Abstract: A multilayer ceramic capacitor includes a body and at least two outer electrodes. The body includes first and second main surfaces, an inner layer portion and first and second outer layer portions. In the inner layer portion, dielectric layers and conductive layers are alternately stacked on each other. The second outer layer portion includes an outer portion and an inner portion. A boundary region adjacent to the inner portion in the outer portion inclines toward the first main surface.

Abstract: An apparatus suitable for use in an air-conditioning system and configured to provide a plurality of selectable capacitance values includes a plurality of capacitive devices and a pressure interrupter cover assembly. Each of the capacitive devices has a first capacitor terminal and a second capacitor terminal. The pressure interrupter cover assembly includes a deformable cover, a set of capacitor cover terminals, a common cover terminal, and a set of insulation structures. The apparatus also includes a conductor configured to electrically connect the second capacitor terminal of at least one of the capacitive devices to the common cover terminal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing an electrolytic capacitor, the process comprising process steps i) ii): i) providing a capacitor body (1) that comprises an electrode body (2) of an electrode material, a dielectric (3) which at least partially covers the surface of this electrode material, and a solid electrolyte (4) at least comprising an electrically conductive material which at least partially covers the dielectric surface; ii) applying at least one primer compound e) to the capacitor body (1), followed by an application of a solution or dispersion a) comprising a conjugated polymer b) and a solvent or dispersant d), followed by an at least partial removal of the solvent or dispersant d) for the formation of the polymeric outer layer (5) that is formed onto the capacitor body (1); wherein the primer compound e) is a di- or polyfunctional monomeric compound comprising at least one amine group, which optionally may be protonated, and at least one carboxylic or sulfonic acid group

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an energy storage system comprising at least one capacitive energy storage device and a DC-voltage conversion device. The capacitive energy storage device comprises at least one metacapacitor. The output voltage of the capacitive energy storage device is the input voltage of the DC-voltage conversion device. The capacitive energy storage system is capable of being charged from a power generation system and/or an electrical grid and discharging energy to a load and/or electrical grid. The capacitive energy storage system is configurable to supply external power as an operating power in a first state in which the external power is applied and/or to supply power as the operating power in a second state in which the external power is not applied.

Abstract: An improved solid electrolytic capacitor, and method of making the solid electrolytic capacitor, is described. The solid electrolytic capacitor comprises a pressed powder anode and a braided lead wire extending from the anode. A dielectric is on the anode and a cathode is on the dielectric.

Abstract: A solid or quasisolid state hole transport material (HTM) includes the following complex: in which M is copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), silver (Ag), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V) cobalt (Co); and each structure represents an at least 6,6? disubstituted 2,2?-bipyridine, or an at least 2,9 disubstituted 1,10-phenanthroline Electronic devices, such as solar cells can include the solid or quasisolid state HTM, in which the complex is the main hole conducting compound of the HTM.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for single crystal organometallic halide perovskites, methods of making, methods of use, devices incorporating single crystal organometallic halide perovskites, and the like.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell that is excellent in photoelectric conversion efficiency, suffers little degradation during encapsulation (initial degradation), has high-humidity durability, and is excellent in temperature cycle resistance. The present invention provides a solar cell including: a laminate having an electrode, a counter electrode, and a photoelectric conversion layer disposed between the electrode and the counter electrode; and an encapsulation material covering the counter electrode to encapsulate the laminate, the photoelectric conversion layer including an organic-inorganic perovskite compound represented by the formula: R-M-X3, R representing an organic molecule, M representing a metal atom, X representing a halogen atom or a chalcogen atom, the encapsulation material including a resin having at least one skeleton selected from the group consisting of polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, and polybutadiene.

Abstract: Transmission of low energy light is one of the primary loss mechanisms of a single junction solar cell. Molecular photon upconversion via triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA-UC)—combining two or more low energy photons to generate a higher energy excited state—is an intriguing strategy to surpass this limit. The present disclosure is directed to self-assembled multilayers, e.g., bi- or trilayers, on metal oxide surfaces as a strategy to facilitate TTA-UC emission and demonstrate direct charge separation of the upconverted state. A three-fold enhancement in transient photocurrent is achieved at light intensities as low as two equivalent suns.

