Abstract: According to one embodiment, a semiconductor device includes a memory circuit, a first FIFO, a second FIFO and an input/output circuit. The memory circuit outputs data. The first FIFO receives data from the memory circuit and outputs data synchronously with a first clock signal. The second FIFO receives data output from the first FIFO and outputs data synchronously with the first clock signal. The input/output circuit outputs data output from the second FIFO. The second FIFO is disposed in the vicinity of the input/output circuit than the first FIFO.

Abstract: An system and method are configured to degrade a memory cell PFET voltage based on a sensor reading of a current operating point. This will enable additional control over the SRAM device, particularly during a write operation. In one embodiment, a system of SRAM memory devices is configured as a smart sensor with real-time corrective circuit action. The system and method samples write and read timing operations and is adaptable by performing real-time corrective action. The degrading of PFET voltage to reduce it strength and improve write characteristics include an implementation that includes a charge pump controllable for altering by decreasing a voltage applied to the PFET of a selected memory cell. In a further embodiment, an edge detector is built into the circuit that real-time assesses the strength of the memory write operation. In a further implementation, control logic functions as a Finite State Machine.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods are provided using a plurality of interrupted IC operations to detect various conditions or changes of interest to integrated circuit (IC) elements (e.g., memory cells of NAND Flash memories or floating gate transistor) such as program/erase stress, total ionizing dose, and heavy ion exposure which modify normal IC element bit state changes. An exemplary method can include controlling a plurality of selected IC elements to execute a series of PROGRAM or ERASE operations on all of the plurality of selected elements that are each interrupted or halted before a normal or first time period required for the PROGRAM or ERASE operation has elapsed. An exemplary system records a number of interrupted operations required to cause a state change in each of the plurality of selected IC elements. Embodiments of the invention enable detection of stresses far below at least some thresholds for IC element or bit cell failure.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may be provided. The semiconductor device may include a test data interface, a first data interface, and a second data interface. The test data interface may be configured to generate first test data and second test data from data inputted through a test pad in response to a test control signal and outputs failure information to the test pad in response to a read control signal. The first data interface may be configured to generate first aligned data from the first test data or the second test data in response to the test control signal. The second data interface may be configured to generate second aligned data from the second test data.

Abstract: An emergency spent nuclear fuel pool cooling system that requires no external electrical power source and relies on the expansion of a cryogenic fluid through an evaporator/heat exchanger submerged within the spent fuel pool, to power various components used to cool the spent fuel pool and adjacent areas and provide makeup water to the spent fuel pool. Other than the evaporator/heat exchanger to which the cryogenic fluid is connected, the remaining components employed to cool the pool and the surrounding area and provide makeup water can be contained in a relatively small, readily transportable skid.

Abstract: A submersible system and method for measuring the gas volume fraction in an aerated fluid inside a reactor (1) wherein the aerated fluid is composed by gas dispersed in the form of bubbles in a fluid in the form of a solution, suspension, mixture of liquids or a combination thereof, which comprises: an open and pass-through gas exclusion device (20) of a variable cross section wherein the inlet opening whereby the fluid enters without gas bubbles towards the opened and through gas bubbles exclusion device (20) is greater than the outlet opening whereby the fluid exits without gas bubbles of the opened and through gas bubble exclusion device (20), wherein said outlet opening abuts with an inlet pipe (23), a sealed camera (24) which comprises a flow measurement means, which contains at least one flow meter allowing to measure the gas-free fluid velocity when circulating between an inlet (27) of said sealed camera (24) and an outlet (28) of said sealed camera (24), wherein said inlet (27) of said sealed camera (

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for processing energy spectra of a radiation transmitted by an object irradiated by a source of ionizing radiations, in particular an X radiation, for applications in medical imaging or non-destructive inspection. The method implements a detector comprising a plurality of pixels, each pixel being able to establish a spectrum of the radiation transmitted by the object. The method makes it possible, from a plurality of spectra detected, to establish so-called corrected spectra. Each corrected spectrum is an estimation of the spectrum of a radiation, called primary radiation, transmitted by the object. The invention makes it possible to reduce the influence of the scattering, by the object, of the spectrum emitted by the source.

