Abstract: A telescope made up of mutually connectable modules, which telescope includes at least a lens module and an eyepiece module, and the lens module and eyepiece module each have a connection interface for connecting the modules, wherein an optical system for changing the zoom is integrated in the lens module.

Abstract: An optical lens assembly adapted for a solar telescope comprising a diverging lens, a converging lens, an etalon filter, and a housing. The diverging lens, the converging lens, and the etalon filter being positioned within the housing. The diverging lens being located between the first opening and the converging lens, and the etalon filter being located between the converging lens and the second opening. The housing comprising at least one baffle located between the diverging lens and the converging lens.

Abstract: An imaging device includes: a holder that has a substantially hollow cylindrical shape having first and second end portions, both of the first and second end portions being opened in a longitudinal direction of the holder, the holder having a cutout portion on a side surface of the first end portion; a lens group provided inside the holder and configured to collect light incident from the second end portion of the holder; an optical member provided inside the holder and configured to transmit or reflect the light collected by the lens group; and an image sensor configured receive the light from the optical member. Part of an outer surface of the optical member is a columnar surface, and the columnar surface of the optical member abuts on an inside of the holder. Part of the image sensor is attached to the side surface of the holder through the cutout portion.

Abstract: An insertion apparatus includes a flexible insert section inserted into an insertion target and a curved-shape detection sensor which detects a curved shape of the insert section. The curved-shape detection sensor includes at least a core, a cladding, a coating, and a sensing part mechanically attached to the core and detecting the curved shape. The optical fiber is disposed at least in the insert section. The optical fiber includes at least one displacement restraint section which directly or indirectly restrains a displacement of the sensing part relative to the insert section.

Abstract: A portable magnifying assembly includes an external electronic device that may display an image. A bellows has a top end, a bottom end and a peripheral wall extending therebetween. The top end is open and the bellows are substantially hollow. The bottom end may be positioned on a support surface and the bellows may be positioned in an extended position. A magnifying plate is removably positioned on the bellows thereby facilitating the magnifying plate to magnify the image displayed on the external electronic device when the bellows is positioned in the extended position.

Abstract: A wheel and a projection device using the same are provided. The wheel includes a wheel plate and a wavelength conversion layer. The wheel plate includes a first surface, a second surface, a through hole, a first groove, and a second groove. The first surface is opposite to the second surface, and forms a coating area and a non-coating area. The through hole is located in the coating area. The second groove is formed on the second surface and protrudes over the first surface to assemble a driver. The wavelength conversion layer is formed in the coating area of the first surface to convert a wavelength of a light beam.

Abstract: A circuit may include a first circuit configured to generate a voltage signal for generating an optical pulse, the voltage signal being generated based on a phase control signal, and an array of single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) cells configured to detect a phase of the optical pulse. The circuit may include a phase control circuit configured to generate the phase control signal based upon a target phase value and the detected phase of the optical pulse.

Abstract: An electro-optical device is configured by a laminated body of a second conductive layer and a reflective layer for a mirror. The second conductive layer includes a mirror support post facing a concave portion at a side opposite to a substrate, and a flat plate which extends from an end portion of the mirror support post and faces the substrate. The concave portion is filled with the resin. Surfaces of the flat plate and the resin configure a continuous plane. The reflective layer for a mirror is laminated on a surface of the resin at a side opposite to the substrate, and a surface of the flat plate of the second conductive layer at a side opposite to the substrate.

Abstract: An electrooptical apparatus includes a torsion hinge and a mirror support post that are formed integrally with an electroconductive member. Of the mirror support post (second support post), a first end portion at a substrate side has an open end whose opening faces the substrate. Of the mirror support post, a second end portion at a mirror side is a flat plate portion that closes the opening of the mirror support post. A mirror is in contact with the opposite side of the flat plate portion to the substrate. A first sacrificial layer for use for production of the electrooptical apparatus is formed by exposing and developing a photosensitive resist.

Abstract: In an electro-optical device, a torsion hinge and a mirror support post are formed as one piece together with a conductive member, and in the mirror support post, a first end portion on a substrate side is an open end which is opened toward the substrate. In the mirror support post, a second end portion on a mirror side is a flat plate which closes an opening of the mirror support post, and the mirror is in contact with a surface of the fiat plate at a side opposite to the substrate. The first sacrificial layer which is used for manufacturing the electro-optical device is formed by exposure, development, and etching in a state in which a hard mask is formed, with respect to the photosensitive resin layer.