Abstract: Hybrid electrochemical capacitors, electronic devices using such capacitors, and associated methods are disclosed. In an example, a hybrid electrochemical capacitor can include a first electrode made from Mg, Na, Zn, Al, Sn, or Li, a second electrode made from a porous material such as porous carbon or passivated porous silicon, and an electrolyte. The hybrid electrochemical capacitors can have enhanced voltage and energy density compared to other electrochemical capacitors, and enhanced power density compared to batteries.

Abstract: Novel compositions of vertically oriented graphene nanosheets on aluminum electrodes are provided. These compositions are particularly useful for advanced electrolytic capacitors and fast response electric double layer capacitors. These compositions include a polycrystalline carbon layer, and an adjacent aluminum oxide layer that does not preclude ohmic contact between the carbon layer and an aluminum substrate.

Abstract: An electrochemical device is constituted by a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and separators that are wound in such a way that the first principal face of the negative electrode and third principal face of the positive electrode are on the inner side of winding, while the second principal face of the negative electrode and fourth principal face of the positive electrode are on the outer side of winding, with the separators separating the positive electrode and negative electrode; wherein the second principal face has a first region opposed to the positive electrode via the separator and a second region on the outermost side of winding and not opposed to the positive electrode, the second region includes a first uncoated region where no negative electrode active material layer is formed, and a metal lithium is joined to the first uncoated region and immersed in electrolytic solution.

Abstract: Disclosed are a disconnecting switch and an earthing switch for a gas insulated switchgear capable of implementing three positions by a single operator and may have a stable interpolarity contact. According to the present invention, the size of a gas-insulated switchgear may be reduced by operating a disconnecting switch and an earthing switch by a single operator, and implementing three positions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a switch assembly (1), in particular a preselector, for a variable transformer (4) having a first winding (2) and a second winding (3) with a first and a second tap (3.3, 3.4), said switch assembly comprising: a first connection terminal (2.1) that can be connected to the first winding (2); a second connection terminal (3.1) that can be connected to the first tap (3.3); a third connection terminal (3.2) that can be connected to the second tap (3.4); a first, second, third and fourth fixed contact (5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4); a vacuum interrupter (6); a first moving contact (7) that can be contacted selectively with the first or second fixed contact (5.1, 5.2); a second moving contact (8) that can be contacted selectively with the third or fourth fixed contact (5.3, 5.4), wherein the second and the fourth fixed contact (5.2, 5.4) are connected to the second connection terminal (3.1), the first and the third fixed contact (5.1, 5.

Abstract: A switch board of a board unit includes a switch board including an exposed portion exposed to an outside, a non-exposed portion not exposed to the outside, and a switch provided in the non-exposed portion. The non-exposed portion of the switch board is covered with the cover portion. The cover portion is formed as one piece with the switch board in the state in which liquid-tightness is kept between the cover portion and the non-exposed portion, and liquid is prevented from flowing from the outside of the board unit into the non-exposed portion.

Abstract: A circuit breaker includes an accessory pocket, an accessory cover and a locking device to lock the circuit breaker such that an unauthorized switching of the circuit breaker from OFF to ON or from ON to OFF states is prevented. The locking device includes a first subassembly including a pocket housing. The first subassembly is configured to be installed in the accessory pocket. The locking device further includes a second subassembly including a cylinder lock. The second subassembly is configured to be mounted to the accessory cover. The first subassembly and the second subassembly are configured to self align upon final assembly of the circuit breaker to perform a locking function of the circuit breaker. In this way, the locking device prevents circumvention of a locking feature and selectively provides an ability to lock in an ON state of the circuit breaker.

