Abstract: Frequency registration deviations occurring during a scan of a frequency or wavelength range by a spectroscopic analysis system can be corrected using passive and/or active approaches. A passive approach can include determining and applying mathematical conversions to a recorded field spectrum. An active approach can include modifying one or more operating parameters of the spectroscopic analysis system to reduce frequency registration deviation.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods are disclosed for performing a light-absorption measurement on a test sample and a compliance measurement on a reference sample. A method includes moving a reference sample receptacle carrier of an apparatus to position a first reference sample receptacle received in the carrier at a second position in a light path, directing light from an illumination system to a detection system along the light path to perform a light-absorption measurement on a first reference sample at the second position, moving the carrier to position the first receptacle out of the light path, placing a test sample receptacle in a test sample receptacle holder of the apparatus in the light path at a first position different from the second position, and directing light along the light path to perform a light-absorption measurement on a test sample in the test sample receptacle holder at the first position.

Abstract: A method for detecting turbidity using coherent light uses a coherent light emitter such as a laser calibrated to emit a specific wavelength. A light sensor adjacent to the coherent light emitter monitors incoming light to detect the specific wavelength. The coherent light beam will not contact the light sensor unless reflected back to the light sensor, thus detecting the specific wavelength indicates turbidity caused by the presence of smoke, which reflects the coherent light beam back to the sensor. The magnitude of the specific frequency that is detected indicates the amount of smoke detected.

Abstract: A device may receive information identifying results of a spectroscopic measurement of an unknown sample. The device may perform a first classification of the unknown sample based on the results of the spectroscopic measurement and a global classification model. The device may generate a local classification model based on the first classification. The device may perform a second classification of the unknown sample based on the results of the spectroscopic measurement and the local classification model. The device may provide information identifying a class associated with the unknown sample based on performing the second classification.

Abstract: Near infrared moisture sensors using stable holmium oxide glass calibration standards that simulate different moistures levels in paper obviates problems associated with glass encased paper samples. Holmium oxide glass has a strong absorption at 1.93 microns which is close to absorption by paper. Standards can have varying thicknesses to simulate different moisture levels. Didymium glass can also be used with holmium oxide glass. The moisture sensor operates at reference and measurement infrared regions of 1.94 microns and 1.8 microns, respectively.

Abstract: An optical sensor and a method of operating the optical sensor are provided. The optical sensor includes a light source configured to emit a light, and a path adjuster configured to adjust a traveling path of the light to reflect the light at a first time, and allow the light to pass through the path adjuster at a second time. The optical sensor further includes a light receiver configured to receive a reference light among the reflected light, and receive, among the light passing through the path adjuster, a measurement light related to a target material.

Abstract: Fluorescence generated by multiphoton excitation can be observed simultaneously using multiple beams, and multiple points can be observed simultaneously with a high signal-to-noise ratio with low invasiveness. Provided is a laser microscope including: modulation units that apply different modulations to a plurality of ultrashort-pulse laser light beams of the same type emitted from a light source unit; an illumination optical system that simultaneously focuses the plurality of ultrashort-pulse laser light beams, to which the different modulations are applied by the modulation units, onto different positions of a sample; a fluorescence detecting device that detects fluorescence generated at a focal position of each ultrashort-pulse laser light beam and performs photoelectric conversion of the fluorescence; and a demodulation unit that demodulates an output from the fluorescence detecting device based on modulation information from the modulation units.

Abstract: This detection device is provided with: a chip including a detection region for detecting a substance to be detected; a light source which emits excitation light; a detector for detecting the fluorescence emitted from a fluorescent substance which labels the substance to be detected, and which is excited by the excitation light; and an optical fiber which includes a core, and a cladding covering the outer peripheral surface of the core, guides, to the detection region, the excitation light emitted from the light source, and guides, to the detector, the fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent substance. The optical fiber is fixed to the chip directly or via a connector. The excitation light emitted from the light source is guided within the core, and reaches the detection region of the chip. The fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent substance is guided within the core and the cladding, and reaches the detector.