Abstract: There is provided an electro-optical device comprising a substrate, a first torsion hinge disposed above the substrate in a thickness direction, the first torsion hinge having a first hinge support portion configured to support the first torsion hinge in the thickness direction, a second torsion hinge disposed above the first torsion hinge in the thickness direction, the second torsion hinge having a second hinge support portion configured to support the second torsion hinge in the thickness direction, and a mirror disposed above the second torsion hinge in the thickness direction, the mirror having a mirror support portion configured to support the mirror in the thickness direction. The second hinge support portion does not overlap the first hinge support portion in a planar view of the substrate, and the mirror support portion does not overlap the second hinge support portion in the planar view of the substrate.

Abstract: An electrooptical apparatus includes a torsion hinge (torsion hinge) that has a first opening portion. Around the first opening portion, the opposite side of the torsion hinge to a substrate is in contact with a first connecting portion of a mirror support post that has a tubular shape. A resin that constitutes a sacrificial layer does not remain within the mirror support post. A second end portion of the mirror support post which is at a side opposite the substrate forms a flat plate portion. The second end portion is in contact with a mirror. Therefore, the surface of the mirror does not have any dimple.

Abstract: In an electro-optical device, a torsion hinge and a mirror support post are formed as one piece together with a conductive member, and in the mirror support post, a first end portion on a substrate side is an open end which is opened toward the substrate. In the mirror support post, a second end portion on a mirror side is a flat plate which closes an opening of the mirror support post, and the mirror is in contact with a surface of the flat plate at a side opposite to the substrate. The first sacrificial layer which is used for manufacturing the electro-optical device is formed by exposure, development, and etching in a state in which a hard mask is formed, with respect to the photosensitive resin layer.

Abstract: A canister system is provided which either stands on its own or utilizes a plastic applicator with an orifice capable of dispensing a pressurized non-freezing cleansing solution to spray upon an occluded vehicular camera lens or ultrasonic sensor fascia cover. An optional non-abrasive integrated brush may be attached to the applicator to aid in clearing the occlusion after spray.

Abstract: A thermoplastic film for a laminated-glass pane, having a non-linear continuous wedge insert in both a vertical and horizontal direction in some sections, is described. In the vertical direction, the laminated-glass pane is, from the perspective of an observer, further at a lower end than at an upper end. In a laminated-glass pane equipped with the thermoplastic film, the thermoplastic film is located between two glass layers. The thermoplastic film has at least a first section having a wedge angle profile that is continuous and non-linear in the vertical and horizontal direction, such that ghost images from a head-up display are minimized in the region of the first section. The thermoplastic film also minimizes double images in transmission in the first section and in further sections.

Abstract: Provided is a head-up display device capable of projecting a virtual image on a curved surface. a curved parallel mirror receives parallel beams from a collimator lens and outputs a plurality of transmitted beams by being configured such that a semi-transparent curved mirror and a curved mirror are arranged opposing each other, said semi-transparent curved mirror reflecting a portion of the parallel beams while allowing the other portion to pass through as transmitted beams, and said curved mirror reflecting parallel beams toward the semi-transparent curved mirror. The curved parallel mirror has a convex curved shape toward the transmission side such that when the outputted plurality of transmitted beams are reflected by a curved surface, the reflected transmitted beams become display beams representing a virtual image substantially parallel to a first plane.

Abstract: A system (100), apparatus (110), and method (900) for displaying an image (880). The system (100) can use an aspherical lens (450) to direct light (800) in the interim image (850) towards the viewer (96) of the final image (880) displayed by the system (100). Use of the aspherical lens (450) expands the FOV (860) accessible to the viewer (96) and reduces exit pupil drift (480).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a glass-type image display device such as a head-mounted display (HMD) formed so as to be worn on a part of the human body, and a method for controlling the same. The glass-type image display device comprises: a main body formed so as to be worn on a head of a user; a position detecting unit formed at the main body and detecting a position on which the main body is worn; an output unit formed in the main body and having an image output unit which outputs image information and an audio output unit which outputs audio information when operated; and a control unit for determining whether to operate the image output unit and/or the audio output unit according to the positions at which the main body is worn that have been detected by the position detecting unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for displaying an image, including: an input image node configured to provide at least a first and a second image modulated lights; and a holographic waveguide device configured to propagate the at least one of the first and second image modulated lights in at least a first direction. The holographic waveguide device includes: at least a first and second interspersed multiplicities of grating elements disposed in at least one layer, the first and second grating elements having respectively a first and a second prescriptions. The first and second multiplicity of grating elements are configured to deflect respectively the first and second image modulated lights out of the at least one layer into respectively a first and a second multiplicities of output rays forming respectively a first and second FOV tiles.