Abstract: A two terminal arc suppressor for protecting switch, relay or contactor contacts and the like comprises a two terminal module adapted to be attached in parallel with the contacts to be protected and including a circuit for deriving an operating voltage upon the transitioning of the switch, relay or contactor contacts from a closed to an open disposition, the power being rectified arid the resulting DC signal used to trigger a power triac switch via an optoisolator circuit whereby arc suppression pulses are generated for short predetermined intervals only at a transition of the mechanical switch, relay or contactor contacts from an closed to an open transition and, again, at an open to a close transition during contact bounce conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an actuating method and device which allows mechanically converting rotational movement into helicoidal movement, said helicoidal movement including considerable travel in the axial direction. To that end, the device comprises a rotating rod (1) inside a fixed outer body (2). The rod (1) comprises an emerging lug (4) sliding between two parallel surfaces (3) of the outer body (2), said parallel surfaces (3) being inclined with respect to the axial axis (5) of the rod (1).

Abstract: A bypass switch includes: a casing; a vacuum interrupter disposed inside the casing, the vacuum interrupter being disposed such that a movable contact is movable to a fixed contact; a first fixing bus-bar fixed to the casing; a second fixing bus-bar fixed to the casing to be spaced apart from the first fixing bus-bar; a moving pusher connected to the movable contact; a drive source installed in the casing, the drive source pushing the moving pusher to a position at which the movable contact and the fixed contact are contacted with each other; and a multi-contactor disposed to be contacted with the moving pusher. Accordingly, the moving pusher can rapidly contact the movable contact with the fixed contact. Further, the moving pusher can be moved with a small external force. Thus, it is possible to minimize the size of the drive source and the power used in the drive source.

Abstract: A multi-mode air compressor pressure switch is disclosed. A first mode of operation of the switch has a first range that includes a first cut-out pressure and a first cut-in pressure. A second mode of operation of the switch has a second range that includes a second cut-out pressure and a second cut-in pressure. The second range is smaller than the first range. The second mode of operation adds compressor output over the first mode of operation to extend operable time of a tool that is connected to a compressor that is controlled by the first mode and the second mode.

Abstract: In a protective circuit substrate having a circuit substrate and a protective element, the protective element including: an insulating substrate; a heat-generating element; first and second electrodes laminated on the insulating substrate; a first and second connecting terminals provided on one side edge of a mounting surface to be mounted to the circuit substrate, the first connecting terminals being continuous with the first and second electrodes; a heat-generating element extracting electrode provided in a current path between the first and second electrodes and electrically connected to the heat-generating element; and a meltable conductor provided between the first and second electrodes, wherein the circuit substrate includes a region for mounting the protective element in which no electrode pattern other than a connecting electrode to the protective element is provided.

Abstract: A protective element includes: a rectangurarly shaped insulating substrate; a heat-generating element formed on the insulating substrate; first and second electrodes laminated on a surface of the insulating substrate; first and second connecting terminals provided on a back surface of the insulating substrate and being continuous with the first and second electrodes; a heat-generating element extracting electrode provided on a current path between the first and the second electrodes and electrically connected to the heat-generating element; and a meltable conductor laminated on a region extending from the heat-generating element extracting electrode to the first and second electrodes and to be melted by heat to interrupt the current path between the first electrode and the second electrodes; wherein at least one of the corner portions of the insulating substrate is chamfered.

Abstract: A protective element includes: an insulating substrate; a heat-generating element formed on the insulating substrate; first and second electrodes formed on side edges of a front surface of the insulating substrate; first and second connecting terminals provided on the back surface of the insulating substrate and being continuous with the electrodes; through-holes penetrating the front and back surfaces of the insulating substrate to connect the electrodes to the connecting terminals respectively; a heat-generating element extracting electrode electrically connected to the heat-generating element; and a meltable conductor laminated on a region extending from the heat-generating element extracting electrode to the electrodes and to be melted by heat to interrupt the current path between the electrodes; wherein the through-holes are formed at a central portion of the side edges of the insulating substrate on which the electrodes are formed.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments relate to an auxiliary relay of an electronic contactor. In some embodiments, an auxiliary relay has its conducting state controlled by a plurality of lead switches, in a non-exposed state of contact parts to the outside. This may prevent dust or foreign materials from clinging to the contact parts.