Abstract: A measurement system includes a system for causing relative motion between a sample and an irradiation spot. The sample includes fluorescent markers having respective wavelengths. A gating system provides a gating signal based at least in part on resultant light substantially at an irradiation wavelength. A detection system detects fluorescent light from the irradiated markers and provides detection signals representing the fluorescent light detected concurrently with a gate-open signal. In some examples, the detection system detects fluorescent light at multiple wavelengths and provides respective detection signals. A spectral discriminator arranged optically between the sample and the detection system receives the fluorescent light from the sample and provides respective fluorescent light at the wavelengths to the detection system. A flow cytometer can spectrally disperse resultant fluorescent light and measure the wavelengths separately.

Abstract: A blood analyzer comprises a sample preparing part configured to prepare a measurement sample from a blood sample, an staining dye and diluent, a detecting part configured to detect the fluorescent light intensity and the scattered light intensity, an output part, and an analyzing part configured to identify the population including red blood cells infected by ring-form malaria parasite based on the fluorescent light intensity and the scattered light intensity, and output to the output part the information relating to infection of Plasmodium falciparum based on the scattered light distribution of particles associated with the identified population that includes red blood cells infected by the ring-form malaria parasite.

Abstract: Biopsy imaging devices with an imaging stage configured to rotate and tilt a biological sample, as well as a method for using it, are described. The stage can use rotating bearings or extendible, telescoping arms. The device has a white light for taking normal pictures and a near-infrared laser light for causing a fluorescence-biomolecule probed sample to fluoresce for fluorescence images in a light-tight housing. A set of both types of pictures are taken from angles around, above, and below the biopsy sample with one or more cameras to generate a 3-D model in a computer of the biopsy with fluorescence markings. The 3-D model can then be rendered and viewed on a display by a surgeon to determine if sufficient margins were removed from the patient.

Abstract: This invention concerns the field of sample identification, in particular a method and apparatuses for identifying or discriminating biological species from non biological species, both as individual particles and as components of a composition, by pump-probe fluorescence spectroscopy for time-resolved detection or imaging. The method uses the finding that the UV-induced fluorescence of biological molecules is varied, in particular is depleted, by the addition of visible radiation, whereas this does not occur with non-biological organic molecules. The invention discriminates the fluorescence signals of bio and non-bio particles or species using a differential approach, i.e. the comparison. of the total fluorescence recorded with and without additional visible radiation. This allows to discriminate biological particles comprising aromatic amino-acids (AA), like peptides, proteins, bacteria, viruses, pollens, spores, etc.

Abstract: A cleaning audit solution that allows a user to determine how well a surface has been cleaned is provided herein. Embodiments of the present invention are used to determine the effectiveness or proficiency of cleaning activities performed on a surface. Embodiments of the present invention are mixtures that are be sprayed on a wide variety of surface types; the embodiments remaining invisible to the naked eye until exposed to ultraviolet light. If, after cleaning activities have been performed, a substantial amount of the present invention remains on a surface, the effectiveness of the cleaning activity is substandard. However, if very little or none of the present invention can be seen on a surface after cleaning, the effectiveness of the cleaning is high.

Abstract: A system for illuminating a sample with a spectrally filtered illumination source includes an illumination source configured to generate a beam of illumination having a first set of wavelengths. In addition, the system includes a wavelength filtering sub-system, a sample stage, an illumination sub-system, a detector, and an objective to focus illumination from the surface of one or more samples and focus the collected illumination to the detector. Further, the wavelength filtering sub-system includes one or more first dispersive elements positioned to introduce spatial dispersion into the beam, a spatial filter element, and one or more dispersive elements positioned to remove spatial dispersion from the beam. The spatial filter element is further positioned to pass at least a portion of the beam including a second set of wavelengths, wherein the second set of wavelengths is a subset of the first set of wavelengths.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining characteristic(s) of patterns of interest (POIs) are provided. One system is configured to acquire output of an inspection system generated at the POI instances without detecting defects at the POI instances. The output is then used to generate a selection of the POI instances. The system then acquires output from an output acquisition subsystem for the selected POI instances. The system also determines characteristic(s) of the POI using the output acquired from the output acquisition subsystem.