Abstract: A graphene coated silver alloy wire is provided. The composite wire includes a core wire and one to three layers of graphene covering surfaces of the core wire. The core wire is made of a silver-based alloy including 2 to 6 weight percent of palladium. The core wire may be optionally added with 0.01 to 10 weight percent of gold. The invention also includes a manufacturing method immersing the core wire into a solution including graphene oxide and applying bias to the core wire for manufacturing the graphene coated silver alloy wire.

Abstract: A conductive paste includes: a silver-coated resin; and an organic vehicle that includes a thermosetting resin composition, a curing agent, and a solvent, in which the thermosetting resin composition is an epoxy resin composition which is solid at room temperature and has a melt viscosity of 0.5 Pa·s or lower at 150° C., and a mass ratio of a content of the thermosetting resin composition to a content of the silver-coated resin is 10 to 40:60 to 90.

Abstract: A high strength and high conductivity copper rod or wire includes Co of 0.12 to 0.32 mass %, P of 0.042 to 0.095 mass %, Sn of 0.005 to 0.70 mass %, and O of 0.00005 to 0.0050 mass %. A relationship of 3.0?([Co]?0.007)/([P]?0.008)?6.2 is satisfied between a content [Co] mass % of Co and a content [P] mass % of P. The remainder includes Cu and inevitable impurities, and the rod or wire is produced by a process including a continuous casting and rolling process. Strength and conductivity of the high strength and high conductivity copper rod or wire are improved by uniform precipitation of a compound of Co and P and by solid solution of Sn. The high strength and high conductivity copper rod or wire is produced by the continuous casting and rolling process, and thus production costs are reduced.

Abstract: Nanocomposite films comprising conductive nanofiller dispersed throughout a polymer matrix and further comprising at least two surfaces with differing amounts of filler and differing electrical resistivity values are provided. In particular, nanocomposites comprising polyvinyl alcohol as the polymer matrix and nanosheets and/or nanoplatelets of graphene as the conductive filler are provided. In addition, a process for forming the nanocomposites, methods for characterizing the nanocomposites as well as applications in or on electrical and/or electronic devices are provided.

Abstract: A multilayer electronic component may include a multilayer body including a plurality of magnetic material layers, and an internal electrode disposed in the multilayer body. The internal electrode may contain a conductive metal and glass, and the glass contains a vanadium (V) oxide. Al a conductive paste composition for an internal electrode includes a conductive metal and glass, wherein the glass contains a vanadium (V) oxide.

Abstract: A molded cable comprises a conductor, an insulation inner layer, an insulation outer layer, and a resin molded body. The insulation inner layer comprises a crosslinked ethylene resin composition and is provided an outer circumference of the conductor. The insulation outer layer comprises a crosslinked thermoplastic polyurethane composition and is provided on an outer circumference of the insulation inner layer. Arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of a surface of the insulation outer layer is 5 ?m to 100 ?m. The resin molded body coats an exposed end portion of the conductor and an end portion of the insulation outer layer at a side of the exposed end portion of the conductor. The resin molded body is fused to the insulation outer layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light string with reinforced wires. The light string includes a plurality of reinforced wires and a plurality of lamps electrically connected in series via the plurality of reinforced wires. Each reinforced wire includes a plurality of conducting wires, an outer insulating sheath covering the plurality of conducting wires and one or more reinforcing strands configured between an inner side surface and an outer side surface of the outer insulating sheath and extending along a direction parallel to a central longitudinal axis of the reinforced wire. The bending resistant performance of the electric wire between each two adjacent lamps is improved greatly, the fatigue strength of the electric wire is much better than that of an ordinary electric wire, and the tensile strength of the electric wire is improved.