Abstract: A reed switch is positioned within a housing and an actuation or drive coil is wrapped around a central portion of the housing. A permanent magnet for biasing or holding the reed switch contact in a closed positioned is mounted in the housing outside of and spaced apart from the coil and in direct mechanical contact with a bare uninsulated portion of one of the reed switch leads.

Abstract: A circuit breaker includes a housing, a fixed contact mounted in the housing, a pivot member arranged in the housing, and a pivoting arm moveably mounted in the housing. The pivoting arm includes a moveable contact. The pivoting arm is rotatable about and translatable relative to the pivot member to selectively engage and disengage the fixed and moveable contacts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-pole molded case circuit breaker, more particularly, to a multi-pole molded case circuit breaker having a safety device (with an isolation function) which prevents a manipulation handle from being moved to an off-position when a fusion occurs on a contact portion.

Abstract: A fuse case and a case cover of a vacuum contactor including a truck, a main circuit unit, and a front cover covering a front side of the main circuit unit include a fuse connected to an upper terminal of the main circuit unit and blowing, when a fault current is generated in a circuit, to break the circuit, a fuse case opened in an upper side, accommodating the fuse, and having an insertion coupling part formed on a side surface thereof, and a case cover coupled to an upper side of the fuse case, coupled to the insertion coupling part in an insertion coupling manner, and covering a rear end portion of the fuse, wherein the case cover includes an upper surface portion and side surface portions, and the side surface portions include a first side surface portion and a second side surface portion.

Abstract: A fuse device and a fuse element having excellent rapid blowout properties and excellent insulation properties after blowout even in a size-reduced fuse device are provided. A fuse element constitutes a current path of a fuse device and blows out due to self-generated heat when a rating-exceeding current flows, a length W in a width direction perpendicular to a conduction direction being greater than a total length L in the conduction direction in the fuse element. In particular, the fuse element includes a low melting point metal layer and a high melting point metal layer, the low melting point metal layer eroding the high melting point metal layer when current flows to cause blowout.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a fuse for a device to be protected that is connected in series with the fuse, wherein the series connection is connected to a supply network with a first potential and with a second potential that is different from the first, wherein the fuse has a first contact and a second contact, with the second contact being used to electrically contact the device (8) to be protected, wherein the fuse has a fuse element that connects the first contact to the second contact, wherein the fuse also has an additional contact, with the additional contact being arranged so as to be insulated from the first contact and insulated from the second contact and, in an untripped state, is contactless with respect to the fuse element, with the first contact being directly connected to the first potential during operation and with the device to be protected being directly connected to the second potential (N) during operation, with the additional contact also being directly connected to the second potent

Abstract: A compact, high breaking capacity fuse that includes a top and bottom insulative layer and a single piece fusible element disposed between the top and bottom insulative layer. The top and bottom insulative layers include cavities that are aligned at assembly to form a chamber in which a fusible element portion of the single piece fusible element is disposed. The single piece fusible element additionally includes terminal portions that extend along outer surfaces of the top and bottom insulative layers.

Abstract: A circuit breaker with a switching path has at least one line interruption apparatus, wherein the circuit breaker has a disconnection unit and a connection unit which are each connected to the line interruption apparatus. The switching device has at least one measuring arrangement for measuring at least one electrical variable on the at least one switching path. The disconnection unit further has a comparison and decision unit, which comparison and decision unit is connected to the measuring arrangement and to the line interruption apparatus. The circuit breaker has a first data interface, which first data interface is designed to receive at least one connection command and/or one disconnection command, and wherein the first data interface is connected to the disconnection unit and the connection unit.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to an x-ray source and specifically to an x-ray source suitable for large area x-ray generation. The invention also relates to a system comprising such an x-ray source.

Abstract: Provided is an X-ray generator having: an anode that faces a cathode which generates electrons; a plurality of X-ray generation zones; a casing housing the cathode and the anode; an anode support body for supporting the anode; an air cylinder for producing advancing and retreating movement of the anode support body with respect to the casing; and a stopper device that halts the movement of the anode support body when the anode support body moves in a direction approaching the casing. The stopper device has a rotating plate equipped with a section that enters and exits from between the anode support body and the casing due to rotation, a motor for driving the same, and a plurality of stop members provided in a peripheral section of the rotating plate and having mutually different heights.