Abstract: There is provided an image processing apparatus including a setting unit configured to set a display mode corresponding to a posture of a user on the basis of posture information indicating the posture of the head of the user.

Abstract: A visual line direction sensing device communicably connected with a head-up display device, which projects an image on a screen disposed ahead of a target, includes an image capture unit capturing a target image from a front side of the target, an acquisition unit acquiring adjusted position information indicative of an image projection position by an adjustment unit of the head-up display device, an estimation unit estimating positions of pupils of the target based on the adjusted position information acquired by the acquisition unit, a setup unit setting an inspection range of the target image captured by the image capture unit with reference to the positions of the pupils estimated by the estimation unit, and a calculator calculating a visual line direction of the target based on a status of the pupils included in the inspection range of the target image set by the setup unit.

Abstract: Device for shaping laser radiation (10a, 10c ), comprising a component (1) having an entrance face (2) and an exit face (3), a first lens array (4) on the entrance face (2) with a plurality of lenses (5a, 5c, 5e ) juxtaposed in the X-direction, and a second lens array (6) on the exit face (3) with a plurality of lenses (7a, 7c, 7e ) juxtaposed in the Y-direction, wherein the laser radiation (10a, 10c ) is deflected by a first one of the lenses (5a, 5c, 5e ) of the first lens array (4) with respect to the X- and Y-direction by a different angle than from a second one of the lenses (5a, 5c, 5e ) of the first lens array (4), and/or wherein the laser radiation (10a, 10c ) is deflected by a first of the lenses (7a, 7c, 7e ) of the second lens array (6) with respect to the X- and Y-direction by a different angle than by a second one of the lenses (7a, 7c, 7e ) of the second lens array (6).

Abstract: An optical system for use with a multi-channel wide field imaging system, the optical system including an objective lens, a dichroic element to split light into a first wavelength range and a second wavelength range, the dichroic element positioned to receive near parallel chief rays from the objective lens, a first channel lens system to receive light of the first wavelength range from the dichroic element; and a second channel lens system to receive light of the second wavelength range from the dichroic element.

Abstract: The present invention belongs to the technical field of three-dimensional display, and provides a liquid crystal lens. The liquid crystal lens includes a first substrate and a second substrate which are arranged oppositely, wherein a plurality of first electrodes are arranged on the first substrate, the first electrodes are arranged at intervals, when the liquid crystal lens is used for three-dimensional display, a plurality of liquid crystal lens units with the same structure are formed between the first substrate and the second substrate, two adjacent liquid crystal lens units share one first electrode, a plurality of second electrodes are arranged on one side of the second substrate facing to the first substrate, the second electrodes are arranged at intervals, an opening portion is formed between two adjacent second electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal grating substrate, a liquid crystal grating and a stereoscopic display device The liquid crystal grating substrate, the liquid crystal grating and the stereoscopic display device provided in the present invention can control the voltages of the electrode strips respectively, thereby not only improving the control precision of the liquid crystal grating, but also ensuring diversified control forms to meet various adjustment requirements for the width of the light transmissive area or non-light transmissive area of the liquid crystal grating; meanwhile, the liquid crystal grating is easy to drive and the sizes of the light transmissive areas can be controlled, thus the circuit design difficulty and the production cost are reduced, and the 3D crosstalk problem can be solved.

