor), the greater the degree of resonance in the plate, the higher the magnitude of signal generated by the piezo electric sensor. By comparing the magnitude of the piezo electric signals across the array of resonant sensors it is possible to determine a trajectory of the projectile and hence a location of the source of the projectile. Acoustic waves can also be generated by muzzle waves.

Abstract: Described herein are techniques related to transmitter precoding for optimizing positioning performance. The techniques are directed to transmit signals with relatively higher transmission power, in a direction along the line of sight between the transmitter and the receiver, than signals transmitted in other directions. The techniques render the first signal arriving at the receiver, as it travels along the line of sight between the transmitter and the receiver, to have stronger signal strength than the signal strengths of other signals that travel through non-LoS paths to reach the receiver.

Abstract: Described herein are technologies related to estimating location of a mobile device especially while the device is traveling a known and mapped route. That is, the described technologies estimate a user's location when they are traversing a commonly traveled route. More particularly, the described technologies are especially suited to estimating geo-location of a user. This Abstract is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

Abstract: A method for determining a location of remotely emplaced objects.

Abstract: The present subject matter relates to a computing device (104) and method intended to provide fine-grained continuous location tracking for non-real time uses (e.g., for retracing the movement of office employees). As per the subject matter, the knowledge of an office layout is combined with the application of particle filters (PFs) over inertial tracking (using compass, accelerometer and gyroscope sensors) data. Viterbi-based path-likelihood maximization is integrated with PF framework to progressively reduce the uncertainty in the movement track of an individual computing device (104).

Abstract: Examples are disclosed for determining a time-of-flight (ToF) of a wireless signal in a multipath wireless environment. In some examples a method for determining a time-of-flight (ToF) of a wireless signal in a multipath wireless environment may comprise receiving two or more wireless signals over a wireless communication channel from wireless device, determining a maximum likelihood solution for identifying a line-of-sight (LoS) signal of the two or more wireless signals, reducing the complexity of the maximum likelihood solution, determining a time that maximizes the reduced complexity maximum likelihood solution, and determining the ToF of the LoS signal based on the reduced complexity maximum likelihood solution and the determined time. Other examples are described and claimed.

Abstract: Method for localizing a wireless node in a wireless sensor network, and wireless node using the method. The method includes sending a chirp spread spectrum signal with a carrier frequency from a first wireless node (A) to a second wireless node (B), the second wireless node (B) including a plurality of antennas; receiving the chirp spread spectrum signal at the plurality of antennas; executing time-of-arrival ranging between the first and second wireless nodes (A, B) for determining a distance between the first and second wireless nodes (A, B); and detecting a relative phase shift of the received chirp spread spectrum signal at each of the plurality of antennas of the second wireless node (B) and determining a direction of the first wireless sensor node (A) with respect to the second wireless sensor node (B) from the detected relative phase shift.

Abstract: Various embodiments determine a position of a wireless device and enable the wireless device to retrieve the determined location. In one embodiment, a system comprises of at least one wireless transmitting device, a plurality of wireless receivers, and at least one server. Each of the plurality of wireless devices receive signals from the wireless transmitting device with unknown position and send time stamped information to the server. Each of the plurality of wireless device also sends unique identifying information about the wireless transmitting device. The server calculates a position of the wireless transmitting device by considering the inputs received from the plurality of wireless receivers. The wireless device obtains its position from the server. The process can be executed on demand, or at regular, frequent intervals.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of computing positioning of a mobile device in a wireless network. This positioning method exchanges packets between pairs of wi-fi nodes. The packets include count stamps of packet transmit and receipt. Differential ranges between a mobile device and plural pairs of wi-fi nodes are used to locate the mobile device.

Abstract: An example method includes identifying a link that is one of a plurality of links of a wireless locating system, the link being defined by at least a reference signal source, a first receiver unit, and a second receiver unit; determining a reliability metric for signal transmission via a link based on first link data, the link data describing first reference signal events for the link; and modifying the reliability metric based on second link data describing second reference signal events for the link, wherein modifying the reliability metric includes: determining whether the second link data is consistent with the first link data; adjusting the reliability metric using a first function when the second link data is consistent with the first link data; and adjusting the reliability metric using a second function different than the first function when the second link data is inconsistent with the second link data.