Abstract: An X-ray generator including a cathode, an anode provided with two X-ray generation zones, a casing in which the cathode and anode are accommodated, two air cylinders for causing the anode to move, two linear guides for guiding the movement of the anode, and a bellows serving as a seal member. The air cylinders and the linear guides are provided at different positions on a surface orthogonal to a center axis of the bellows. The air cylinders and the linear guides are provided uniformly in relation to the center axis.

Abstract: There is provided a charged particle beam system in which a detector can be placed in an appropriate analysis position. The charged particle beam system (100) includes: a charged particle source (11) for producing charged particles; a sample holder (20) for holding a sample (S); a detector (40) for detecting, in the analysis position, a signal produced from the sample (S) by impingement of the charged particles on the sample (S); a drive mechanism (42) for moving the detector (40) into the analysis position; and a controller (52) for controlling the drive mechanism (42). The controller (52) performs the steps of: obtaining information about the type of the sample holder (20); determining the analysis position on the basis of the obtained information about the type of the sample holder (20); and controlling the drive mechanism (42) to move the detector (40) into the determined analysis position.

Abstract: There are disclosed an aberration correction method and a charged particle beam system capable of correcting off-axis first order aberrations. The aberration correction method is for use in the charged particle beam system (100) equipped with an aberration corrector (30) which has plural stages of multipole elements (32a, 32b) and a transfer lens system (34) disposed between the multipole elements (32a, 32b). The method includes varying the excitation of the transfer lens system (34) and correcting off-axis first order aberrations.

Abstract: A device and method for generating pulses to activate and deactivate a kicker magnet is provided. When the kicker magnet is deactivated the circuit generates and stores a magnetic field in an inductor. When the kicker magnet is activated, the circuit changes configuration so that the magnetic field and current stored in the inductor can provide the necessary current to activate the kicker magnet is a minimal amount of time. The configuration of the circuit changes via the use of switches. The switches can employ Zener diodes arranged so as to provide protection against high voltage events and rogue neutrinos that may bombard the switches when the kicker magnet is used in the context of deflecting a particle beam.

Abstract: The system described herein relates to a particle beam apparatus for analyzing and/or for processing an object and to a method for operating a particle beam apparatus. The particle beam apparatus is designed for example as an electron beam apparatus and/or an ion beam apparatus. The particle beam apparatus comprises a beam deflection device, for example an objective lens, which is provided with a first coil and a second coil. The first coil is operated with a first coil current. The second coil is operated with a second coil current. The first coil current and/or the second coil current may always be controlled in such a way that the sum of the first coil current and the second coil current (the summation current) or the difference between the first coil current and the second coil current (the difference current) is controlled to a setpoint value.

Abstract: There is provided an electron microscope capable of measuring aberration with high accuracy. The electron microscope (100) comprises: an electron beam source (10) for producing an electron beam (EB); an illumination lens system (101) for focusing the electron beam (EB) onto a sample (S); a scanner (12) for scanning the focused electron beam (EB) over the sample (S); an aperture stop (30) having a plurality of detection angle-limiting holes (32) for extracting rays of the electron beam (EB) having mutually different detection angles from the electron beam (EB) transmitted through the sample (S); and a detector (20) for detecting the rays of the electron beam (EB) passed through the aperture stop (30).

Abstract: An improved microreactor for use in microscopy, use of said microreactor, and a microscope comprising said reactor. The present invention is in the field of microscopy, specifically in the field of electron and focused ion beam microscopy (EM and FIB), and in particular Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). However its application is extendable in principle to any field of microscopy, especially wherein characteristics of a (solid) specimen (or sample) are studied in detail, such as during a reaction.

Abstract: An apparatus provided with a wafer processing chamber that houses a wafer supporting mechanism supporting a wafer and is used to irradiate the wafer supported by the wafer supporting mechanism with an ion beam and a transport mechanism housing chamber that houses a transport mechanism provided underneath the wafer processing chamber and used for moving the wafer supporting mechanism in a substantially horizontal direction, wherein an aperture used for moving the wafer supporting mechanism along with a coupling member coupling the wafer supporting mechanism to the transport mechanism is formed in the direction of movement of the transport mechanism in a partition wall separating the wafer processing chamber from the transport mechanism housing chamber.

