Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed relate to polymeric clay stabilizers including at least one ionic repeating unit for treatment of subterranean formations. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of treating a subterranean formation that can include obtaining or providing a composition comprising including a polymeric clay stabilizer including at least one ionic repeating unit, wherein the clay stabilizer has a melting point or glass transition temperature that is equal to or less than 100° C. The method can also include placing the composition in a subterranean formation.

Abstract: A drilling fluid composition that contains micronized barite particles with a particle size in the range of 1 to 5 ?m, and also a method of fracturing a subterranean formation using the drilling fluid composition. Various embodiments of the micronized barite particles and the method of making thereof, the drilling fluid composition, and the method of fracturing a subterranean formation are also provided.

Abstract: Aqueous emulsions containing a crosslinking agent, an emulsifying agent, a vegetable oil, and optionally a freeze point depressing agent are provided. Also provided are fluids that include the aqueous emulsion and a crosslinkable organic polymer, and additional fluids that contain the aqueous emulsion, a crosslinkable organic polymer and a proppant. The aqueous emulsions and fluids are useful in a variety of oil field and gas field applications. Furthermore, methods for the recovery of petroleum using the fluids described herein are also provided.

Abstract: A hydraulic fracturing process comprises combining an aqueous carrier with a superabsorbent polymer and a plurality of proppant particles to form a fracturing fluid; and disposing the fracturing fluid in a downhole environment. When the aqueous carrier has a total dissolved solid content of equal to or less than 400 parts per million and a hardness of less than 100 parts per million as calcium carbonate, the superabsorbent polymer comprises particles having a size of about 145 microns to about 600 microns. When the aqueous carrier has a total dissolved solid content of greater than 400 parts per million to less than 8,000 parts per million and a hardness of greater than 100 parts per million to less than 2,500 parts per million as calcium carbonate, the superabsorbent polymer comprises particles having a size of about 145 microns to about 300 microns.

Abstract: A method of improving the flow of a proppant pack or gravel pack comprises: introducing into a subterranean formation or a well a plurality of ceramic particles, the ceramic particles comprising about 0.1 wt. % to about 25 wt. % of a rare earth-containing compound, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles; and forming a proppant pack or gravel pack comprising the plurality of the ceramic particles; wherein the proppant pack or gravel pack improves fluid flow as compared with a reference proppant pack or gravel pack formed from otherwise identical ceramic particles except for being free of the rare earth-containing compound.

Abstract: A variable strength proppant pack may be useful in maintaining a higher porosity and conductivity of the proppant pack over time. Forming a variable strength proppant pack may involve introducing a fluid having a composition into a subterranean formation having a fracture network therein, wherein the fluid composition changes between a plurality of compositions that comprise: a first proppant-laden fluid comprising first proppant particles, and a second proppant-laden fluid comprising second proppant particles having a crush strength greater than a crush strength of the first proppant particles; and forming a proppant pack in at least a portion of the fracture network, the proppant pack having first proppant portions comprising the first proppant particles and second proppant portions comprising the second proppant particles.

Abstract: Methods of introducing into a subterranean formation a series of treatment fluids comprising one of micro-proppant particulates, micro-degradable particulates, branch-proppant particulates, branch-degradable particulates, main-proppant particulates, and main-degradable particulates and placing the particulates into portions of microfracture(s), branch fracture(s), and main fracture(s) to increase fracture complexity of a fracture network in the subterranean formation.

Abstract: Methods including preparing a silanization composition comprising an aqueous base fluid and an alkyltrialkoxysilane; coating the silanization composition at least partially onto proppant particulates, thereby forming coated proppant particulates, wherein the silanization composition imparts hydrophobicity to the proppant particulates; and introducing the coated proppant particulates into a subterranean formation. The alkyltrialkoxysilane in the silanization composition may have the formula R1(OR2)3Si, where R1 is a C8 to C22 alkyl chain and R2 is an alkyl group selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, butyl, tert-butyl, isopropyl, and any combination thereof.

Abstract: A method of treating a subterranean formation including providing a plant oil-based (POB) liquid hardenable resin, providing proppant particles, providing a hardening agent, combining the POB liquid hardenable resin and the hardening agent to form a resin compound, coating the resin compound onto at least a portion of the proppant particles to create resin-coated proppant particles, and placing the coated proppant particles into a subterranean formation zone, wherein the resin compound does not substantially cure prior to placing the resin coated proppant particles into the subterranean formation zone.