Abstract: A capability for localization of a wireless tag based on wireless gateway association information uses a wireless tag supporting multiple states and wireless gateway association information associated with the wireless tag to control localization of the wireless tag. The wireless tag may support an unconnected state in which the wireless tag communicates location tracking information using a wireless beacon signal which may be detected by various wireless gateways and a connected state in which the wireless tag communicates location tracking information via one or more connections with one or more wireless gateways. The wireless gateway association information may include wireless gateway lists (e.g., whitelists, blacklists, or the like), association rules, notification rules, or the like. The wireless gateway association information may be used to control transitions of the wireless tag between the unconnected state and the connected state, to control notifications for the wireless tag, or the like.

Abstract: The invention is directed to systems, methods and computer program products for modifying Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) transmissions from base stations to User Equipment (UE) by providing for partial power boosting at the base stations with the purpose of improving UE positioning accuracy and, specifically positioning accuracy of Machine Type Communication (MTC) devices.

Abstract: A matched filter is provided for signal processing applications such as GNSS and RADAR. The filter includes a plurality of correlator cells configured to receive a digital signal and are arranged so that values of the digital signal can be shifted amongst the plurality of correlator cells. Each correlator cell includes a correlator circuit, a data source and a current source. The correlator circuit is configured to receive a value from the digital signal and operates to correlate the value with a value of the known pattern stored in the data store. The current source is interfaced with the correlator circuit and selectively sources current based on the correlation operation performed by the correlator circuit; and an output circuit is coupled to each of the plurality of correlator cell and operates to generate an output which is correlated to current that is being source collectively by the current sources.

Abstract: A frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar system is provided that includes a receiver configured to generate a digital intermediate frequency (IF) signal, and an interference monitoring component coupled to the receiver to receive the digital IF signal, in which the interference monitoring component is configured to monitor at least one sub-band in the digital IF signal for interference, in which the at least one sub-band does not include a radar signal.

Abstract: A method for characterizing a FM chirp signal generated by a device under test (DUT) is disclosed. The method comprises receiving a selection of a sample frequency and chirp duration for capturing the FM chirp signal. The method also comprises down converting the FM chirp signal and capturing the FM chirp signal using a digital pin electronics card. The method comprises obtaining a plurality of period measurements from the captured FM chirp signal using a timing measurement unit (TMU) of an automated test equipment (ATE) and converting each of the plurality of period measurements into corresponding frequency values.

Abstract: An axial displacement judgment device has a first detector acquiring a first detection value from a G sensor which detects an acceleration applied to a radar device, a second detector acquiring a second detection value from a YG sensor which detects the acceleration applied to a vehicle body, and a difference calculator calculating a detection difference value, which is a difference between the first detection value and the second detection value, every first period. The device further has an average difference value calculator calculating an average difference value as an average value of the detection difference values calculated during an acquisition period including the first periods, a deviation calculator calculating a difference standard deviation of the detection difference values calculated during the acquisition period, and a judgment section detecting occurrence of an axial displacement of the radar device based on the average difference value and the difference standard deviation.

Abstract: The target holding jig which holds a spherical target including a reflection mechanism for reflecting measurement light emitted from a light source, and brings the target and an end surface of an object to be measured into contact with each other, includes a supporting portion configured to support the target being in contact with the object to be measured, a guide portion disposed on a side of the supporting portion facing the object to be measured, regulating a contact position of the target with the object to be measured in a short side direction of the end surface of the object to be measured, and restricting the movement of the target in the short side direction of the end surface of the object to be measured, and a coupling portion fixed to the supporting portion, and removably coupled to the object to be measured.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described that relate to a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) device. The LIDAR device includes a fiber laser configured to emit light within a wavelength range, a scanning portion configured to direct the emitted light in a reciprocating manner about a first axis, and a plurality of detectors configured to sense light within the wavelength range. The device additionally includes a controller configured to receive target information, which may be indicative of an object, a position, a location, or an angle range. In response to receiving the target information, the controller may cause the rotational mount to rotate so as to adjust a pointing direction of the LIDAR. The controller is further configured to cause the LIDAR to scan a field-of-view (FOV) of the environment. The controller may determine a three-dimensional (3D) representation of the environment based on data from scanning the FOV.