Abstract: Provided in some embodiments are systems and methods for measuring the water content (or water-cut) of a fluid mixture. Provided in some embodiments is a water-cut sensor system that includes a T-resonator, a ground conductor, and a separator. The T-resonator including a feed line, and an open shunt stub conductively coupled to the feed line. The ground conductor including a bottom ground plane opposite the T-resonator and a ground ring conductively coupled to the bottom ground plane, with the feed line overlapping at least a portion of the ground ring. The separator including a dielectric material disposed between the feed line and the portion of the ground ring overlapped by the feed line, and the separator being adapted to electrically isolate the T-resonator from the ground conductor.

Abstract: A method of investigating a specimen using a tomographic imaging apparatus comprising: A specimen holder, for holding the specimen; A source, for producing a beam of radiation that can be directed at the specimen; A detector, for detecting a flux of radiation transmitted through the specimen from the source; A stage apparatus, for producing relative motion of the source with respect to the specimen, so as to allow the source and detector to image the specimen along a series of different viewing axes; A processing apparatus, for performing a mathematical reconstruction step whereby output from the detector is compiled into a tomographic image of at least part of the specimen, wherein said reconstruction step is performed in multiple iterations, which comprise the following steps: (i) Using a Back Projection technique to produce an initial tomogram from a set of initial images; (ii) Subjecting said initial tomogram to a mathematical filtering operation, thereby producing an adjusted tomogram; (iii) Using a

Abstract: A conveyor system for use with a scanning apparatus for the scanning of contained materials such as liquids and the like, especially within containers such as bottles, is described, comprising a transverse conveyor having a conveyor surface; a plurality of container support modules each adapted to seat on the conveyor surface; wherein each container support module comprises a lower surface that sits upon the conveyor surface of the conveyor and upper part in which a container-receiving recessed portion is defined. A method of conveying bottles using such a system is also described.

Abstract: A device and method for the radioscopic examination of a continuous strip-shaped material of rubber which runs continuously in particular. During the movement, the strip-shaped material is x-rayed by a radioscopic measurer and the entire cross-sectional surface is detected so that foreign bodies or defects present in the material are detected according to their position and orientation. An elimination device removes the previously identified foreign body during the feed movement of the material in that a tool, configured as a punching tool, of the elimination device is moved synchronously with the material.

Abstract: Among other things, a tire inspection system (100) and method are provided. A radiation source (116) and a detector array (118) are configured to rotate about an axis of rotation. During a first examination of a tire (104), the tire (104) has a first orientation relative to the axis of rotation, and during a second examination, the tire (104) has a second orientation relative to the axis of rotation. For example, between the first examination and the second examination, the tire (104) is at least one of shifted with respect to the axis of rotation or rotated about a tire rotation axis (e.g., perpendicular to the axis of rotation) to change the orientation of the tire relative to the axis of rotation. Such rotation and translation of the tire (104) are carried out by using a conveyer belt (114) and a robotic arm (602). In this manner, imagery of the tire (104) may be developed, which can be inspected to identify irregularities, etc. in the tire (104), for example.

Abstract: An NMR sensor and method is disclosed for analyzing a core sample from a subsurface formation. Embodiments of the method utilize two or more magnets disposed proximate to each other. The configuration of the magnets allows for increased detection frequency, and creates a strong field with much finer resolution than existing designs. In addition, embodiments of the sensor may be used at the well site due to its small size and simple hardware. Further details and advantages of various embodiments of the method are described in more detail herein.