Abstract: A method for generating cross-sectional profiles using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) includes scanning a sample with an electron beam to gather an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum for an energy level to determine element composition across an area of interest. A mesh is generated to locate positions where a depth profile will be taken. EDS spectra are gathered for energy levels at mesh locations. A number of layers of the sample are determined by distinguishing differences in chemical composition between depths as beam energies are stepped through. A depth profile is generated for the area of interest by compiling the number of layers and the element composition across the mesh.

Abstract: A chamber member of a plasma source is provided and includes a sidewall, a transition member, a top wall and an injector connecting member. The sidewall is cylindrically-shaped and surrounds an upper region of a substrate processing chamber. The transition member is connected to the sidewall. The top wall is connected to the transition member. The injector connecting member is connected to the top wall, positioned vertically higher than the sidewall, and configured to connect to a gas injector. Gas passes through the injector connecting member via the gas injector and into the upper region of the substrate processing chamber. A center height to low inner diameter ratio of the chamber member is 0.25-0.5 and/or a center height to outer height ratio of the chamber member is 0.4-0.85.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to a method for reducing particle generation in a processing chamber. In one embodiment, the method includes generating a plasma between a first electrode and a second electrode of the processing chamber by applying a radio frequency (RF) power to the first electrode during an etch process, wherein the first electrode is disposed above the second electrode, and the second electrode is disposed above and opposing a substrate support having a substrate supporting surface, and applying a constant zero DC bias voltage to the first electrode during the process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a plasma processing apparatus including: a processing container that defines a processing space; a microwave generator that generates microwaves for plasma excitation; a dielectric having a facing surface that faces the processing space; a slot plate provided on a surface of the dielectric opposite to the facing surface and formed with a plurality of slots that radiate the microwaves to the processing space through the dielectric; and a conductor pattern that is provided on the facing surface of the dielectric and converges an electric field corresponding to the microwaves radiated from each of the slots.

Abstract: Gas distribution assemblies are described including an annular body, an upper plate, and a lower plate. The upper plate may define a first plurality of apertures, and the lower plate may define a second and third plurality of apertures. The upper and lower plates may be coupled with one another and the annular body such that the first and second apertures produce channels through the gas distribution assemblies, and a volume is defined between the upper and lower plates.

Abstract: A plasma generation process that is more optimized for vapor deposition processes in general, and particularly for directed vapor deposition processing. The features of such an approach enables a robust and reliable coaxial plasma capability in which the plasma jet is coaxial with the vapor plume, rather than the orthogonal configuration creating the previous disadvantages. In this way, the previous deformation of the vapor gas jet by the work gas stream of the hollow cathode pipe can be avoided and the carrier gas consumption needed for shaping the vapor plume can be significantly decreased.

Abstract: A substrate support assembly includes a shaft assembly, a pedestal coupled to a portion of the shaft assembly, and a first rotary connector coupled to the shaft assembly, wherein the first rotary connector comprises a first coil member surrounding a rotatable shaft member that is electrically coupled to the shaft assembly, the first coil member being rotatable with the rotatable shaft, and a second coil member surrounding the first coil member, the second coil member being stationary relative to the first coil member, wherein the first coil member electrically couples with the second coil member when the rotating radio frequency applicator is energized and provides a radio frequency signal/power to the pedestal through the shaft assembly.

Abstract: A system is provided and includes a substrate processing chamber, one or more injectors, and a controller. The one or more injectors inject an electronegative gas, a baseline electropositive gas, and an additional electropositive gas into the substrate processing chamber. The electronegative gas includes an etch precursor. The additional electropositive gas mixes with and increases electron density of a plasma in the substrate processing chamber. The controller is configured to set an amount, flow rate or pressure of the additional electropositive gas based on at least one of a pressure of the electronegative gas or an electron affinity level of the additional electropositive gas.