Abstract: An optical transmitter 1 includes an optical phase modulator 131 that performs phase modulation on a continuously oscillating light, a light intensity modulator 132 that performs pulse modulation on the light on which the phase modulation is performed, to output the light as a transmission light, a first signal generator 133 that generates a pulse modulation driving signal in which on and off time intervals are repeated periodically, to drive the optical intensity modulator 132, and a second signal generator 134 that generates a saw tooth wave driving signal having an amplitude equal to an integral multiple of a driving voltage needed to acquire a modulation phase of 2? of the optical phase modulator 131, and having a constant period, to drive the optical phase modulator 131.

Abstract: A modular LIDAR system may be formed of multiple LIDAR components. Each LIDAR component may include a laser emitter and a laser detector configured in a frame. Multiple LIDAR components may be arranged on a rotatable swivel housing. The rotatable housing may rotate about a first axis that is perpendicular to a plane defined by a mounting base. The multiple LIDAR components may be aimed outward from the swivel housing at different directions, which may range up to 90 degrees or up to 180 degrees in separation in some embodiments. When the rotatable housing is rotated completely around the first axis, the multiple LIDAR components may scan a first field of view of 360 degrees around the first axis and may scan a second field of view of substantially 180 degrees about a second axis. The modular LIDAR system may be implemented with an aircraft for navigational purposes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a laser radar device including optical branching couplers each of that branches a laser light oscillated, optical modulators each of that modulates a laser light after being branched, an optical combining coupler that combines laser lights modulated by the optical modulators, an optical combining coupler that combines other laser lights after being branched, an optical system that emits a composite light from the optical combining coupler, and receives lights scattered by a target, an optical combining coupler that combines the scattered lights and a composite light from the optical combining coupler, an optical detector that detects beat signals from a composite light from the optical combining coupler, a signal processing unit that extracts information about the target from the beat signals, and a diffraction grating that emits a light incident thereupon toward a specific direction according to the angle and the frequency of the incident light.

Abstract: A method is for estimating a distance to an object. The method may include determining, by a ranging device, a first range value based upon a time of flight of first optical pulses having a period of a first duration, and determining, by the ranging device, a second range value based upon a time of flight of second optical pulses having a period of a second duration different from the first duration. The method may include estimating the distance based upon the first and second range values.

Abstract: The ultrasonic sensor includes a wave transmitting and receiving device and a cover. The wave transmitting and receiving device has a front surface including a wave transmitting and receiving surface and is configured to transmit and receive an ultrasonic wave through the wave transmitting and receiving surface. The cover covers the wave transmitting and receiving device so as to expose the wave transmitting and receiving surface. The cover is constituted by multiple portions, and the multiple portions are individually made of multiple materials different from each other.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for visualizing an offset in static parameters in an echo sounding system by generating a difference grid by subtracting a first survey line from a second survey line to determine difference values at each point in the grid; and displaying the difference grid on a display device, where the difference values are represented on a visual scale. The difference values may be used to calibrate the echo sounding system or check the quality of the calibration of an echo sounding system.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for measuring distance by using electronic devices are provided. The apparatus includes an output unit, an input unit, and a controller. The output unit may be configured to transmit the first sound wave, and the input unit may be configured to receive the second sound wave from another apparatus that receives the first sound wave. The controller may be configured to determine the distance between the apparatus and the another apparatus based on a first value and a second value. The first value may correspond to a difference between a timing of initiating a transmission of the first sound wave and a timing of receiving the second sound wave, and the second value may correspond to a difference between a timing when the another apparatus initiates the transmission of the second sound wave and the timing when the another apparatus receives the first sound wave.

Abstract: An FMCW radar is used to detect live objects by processing the matched, filtered radar return on a frame by frame basis. An FFT cross correlation coefficient is computed, followed by computing a modified geometric mean of the absolute value of the cross correlation coefficients. The modified geometric mean is then compared to a preset threshold to determine whether the object is moving or is stationary.

Abstract: A vehicle movement estimation device has a radar that is provided in a vehicle and that performs transmission of a radar wave and reception of a reflected wave that is the radar wave reflected by an object, a radar movement estimator that estimates a radar movement velocity and a radar movement direction of the radar based on the received reflected wave, an angular velocity estimator that estimates a rotational angular velocity of the vehicle, and a vehicle movement estimator that estimates a movement velocity and a movement direction of a prescribed position of the vehicle based on the estimated radar movement velocity and radar movement direction, the estimated rotational angular velocity, and a spatial relationship between the radar and the prescribed position.