Abstract: According to embodiments of the disclosure, a thermal needle probe is provided. The thermal needle probe may include a heater, a cooler, a temperature measuring element, a heat conduction element and a processor. The heater is configured to heat an object. The cooler is configured to cool the object. The temperature measuring element is configured to measure a temperature raising curve of the object and a temperature dropping curve of the object. The heat conduction element is configured to conduct heat between the heater and the object. The processor is configured to determine a thermal property of the object according to at least one of the temperature raising curve and the temperature dropping curve.

Abstract: A heat flux sensor including at least one optical resonator suspended on a support, the optical resonator intended to be suspended in a gaseous environment, at least one first device intended to introduce a measurement light beam into the waveguide, at least one second collection device, intended to collect a detection light beam coming from the optical resonator and a device for heating of the optical resonator.

Abstract: A method of propagation test on a battery system has: a main irradiation step of irradiating a laser beam in prescribed conditions, on a light-receiving part of the outer member of a light-receiving cell, or on a light-receiving part which is arranged in contact with the outer member of the light-receiving cell, thereby to heat the light-receiving cell; a thermal runaway confirming step of confirming a thermal runaway of the light-receiving cell; an irradiation stopping step of stopping the laser-beam irradiation after the thermal runaway was confirmed in the thermal runaway confirming step; and a system integrity inspection step of inspecting an integrity of the cells other than the light-receiving cell after the irradiation stopping step. The prescribed conditions are conditions in which a melted scar is formed on the light-receiving part.

Abstract: Information is obtained from a storage container that houses hazardous or potentially harmful waste. A sensor device is inserted into the container to allow a sensor using a sensor well to extend into the container. The sensor collects information on the conditions of the waste. The sensor well extends through a hole for a filter that vents gasses or vapors from the container. The sensor device also includes a housing with circuitry to perform the sensing as well as transmit and receive signals. In this manner, the sensor device transmits signals with information about the materials within the container for remote monitoring.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for identifying degrading electrodes in a marine electromagnetic survey system. A system may comprise a sensor array operable for use in a marine electromagnetic survey system, wherein the sensor array comprises a plurality of electrodes. The system may comprise a shunt resistor connected to the electrodes and a processor operable to vary a resistance of the shunt resistor in the presence of a voltage across the electrodes. A method for identifying degrading electrodes may comprise measuring an electric field in a body of water with a pair of electrodes, wherein a shunt resistor is connected between the pair of electrodes. The method may comprise varying a resistance of the shunt resistor. The method may comprise measuring a voltage across the shunt resistor while varying the resistance of the shunt resistor to obtain measured voltages for different shunt resistor values.

Abstract: A mobile device comprises a first sensor configured to acquire information for determining whether the device is in the water, a second sensor configured to acquire information for determining whether the device is in a state of being on-board, and at least one controller configured to perform control not to execute processing to determine whether the device is in the state of being on-board when the device is determined to be in the water, and to perform control to execute the processing to determine whether the device is in the state of being on-board when the device is not determined to be in the water.

Abstract: A detection module and a method for operating the same are revealed. A nano-scale iridium oxide membrane is used as a detection film. After being in contact with different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, the iridium oxide membrane is oxidized or reduced to generate iridium (III) ions (Ir3+) or iridium (IV) ions (Ir4+). Thus a voltage shift is generated. Whether hydrogen peroxide is contained in the sample can be checked by detection of changes in the voltage. A sample is formed by mixing serum and benzylamine. When the serum in the sample contains LOXL2 enzyme associated with breast cancer, the LOXL2 enzyme reacts with benzylamine to get hydrogen peroxide which is used as a detection medium.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for analyzing a concentration state of a measurement target component in blood, the method including: obtaining a value regarding an amount of the measurement target component in a collection member in which tissue fluid has been accumulated in advance, the tissue fluid having been extracted for a predetermined extraction time period from an organism which had been subjected to a process for accelerating the extraction of the tissue fluid; obtaining a value of an area under a blood concentration time curve of the measurement target component on the basis of the value regarding the amount of the measurement target component; and calculating a value regarding a ratio of a time period during which a concentration of the measurement target component has exceeded a predetermined concentration relative to the extraction time period, on the basis of the value of the area under the blood concentration time curve.

