Abstract: A powertrain system including an electric machine rotatably coupled to a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine via a belt is described, wherein the electric machine is disposed to generate torque. A method for controlling the electric machine includes monitoring rotational position of the electric machine, and periodically executing a speed observer to determine a rotational speed of the electric machine based upon the monitored rotational position of the electric machine. An acceleration observer is periodically executed to determine an acceleration rate, wherein the acceleration rate is determined based upon a time-based change in the rotational speed of the electric machine. A virtual inertia term is determined based upon the acceleration rate, and a torque compensation term is determined based upon the virtual inertia term and the acceleration rate. The electric machine is controlled to generate torque based upon the torque compensation term.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling the operating speed and the torque of an electric motor using an operational model are described. An operational model for the electric motor, including a plot of engine performance parameters, is used for reference, and a most efficient output path, which may pass through an optimal operation region in the operational model, is selected. The most efficient output path may be determined, for example, according to locations of a current output state and a to-be-reached target state in the operational model, enabling the operating state of the motor to reach the target state from the current operating state. By selecting a more efficient output path, the operating efficiency of the motor may be optimized, the life of a battery improved and/or the operating mileage of the vehicle may be increased, without significantly reducing the driving experience.

Abstract: A motor has a rotor that rotates in response to one or more alternating current input signals. A position sensor is adapted to generate a substantially saw-tooth waveform indicative of a position of the rotor. A primary processing module or data processor is capable of providing position data and speed data for the rotor based on the substantially saw-tooth waveform. A notch filter can reject one or more selected frequency components in the substantially saw-tooth waveform to reduce distortion off the substantially saw-tooth waveform that would otherwise tend to cause inaccuracy in the provided position data and speed data.

Abstract: A circuit for a motor comprises at least two phase windings forming one half of motor phase windings of the circuit and at least two other phase windings forming another half of the motor phase windings of the circuit. A direct current (DC) power supply receives alternating current (AC) power transferred from one or more of the motor phase windings and converts the AC power to DC power. A first stage power switch circuit comprising at least one power switch is connected between the at least two phase windings on the one half of the motor phase windings of the circuit and between the at least two other phase windings on the other half of the motor phase windings of the circuit. A second stage power switch circuit comprising at least one other power switch is connected between the one half of the motor phase windings of the circuit and the other half of the motor phase windings of the circuit, the at least one other power switch to receive AC power from one or more of the motor phase windings.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for determining an operating point for controlling an electric motor. An exemplary system may include a voltage monitor configured to determine a voltage applied to the electric motor. The system may also include a controller configured to determine the operating point based on the voltage. The controller may include a comparator configured to determine a difference between the voltage and a reference voltage. The controller may also include a regulator configured to generate a correction signal for reducing the difference. The controller may be configured to determine the operating point when the difference is below a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiment relates to a method of controlling a system including at least one inverter with six switches, which is linked to a battery, and supervised by a processor. The method implements a vector modulation, so that it is able to prevent the current linking the battery from passing through zero amperes by means of appropriate control logic. The disclosed embodiment also relates to device for controlling an electronic component.

Abstract: A motor starter apparatus includes at least one semiconductor switch configured to selectively couple a power source to a motor, at least one current sensor configured to generate a current sense signal indicative of a current provided via the at least one semiconductor switch, and a control circuit coupled to the at least one current sensor and configured to cause the at least one semiconductor switch to momentarily couple the power source to the motor and identify a fault based on a behavior of the current sense signal in response to the momentary coupling. The control circuit may be configured to identify the fault responsive to detecting that a rate of change of the current in response to the momentary coupling meets a predetermined criterion.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a control circuit that includes a configuration register and configured to receive a configuration setting across an external bus. The configuration setting encodes a first voltage state for the apparatus. The control circuit includes an input configured to be coupled to an external electrical device. The control circuit is configured to determine a value of the external device that maps to a second voltage state for the apparatus. The control logic is configured to transition the apparatus to a safe mode upon a determination that the first voltage state does not match the second voltage state.

Abstract: Disclosed is a circulation type space-based solar power system, the system including: one or more solar modules; a conveyor belt on which the solar modules are attached, whereby the solar modules move between a solar power generating position and a recovery position, the solar modules receiving sunlight to generate solar power in the solar power generating position, and not receiving sunlight in the recovery position; a driver moving the conveyor belt; and a protective plate blocking cosmic rays incident to the solar modules located in the recovery position. The system can generate solar power for a long time by moving the solar modules between the solar power generating position and the recovery position. While some of the solar modules generate solar power, the remaining solar modules having damage are recovered.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of solar tracking systems. In particular, the present disclosure relates to an arrangement for angularly displacing solar panels. In accordance with the present disclosure, the arrangement angularly displaces and tracks plurality of solar panels together. Furthermore, the arrangement envisaged in the present disclosure is not complex and expensive and also requires less power during operation and less maintenance. The primary application of the arrangement envisaged in the present disclosure is in solar tracking systems.

Abstract: A bearing axle for photovoltaic modules includes at least two tubes, which each have a non-circular cross section at least in one end region. The non-circular cross sections of the at least two tubes are designed to correspond to each other such that a non-rotatable connection between at least one first and at least one second of the at least two tubes can be produced by way of inserting the at least one first of the at least two tubes into the at least one second of the at least two tubes. The bearing axle includes at least one separate connection means, which can be arranged intermediately between at least two tubes, and by way of which the particular at least two tubes are connectible non-rotatably to each other by form-lockingly coupling the at least one connection means to their free end regions with non-circular cross sections.