Abstract: A liquid crystal lens light splitting device (100) and a manufacturing method thereof, and a stereoscopic display device are disclosed. The liquid crystal lens light splitting device (100) is configured to be disposed on a display panel (200) and includes: a first substrate (110), and a second substrate (120) disposed on a light outgoing side of the display panel (200), wherein liquid crystal (150) is filled between the first substrate (110) and the second substrate (120), and a support (130) is provided between the first substrate (110) and the second substrate (120), and wherein the support (130) is opposite to a non-light-outgoing area (201) on the display panel in a light outgoing direction of the display panel (200). The liquid crystal lens light splitting device (100) can mitigate or eliminate crosstalk phenomenon and be used for manufacturing a display device.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator is constituted by a plurality of pixels. A rearrangement optical element guides the light generated by the plurality of pixels of the spatial light modulator onto the screen to rearrange a plurality of pixels on a screen. Each lens of a lens array emits the light generated by the plurality of pixels rearranged on the screen as light beams in respective different directions. A control device controls the spatial light modulator such that a three-dimensional image is presented by the plurality of light beams emitted by a plurality of lenses of the lens array.

Abstract: A parallax barrier panel including a first substrate having a flat electrode, and a second substrate, the liquid crystal sandwiched therebetween. The second substrate has first barrier electrodes extending in a first direction and arrayed at a first pitch in a second direction, and has second barrier electrodes, the first and the second harrier electrodes having an interlayer insulating film interposed therebetween. Gaps between the first barrier electrodes are blocked by the second barrier electrodes when viewed in a plan view. Each of the first barrier electrodes is paired with one of the second barrier electrodes. Bus electrodes extend outside the display area along a side thereof. The first barrier electrodes are connected to the bus electrodes via first through holes formed in the interlayer insulating film. The second barrier electrodes are connected to the first barrier electrodes via second through holes formed in the interlay insulating film.

Abstract: A three-dimensional display device prevents a barrier wire breakage failure and includes a parallax barrier panel resistant to static electricity. The 3D display device has a liquid crystal parallax barrier panel disposed over a display panel. The parallax barrier panel has a first substrate having an electrode formed flat thereon and a second substrate having a display area, the first substrate and the second substrate having liquid crystal sandwiched therebetween. The second substrate has barrier electrodes extending in a first direction and arrayed at a first pitch in a second direction, has a first bus electrode extending in the second direction outside the display area along a first side thereof, and has a second bus electrode extending in the second direction outside the display area along a second side thereof opposite to the first side. The barrier electrodes are connected to the first and the second bus electrodes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a backlight apparatus of providing light of different colors sequentially to provide a 3 Dimensional (3D) image of a high resolution, and a display apparatus including the backlight apparatus. The backlight apparatus according to an embodiment includes: a light source configured to sequentially generate light of different colors; and a light guide plate configured to receive the light of different colors and emits the light toward a plurality of viewpoints.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are eyewear and system for encoding and decoding images with spectral division or hybrid spectral division/polarization. The disclosed eyewear may include interference filters and circular polarizer optically following the interference filters to reduce the reflection of scatter light from the viewer.

Abstract: A laser pulse modulation device is disclosed and includes a first laser source, a second laser source, and a polarizing beam splitter. The first laser source is used to generate a first linearly-polarized pulsed laser beam which oscillates in a direction parallel to a propagation direction thereof. The second laser source is used to generate a second linearly-polarized pulsed laser beam which oscillates in a direction perpendicular to a propagation direction thereof. The polarizing beam splitter is used to overlay the first linearly-polarized pulsed laser beam and the second linearly-polarized pulsed laser beam to form a first combined pulsed laser beam.

Abstract: The birefringent filter unit includes a planar birefringent plate arranged such that the light enters the birefringent plate at an approximate Brewster's angle, a first reflecting member arranged substantially parallel to the birefringent plate to allow the light having passed through the birefringent plate to enter the birefringent plate at the approximate Brewster's angle, and a second reflecting member arranged opposite to the first reflecting member and substantially parallel to the birefringent plate, which allows the light having passed through the birefringent plate after being reflected by the first regulating member to enter the birefringent plate at the approximate Brewster's angle.