Abstract: A photochromic article is provided, containing a polymer and a polyoxometalate and counter cation complex distributed in the polymer. A method of forming a photochromic film is also provided, including forming a composition containing a polymer or a precursor of the polymer and a polyoxometalate and counter cation complex and preparing a film from the composition, the film containing the polyoxometalate and counter cation complex distributed in the polymer. Further, a precursor composition is provided, including a polymer or a precursor of the polymer and a polyoxometalate anion and a counter cation.

Abstract: A carbon-coated vanadium dioxide particle includes a vanadium dioxide particle; and a coating layer containing amorphous carbon on a surface of the vanadium dioxide particle, the amorphous carbon being derived from carbon contained in an oxazine resin, and having a peak intensity ratio of a G band to a band of 1.5 or greater as determined from a Raman spectrum. The coating layer has an average thickness of 50 nm or less. The coating layer has a coefficient of variation (CV value) of thickness of 7% or less.

Abstract: Particles comprising a composite core and a continuous inorganic coating covering the composite core, wherein the composite core comprises a continuous non-metallic inorganic matrix, ligands, and quantum dots, wherein the matrix comprise up to 40 volume percent, and wherein the coating has an average thickness up to 5 micrometers; and method of making the particles. Particles described here are useful, for example, to make articles (e.g., film).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for preparing a multilayer of nanocrystals. The method comprises the steps of (i) coating nanocrystals surface-coordinated by a photosensitive compound, or a mixed solution of a photosensitive compound and nanocrystals surface-coordinated by a material miscible with the photosensitive compound, on a substrate, drying the coated substrate, and exposing the dried substrate to UV light to form a first monolayer of nanocrystals, and (ii) repeating the procedure of step (i) to form one or more monolayers of nanocrystals on the first monolayer of nanocrystals.

Abstract: Present invention provides a process for the synthesis of size and composition tunable colloidal PbMgS core and PbMgS/MS core shell quantum dots emitting in the near infrared (NIR) region of the spectrum in a single operation in a continuous flow reactor. M includes at least one of Cd, Mg, Zn and Cu metals.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for fabricating a phosphor. A first solution is formed by dissolving potassium hexafluorogermanate (K2GeF6) and either K2MnF6 or KMnO4 in a hydrofluoric acid solution. An anhydrous ethanol is added to the first solution to make a total concentration of fluoride ions of potassium hexafluorogermanate (K2GeF6), hydrofluoric acid, and either K2MnF6 or KMnO4 equal to or less than 48M to form a precipitate. Afterward, the precipitate is collected.

Abstract: Metal halide scintillators are described. More particularly, the scintillators include doped (e.g., europium-doped) ternary metal halides, such as those of the formulas A2BX4 and AB2X5, wherein A is an alkali metal, such as Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs or any combination thereof; B is an alkali earth metal, such as Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba or any combination thereof; and X is a halide, such as Cl, Br, I, F or any combination thereof. Radiation detectors comprising the novel metal halide scintillators and other ternary metal halides, such as those of the formulas A2EuX4 and AEu2X5, wherein A is an alkali metal and X is a halide, are also described.

Abstract: A nano-composite structure comprises of an amorphous matrix with embedded nano-crystallites. The nano-crystallites are precipitated from the amorphous matrix via heat treatment of a solution mixture of metal salts or metalorganic compounds to an appropriate temperature range and with a suitable duration, or heating of a mixture of non-crystalline compounds. The nano-crystallites are self-assembled in the amorphous matrix without forming agglomerates or distinguished grain boundaries. The nano-composite structure can be used for transparent display, transparent optical ceramics, protection armor, nuclear protection, pulsed power, high voltage electronics, high energy storage system and high power microwave systems.