Abstract: A data cable for high-speed data transmission at signal frequencies of >10 GHz includes at least one core pair which is surrounded by a film-shaped pair shield having an inner shielding film and an outer shielding film which, are in electrical contact with one another and in which the inner shielding film is wound around the core pair. By virtue of this measure, an undesired resonance effect is avoided which, in previously wound pair shields, has not allowed use for relatively high signal frequencies. At the same time, an undesired common-mode signal, which would occur in the case of a longitudinally folded shielding film, is thus suppressed.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an insulated conductive material includes providing a continuous feed of a conductive material, a first continuous feed of insulating material above a top surface of the conductive strip, and a second continuous feed of insulating material below a bottom surface of the conductive strip. Portions of the first and second continuous feeds of insulating material are compressed against a portion of the conductive material. The portions of the first and second insulating material are cured to thereby provide a continuous feed of insulated conductive material.

Abstract: There is described an electrical isolator comprising a first fluid-carrying member and a second fluid-carrying member spaced apart from said first fluid-carrying member, a resistive, semi-conductive or non-conductive component located between and sealed against said first and second fluid-carrying member, wherein said resistive, semi-conductive or non-conductive component is adapted to convey fluid flowing from said first fluid-carrying member to said second fluid-carrying member, a reinforcing composite encircling said first fluid-carrying member, said second fluid-carrying member and said resistive, semi-conductive or non-conductive component, wherein said reinforcing composite is continuous and provides a conductive path between said first fluid-carrying member and said second fluid-carrying member, wherein said reinforcing composite comprises fibre and a resin mixture, and said resin mixture comprises resin and a conductive additive.

Abstract: Provided is a method of forming a microsphere having a structural color, which includes providing a composition for generating a structural color including a curable material and magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in the curable material, forming an emulsion by adding the composition for generating a structural color to an immiscible solvent, arranging the magnetic nanoparticles located in the emulsion droplet of the curable material in a one-dimensional chain structure by applying a magnetic field to the emulsion, and fixing the chain structure by curing the emulsion droplet.

Abstract: A method of making a physical unclonable function (PUF) having magnetic and non-magnetic particles is disclosed. Measuring both magnetic field and image view makes the PUF difficult to counterfeit. PUF may be incorporated into a user-replaceable supply item for an imaging device. A PUF reader may be incorporated into an imaging device to read the PUF. Other methods are disclosed.

Abstract: An R-T-B based sintered magnet includes “R”, “T”, and “B”. “R” represents a rare earth element including at least Tb. “T” represents a metal element except rare earth elements including at least Fe, Cu, Mn, Al, and Co. “B” represents boron or boron and carbon. With respect to 100 mass % of a total mass of the R-T-B based sintered magnet, a content of “R” is 28.0 to 32.0 mass %, a content of Cu is 0.04 to 0.50 mass %, a content of Mn is 0.02 to 0.10 mass %, a content of Al is 0.15 to 0.30 mass %, a content of Co is 0.50 to 3.0 mass %, and a content of “B” is 0.85 to 1.0 mass %. Tb2/Tb1 is 0.40 to less than 1.0, where Tb1 and Tb2 (mass %) denote a content of Tb at a surface portion and at a core portion, respectively.

Abstract: An R-T-B based sintered magnet includes “R”, “T”, and “B”. “R” represents a rare earth element. “T” represents a metal element other than rare earth elements including at least Fe, Cu, Mn, Al, Co, Ga, and Zr. “B” represents boron or boron and carbon. With respect to 100 mass % of a total mass of the R-T-B based sintered magnet, a content of “R” is 28.0 to 31.5 mass %, a content of Cu is 0.04 to 0.50 mass %, a content of Mn is 0.02 to 0.10 mass %, a content of Al is 0.15 to 0.30 mass %, a content of Co is 0.50 to 3.0 mass %, a content of Ga is 0.08 to 0.30 mass %, a content of Zr is 0.10 to 0.25 mass %, and a content of “B” is 0.85 to 1.0 mass %.

Abstract: A NdFeB magnet containing cerium and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The manufacturing method includes steps of: refining a part of raw materials pure iron, ferro-boron, and rare earth fluoride in a crucible, adding a rest of the raw materials into the crucible and refining, casting a refined solution to a surface of a water-cooled rotation roller through a tundish and forming alloy flakes, processing the alloy flakes containing at least two different compositions with hydrogen decrepitation, milling powders, magnetic field pressing, vacuum presintering, machining and sintering, and obtaining the NdFeB magnet containing cerium. The NdFeB magnet containing cerium has a density of 7.5-7.7 g/cm3 and an average particle size of 3-7 ?m; comprises a main phase and a grain boundary phase distributed around the main phase. A composite phase containing Tb is provided between the main phase and the grain boundary phase.