Abstract: A radar system uses multiple-beam maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) during both search and tracking operations. During search, a four beam sequential beam, cluster may be used to search for targets in a region-of-interest. During tracking, a three beam triad may be used to track one or more detected targets. In some embodiments, a beam selector switch may be used to allow two offset receive beams to time share a beamformer output port to generate the four beam sequential cluster.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for tracking a remote vehicle which is driving in a lateral position relative to a host vehicle. Target data from two radar sensors are provided to an object detection fusion system. Wheels on the remote vehicle are identified as clusters of radar points with essentially the same location but substantially varying Doppler range rate values. If both wheels on the near side of the remote vehicle can be identified, a fusion calculation is performed using the wheel locations measured by both radar sensors, yielding an accurate estimate of the position, orientation and velocity of the remote vehicle. The position, orientation and velocity of the remote vehicle are used to trigger warnings or evasive maneuvers in a Lateral Collision Prevention (LCP) system. Radar sensor alignment can also be calibrated with an additional fusion calculation based on the same wheel measurement data.

Abstract: A surveillance apparatus includes an optical camera that captures images based on received light, the optical camera including a camera aperture and a radar sensor including one or more transmitting antennas configured to emit electromagnetic radiation and one or more receiving antennas configured to receive electromagnetic radiation. The one or more transmitting antennas and the one or more receiving antennas form a virtual antenna array. The one or more transmitting antennas and the one or more receiving antennas are arranged such with respect to the optical camera that the center area of the virtual antenna array and the center area of the camera aperture coincide.

Abstract: A method for displaying an area on a display device, such as a graphical user interface (GUI), by displaying a front view of the area generated from front view data and a top view of the area generated from top view data according to a first line-of-sight; processing an interaction between an operator and one of the front view and the top view of the GUI; and displaying on the same display device an updated front view of the area and an updated top view of the area, wherein the updated front view and the updated top view are generated from the front view data and top view data according to a second line-of-sight, and wherein the first line-of-sight and the second line-of-sight have a common origin. The method is particularly useful for visualising, for example, an open cut mine. An apparatus for working the method is also described.

Abstract: A modular imaging system includes an antenna panels, a sensor, and at least one data processor. The antenna panels include an array of antenna elements including at least two antenna elements separated by a spacing more than a half wavelength. The plurality of antenna panels are configurable to be spatially arranged and oriented with respect to one another to measure radar returns of an observation domain for a target. The sensor has a field of view overlapping the observation domain and for measuring an image. The at least one data processor forms part of at least one computing system and is adapted to receive data characterizing the optical image and the radar returns, determine a spatial location of the target, and construct a radar return image of the target using a sparsity constraint determined from the spatial location of the target. Related apparatus, systems, techniques, and articles are also described.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for tracking objects which are crossing behind a host vehicle. Target data from a vision system and two radar sensors are provided to an object detection fusion system. Salient points on the target object are identified and tracked using the vision system data. The salient vision points are associated with corresponding radar points, where the radar points provide Doppler radial velocity data. A fusion calculation is performed on the salient vision points and the radar points, yielding an accurate estimate of the velocity of the target object, including its lateral component which is difficult to obtain using radar points only or traditional vision system methods. The position and velocity of the target object are used to trigger warnings or automatic braking in a Rear Cross Traffic Avoidance (RCTA) system.

Abstract: A structure disposed with a peripheral information detection sensor includes: a peripheral information detection sensor that is disposed at a window frame portion of a side surface of a vehicle and that is equipped with a detection component that detects peripheral information relating to the area around the vehicle; a window member that is attached to the window frame portion and covers the peripheral information detection sensor from an exterior of the vehicle, with at least the section of the window member that opposes the peripheral information detection sensor being opaque or translucent; and an interior member that covers the peripheral information detection sensor from the vehicle interior side.

Abstract: An automotive radar installation structure that allows a radar main body to be assembled to a vehicle in a simple arrangement and with stable performance, and a fascia retainer to attach a bumper fascia as an exterior part of a bumper to the vehicle. The structure includes a flat solid shape radar main body 122 and a transmission and/or reception surface to transmit/receive radio waves, and a fascia retainer 120 to attach a bumper fascia 108 of a rear bumper 104 of the vehicle to the vehicle main body. The fascia retainer 120 has a fixation portion 150, and a radar installation portion 128 in the vicinity of the fixation portion 150 having a recessed shape to receive the radar main body 122 so that the transmission and/or reception surface 130 faces outward of the vehicle.

