Abstract: Provided is a light source apparatus including a plurality of semiconductor light sources that output beams of light having different wavelengths; a plurality of light collimating portions that convert the respective beams of light output from these light sources to collimated light beams; a combining portion that combines the plurality of collimated beams produced by these light collimating portions into a single light path; a light guide whose entrance end is disposed in the single light path; a focusing portion that focuses the collimated beams combined by the combining portion onto the entrance end; and a light-distribution-characteristics adjusting portion that adjusts beam diameters of the plurality of beams of light so that numerical apertures of the plurality of beams of light incident on the entrance end become substantially equal.

Abstract: An optical system for light energy concentration may comprise a light concentrator including two or more light-converging elements, a light splitting element to receive the converging light from the light-converging elements and to produce light having a first spectral component and light having a second spectral component, and a light directing element to direct the light having the first spectral component through a light guide and to direct the light having the second spectral component to a location external to the light guide.

Abstract: An auto stereo display system for subway tunnel is disclosed. When a train is traveling through the tunnel at high speed, passengers can see stereo images outside the window by the system. The system is composed of LED light columns that vertically aligned at equal distance on the tunnel wall. Each LED light column is composed of multiple columns of LEDs and slit gratings. When the LEDs are changing with the changing instant speed of multi viewing angle image pixel array and the train, the passengers can see stereo image without glasses. The display system is specially applicable for business advertisement and nonprofit propagation in subway tunnel.

Abstract: The display device includes an image display the screen of which includes a plurality of sub-pixels of three primary colors R, G and B for displaying a 2D image and a 3D image; and a DFD-PDLC lenticular lens array which includes a plurality of parallel DFD-PDLC lenticular lens elements, wherein the direction of the long axis of each of the DFD-PDLC lenticular lens elements is vertical or slant to the screen of an image display, the DFD-PDLC lenticular lens array is installed in front of the screen of the image display, the optical refractive index of the DFD-PDLC lenticular lens elements is variated under the drive of an external drive voltage V(f) to switch between the display of a 2D image and the display of a 3D image on the screen of the image display, wherein f is the drive frequency of the external drive voltage.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical valve or light valve for providing large area collimated illumination from localized light sources, and system and method thereof for 2D, 3D, and/or autostereoscopic displays. An optical valve may include a stepped structure, in which the steps include separated extraction features which may be optically hidden to light propagating in a first direction. Light propagating in a second direction may be refracted, diffracted, or reflected by the features to provide illumination beams exiting from the top surface of the optical valve. Such controlled illumination may provide for efficient, multi-user autostereoscopic displays as well as improved 2D display functionality.

Abstract: A DLP optical structure and corresponding method of controlling it are described including an optical integrator system having an optical integrator, a relay lens system, a TIR prism assembly, a digital imager, and a projection lens, said optical structure being adapted to accept a polarized light beam, said DLP optical structure comprising: at least one retarder positioned after said optical integrator for controlling the polarization state throughout said DLP optical structure, and achieving the desired polarization state after said projection lens; wherein said desired polarization state is substantially linear or circular. A DLP optical structure is also described including an optical integrator, a relay lens system, a TIR prism assembly, a digital imager and a projection lens, wherein the integrator is a fly-eye integrator for maintaining an input polarization of a light beam, and wherein said input polarization is linear or circular.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light source for a projector system, and method of operating the light source as well as a projector system that provides: i. a substantially uniform brightness across the surface of an image modulator, and ii. at each point of the surface of the image modulator a more uniform filling of the available angular space. Embodiments of the present invention use a laser light source for use with an image modulator, the light source emitting light with multiple wavelengths for at least one primary color and a light integrator system that for each of the wavelengths is adapted to provide: i. a substantially uniform brightness across the surface of the image modulator, and ii. at each point of the surface of the image modulator a more uniform filling of the available angular space.