Abstract: Provided is a color encoding method including providing a composition including a liquid medium and magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in the liquid medium; applying a magnetic field to the composition to align the magnetic nanoparticles; and applying a patterned energy source to the composition to solidify the composition, wherein more than one region of the composition are sequentially solidified with varying magnetic field strength to fix a plurality of color codes.

Abstract: A magnetic flux control device according to the exemplary embodiment includes: a pole piece assembly which is provided with an N pole piece and an S pole piece which are formed with first surfaces and second surfaces and made of a ferromagnetic material, and a permanent magnet which is disposed such that an N-pole is in contact with the N pole piece and an S-pole is in contact with the S pole piece; a first outer pole piece, a second outer pole piece, and a base pole piece which are formed with first surfaces and second surfaces and made of a ferromagnetic material; a coil which is wound around at least one of the N pole piece, the S pole piece, the first outer pole piece, the second outer pole piece, and the base pole piece; and a control unit which controls electric current to be applied to the coil.

Abstract: A modular insulation fluid handling system for protecting insulation fluid of an inductive power device having an expansion vessel and for handling volume variations of the insulation fluid, the modular insulation fluid handling system includes a first protective housing including a resilient reservoir filled with an inert gas, a connector, and an adapter sealably connected to the inside of the resilient reservoir, an interface including a ventilation duct terminal and a reservoir terminal being sealably connected to the adapter, the connector is arranged between the adapter and the interface and configured to be connected to a connector of a second protective housing, and a vessel ventilation duct configured to be sealably connected to the expansion vessel and the ventilation duct terminal. The inside of the resilient reservoir is configured to be in hermetically sealed fluid communication with the expansion vessel via the adapter, the interface and the vessel ventilation duct.

Abstract: A magnetic structure includes at least one bobbin and a core. Each of the bobbin has at least one winding portion in which a through passage is provided along its longitudinal direction, the core has at least one column, the column is received in the through passage so that a heat dissipation space is formed between an outer wall of the column and an inner wall of the through passage. In the magnetic structure according to the present disclosure, during the operation of the magnetic structure, the heat generated from the column and from an inner layer of a coil wound on the winding portion both can be quickly dissipated through the heat dissipation space, and thus the heat dissipation efficiency of the magnetic structure according to the present disclosure is improved.

Abstract: A coil includes a plurality of internal conductors that are electrically connected to each other and are disposed in an element body having magnetism. The plurality of internal conductors includes conductor portions that are separated from each other in a first direction and overlap each other when viewed from the first direction. At least one low-permeability layer is disposed along the conductor portions between the internal conductors adjacent to each other in the first direction. Permeability of the low-permeability layer is lower than permeability of the element body. The low-permeability layer includes a first portion contacting the internal conductors and at least one second portion separated from the internal conductors in the first direction, between the internal conductors adjacent to each other. The element body includes first element body regions that are interposed between the second portion and the internal conductors.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wound iron core (3) for a static apparatus in which magnetic paths in the inside of the wound iron core are subdivided to improve iron core characteristics. The iron core (3) is configured by using two or more kinds of magnetic materials (11 to 14) with different magnetic permeabilities to form laminated blocks with single plates or a plurality of laminated plates and by alternately arranging the laminated blocks with different magnetic permeabilities from the inner circumference. An iron core material (14) with large magnetic permeability out of iron core materials with different magnetic permeabilities is arranged on the inner circumference side. Further, when the iron core materials with different magnetic permeabilities are alternately arranged, the iron core materials (11) with the same magnetic permeability are configured to gradually change in thickness to ease an excessive magnetic flux density distribution in the iron core.

