Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for producing hydrocarbons from biomass. The method is particularly useful for producing substitute natural gas from forestry residues. Certain disclosed embodiments convert a biomass feedstock into a product hydrocarbon by fast pyrolysis. The resulting pyrolysis gas is converted to the product hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide in the presence of hydrogen and steam while simultaneously generating the required hydrogen by reaction with steam under prescribed conditions for self-sufficiency of hydrogen. Methane is a preferred hydrocarbon product. A system also is disclosed for cycling the catalyst between steam reforming, methanation and regeneration zones.

Abstract: A process for producing compacted torrefied biomass from pre-processed biomass. The process includes drying the pre-processed biomass in a dryer with heater exhaust gas from a heater, yielding dried biomass; torrefying the dried biomass with heat generated by the heater; compacting and pre-cooling the torrefied biomass in a cooling compactor and further cooling the compacted torrefied biomass in a cooling tunnel, yielding the compacted torrefied biomass.

Abstract: A composition comprises the reaction product of a dithiophosphate derivative and an amine. The reaction product is present in the composition in an amount of at least about 25 wt. %. The composition may include additional components. A method of forming the composition comprises the step of combining the dithiophosphate derivative and the amine to form the composition. A method of increasing thermal stability of a dithiophosphate derivative comprises the step of combining the dithiophosphate derivative and an amine. The dithiophosphate derivative can decompose to form hydrogen sulfide (H2S). However, the amine substantially prevents thermal decomposition of the dithiophosphate derivative. An example of the dithiophosphate derivative is 3-(di-isobutoxy-thiophosphorylsulfanyl)-2-methyl-propanoic acid. An example of the amine is ditridecyl amine. The composition can be used for a variety of applications.

Abstract: The lubricating oil composition for spark-ignition internal combustion engine according to the present invention is a lubricating oil composition to be used for a spark-ignition internal combustion engine including a piston having a piston ring, in which a total tension per piston of tensions applied to the piston ring is 30 N or less, the lubricating oil composition being a lubricating oil composition comprising a base oil, (A) an organic metal-based additive containing an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal, and (B) an organic zinc-based additive, wherein a concentration of the component (A) on a basis of the total amount of the lubricating oil composition is 0.15% by mass or less as converted into a metal content; a concentration of the component (B) on a basis of the total amount of the lubricating oil composition is 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of lubricant, and specifically provides a lubricant composition and its preparation method and use. The lubricant composition comprises a base oil and rubber particles having radiation crosslinked structure dispersed therein, wherein the base oil is continuous phase and the rubber particles are dispersed phase. The viscosity of the lubricant composition of the present invention can be effectively adjusted as temperature changes. As compared with the lubricant composition comprising chemically crosslinked rubber particles, it has a lower viscosity at low temperatures and a higher viscosity at high temperatures, and has a relatively high viscosity index, which can meet the application requirements at the temperature above 200° C. In addition, the lubricant composition of the present invention also has excellent antiwear and friction-reducing properties.

Abstract: A method for the preservation of a machine element, in which, after the production and before the installation and/or start-up of the machine element, a preservative is applied on the surface thereof, wherein an ionic liquid is used as a preservative is provided.

Abstract: A method for continuous purification of motor lubricant oil includes circulating lubricant oil between a motor lubricant oil tank and a motor; transporting contaminated lubricant oil from the motor lubricant oil tank in a cleaning loop. The transport in the cleaning loop includes adding at least one liquid separation aid to contaminated lubricant oil; supplying contaminated lubricant oil to a three-phase centrifugal separator; continuously separating contaminants from the lubricant oil in the separator and continuously discharging a first liquid phase including purified lubricant oil from a liquid light phase outlet of the separator, continuously discharging a second liquid phase including solid contaminants from a liquid heavy phase outlet of the separator and continuously discharging a sludge phase from a sludge outlet by the aid of a conveyor screw of the three-phase separator. The method further includes transporting the first liquid phase including purified oil back to the lubricant oil tank.

Abstract: A perfume composition includes groups of perfume components that produce enhanced sensory performance. The composition includes components that have synergistic odor properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to a class of novel surfactants that have utility in the recovery and/or extraction of oil.