Abstract: An elastic hinge for spectacles includes a first hinge component having two chip elements connected together by means of being partially overlapped, and a second hinge component having two chip elements superimposed together. One chip element in the first hinge component is connected with the chip element of the second hinge component. A gap is disposed at the joint of one chip element of the first hinge component and one chip element of the second hinge component. Movable space is formed between the first hinge component and the second hinge component, so that the hinge elastically moves inwards or outwards. The elastic hinge is installed after the trim and the arm of the spectacles. Relying on the mutually smart cooperation of the components, the arm of the spectacles can have functions of bounding inwards and outwards without the help of any slingshot element, and has good durability.

Abstract: This invention discloses methods of manufacture and use of an energized Ophthalmic Device with an incorporated Storage Mode for a power source, the method of manufacturing said device, and a method of activation that may restore the power source to an operational mode.

Abstract: Electrochromic eyewear that include a removable electrochromic lens are provided herein.

Abstract: The disclosure is related to a polymerizable composition for coloring contact lens, comprising a composite colorant and at least one hydrophilic monomer. The composite colorant is produced by a reaction of a colorant precursor and a (methyl)methacryloxy group-containing silane coupling agent. The colorant precursor is produced by a reaction of a metal oxide and a siloxane compound under alkaline solution.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems and methods for wearable devices such as eyewear are described. According to one embodiment, the wearable device includes a body, electronics, and a connector. The body is configured to hold one or more optical elements, the body being disposable between a collapsed condition and a wearable condition in which the device is wearable by a user to hold the one or more optical elements within user view. The electronics are carried by the body. The connector is configured to enable establishment of an electrical and/or electronic connection with the electronics via the connector, the connector being housed by the body such that the connector is substantially obscured from view when the body is in the wearable condition, and such that the connector is exposed for connective access when the body is in the collapsed condition.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems and methods for wearable devices such as eyewear are described. According to one embodiment, the wearable device can include a frame, a temple, electronics, and a linkage assembly. The frame can have two opposing connection portions and the temple can be adapted to selectively interface with one of the two connection portions. The electronics can be mounted to at least one of the temple and the frame. The linkage assembly can be pivotally coupled at a first end portion to the temple and pivotally coupled at a second end portion to the one of the two connection portions. The linkage assembly can be configured for movement of the temple between a wearable position and a folded position.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for determining an ophthalmic lens. In one implementation, three-dimensional coordinates of a center of rotation of the wearer's eye measured on the wearer in binocular vision are received. At least one direction of gaze measured in a natural posture and a determined position of the ophthalmic lens are received. Characteristics of the ophthalmic lens are calculated by using the coordinates measured for the center of rotation of the eye, the determined position of the lens, and the at least one direction of gaze measured in a natural posture. The characteristics of the ophthalmic lens are calculated by positioning a starting ophthalmic lens in the determined position and modifying the starting ophthalmic lens by wavefront analysis and/or optimizing using ray tracing dependent on the coordinates measured for the center of rotation of the eye and the determined position of the lens.

Abstract: A display device, including a display panel displaying an image; a cover receiving the display panel therein; and a protective layer between the display panel and the cover and including a chromic material.

Abstract: An integrated optical linewidth reduction system detects/estimates the phase noise of an incoming optical signal and subtracts the detected phase noise from the phase noise of the incoming signal. A first coupler/splitter of the linewidth reduction system may split the incoming signal into first and second optical signals travelling through first and second optical paths. A second coupler/splitter may split the second optical signal into third and fourth optical signals travelling through third and fourth optical paths. The third optical path has a longer propagation delay than the fourth optical path. Two different coupling ratios of the third and fourth optical signals are used to generate an electrical signal representative of the phase noise of the incoming signal. A phase detector/estimator estimates the phase noise from the electrical signal. A phase modulator subtracts the detected/estimated phase noise from the phase noise of the incoming signal.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling the phase of electromagnetic waves are disclosed. A device can consist of a guided resonance grating layer, a spacer, and a reflector. A plurality of devices, arranged in a grid pattern, can control the phase of reflected electromagnetic phase, through refractive index control. Carrier injection, temperature control, and optical beams can be applied to control the refractive index.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a magneto-optical material containing as a main component an oxide that includes a terbium oxide and having a large Verdet constant at a wavelength in the 1.06 ?m region (0.9 to 1.1 ?m) and high transparency, and to provide a small-sized optical isolator suitably used in a fiber laser for a processing machine. The magneto-optical material of the present invention contains an oxide represented by Formula (I), TbxR1?x)2O3, where x satisfies 0.4?×?1.0 and R includes at least one element selected from the group consisting of scandium, yttrium, and lanthanoid elements other than terbium, at a content of at least 99 wt %.