Abstract: An optical imaging system having an aperture comprised of a plurality of concentric annuli. The outer radius of each annulus is proportional to the square root of the number of annuli. Each annulus also having an azimuthally linearly increasing phase profile comprising for a given light wavelength. The system also includes a birefringent plate and the aperture and birefringent plate are adapted to jointly encode the full spatial and polarimetric degrees of freedom of a point source.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lens driving device. The lens driving device includes a lens carrier for maintaining a lens, a base for supporting the lens carrier, an first electromagnetic drive mechanism and an second electromagnetic drive mechanism which are mounted between the lens carrier and the base, and a front side spring component and a back side spring component which are connected with each other through connecting components. One of the front and back side spring components is connected with the lens carrier, the other of which is connected with the base. The lens driving device is difficult to damage when suffering from external force and is capable of playing the auto focus and shaking functions correction stably.

Abstract: A glasses structure is provided. A nose pad of the glasses structure includes a bendable device and a nose pad body covering the bendable device, wherein the nose pad body and the bendable device have a coupling device disposed on respective ends thereof. The coupling device of the nose pad body and the coupling device of the bendable device cooperatively constitute a coupling structure. A glasses frame of the glasses structure has a lens insertion trench on one side thereof, and the glasses frame has a containing trench which is connected to the lens insertion trench. The coupling device of the nose pad is detachably coupled to the containing trench of the glasses frame. At least a lens is inserted into the lens insertion trench and leans against the coupling structure in the containing trench to confine the coupling structure.

Abstract: A frame for spectacles includes a front frame with lateral projections for articulation of respective temple arms and articulation means between each projection and the corresponding temple projection for articulated connection of the temple projection to the front frame. The articulation means includes a resiliently yielding element independent of the projection and the temple arm. The element having a first extremity attached to the temple arm and a second opposite extremity engaged with predetermined play in an opening passing through the projection. The opening distanced from the free edge of the projection facing the temple arm such that the portion of the projection extending between the edge and the opening remains held between the resilient element and the temple arm in order to perform a hinge movement between the projection and the temple arm through relative movement of the second extremity of the resilient element in the opening.

Abstract: A color-coded eyeglasses identification system includes a plurality of identification components; at least one eyeglass frame; and a color code placard, including color code designators and designations. A color of an identification component is associated with a characteristic of an eyeglass frame, including an optical power or an owner. When an identification component is installed on an eyeglass frame, a user can identify a characteristic of the eyeglass frame by the installed identification component. Further disclosed is a color-coded eyeglasses apparatus, including an eyeglass frame and at least one identification component.

Abstract: An eyeglasses structure enabling image enhancement comprises a frame body, two lens bodies jointed with the frame body, at least two transparent displays and at least one or else more than one image capture devices, wherein the interior of the frame body is connected to a processor used to perform image clarification processes on the image captured by the image capture device and forwardly extended from the frame body in order to improve its resolution, and also output the synchronously clarified image to the transparent display such that the image actually seen by the eyeball of a user through the lens body can overlap with the synchronously clarified image shown on the two transparent displays thereby sharpening the scenery image observed by the eyeball of the user through the lens body.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method (20) for correcting an individual behaviour for using a pair of spectacles in optimized conditions, said individual wearing frame (4). According to the invention said method comprises the following steps:—a step (24) of determining parameters that characterize the behavioural conditions of the individual using correcting means securely fastened to the frame of the frame (4) in the preceding various situations for a set time;—a step (26) of comparing said parameters with preset reference values; and—a step (28) of correcting the behaviour of the individual using detecting means (1) that are securely fastened to the said frame (4), and that trigger when the difference between a parameter and the corresponding reference value diverges beyond a preset threshold value.

Abstract: Provided is a silicon-based electro-optic modulator which is small in size and capable of high speed operation. A first silicon semiconductor layer (120) doped to exhibit a first type of conductivity and a second semiconductor layer (160) doped to exhibit a second type of conductivity are at least partly stacked together, and a relatively thin dielectric (150) is formed at the interface between the stacked first and second silicon semiconductor layers (120, 160). The first silicon semiconductor layer (120) has a rib waveguide shape (130) comprising a rib portion (131) and slab portions (132). A first heavily doped region (140) formed by a high concentration doping process is arranged at a location, in the first silicon semiconductor layer (120), neighboring to each of the slab portions (132). The first heavily doped region (140) has almost the same height as that of the rib portion (131) of the rib waveguide (130).

Abstract: [Task] Reduction in crosstalk between signal electrodes. [Means for Resolution] An optical modulator 1 includes a relay substrate 3 including a substrate portion 30, and signal electrodes 31 and 32, and a ground electrode 33 which are provided on the substrate portion 30, and an optical waveguide substrate 4 including an electrode-optical substrate 40, signal electrodes 431 and 432, and an optical waveguide 42 which are provided on the electro-optical substrate 40.