Abstract: A consumer product composition comprises a non-porous dissolvable solid structure comprising a carrier material and at least about 5%, by weight of said consumer product composition, of a hydrophobic conditioning agent disposed within said carrier material.

Abstract: A consumer product composition comprises a non-porous dissolvable solid structure comprising a carrier material and a hydrophobic conditioning agent disposed within the carrier material, wherein the hydrophobic conditioning agent has a mean particle size of from about 2 ?m to about 2000 ?m.

Abstract: A consumer product composition comprises a non-porous dissolvable solid structure comprising a carrier material and a hydrophobic conditioning agent disposed within the carrier material, wherein the hydrophobic conditioning agent has a viscosity at 25° C. of at least about 0.01 Pa·s.

Abstract: A consumer product composition comprises a non-porous dissolvable solid structure comprising a carrier material having a viscosity at 70° C., and a hydrophobic conditioning agent having a viscosity at 70° C. The hydrophobic conditioning agent is disposed within the carrier material of the non-porous dissolvable solid structure. A ratio of the viscosity of the hydrophobic conditioning agent at 70° C. to the viscosity of the carrier material at 70° C. is from about 1000:1 to about 1:1000.

Abstract: A consumer product composition comprises a non-porous dissolvable solid structure comprising from about 30% to about 95%, by weight of the consumer product composition, of a carrier material, and from about 5% to about 50%, by weight of the consumer product composition, of a hydrophobic conditioning agent disposed within the carrier material of the non-porous dissolvable solid structure. The carrier material comprises a polyethylene glycol material, or mixtures thereof, having a molecular weight of from about 200 to about 50,000. The hydrophobic conditioning agent is selected from the group consisting of silicone materials, organic conditioning oils, hydrocarbon oils, fatty esters, metathesized unsaturated polyol esters, silane-modified oils, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A composition comprising (a) an esterquat that is a quaternized reaction product of an alkanol amine and a fatty acid, wherein from at least 90 wt % to up to 100 wt % of the esterquat is comprised of triesterquat and from 0 wt % to up to 10 wt % of the esterquat is comprised of at least one of monoesterquat and diesterquat, and (b) a cationic surfactant. Also, a method of producing such a composition and a method of softening a fabric, and increasing fragrance delivery, comprising treating the fabric with the composition.

Abstract: A mixture of ethanol and lactate esters have enhanced cleaning properties for food and biological processing applications and this mixture retains bacteriostatic properties during the cleaning process as well as in the used cleaning solutions after rinsing and dilution with water.

Abstract: Embodiments provided herein describe methods and chemical solutions for cleaning photomasks. A photomask is provided. The photomask is exposed to a chemical solution. The chemical solution includes a quaternary ammonium hydroxide. The quaternary ammonium hydroxide may include at least one of tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide (TEAH), tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide (TPAH), or a combination thereof. The photomask may be an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography photomask.

Abstract: A substrate or coating is provided that includes a protease with enzymatic activity toward a component of a biological stain. Also provided is a process for facilitating the removal of a biological stain is provided wherein an inventive substrate or coating including a protease is capable of enzymatically degrading of one or more components of the biological stain to facilitate biological stain removal from the substrate or said coating.

Abstract: The present application relates processes that can be used to produce encapsulated benefit agents comprising a core and a shell that encapsulates said core, encapsulated benefit agents produced by such process and products comprising such encapsulated benefit agents as well as methods of making and using such products. Such process can be used to produce particles that offer the desired protection and release benefits when used in a varity of products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a disposable tissue paper product which feels dry to the touch and comprises a lathering surfactant in a form capable of forming lather upon contact with water, wherein said tissue paper product is obtainable by applying said lathering surfactant or a composition containing the lathering surfactant to one or more plies of dry tissue paper web, the lathering surfactant is present in an amount of 0.01 to 6 g/m, and, if a composition containing the lathering surfactant is applied, the total amount of non-volatile components of said composition does not exceed 20 wt.-% of the dry weight of said one or more tissue paper plies, a process for its manufacture and its use in cleaning hard surfaces.