Abstract: Provided is a display room mirror which is configured such that a display module, which includes: one or more light emitting units formed on a printed circuit board; a resin layer is formed on the light emitting units so that the light emitting units are embedded in the resin layer; a liquid crystal panel formed on the resin layer, is disposed on a rear surface the room mirror, thereby reducing an entire thickness and improving a degree of freedom in design.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a first substrate, a second substrate disposed so as to face the first substrate and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and the second substrates, the first substrate including: a display area portion in which a plurality of pixels are arranged in a manner of a matrix; and a frame edge area lying outside the display area portion, the frame edge area including a peripheral circuit configured to drive the plurality of pixels of the display area portion, the peripheral circuit having at least one transistor, wherein a channel area of the transistor is covered with a conductive layer via an inorganic insulating layer, the inorganic insulating layer and the conductive layer being stacked in a direction orthogonal to a surface of the first substrate in the stated order, and a predetermined negative potential is applied to the conductive layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display unit includes: an insulating substrate; a counter insulating substrate; a liquid crystal put between the insulating substrate and the counter insulating substrate; a pixel matrix including plural pixels; and a peripheral circuit including a control section and an output section, for driving a gate line of a pixel TFT in each of the pixels. The pixel matrix and the peripheral circuit are integrally formed above the insulating substrate such that the output section is located closer to the pixel matrix than the control section. The liquid crystal display unit further comprises a light shielding metal disposed at an insulating-substrate side of the pixel TFT in each pixel, and a light shielding metal disposed at an insulating-substrate side of each TFT at least in the output section among TFTs in the peripheral circuit.

Abstract: A display device includes a display module, an outer frame, an active engaging unit, and a passive engaging unit. The display module has at least one side surface. The outer frame surrounds the display module and has last least one inner surface facing the side surface, wherein a gap is formed between the inner surface and the side surface. The active engaging unit extends from the display module into the gap and further extends along the gap. The passive engaging unit is disposed on the inner surface and protrudes toward the side surface. The active engaging unit engages with the passive engaging unit to restrict the relative movement between the display device and the outer frame.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display panel and manufacturing method thereof. The manufacturing method comprises: coating a photoresist layer; exposing the photoresist layer through a first mask and a second mask such that the black matrices with different widths are formed, wherein, along a direction extended from a middle area to a two-side area of the liquid crystal display panel, transmittances of the second transparent regions of the second mask are successively increased such that the width of the black matrices are successively increased. By doing so, the present invention makes the brightness displayed by the liquid crystal display panel be uniform such that the two-side whitening occurred while displaying on the liquid crystal display panel can be reduced or eliminated.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes first and second substrates with liquid crystal sandwiched therebetween. A first blue, a red, a green, and a second blue color filters are disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and arranged in a first direction. First to third light blocking films are respectively disposed between the first blue and the red color filters, between the red and the green color filters, and between the green and the second blue color filters. A distance Lr between a first central line of a part of the first light blocking film and a second central line of a width the second light blocking film is larger than a distance Lg between the second central line and a third central line of a width of the third blocking film.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal display device includes array substrate, counter substrate and liquid crystal layer. The array substrate includes a plurality of pixel electrodes, a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of source lines, a plurality of switching elements, a gate driver, and a source driver. The counter substrate includes a color filter. In each frame period, gradation signals of given polarity are applied to a plurality of pixel electrodes facing the transparent filter, while gradation signals of the reverse polarity are applied to a plurality of pixel electrodes facing the green filter.