Abstract: A winged coil structure and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The winged coil structure includes an upper flexible plate, at least one upper magnetic induction coil, at least one upper connection pad, a lower flexible plate, at least one lower magnetic induction coil, at least one lower connection pad, at least one gold finger, a dielectric layer and at least one connection plug. The connection plug connects the upper connection pad and the lower connection pad through thermal pressing such that the gold finger, the upper magnetic induction coil, the upper connection pad, the lower connection pad, the connection plug, the lower connection pad and the lower magnetic induction coil are electrically connected. The upper flexible plate is provided with notched lines to be easily bent without damage to the upper and lower magnetic induction coils. Thus, a bendable feature for magnetic induction coils is provided.

Abstract: Each of internal conductors includes an annular portion with two end portions and an extension portion extending along the one end portion from the other end portion and separated from the one end portion. An edge of the one end portion and an edge of the other end portion oppose each other. The internal conductors include two first internal conductors and a second internal conductor located between the first internal conductors in a first direction. The one end portion of at least one first internal conductor includes a first portion overlapping the edges of the two end portions of the second internal conductor and a second portion overlapping a region between the edges of the two end portions of the second internal conductor, when viewed from the first direction. The second portion is recessed at a side opposite to the region, as compared with the first portion.

Abstract: An electronic component includes: a multilayer body; an inductor constituted of a plurality of inductor conductor layers and a via hole conductor, the inductor having a helical shape; a first outer electrode provided on a first end surface formed by contiguous outer edges of the insulation layers; and a second outer electrode provided on a second end surface. The plurality of inductor conductor layers have a first inductor conductor layer connected to the first outer electrode, and a second inductor conductor layer adjacent to the first inductor conductor layer on another side in the lamination direction. The via hole conductor connecting the first inductor conductor layer and the second inductor conductor layer is provided closer to the first outer electrode than the second outer electrode, and when viewed in plan view from a normal direction of the first end surface, does not overlap with the first outer electrode.

Abstract: An electronic component includes an inductor including an inductor body and first and second external electrodes, the first and second external electrodes including first and second body portions and first and second band portions extended from the first and second body portions to portions of an upper surface of the inductor body in a thickness direction, respectively; and first and second metal frames including first and second upper horizontal portions bonded to the first and second band portions, respectively, first and second lower horizontal portions disposed below the inductor body to be spaced apart from each other, and first and second vertical portions connecting end portions of the first and second upper horizontal portions and end portions of the first and second lower horizontal portions to each other and disposed to be spaced apart from the first and second body portions, respectively.

Abstract: Outer terminal electrodes form exposed surfaces that extend in the form of a substantially L shape while at least part thereof are embedded in a component main-body. A loop conductor layer of the coil conductor has a lower side portion, lateral side portions, oblique side portions, and an upper side portion. The lower side portion has a length shorter than a gap between outer terminal electrodes, and is positioned within a range of the gap.

Abstract: There are provided a coil device, a method for manufacturing the coil, and a wireless power transfer system-charger or a wireless power transfer system-device, which includes the coil device. A coil device includes: a substrate including first and second terminals; and a first coil disposed on one surface of the substrate, the first coil being disposed while turning at least once, wherein the first coil includes a plurality of wires self-bonded to be stacked on the substrate, wherein one sides of the plurality of wires are commonly connected to the first terminal, and the other sides of the plurality of wires are commonly connected to the second terminal.

Abstract: A coil device includes a first coil portion which faces a second coil portion of another coil device and has a conductive wire, and at least one non-magnetic member disposed on an opposite side from a side facing the second coil portion. The non-magnetic member includes an eddy current interrupter for changing a state of an eddy current formed in the non-magnetic member by interrupting a portion of the eddy current.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sintered NdFeB magnet having high coercivity (HcJ) a high maximum energy product ((BH)max) and a high squareness ratio (SQ) even when the sintered magnet has a thickness of 5 mm or more. The sintered NdFeB magnet is produced by diffusing Dy and/or Tb in grain boundaries in a base material of the sintered NdFeB magnet by a grain boundary diffusion process. The sintered NdFeB magnet is characterized in that the amount of rare earth in a metallic state in the base material is between 12.7 and 16.0% in atomic ratio, a rare earth-rich phase continues from the surface of the base material to a depth of 2.5 mm from the surface at the grain boundaries of the base material, and the grain boundaries in which RH has been diffused by the grain boundary diffusion process reach a depth of 2.5 mm from the surface.