Abstract: A process of making a consumer product composition comprising a non-porous dissolvable solid structure comprises the steps of: providing a carrier material having a melting point of greater than 25° C.; heating the carrier material to a temperature greater than the melting point of the carrier material to form liquefied carrier material; mixing a hydrophobic conditioning agent with the liquefied carrier material to form a melt composition; and cooling the melt composition to a temperature below the melting point of the carrier material to form the non-porous dissolvable solid structure of the consumer product composition. The carrier material and hydrophobic conditioning agent are selected to provide a Modified Capillary Number of less than about 10 with respect to the melt composition of the process.

Abstract: A system and method for carbonating a beverage is disclosed. The system includes a saturation tank having a gas head space of CO2, a carbonation tank, and a beverage supply system to pass the beverage between the saturation tank and the carbonation tank. A beverage supersaturated with CO2 from the head space is formed in the saturation tank. The supersaturated beverage is passed from the saturation tank to the carbonation tank. Once the amount of CO2 added to the beverage exceeds saturation, some of the CO2 escapes from solution from the beverage and the pressure in the carbonation tank increases. Once the pressure within the carbonation tank reaches a pre-defined pressure for the desired volume CO2/volume beverage, a pump supplying the beverage to the saturation tank is shut-off and the inlet and outlet valves of the carbonation tank are closed.

Abstract: A subject moving device includes: a base; a head section provided with vertically movable rods and moving along a prescribed movement path above the base; a first container section which stores a subject of movement; a second container section which receives the subject of movement; a tip stocking section which holds a plurality of tips in a state where the plurality of tips are attachable to the rods, the tips being attachable to and detachable from the rods and being configured to suction the subject of movement and discharge the suctioned subject of movement in accordance with vertical movements of the rods; a lip discarding section which collects the tips having finished the suction and the discharge of the subject of movement and having been detached from the rods; and a control section which controls the vertical movements of the rods and the movement operations of the head section.

Abstract: Bioprocessing container tube management systems, totes including the systems, and methods of using the systems, are disclosed.

Abstract: A cell culture device comprising: a channel having an inlet end for the introduction of a liquid and a bottom surface, wherein said channel is configured for the flow through of said liquid; and a plurality of recesses for containing cells, which are formed on said bottom surface of said channel; wherein said plurality of recesses are closely arranged on said bottom surface of said channel.

Abstract: Described herein are bioreactor support structures configured to be used with containers having different designs, and methods for making and using such bioreactors. The support structures described herein may include two or more agitator motors and control systems or an adjustable-position agitator motor, a removable spacer and/or lid, multiple configurations for ports and probes, and multiple exhaust filter heating blankets. Also described herein are methods of manufacturing a multi-agitator motor or adjustable-position agitator motor bioreactor, as well as methods of modifying an existing support structure to be used with a container not originally designed to be used with the existing support structure, and methods for operating these bioreactors.

Abstract: A filter assembly for separating microcarriers from a fluid medium includes a collapsible container bounding a sterile compartment adapted to hold a fluid. An inlet port is attached to the container through which fluid flows into the compartment. An outlet port is attached to the container through which fluid flows out of the compartment. A filter is disposed within the compartment, the filter dividing the compartment into an inlet chamber that is fluidly coupled with the inlet port and an outlet chamber that is fluidly coupled with the outlet port, the filter allowing a medium to pass therethrough but preventing microcarriers disposed in the medium from passing therethrough.

Abstract: The invention concerns a facility for coupling a bioreactor for culturing bio-organisms, in dynamic mode, with at least one device for physicochemically analyzing a fluid from this bioreactor or collecting samples of this fluid, the device being equipped with a pump and an injector, the bioreactor being equipped with means for supplying culture medium and xenobiotic(s). The facility is remarkable in that the bioreactor is connected to a closed perfusion loop provided with a pump, fitted with a sampling loop and in that the facility comprises: a device for injecting a cleaning product into said sampling loop, two six-way valves, the first valve being connected to the closed perfusion loop, to the sampling loop and to a cleaning loop, the second valve being connected to the cleaning loop and an injection loop that connects the injector to at least one of the devices.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions, tools, methods and devices to culture microorganisms and, in particular, to compositions, tools, methods and devices for the detection of microorganisms in biological samples.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods and systems are described for automating protein production from genetically modified microorganisms. Embodiments provide for growing modified microorganisms to generate protein, releasing the protein and recovering the protein automatically. Also described are embodiments for lysing cells that may be used to as part of an automated system to recover the protein after generation by the microorganisms.