Abstract: Storage containers are disclosed for storing at least one diagnostic test element including an enzyme and a stabilized coenzyme. In addition, diagnostic products such as test elements are disclosed that include an enzyme and a stabilized coenzyme, as well as analytical measuring devices including such storage containers and/or diagnostic products. Other aspects include, but are not limited to, unique methods, techniques, products, systems and devices involving test elements, such as test strips, including the enzyme and the stabilized coenzyme.

Abstract: A formaldehyde electrochemical sensor employing a formaldehyde sensitive assembly of formaldehyde dehydrogenase attached to graphene in fluid communication with a source of NAD+, and a method of measuring formaldehyde utilizing the sensor.

Abstract: Various devices, systems and methods for detecting a susceptibility of an infectious agent to an anti-infective are described herein. A method comprises introducing a fluid sample to a first surface and a second surface; exposing the first surface to a first solution; exposing the second surface to a second solution, wherein the second surface comprises an anti-infective; sampling the first solution after exposing the first solution to the first surface; sampling the second solution after exposing the second solution to the second surface; monitoring a first electrical characteristic of a first sensor exposed to the first solution sampled; monitoring a second electrical characteristic of a second sensor exposed to the second solution sampled; and comparing the first electrical characteristic and the second electrical characteristic to assess the susceptibility of the infectious agent to the anti-infective.

Abstract: An electrochemical gas sensor (10) includes a housing (11) which has a number of electrodes (31, 32), i.e. at least one working electrode (31) and at least one counter electrode (32), in addition to a liquid electrolyte (60). At least one of said electrodes (31, 32) and/or the housing (11) are at least partially formed of an absorption agent composition. A method of detecting acid gases employs the electrochemical gas sensor (10).

Abstract: Provided is a method for recovering output of a gas sensor in shorter time. The method includes: determining a recovering temperature T1 and a recovering time ??1 based on a condition setting range where a high recovery rate is expected; and recovering the output based on T1 and ??1, wherein in the recovering, a duty ratio for a heater is instantly increased to value D1 higher than a value in a normal driving mode when the recovering starts, D1 is maintained up to T1, and PID control is performed by reducing the duty ratio to value D2 to maintain T1. After an elapse of ??1, the duty ratio is reduced to value D3. When the temperature of the element reaches a value 1 to 1.2 times as high as the temperature in the normal drive mode, the duty ratio is instantly changed to value D0 in the normal drive mode.

Abstract: A gas sensor control apparatus including a gas sensor element, a heater for heating the gas sensor element, and heater energization control means for feedback controlling the supply of electric current to the heater such that the internal resistance of the gas sensor element coincides with a target resistance. The gas sensor element has a solid electrolyte member and an electrode portion including an outside electrode and an inside electrode. At least a portion of the electrode portion is formed of an electrically conductive oxide whose main component is (i) a first perovskite phase which is represented by a composition formula of LaCo1-xNixO3±d (0.300?x?0.600, 0?d?0.4) and has a perovskite-type crystal structure, or (ii) a second perovskite phase which is represented by a composition formula of LaFe1-yNiyO3±d (0.450?y?0.700, 0?d?0.4) and has a perovskite-type crystal structure.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a gas sensor includes: disposing a tubular holder and a tubular compact in a tubular metallic shell defining a through hole, the tubular holder defining a first insertion hole, and the tubular compact defining a second insertion hole; preparing a preliminary assembly in which a pin is inserted into the first insertion hole and the second insertion hole; pulling out the pin from the first insertion hole and the second insertion hole and inserting a sensor element into the first insertion hole and the second insertion hole such that a forward end of the pin will come into contact with an end of the sensor element; compressing the compact to thereby fix the sensor element inside of the metallic shell; welding a protection sleeve to the metallic shell to thereby form a semi-assembly; and combining the semi-assembly with another semi-assembly to thereby form the gas sensor.