Abstract: A first substrate includes a substrate main body including a first principal surface and a second principal surface opposing each other in a first direction, first and second connection electrodes disposed on the first principal surface, and third and fourth connection electrodes disposed on the second principal surface. A first metal terminal includes a first connection portion electrically connected with the first connection electrode, and a first leg portion extending from the first connection portion. A second metal terminal includes a second connection portion electrically connected with the fourth connection electrode, and a second leg portion extending from the second connection portion. A multilayer capacitor is disposed on the first principal surface side of the first substrate, and an overcurrent protection device is disposed on the second principal surface side of the first substrate. The second connection electrode and the third connection electrode are electrically connected to each other.

Abstract: An electronic component body includes an internal electrode that is partially extended to a surface of the electronic component body and is connected to an external electrode including a conductive material-containing resin layer including a conductive material and a resin layer and a plated layer covering the conductive material-containing resin layer. The conductive material-containing resin layer includes metal particles as the conductive material, and the plated layer extends from the surface of the conductive material-containing resin layer into the conductive material-containing resin layer such that the plated layer coats at least some of the metal particles.

Abstract: There are disclosed a multilayer ceramic capacitor and a method of manufacturing the same. The multilayer ceramic capacitor includes: a ceramic body having a first side and a second side opposed to each other and having a third side and a fourth side connecting the first side to the second side, a plurality of inner electrodes formed within the ceramic body, and outer electrodes formed on the third side and the fourth side and electrically connected to the inner electrodes. A distance from distal edges of the inner electrodes to the first side or the second side of the ceramic body is 30 ?m or less.

Abstract: There is provided a multilayer ceramic electronic component including: a ceramic body including dielectric layers and satisfying T/W>1.0 when a width thereof is W and a thickness thereof is T; and first and second internal electrodes stacked to face each other, having the dielectric layer interposed therebetween, within the ceramic body, wherein when an average width of the first and second internal electrodes stacked at an upper portion of the ceramic body in a thickness direction is M1 and an average width of the first and second internal electrodes stacked at a lower portion of the ceramic body in the thickness direction is M2, M1>M2 is satisfied.

Abstract: A process for producing a supercapacitor cell, comprising: (a) Continuously feeding a conductive porous layer to a cathode material impregnation zone, wherein the conductive porous layer contains interconnected electron-conducting pathways and at least 70% by volume of pores; (b) Impregnating a wet cathode active material mixture (containing a cathode active material and an optional conductive additive mixed with a liquid electrolyte) into pores of this porous layer to form a cathode electrode; (c) Preparing an anode electrode in a similar manner; and (d) Stacking an anode electrode, a porous separator, and a cathode electrode to form the supercapacitor, wherein the anode electrode and/or the cathode electrode has a thickness no less than 100 ?m; and/or wherein the anode or cathode active material constitutes an electrode active material loading no less than 7 mg/cm2 in the anode or the cathode.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for producing a microporous metal foil by forming fine pores in a metal foil passing through a gap between a pattern roll having high-hardness fine particles on the surface and a hard metal roll; (a) a plastic sheet laminate comprising a soft plastic layer and a hard plastic layer having high tensile strength being interposed between the metal foil and the hard metal roll, with the soft plastic layer on the metal foil side; and (b) mechanical vibration being given to at least one of the pattern roll and the hard metal roll.

Abstract: The invention disclosed is a knife blade switch 2 having copper jaws 10 and a copper blade 4 with a steel end-plate 6 fastened to the free end of the blade, the steel end-plate having a higher resistivity than the resistivity of the copper blade and copper jaws. As the copper blade is withdrawn from the copper jaws, the steel end-plate of the blade remains in contact with a higher resistivity steel jaw-spring mounted on and electrically connected to the copper jaws. The connection of the steel end-plate 6 of the blade with the steel jaw-spring 12 imposes a greater resistance path for the current flowing through the switch than through the copper blade 4 and copper jaws 10, so that an arc formed at the plate and jaw-spring has a diminished current, over what would otherwise occur with a copper blade and jaws, when the contact separation occurs.