Abstract: A device may include a substrate. The device may include an optical waveguide formed in or on the substrate. The device may include a signal electrode extending along a longitudinal axis. The signal electrode may include a first portion with a proximal end that is proximal to the optical waveguide, to induce a signal from the signal electrode to the optical waveguide. The signal electrode may include a second portion, at least partially attached to or continuous with a distal end of the first portion. The device may include one or more ground electrodes that form an enclosure. The enclosure may enclose the signal electrode with regard to a side of the substrate in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A modulator may include a substrate. The modulator may include one or more waveguides formed upon or formed in the substrate. A signal electrode may be provided adjacent to at least one of the one or more waveguides and may include a curved outer surface. The modulator may include one or more ground electrodes provided adjacent to the signal electrode. Each ground electrode, of the one or more ground electrodes, may include a respective curved inner surface that is radially spaced from the curved outer surface of the signal electrode. The one or more ground electrodes and the substrate may at least substantially enclose the curved outer surface of the signal electrode.

Abstract: The invention refers to a technical field of display device producing, and discloses a composite repairing apparatus for liquid crystal display panel. The repairing device has a repairing device, which includes a gantry slidably assembled on the lighting device, which gantry being slidably assembled with a observation camera, a metal line repairing laser and a repairing laser employing black matrix diffusion; a driving device for driving the gantry to slide and driving the observation camera, the metal line repairing laser and the repairing laser employing black matrix diffusion to slide; a control device, for determining the positions of the defects in the panel according to the displayed images collected by the observation camera, and controlling the metal line repairing laser and the repairing laser employing black matrix diffusion to repair the panel defects.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a liquid crystal photo-alignment device. The liquid crystal photo-alignment device includes two parallel guide rails, a platform sandwiched between the two guide rails, a support assembly slidably mounted on the two guide rails, and a cleaning assembly mounted to the support assembly. The platform has a supporting surface for supporting a LCD panel. Each support assembly includes a supporting beam across the platform, two supporting arms extending from opposite ends of the supporting beam, and two sliders connected to the respective supporting arms. The sliders are slidably mounted in the guide rails. The cleaning assembly faces toward the platform and is configured to clean up foreign objects on the platform.

Abstract: A system for controlling adhesion between a touch panel (TP) and a liquid crystal display (LCD). The system includes a controlling module, an adhering roller, and a limiting device. The controlling module is configured to determine a first moving speed of the adhering roller and a second moving speed of the limiting device. The adhering roller is configured to roll along a first direction from a first side of the TP to a second side of the TP at the first moving speed. The limiting device is configured to move along a second direction at the second moving speed and prevent the TP from moving with respect to the LCD.

Abstract: The present application relates to an optical element. The exemplary optical element may have a variable transmittance by whether an external signal is applied or not. Also, since the optical element may apply the external signal by using a composite layer having a low transmittance to light in an infrared region, the optical element may block heat, and save energy. Such an optical element may be usefully employed in various optical devices, for example, a sunroof.

Abstract: A display device (1) includes a display panel (10), a switch liquid crystal panel (20), and a control unit (40). The switch liquid crystal panel (20) includes a transparent electrode (2) provided in an active area (AA) on at least one of a first substrate (21) and a second substrate (22), and a metal line (3) provided outside the active area (AA) on at least one of the first substrate (21) and the second substrate (22), along four sides of the active area (AA).

Abstract: A display panel, a fabrication method and a display device thereof are provided. The display panel includes: an array substrate; a color filter substrate, cell-assembled with the array substrate and including a black matrix; a plurality of light-shielding strips, disposed on a side of the color filter substrate away from the array substrate; an electrode, sandwiching the plurality of light-shielding strips, wherein the black matrix includes a plurality of matrix strips, and each of the plurality of light-shielding strips corresponds to one of the matrix strips of the black matrix, and the light-shielding strip is made of polymer dispersed liquid crystal material or electrochromic material. In this way, a high aperture ratio is ensured while a viewing angle of a display device is increased. Meanwhile, a brightness of the display device is increased, and an image quality is improved.