Abstract: Ion-sensitive field-effect transistors including channel regions of inorganic semiconductor material and organic gate junctions are provided for detecting biological materials or reactions within an electrolyte. The transistors may include self-assembled monolayers to passivate a surface of the inorganic semiconductor material. Bio-sensing material is immobilized by the self-assembled monolayers for use in bio-detection. A back-gate electrode is optionally employed.

Abstract: This invention concerns Chemically-sensitive Field Effect Transistors (ChemFETs) that are preferably fabricated using semiconductor fabrication methods on a semiconductor wafer, and in preferred embodiments, on top of an integrated circuit structure made using semiconductor fabrication methods. The instant ChemFETs typically comprise a conductive source, a conductive drain, and a channel composed of a one-dimensional (1D) or two-dimensional (2D) transistor nanomaterial, which channel extends from the source to the drain and is fabricated using semiconductor fabrication techniques on top of a wafer. The ChemFET also includes a gate, often the gate voltage is provided through a fluid or solution proximate the ChemFET. Such ChemFETs, preferably configured in independently addressable arrays, may be employed to detect a presence and/or concentration changes of various analyte types in chemical and/or biological samples, including nucleic acid hybridization and/or sequencing reactions.

Abstract: A method for testing a partially fabricated bio-sensor device wafer includes aligning the partially fabricated bio-sensor device wafer on a wafer stage of a wafer-level bio-sensor processing tool. The method further includes mounting an integrated electro-microfluidic probe card to a device area on the partially fabricated bio-sensor device wafer, wherein the electro-microfluidic probe card has a first major surface. The method further includes electrically connecting one or more electronic probe tips disposed on the first major surface of the integrated electro-microfluidic probe card to conductive areas of the device area. The method further includes flowing a test fluid from a fluid supply to the integrated electro-microfluidic probe card. The method further includes electrically measuring via the one or more electronic probe tips a first electrical property of one or more bio-FETs of the device area based on the test fluid flow.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting chemical reactions may be provided. The apparatus may comprise a chemical detection device. The chemical detection device may include a chemical sensor, which may be mounted on the chemical detection device. The apparatus may further comprise a valve block. The valve block may fluidly couple a plurality of reagent containers to the chemical detection device. The apparatus may further comprise a heat exchanger and a controller. The controller may control a fluid connection between the valve block and the chemical detection device. The controller may be also configured to adjust a temperature of a selected reagent from the plurality of reagent containers via the heat exchanger. The temperature of the selected reagent may be adjusted prior to the reagent entering the chemical detection device.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a substrate; a gate structure disposed over the substrate and having an upper surface; a well structure disposed over the substrate and defining a well over the upper surface of the gate structure; a conductive layer disposed on the upper surface of the gate structure and at least partially extending along a wall of the well in the well structure; and a dielectric structure disposed over the well structure and defining an opening to the well.

Abstract: A pH sensor for a single-use bioreactor is provided. The sensor includes a pH sensing electrode, a reference system, a storage compartment, and an access mechanism. The reference system includes a reference electrolyte, a reference electrode disposed in the reference electrolyte, and a reference junction. The storage compartment contains a storage solution that is configured to contact the pH sensing electrode within the storage compartment. The access mechanism is configured to, when actuated, couple the pH sensing electrode to an interior of the single-use bio-reactor. The storage solution includes a buffer solution that is compatible with the reference electrolyte.