Abstract: The invention relates to mesogenic media comprising one or more bimesogenic compounds, one or more nematogenic compound, one or more chiral compound and a compound of formula I, R11-A11-(Z12-A12)m-AG??I in which, the parameter A11, A12, Z12 and R11 have one of the meanings as given in claim 1, and to the use of these mesogenic media in liquid crystal devices and in particular in flexoelectric liquid crystal devices, as well as to liquid crystal devices comprising a liquid crystal medium according to the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device that is free from a reduction in the voltage holding ratio (VHR) of the liquid crystal layer and an increase in ion density (ID) and that enables problems of defective display, such as white spots, uneven alignment, and image-sticking, to be eliminated. In particular, the present invention provides a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal compound having a specific structure is used in the liquid crystal layer and in which an optically anisotropic body formed through polymerization of a polymerizable liquid crystal composition containing a specific amount of a polymerizable liquid crystal compound having a specific structure is used as an in-cell retardation layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of liquid crystal technology, and more particularly to an alignment film being applied in a PSVA liquid crystal display panel and including a first branched chain M and a second branched chain Q bonded on polyimide as a main chain and thus having a structure as shown in the following formula: The first branched chain M is a group applied to deflect the liquid crystal in a distribution state; the second branched chain Q is a group containing nitrobenzophenone or benzoquinonyl. The invention also provides a liquid crystal display panel using the alignment film. The invention can effectively suppress the broken bright point issue of panel and thereby improve panel quality.

Abstract: An alignment film material and a method of producing an alignment film are described. The alignment film material has polyimide and crosslinked polymer. The crosslinked polymer is formed from a first component through a crosslinking reaction. A crosslink density of the alignment film can be enhanced without additionally adding a catalyst, so as to increase a hardness of the alignment film.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method for devolatizing a solid feedstock. The solid feedstock is treated to a produce a particle size laying between 1 cm3 and 100 cm3. The solid feedstock is passed into a device connected to an outlet of a compaction screw auger comprising an assembly including a solid feedstock injector, a retort, a side arm for injecting a heated gas comprising hydrogen, and a process auger. The solid feedstock is contacted with the heated gas at a temperature of 500° C. to 1000° C. for a time of 60 seconds to 120 seconds, whereby the solid feedstock is converted into a gas stream and a solid stream.

Abstract: Clean, safe and efficient methods, systems, and processes for utilizing thermolysis methods to processes to convert various carpet, rug, polymeric materials and other waste sources, such as solid waste, tires, manure, auto shredder residue, glass and carbon fiber composite materials, municipal solid wastes, medical wastes, waste wood and the like into a Clean Fuel Gas and Char source are disclosed. The invention processes the carpet, rug, polymeric material to effectively shred and/or grind the waste source, such as post-consumer carpet remnants and waste, and then process using thermolysis methods to destroy and/or separate halogen and other dangerous components to provide a Clean Fuel Gas and Char source. Additional waste sources, such as solid waste, tires, manure, auto shredder residue, glass and carbon fiber composite materials, municipal solid wastes, medical wastes, waste wood and the like, are suitable for the processing of the invention disclosed.

Abstract: Clean, safe and efficient methods, systems, and processes for utilizing thermolysis methods to processes to convert various e-waste sources into Clean Fuel Gas and Char source are disclosed. The invention processes e-waste sources, such as for example whole circuit boards, to effectively shred and/or grind the waste source, and then process using thermolysis methods to destroy and/or separate halogen and other dangerous components to provide a Clean Fuel Gas and Char source, along with the ability to recover precious metals and other valuable components from the Char.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a one-step liquid biphasic catalytic process for converting a carbohydrate-containing feedstock, preferably lignocellulose, to light naphtha (e.g., hexane, pentane, methyl cyclopentane, cyclohexane, etc.) in the presence of an acidic reactive aqueous phase and a redox catalyst in the organic extracting/reaction phase. The process provides a cost-effective route for producing light-naphtha components, in presence or not of deoxygenates. The light naphtha components are useful as feedstock for steam and catalytic cracking to produce value-added platform molecules like ethylene and propylene, as precursor for the synthesis of bioaromatics like benzene and as gasoline fuel feedstock, and as fuel additives (e.g., the concomitantly formed oxygenates) to improve the biological origin of carbon in the fuel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a Fischer-Tropsch gasoil fraction having an initial boiling point of at least 200° C. and a final boiling point of at most 300° C. In another aspect the present invention provides a composition and the use of a Fisc- her-Tropsch gasoil fraction according to the invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a Fischer-Tropsch gasoil fraction having an initial boiling point of at least 160° C. and a final boiling point of at most 215° C. In another aspect the present invention provides a composition and the use of a Fischer-Tropsch gasoil fraction according to the invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a Fischer-Tropsch gasoil fraction having: (a) an initial boiling point of at least 250° C.; (b) a final boiling point of at most 350° C.; (c) a kinematic viscosity at 25° C. according to ASTM D445 of from 4.0 to 4.6 cSt; and (d) a flash point according to ASTM D93 of at least 117° C. In another aspect the present invention provides a composition and the use of a Fischer-Tropsch gasoil fraction according to the invention.