Abstract: A remote control device may be configured to be mounted over the toggle actuator of a light switch and to control a load control device via wireless communication. The remote control device may include a base portion and a rotating portion supported by the base portion so as to be rotatable about the base portion. The remote control device may include a control circuit and a wireless communication circuit. The control circuit may be operably coupled to the rotating portion and to the wireless communication circuit. The control circuit may be configured to translate a force applied to the rotating portion of the remote control device into a control signal and to cause the communication circuit to transmit the control signal to the load control device.

Abstract: An improved interruption apparatus includes a plurality of poles, with each of the poles including an actuator. In one embodiment, the actuator can be a fuse having a movable engagement element, and in another embodiment the actuator can be an electric coil that is operable to move a movable engagement element. The interruption apparatus has a single trip unit, and the engagement element of any actuator can actuate the trip unit to move all of the poles from a CLOSED state to an OPEN state.

Abstract: An indicator system for an electronic miniature circuit breaker that has tripped and therefore has no power to provide its own trip indication comprises a breaker in a tripping state and an adjacent breaker in a nontripping state, both with aligned indicator light tubes and data transmission lines or light pipes. The tripped, or tripping, breaker sends a Notice of Trip Data signal before its contacts open and its power goes out, or does so on reserve power. A neighboring breaker's transceiver receives the Notice of Trip Data signal, encodes it, and then repeats it back via an LED and indicator light tube to the tripped breaker. The trip occurrence has opened a shutter on the tripped breaker which allows it to display the repeated Notice of Trip Data signal as a visible light indication through an indicator window in its top wall.

Abstract: A first conductive strip connected to a package that interacts with and creates a circuit with a second conductive strip connected to a battery-operated product inside the package is provided. The battery-operated product may be tested while in the package by pressing the first conductive strip against the second conductive strip with an electrical break. The first conductive strip eliminates the electrical break and completes a circuit path with the second conductive strip allowing activation of some or all of the electronic parts of the battery operated product located inside the package. Activation occurs without opening the package allowing it to be returned to shelf for sale in a new condition.

Abstract: A heat-reactive switch includes an airtight container with a housing and a lid plate, two conductive terminal pins fixed in through-holes in the lid plate, a fixed contact point fixed on one of the conductive terminal pins, a heater connected to the other conductive terminal pin and to the lid plate, a heat-reactive plate connected to the housing internal surface, the bending direction becoming inverted at a predetermined temperature, and a mobile contact point provided at the end of the heat-reactive plate. A heating element has a plurality of serpentine portions made from a metal plate in ribbon form, disposed between the lid plate and the heat-reactive plate so as to be parallel thereto. At least two of the serpentine portions are disposed to face each other while sandwiching the conductive terminal pin. Each portion follows the inner peripheral surface of the housing and have planar portions facing each other.

Abstract: A reduced height relay block for use within a power distribution device for a vehicle electrical system. In one embodiment, there is provided a power distribution device that routes or distributes power throughout a vehicle electrical system and includes a lower housing, a relay block assembly, a module with a printed circuit board (PCB), an array of serviceable electrical components, and an upper cover. The relay block assembly includes a relay block with an upper side that is generally planar and includes a number of cavities for receiving the serviceable electrical components. An underside of the upper cover includes clearance ribs specifically designed to oppose certain serviceable electrical components and prevent them from backing out of their respective cavities.

Abstract: A system and method for an automatic transfer switch comprising a fixed contact (26), a first oscillating rod (16) communicatively and operatively connected to a first movable contact (25), a second oscillating rod (18) communicatively and operatively connected to a second movable contact (27), a link rod (12) communicatively and operable connected to the first and second oscillating rods (16, 18), a guide plate (20), and a permanent magnetic actuator (2) comprising a first end and a second end communicatively and operatively connected to the link rod (12) via a third oscillating rod (8), wherein the first end being energized independently of the second end. The automatic transfer switch is operable to position the guide plate (20) based at least on a permanent magnetic force applied to the first end or the second end of the permanent magnetic actuator.