Abstract: The invention relates to an acrylic adhesive composition, more particularly, to an adhesive composition which: specifies the contents of a (meth)acrylic ester-based monomer and an aromatic group-containing monomer of an acrylic copolymer as a composition having little or no difference of birefringence; has excellent durability; and can reduce light leakage due to flexure by mixing a crosslinkable functional group-containing acrylic copolymer (A) and an acrylic copolymer (B) which does not contain the crosslinkable functional group, in a ratio of 1:9 to 5:5.

Abstract: Disclosed is a planar lighting device and more particularly, a planar lighting device including a light emitting device. The planar lighting device includes a plurality of light sources arranged on a first surface of a circuit substrate, the light sources mounted thereon, a light regulator disposed in an edge of the first surface, the light regulator regulating luminance difference caused by difference in distance between a plurality of light sources close to the edge, and an optical sheet disposed on the light sources.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a liquid crystal panel; a light source device; a light source device accommodating member having a flat light source disposition portion, and a frame portion located in a periphery of the light source disposition portion to enclose the light source device; a frame-shaped member having an edge portion including a first part which overlays a non-display region and a second part located outside the non-display region, and an outer periphery part enclosing a side surface of a first substrate, a side surface of a second substrate, and the frame portion of the light source device accommodating member; and a spacer disposed between the frame portion and the outer periphery part, the light source device accommodating member, the frame-shaped member, and the spacer being fixed by a fixing member which penetrates the frame portion, the spacer, and the outer periphery part.

Abstract: Provided is a backlight unit including a printed circuit board, a light-emitting diode package, a diffusion plate, and a reflection sheet. The light-emitting diode package including a light-emitting part configured to generate a first light. The diffusion plate includes a first diffusion pattern provided on a first region corresponding to the light-emitting diode package and a second diffusion pattern provided on a second region to have a transmittance higher than that of the first diffusion pattern. The reflection sheet includes an absorption pigment configured to absorb a fraction of the first light with a specific wavelength and converting the first light to a second light, and the reflection sheet is configured to reflect the second light toward the first diffusion pattern. The backlight unit can have improved color coordinate uniformity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a display device with slimness and narrowness, wherein the display device may include a liquid crystal panel; a light source for providing light to the liquid crystal panel; a light guide formed of a glass material, wherein the light source is combined with one side of the light guide; a reflector formed on at least one of one and the other surfaces of the light guide, wherein the reflector includes an organic material and a metal compound; and an adhesive member formed on the one surface of the light guide confronting the liquid crystal panel, and configured to attach the liquid crystal panel and the light guide to each other.

Abstract: The present invention prevents the shaving of an alignment film caused by a columnar spacer in a liquid crystal display device of an IPS method using photo-alignment. A plinth higher than a pixel electrode is formed at a part where a columnar spacer formed over a counter substrate touches a TFT substrate. When an alignment film of a double-layered structure is applied over the pixel electrode and the plinth, the thickness of the alignment film over the plinth reduces by a leveling effect. When photo-alignment is applied in the state, a photodegraded upper alignment film over the plinth disappears and a lower alignment film having a high mechanical strength remains. As a result, it is possible to prevent the shaving of the alignment film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is fabricated by forming a first alignment layer on a first base substrate. A second alignment layer is formed on a second base substrate. A liquid crystal is disposed on one of the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer. The first base substrate and the second base substrate are combined. At least one of the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer is formed by forming an alignment solution on a corresponding base substrate. An alignment layer is formed by curing the alignment solution. The alignment layer is aligned by radiating a light onto the base substrate, first cleaning the base substrate, and baking the alignment layer.

Abstract: A display device includes a lower display panel, an upper display panel facing the lower display panel, a metal oxide layer surrounding outermost surfaces of the upper display panel and the lower display panel, and a barrier layer surrounding the metal oxide layer. The barrier layer includes a self-assembled monolayer.

Abstract: A technique for attaining both improvement of edge rectilinearity of an alignment film and reduction of unevenness is provided. A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate on which a first alignment film is formed, a second substrate on which a second alignment film is formed, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates. A material forming a frame arranged to surround the first alignment film inside a seal member with which the first and second substrates are bonded to each other is a highly water repellent organic material having a low solubility in an application liquid for forming the first alignment film.