Abstract: A unique process and catalyst is described that operates efficiently for the direct production of a high cetane diesel type fuel or diesel type blending stock from stochiometric mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This invention allows for, but is not limited to, the economical and efficient production high quality diesel type fuels from small or distributed fuel production plants that have an annual production capacity of less than 10,000 barrels of product per day, by eliminating traditional wax upgrading processes. This catalytic process is ideal for distributed diesel fuel production plants such as gas to liquids production and other applications that require optimized economics based on supporting distributed feedstock resources.

Abstract: The conversion of renewable feedstock, particularly camelina oil, into jet fuel and other high-value chemicals. The conversion comprises the processes of alkene metathesis, dehydrogenation, hydrogenation, and vacuum distillation.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to a method for cracking and/or demulsification of hydrocarbons and/or fatty acids in emulsions, wherein these hydrocarbons and/or fatty acids in emulsions are exposed to an electromagnetic field created by a microwave emitting process, whereas this electromagnetic field is correlated with the oscillation frequency of the longer chained molecules of these hydrocarbons and/or fatty acids, by either adapting the exact correlated frequency and/or by adjusting the electromagnetic field to the properties of the targeted hydrocarbon and/or fatty acid molecules and its emulsions by adding suitable catalysts and by applying the correlated microwave output power.

Abstract: A method and composition for isolating a paraffinic hydrocarbon layer from a sludge comprising a mixture of paraffinic hydrocarbons, water, and solids are provided. The method comprises providing a paraffinic hydrocarbon isolation composition comprising isopropylamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate, a surfactant, and a solvent; contacting the sludge with the paraffinic hydrocarbon isolation composition; and allowing the paraffinic hydrocarbon isolation composition to separate the sludge into a three phase separation comprising a paraffinic hydrocarbon layer, a water layer, and a layer of settled solids.

Abstract: A method and composition for isolating a paraffinic hydrocarbon layer from a sludge comprising paraffinic hydrocarbons, water, and solids. The method includes contacting the sludge with isopropylamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate, a cutter stock, and water. The isopropylamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate comprises a concentration of at least 1500 ppm. The ratio of sludge:cutter:water is at least 4:2:1. The method also includes determining if the sludge has separated into a three phase separation comprising a paraffinic hydrocarbon layer, a water layer, and a layer of settled solids.

Abstract: A method and system isolate paraffinic hydrocarbons. In an embodiment, a method includes providing cutter stock to a tank containing a sludge. The method also includes circulating the cutter stock and the sludge. The method further includes heating the cutter stock and the sludge. Moreover, the method includes providing water and a paraffinic hydrocarbon isolation composition to the tank. The method also includes determining if the sludge has separated into a three phase separation comprising a paraffinic hydrocarbon layer, a water layer, and a layer of settled solids.

Abstract: A process for separating water from pyrolysis gasoline obtained from a steam cracking step uses a coalescer for the water separation. And a device comprises a coalescer for water separation from pyrolysis gasoline.

Abstract: The present invention provides a Fischer-Tropsch gasoil fraction having an initial boiling point of at least 175° C. and a final boiling point of at most 285° C. In another aspect the present invention provides a fuel composition and the use of a Fischer-Tropsch gasoil fraction according to the invention.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a method and apparatus for upgrading a hydrocarbon feedstock. According to at least one embodiment, the method includes the steps of (a) supplying a hydrocarbon feedstock to an oxidation reactor, wherein the hydrocarbon feedstock is oxidized in the presence of a catalyst under conditions sufficient to selectively oxidize sulfur and nitrogen compounds present in the hydrocarbon feedstock; (b) separating the hydrocarbons and the oxidized sulfur and nitrogen compounds by solvent extraction; (c) collecting a first residue stream that includes the oxidized sulfur and oxidized nitrogen compounds; (d) supplying the first residue stream to a deasphalting unit; (e) supplying the hydrocarbons to an adsorption column to produce a high purity hydrocarbon product and a second residue stream; and (f) supplying spent adsorbent to the deasphalting unit to remove additional contaminants from the high purity hydrocarbon product in the deasphalting unit.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a process for producing gasoline component. More particularly, the invention relates to a process for producing high octane gasoline component using renewable raw material as an additional feedstock. Further, the invention provides a gasoline fuel component having high biocontent obtainable from co-processing of vacuum gas oil and renewable feed stock material in a catalytic cracking unit.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for forming an oligomer product by contacting a feedstock olefin containing trisubstituted olefins with a solid acid catalyst. The oligomer product can be formed at an oligomerization temperature in a range from ?20° C. to 40° C. Polyalphaolefins produced from the oligomer product can have reduced viscosities at low temperatures.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is the use of coatings on charcoal heating materials, such as charcoal briquets, to enhance burn properties. It has been discovered that if one half of a pile of charcoal briquets is dosed with lighter fluid and the other half remains undosed, the entire pile of briquets will light and burn. Thus, the amount of lighter fluid necessary to light a pile of charcoal briquets can be reduced by fifty percent. However, over time (2 to 3 months), the lighter fluid migrates from the dosed briquets to the undosed briquets. Therefore, it has been found that by coating the undosed briquets with a material that prevents the lighter fluid from migrating onto them, solvent migration is reduced and/or eliminated. The coated briquets light a little later than the uncoated briquets resulting in an extension of the cooking phase.