Abstract: Methods of reversal of the binding between a biotin compound and a biotin-binding compound are disclosed. A method of reversibly releasing a biotinylated moiety from a streptavidin (or avidin) coated support is shown as an example. The strong interaction between streptavidin or avidin-biotin is made much weaker by using a combination of modified streptavidin or avidin and modified biotin like desthiobiotin or a derivative thereof like DSB-X Biotin. A protein, such as an antibody may be biotinylated with the modified biotin. When this protein is isolated by binding the modified biotin to the modified streptavidin or avidin bound to an solid surface, it may be released under very gently and very rapid conditions by addition of free biotin. In contrast to proteins obtained by the prior art release methods the protein obtained using the previously available release methods, the proteins obtained using the methods disclosed herein will maintain their native conformation.

Abstract: Materials and methods to enhance extractable natural rubber yields from plants are disclosed. The materials and methods of the present invention can be used with minimal capital investment, and can provide new agricultural, manufacturing, sales, and transport jobs for local economies. The materials and methods described herein can also be used in conjunction with presently known natural rubber extraction methods to enhance extractable natural rubber yields. Also describe herein are methods for producing a crude enzyme extract for use in rubber extraction methods of the present invention.

Abstract: This invention is directed to methods of directly reseeding harvested adherent cells grown in a hollow fiber bioreactor. Also disclosed is a novel harvest media for use in directly reseeding adherent cells into a hollow fiber bioreactor.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of culturing cells using microcarriers that include extracellular matrix (ECM).

Abstract: The present invention relates compounds for stabilizing cells and methods of their use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the directed differentiation of mammalian pluripotent stem cells, especially human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells, into endodermal cells. In particular, the present invention relates to the treatment of mammalian pluripotent stem cells, especially hPS cells, with a DNA demethylating agent while undergoing differentiation into endodermal. The inventors have, as disclosed herein, found that exposing differentiating mammalian pluripotent stem cells, especially hPS cells, to a DNA demethylating agent leads to an improved morphology and improved yield of endodermal cells. The treatment with a DNA de-methylating agent also leads to a significant down-regulation of expression of the stem cell marker Oct4 and to an improved expression of endoderm specific markers, notably sox17, cxcr4 and hhex.

Abstract: There is provided a method of inducing differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells to neural cells or skeletal muscle cells by introduction of a Notch gene. Specifically, the invention provides a method of inducing differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells to neural cells or skeletal muscle cells in vitro, which method comprises introducing a Notch gene and/or a Notch signaling related gene into the cells, wherein the finally obtained differentiated cells are the result of cell division of the bone marrow stromal cells into which the Notch gene and/or Notch signaling related gene have been introduced. The invention also provides a method of inducing, further differentiation of the differentiation-induced neural cells to dopaminergic neurons or acetylcholinergic neurons. The invention yet further provides a treatment method for neurodegenerative and skeletal muscle degenerative diseases which employs neural precursor cells, neural cells or skeletal muscle cells produced by the method of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of inducing differentiation of a stem cell into a corneal limbal stem cell, and a medium composition used therein. Further, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating corneal damage, including a corneal limbal stem cell differentiated using the above-described method as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for rapidly ex vivo expanding and harvesting high-purity of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and the pharmaceutical composition comprising the same. The process of the present invention is characterized by: an overnight culture of mononuclear cells isolated by density gradient centrifugation; and subsequent purification and ex vivo expansion of high-purity hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. The prepared hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells comprise high percentage of clinically effective hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (the CD34+ CD38? cells), and still maintain high viability and effective differential activity after cryopreservation and thawing processes. Besides, for the manufacturing method of the present invention does not use components of animal origin, the harvested hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells can be directly used in clinical applications.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a process or method that can be utilized when deriving a three-dimensional structure of a kidney from pluripotent stem cells such as ES cells or iPS cells. The differentiation inducing method is characterized by culturing pluripotent cells with the following three steps, in order: (a) a step of culturing an embryoid body induced from the pluripotent stem cells in medium containing Bmp4 and a high-concentration (concentration A) Wnt agonist; (b) a step of culturing the embryoid body in medium which contains activin, Bmp4, retinoic acid and a middle-concentration (concentration B) Wnt agonist; and (c) a step of culturing the embryoid body in medium containing Fgf9 and a low-concentration (concentration C) Wnt agonist (herein, the Wnt agonist concentrations is concentration A>concentration B>concentration C).