Abstract: There is disclosed apparatus and a system for effecting testing on a sample, such as for medical testing. The apparatus includes a sample chip (30) provided with at least two chambers (48,50) within which analyte and a sample to be tested can be located, one chamber being a mixing chamber (48) and the other a detection chamber (50), the latter being provided with a sensor or means to enable sensing of one or more parameters pertaining to the sample. A detector unit (70, 170) includes a slot (76) for holding a sample carrier (30), drive means (94) for moving parts of a sample from the mixing chamber (48) to the detection chamber (50), such as by electromagnetic force, sensing means (60) for sensing the one or more parameters, a diagnostic unit (84) for analysing the sensed parameters and a display unit (72) for displaying the results of the test to a user. The test unit (70, 170) is preferably handheld, which the sample carrier (30) is preferably in the form of a disposable chip.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cell for felt electrode characterization which analyzes a characteristic of a felt electrode used in a redox flow battery. According to the present invention, the cell for felt electrode characterization can accurately analyze an electrical characteristic of the felt electrode by adjusting contact strength applied to the working electrode to be constant by adjusting the thickness of the first support that supports one side of the working electrode.

Abstract: An analytical cell includes a first substrate with a first through hole formed therein, and a second substrate with first and second through holes formed therein. First and second solid portions protruding respectively from the first and second substrates are solid-state bonded together to form a solid state joint. By the solid state joint, the first and second substrates are joined together such that transmission membranes of the first and second substrates are mutually spaced by a predetermined distance, to form an overlapping portion. In the overlapping portion, an observation window is formed at a position where the first through holes face each other, and an accommodating part is formed between a lid member and the first substrate through the second through hole. One of negative and positive electrode active materials is provided in the accommodating part, and the other is provided between the transmission membranes of the observation window.

Abstract: Substrates forming an overlapping portion of an analytical cell have through holes each having a shape tapered from an outer surface of the substrate facing to outside of the overlapping portion toward an inner surface thereof facing to inside thereof. An observation window is formed between the through holes facing each other. In the overlapping portion, at least one of negative and positive electrode active materials is provided between transmission membranes of the observation window, and at least one pillar is provided between first and second positions. At the first position, edge portions of the through holes of the outer surfaces are face-to-face with each other. At the second position, edge portions of the through holes of the inner surfaces are face-to-face with each other. At least one spacer is further provided at a position shifted from the first position toward a circumferential edge of the overlapping portion.

Abstract: A method of determining the result of an assay in a microfluidic device includes the steps of: dispensing a sample droplet onto a first portion of an electrode array of the microfluidic device; dispensing a reagent droplet onto a second portion of the electrode array of the microfluidic device; controlling actuation voltages applied to the electrode array to mix the sample droplet and the reagent droplet into a product droplet; sensing a dynamic property of the product droplet; and determining an assay of the sample droplet based on the sensed dynamic property. The dynamic property is a physical property of the product droplet that influences a transport property of the product droplet on the electrode array. Example dynamic properties of the product droplet include the moveable state, split-able state, and viscosity based on droplet properties. The method may be used to perform an amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay.

Abstract: In order to make it possible to accurately measure the HF concentration in a BHF solution in a low concentration region using a simple structure, there are provided a relationship storage unit that stores relationships between a pH of a BHF solution and an HF concentration, a pH meter that measures the pH of the BHF solution, and a concentration calculation unit that refers to relationships stored in the relationship storage unit, and calculates the HF concentration from the pH values measured by the pH meter.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided to separate ions temporally according to a physico-chemical property comprising an ion guide comprising a plurality of electrodes and a first device arranged and adapted to remove undesired ions remaining within the ion guide after ions of interest have exited the ion guide.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor may sense a magnetic field during a rotation of a wheel. The sensed magnetic field may represent a profile of the wheel during the rotation. The magnetic sensor may determine, based on the sensed magnetic field, information associated with a possible fault of at least one of the magnetic sensor or the wheel. The magnetic sensor may transmit a first set of output pulses corresponding to the profile of the wheel during the rotation. The first set of output pulses may be transmitted during the rotation of the wheel. The magnetic sensor may transmit a second set of output pulses that corresponds to the information associated with the possible fault.