Abstract: A display may have a color filter layer and a thin-film transistor layer. A layer of liquid crystal material may be located between the color filter layer and the thin-film transistor layer. Column spacers may be formed on the color filter layer to maintain a desired gap between the color filter and thin-film transistor layers. Support pads may be used to support the column spacers. The column spacers and support pads may have comparable thicknesses. Different column spacers may be located at different portions of the support pads to allow the support pad size to be reduced while ensuring adequate support.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display that can suppress generation of defects even when attachment misalignment of substrates is generated, and that is advantageous in providing high definition. The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display including: a first substrate; a second substrate; and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates, the first substrate including an interlayer insulating film in which multiple openings are formed on the same straight line, the interlayer insulating film including multiple curved portions each provided with a curved upper surface, the curved portions each positioned between two adjacent openings, the second substrate provided with a spacer facing at least one of the curved portions, the spacer being longer in a first direction than in a second direction wherein the first direction is a direction parallel to the straight line, and the second direction is orthogonal to the first direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a display substrate, an opposite substrate coupled to and facing the display substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the display substrate and the opposite substrate. The display substrate includes a gate line extending in a first direction, a data line extending in a second direction crossing the first direction, a shielding electrode disposed along the data line covering the data line, a protruding electrode extending from the shielding electrode partially covering the gate line, and a pixel electrode electrically insulated from the shielding electrode and configured to receive a signal from the gate and data lines.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display element including: a first substrate which includes a first electrode; a second substrate which is disposed to oppose the first substrate and includes a second electrode; and a liquid crystal layer which is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, in which at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode includes a plurality of openings which are elongated in a first direction and are adjacent to each other along the first direction, and when two openings of the plurality of openings which are adjacent to each other along the first direction are viewed, one of opening widths of opposing portions is large and the other thereof is small.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display according to an embodiment includes: a lower panel including a pixel electrode having a first subpixel electrode and a second subpixel electrode and an insulating layer between the first subpixel electrode and the second subpixel electrode; an upper panel including a common electrode; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the lower panel and the upper panel. The first subpixel electrode includes a first plate portion, a first stem having a cross portion extending from the first plate portion and a protrusion extending from the cross portion, and a plurality of first branches extending from the first plate portion and the first stem. The second subpixel electrode includes a second plate portion having an opening and a plurality of second branches extending from the second plate portion. The cross portion does not overlap with the second plate portion. The protrusion overlaps with the second plate portion.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate includes pixels, some of the pixels are disposed in a first area and some of the pixels are disposed in a second area. The second substrate is spaced apart from and coupled to the first substrate. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. Each pixel is associated with a viewing angle, an imaginary line extending from a center of the viewing angle, and an angle between a surface of the first substrate and the imaginary line. The angle of a pixel disposed in the first area differs from the angle of a pixel disposed in the second area.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention provides a display panel comprising a liquid crystal layer and a plurality of pixel units; the pixel units comprise at least two electrode units; the electrode units comprise an IPS mode electrode unit and an ADS mode electrode unit; the IPS mode electrode unit has an electrode angle different from an electrode angle of the ADS mode electrode unit. The present invention further provides a display device comprising the display panel.

Abstract: A circuit board includes a driver circuit for driving a pixel and an external connection terminal, on a substrate. The circuit board includes a wiring that is arranged just below the external connection terminal, and in a layer lower than the external connection terminal to overlap therewith.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device as an electro-optical device includes an image signal line which is supplied with an image signal, a data line, and sampling transistors (S-TFT) as first and second transistors which are electrically connected between the data line and the image signal line and supply the image signal to the data line, where at least two types of S-TFTs are provided so that the overlapping amounts where gate electrodes of the S-TFTs and first data line overlap are different. Due to this, parasitic capacitance occurs between the gate electrode and the data line, it is possible to adjust the structural parasitic capacitance of each data line by the overlapping amounts being different, and it is possible to improve the display irregularities in series as streaks.