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a pseudoislet, which method comprises: seeding 1,500 to 5,000 pluripotent stem cells in a cell culture well to prepare an aggregate of said pluripotent stem cells, said aggregate having a predetermined size; and culturing said aggregate in said cell culture well in a nonadherent state, to allow differentiation into cells including pancreatic islet progenitor cells and/or pancreatic islet cells.

Abstract: Described herein is an inactivated viral particle comprising one or more transcription factor proteins packaged within the particle. A method for using the particle to make induced pluripotent stem cells is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polynucleotides from Ostreococcus lucimarinus which code for desaturases and elongases and which can be employed for the recombinant production of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The invention furthermore relates to vectors, host cells and transgenic nonhuman organisms which comprise the polynucleotides, and to the polypeptides encoded by the polynucleotides. Finally, the invention also relates to production processes for the polyunsaturated fatty acids and for oil, lipid and fatty acid compositions.

Abstract: The disclosure provides nucleic acid constructs encoding novel chimeric peptides that are useful for nuclear and chloroplast expression of active nitrogenase components including dinitrogenase reductase and dinitrogenase, in plant cells. The disclosure thus provides nucleic acid constructs encoding the chimeric proteins, as well as plant expression constructs comprising the same for expression and/or targeting to the nucleus, plastids, or mitochondria of plant cells. The disclosure also provides methods of use for the novel chimeric peptides that function to provide active dinitrogenase reductase, dinitrogenase, and thus nitrogenase, expressed in plant cells, and plants comprising such nucleic acid constructs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mutant transaminase with increased transaminase activity relative to the wild-type transaminase, a fusion protein comprising the transaminase, a polynucleotide coding for the transaminase, a host cell comprising the polynucleotide, mutant transaminase and/or fusion protein, a method of producing an amine with the mutant transaminase or fusion protein and the use of the mutant transaminase or fusion protein for the production of an amine.

Abstract: Provided herein are mutant DNA-dependent polymerases which are derived from, or otherwise related to, wild type RB69 DNA polymerase. These mutant polymerases are capable of selectively binding labeled nucleotides. These mutant polymerases are also capable of incorporating a variety of naturally occurring and modified nucleotides, including, for example, terminator nucleotides.

Abstract: There is provided an enzyme which has an activity of cleaving a phosphodiester bond of deoxyribonucleotide having a damaged base and deoxyribonucleotide adjacent to the 5? side of the deoxyribonucleotide in DNA strands which contain the damaged base as a reagent or the like for manipulating a gene, and further provided a method of removing a damaged base from DNA strands using the enzyme.

Abstract: Some aspects of this disclosure provide strategies, systems, reagents, methods, and kits that are useful for the targeted editing of nucleic acids, including editing a single site within the genome of a cell or subject, e.g., within the human genome. In some embodiments, fusion proteins of Cas9 and nucleic acid editing enzymes or enzyme domains, e.g., deaminase domains, are provided. In some embodiments, methods for targeted nucleic acid editing are provided. In some embodiments, reagents and kits for the generation of targeted nucleic acid editing proteins, e.g., fusion proteins of Cas9 and nucleic acid editing enzymes or domains, are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for degrading or converting a cellulosic material and for producing a substance from a cellulosic material.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an enzyme-composition for hydrolyzing biomass containing comprising at least one cellulase, at least one hemicellulases and/or at least one pectinases. In a further aspect, the present invention is directed to a process for hydrolyzing biomass implementing this enzyme-composition and the use of the enzyme-composition for hydrolyzing biomass.