Abstract: A process of making a fuel product from a non-combustible high protein organic material such as a waste material. The high protein organic material is pulverized to a particle size whose particle size less than 2 mm. The moisture content of the high protein organic material is mechanically reduced and dried to reduce the moisture content to less than ten percent (10%). The high protein organic waste material is fed into a combustion chamber and separated during combustion such as by spraying of the high protein organic waste material within the combustion chamber. Temperature and combustion reactions within the combustion chamber may be controlled by injection of steam within the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Concentrates containing specific functionalised diblock copolymers serve as effective additives for improving the cold flow behaviour of fuels and oils, the copolymers being derived from a terminally-unsaturated intermediate polymer obtained via a metallocene process involving hydrogen.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for a metal belt-type continuously variable transmission with a high metal-to-metal friction coefficient and excellent anti-fatigue and anti-seizure properties is provided. The composition contains a lubricating base oil and (A) a high overbased alkaline earth metal sulfonate having a base number of 300 to 500 mgKOH/g in an amount of 0.01 to 0.03 percent by mass as alkaline earth metal, (B) a low overbased alkaline earth metal sulfonate with a base number of 0 to 40 mgKOH/g in an amount of 0.005 to 0.015 percent by mass as alkaline earth metal, and (C) a sulfur-containing phosphite ester in an amount of 0.02 to 0.06 percent by mass as phosphorus. The ratio ([M]/[P]) of the content of (B) as alkaline earth metal ([M]) to the content of (C) as phosphorus ([P]) is 0.15 or greater.

Abstract: Lubricant composition formulations comprising at least one biodegradable plastic, such as polyhydroxyalkanoate and/or polybutylene succinate, and at least one lubricant, such as a vegetable oil.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to an additive composition for engine oils comprising; (a) an alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride and (b) a polyamine compound and (C) Co-additives, wherein the reaction product has a ratio of the amide to imide infrared absorption peak areas of about 1:1.2 to about 1.6. The said reaction product is effective to prevent engine deposits along with protecting elastomeric seal material of an internal combustion engine and also improves piston cleanliness and ring sticking performance of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A lubricant composition comprises as a lubricant base, an oil soluble polyalkylene glycol suitable for use as a lubricant in an industrial oil, grease or metal working fluid; and an additive comprising (1) alkylated phenyl-?-naphthylamine; and (2) 2,2,4-trialkyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline.

Abstract: A starch delivery vehicle which includes a starch, a core material, and a lipophilic phosphate ester, wherein the lipophilic phosphate ester at least partially coats the core material.

Abstract: Microcapsules can be formed of a phosphate ester and a multivalent ion. The microcapsules can encapsulate a core material having a C log P value of about 0 or greater. The phosphate ester can be lipophilic and insoluble in aqueous solutions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to treatment compositions containing polymer systems that provide stability and benefit agent deposition as well as methods of making and using same. Such treatment compositions may be used for example as through the wash and/or through the rinse fabric enhancers as well as unit dose treatment compositions.

Abstract: Microfibrillated cellulose, derived from vegetables or wood, can be used to provide a liquid composition which is compatible with a broad range of ingredients suitable for consumer applications, including enzymes, while still providing good structuring of the liquid composition, without affecting ease of pour.