Abstract: A monitoring device comprising a plurality of emitters and a plurality of receivers is provided. The emitters are capable of being driven to emit waves with directivity. The receivers are correspondingly disposed with respect to the emitters for receiving the waves. The transmitting paths of the waves define a monitoring area. The monitoring device is able to determine the moving trend and the location of the first object in the monitoring area when the specific waves are reflected to and received by the corresponding receivers.

Abstract: In a method for checking a first ultrasonic sensor of a motor vehicle for an occlusion, a measuring signal of the first ultrasonic sensor is acquired by an evaluation unit, and from the measuring signal, a decay time of a natural oscillation of the diaphragm of the first ultrasonic sensor, brought about by an excitation pulse, is ascertained. From the measuring signal of either the first ultrasonic sensor or a second ultrasonic sensor, an echo produced by an object located in a sensing range of the first ultrasonic sensor is ascertained, and a distance value of the object is determined on the basis of the echo. An occlusion is signaled if the decay time is less than a predetermined threshold value which would be exceeded if ice and/or dirt were to adhere directly to the diaphragm, and if the distance value is less than a predetermined maximum value.

Abstract: An active sensor for performing active measurements of a scene is presented. The active sensor includes at least one transmitter configured to emit light pulses toward at least one target object in the scene, wherein the at least one target object is recognized in an image acquired by a passive sensor; at least one receiver configured to detect light pulses reflected from the at least one target object; a controller configured to control an energy level, a direction, and a timing of each light pulse emitted by the transmitter, wherein the controller is further configured to control at least the direction for detecting each of the reflected light pulses; and a distance measurement circuit configured to measure a distance to each of the at least one target object based on the emitted light pulses and the detected light pulses.

Abstract: A method and control system for optimizing active measurements are presented. In an embodiment, the method includes emitting at least one active signal in at least one direction; determining whether a return signal is detected for each of the at least one active signal; upon detecting at least one return signal for the at least one active signal: measuring a strength of each return signal; comparing the measured strength of each return signal to at least one optimal return signal strength; and determining, based on the comparison, an optimized configuration for active measurement emissions in one or more directions.

Abstract: A laser detection and ranging device for detecting an object under a water surface, the laser detection and ranging device having a laser transmitter being configured to modulate a laser beam by a binary pseudo-random coding sequence to obtain a modulated laser beam, and to transmit the modulated laser beam towards the water surface, a laser detector for detecting a reflected laser beam, the reflected laser beam forming a reflected version of the transmitted laser beam, and a processor for detecting the object under the water surface upon the basis of the reflected laser beam.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electronic device and a method for controlling the same. The electronic device and the method for controlling the same, according to the present invention, comprise: an output unit for emitting a radiated signal to at least one subject; a receiving unit for detecting a reflected signal of the radiated signal by the at least one subject; and a control unit for calculating the distance to the at least one subject on the basis of the reflected signal and transforming the wave form of the radiated signal of the output unit to change the measurable range of the distance. According to the present invention, it is possible to transform the wave form of a radiated signal to change the measurable range of the distance to a subject.

Abstract: Disclosed are a laser range finding sensor and a range finding method therefor. The laser range finding sensor comprises a motor (120), a control box (130), and a coded disc (150). Under a drive of the motor, the control box rotates relative to the coded disc. The coded disc comprises a plurality of range finding teeth (151). The control box comprises a range finding unit (142), a detection portion (144), and a control unit (140). The detection portion comprises a light transmitter (1440) and a light receiver (1441) disposed opposite to each other. The control box rotates relative to the coded disc, so that the range finding teeth pass between respective positions of the light transmitter and the light receiver. The control box rotates under the drive of the motor for scanning and distance measuring and records a measured distance value in the control unit. The control unit automatically calculates a corresponding local rotation speed when the coded disc rotates by a set angle.

Abstract: A measurement system including a tracking measurement device, a tracked measurement device, and a positioning unit disposed at least partly on the tracked measurement device. The positioning unit includes a tracking groove formed in a surface of the positioning unit, the tracking groove having a non-repeating pattern, and a positioning target configured to interface with the tracking groove so as to be movable within and along at least a portion of the tracking groove, where the positioning target is configured to interface with the tracking measurement device to effect a position determination of the tracked measurement device in a global coordinate system of the tracking measurement device.