Abstract: Provided are a slimmer liquid crystal display (LCD) and a display apparatus set having the same. The LCD includes: a liquid crystal panel having sides; a light guide plate (LGP) which is overlapped by the liquid crystal panel; a container accommodating the LGP; a printed circuit board (PCB) which is disposed between the LGP and a sidewall of the container along one of the sides of the liquid crystal panel, and which is configured to provide an image signal to the liquid crystal panel; and a light source which is disposed between the LGP and a sidewall of the container along another one of the sides of the liquid crystal panel, and which is configured to provide light to the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: A display apparatus is disclosed. In one aspect, the display apparatus includes a first display substrate including i) a first plane on which an image is displayed and ii) a second plane opposite to the first plane. The display apparatus also includes a second display substrate formed at least partially overlapping second plane, a guiding portion bent and connected to at least one of the first and second display substrates, a mold frame accommodating and supporting the second display substrate, and a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) including i) a first area attached to the second plane of the first display substrate and ii) a second area connected to and guided by the guiding portion, wherein the FPCB is bent at least partially around the mold frame.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) includes a liquid crystal module defining an opening, the liquid crystal module including a printed circuit board having a pad portion exposed to the opening; a set printed circuit board disposed adjacent a surface of the liquid crystal module; and a connector disposed between the liquid crystal module and the set printed circuit board through the opening to electrically connect the liquid crystal module and the pad portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a display device and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein a spoilage layer generated in a manufacturing process is removed, and a manufacturing method of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: forming a thin film transistor on a substrate including a plurality of pixel areas; forming a pixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor in the pixel area; forming a sacrificial layer on the pixel electrode; forming a barrier layer on the sacrificial layer; forming a common electrode on the barrier layer; forming a roof layer on the common electrode; patterning the barrier layer, the common electrode, and the roof layer to exposed a portion of the sacrificial layer thereby forming an injection hole; removing the sacrificial layer to form a microcavity for a plurality of pixel areas; removing the barrier layer.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device, an upper electrode and a drain electrode are reliably connected to each other electrically, with preventing or suppressing an occurrence of an aperture ratio loss, or sufficiently reducing a parasitic capacitance between the scanning line and the lower electrode. An interlayer resin film is formed on a drain electrode, with a hole being formed on the interlayer resin film, and on the drain electrode exposed to a bottom portion of the hole, an island-shaped electrode is formed separately from a lower electrode. Moreover, on the island-shaped electrode, an inter-electrode insulating film is formed, a contact hole is formed in the inter-electrode insulating film, and an upper electrode is formed on the island-shaped electrode exposed to a bottom portion of the contact hole.

Abstract: Transistors each include a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer over the gate electrode, an oxide semiconductor layer over the gate insulating layer, and a source electrode and a drain electrode over the oxide semiconductor layer. A driver circuit portion includes first to third wirings formed in the same step as the gate electrode, fourth to sixth wirings formed in the same step as the source electrode and the drain electrode, a seventh wiring formed in the same step as a pixel electrode, a first region where the second wiring intersects with the fifth wiring, and a second region where the third wiring intersects with the sixth wiring. The first wiring is connected to the fourth wiring through the seventh wiring. A distance between the wirings in the second region is longer than that in the first region.

Abstract: Provided are resistive switching cells and methods of using such cells for controlling operation of liquid crystal display (LCD) cells in LCD devices. A resistive switching cell has two electrodes formed from transparent conductive oxides, such as indium oxide, indium tin oxide, or zinc oxide. One electrode may be connected to a LCD cell thereby forming an in series connection between the resistive switching cell and LCD cell. The other electrode may be used to power the LCD cell through the resistive switching cell. The resistive switching cell also includes a resistive switching layer disposed between the two electrodes. When the resistive switching layer is in its low resistive state, the LCD cell is subjected to an operating potential and produces light. However, when the resistive switching layer is in its high resistive state, the LCD cell is not subjected to the operating potential and does not produce light.