Abstract: This invention includes an optical concentrator which focuses incident sunlight onto a photovoltaic cell or group of photovoltaic cells which is mounted in thermal contact with a radiator comprising ultra-light graphene sheet. In the preferred embodiment, the optical concentrator comprises a thin Fresnel lens, the photovoltaic cell or group of photovoltaic cells comprises a high-efficiency multi junction device, and the graphene radiator comprises a very thin and light sheet. In the preferred embodiment, the graphene radiator is deployed and supported in space as a stressed membrane by employing tension in one or more directions.

Abstract: A photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic system including the same are disclosed. The photovoltaic module includes a solar cell module, a converter unit to convert levels of direct current (DC) power from the solar cell module, an inverter unit to convert the DC power into alternating current (AC) power, a cable electrically connected to the inverter unit and to output the AC power to an outside, a communication unit to exchange data with another photovoltaic module, and a controller to control outputting of at least one of phase information and amplitude information of the photovoltaic module for adjusting at least one of a phase and an amplitude of the another photovoltaic module, when the photovoltaic module is set as a master. Consequently, the phase and/or the amplitude of AC power output from another photovoltaic module may be adjusted to be equal.

Abstract: A photovoltaic assembly comprising: (a) at least two photovoltaic components that are adjacent to each other, each photovoltaic component comprising: (i) a partial connector channel in communication with a partial connector channel in an adjacent photovoltaic component and (ii) one or more connector receptors; (b) a connector located at least partially in the partial connector channel of the photovoltaic component and at least partially in the partial connector channel of the adjacent photovoltaic component so that the connector connects the photovoltaic component to the adjacent photovoltaic component, the connector comprising: a housing having: (1) a top housing and (2) a bottom housing, wherein the top housing and the bottom housing each include a first end and a second end; one or more flexible electrical conductors that extend from the first end to the second end; wherein the top housing and the bottom housing each include one or more mechanical flexing regions that allow the housing to mechanically flex

Abstract: A technique for reducing jitter in an oscillating signal generated by an oscillator circuit includes reducing feedback of gate leakage current while increasing electrostatic discharge protection and reducing regulated power supply requirements of the oscillator circuit, as compared to conventional oscillator circuits. A circuit includes a first integrated circuit terminal and a thick gate native transistor of a first conductivity type having a first gate terminal having a first gate thickness. The first gate terminal is coupled to the first integrated circuit terminal. The thick gate native transistor has a first threshold voltage. The thick gate native transistor is configured as a source follower. The circuit includes a second transistor of the first conductivity type having a second gate terminal with a second gate thickness less than the first gate thickness. The second gate terminal is coupled to a source terminal of the thick gate native transistor.

Abstract: In some examples, a device includes a nano-scale oscillator that exhibits chaotic oscillation responsive to a control input to the nano-scale oscillator, where the control input including a tunable input parameter.

Abstract: A switching system is connected to the power amplifier of an RF system. The switching system can switch the DC supply voltage to the power amplifier while handling the high DC current and the nanosecond switching speed requirements that are mandatory for most RF systems. The embodiments can rapidly control DC voltages but not interfere with the optimized operation of the RF transistor. The embodiments provide a desired sharp turn-on leading edge for an RF pulse while eliminating the extremely long and undesirable ramp down that typically occurs beyond the desired RF pulse period.

Abstract: A radio frequency low noise amplifier circuit with a receive signal input, a receive signal output, and a voltage source include a low noise amplifier and a coupled inductor circuit with a primary inductive chain connected to the output of the low noise amplifier and to the voltage source. The coupled inductor circuit further includes a secondary inductive chain with a first inductor electromagnetically coupled to the primary inductive chain, and a second inductor in series with the first inductor and magnetically coupled to the primary inductive chain. The second inductor is connected to a feedback node of the low noise amplifier. There is an output matching network connected to the first inductor of the secondary inductive chain and to the receive signal output.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an amplifier for vehicle, vehicle including the amplifier, and method for controlling the amplifier for vehicle, which uses a 48 volt (V) battery voltage and adjusts speaker output according to variable audio signals, thereby minimizing the size of the amplifier, reducing conversion loss of a Direct Current (DC)-to-DC converter, and increasing output efficiency. In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, An amplifier for vehicle includes a first input port for receiving a first voltage; a second input port for receiving a second voltage lower than the first voltage; at least one power Integrated Chip (power IC) connected to a speaker for using a voltage received from the first input port; and a controller for controlling the power IC using a voltage received from the second input port.

Abstract: A power amplification circuit includes: a first amplification transistor, a first signal being input to a base or gate thereof and a second signal obtained by amplifying the first signal being output from a collector or drain thereof; and a first bias circuit that supplies a first bias current to the base or gate of the first amplification transistor. The first bias circuit includes a first transistor that outputs the first bias current from an emitter or source thereof, and a first control circuit that controls an electrical connection between the emitter or source of the first transistor and ground. The first control circuit includes a first resistance element and a first switch element, which are connected in series with each other. The first switch element is switched on in the case of a first power mode and is switched off in the case of a second power mode.

Abstract: A close-down pop reduction system and a method for close-down pop reduction in an audio amplifier assembly are disclosed. The switching power conversion system comprises a forward path having a compensator and a switching power stage and a signal path from an output of a comparator in the switching power stage to a sequence control unit. The signal path includes a close-down timing circuit configured to provide a timing signal. The sequence control unit is configured to eliminate the input signal, increase the switch frequency of the close-down pop reduction system and disable the switching power stage at a moment in time within a PWM pulse of the switching power stage. Hereby, it is e.g. possible to minimize the audible pop during close-down of audio amplifier assemblies.

Abstract: Disclosed here is an apparatus that comprises an amplifier having first and second input nodes, first and second resistors, a first electrostatic discharge protection circuit coupled between the first input node and the first resistor, and a second electrostatic discharge protection circuit coupled between the second input node and the second resistor.

Abstract: A power amplification system with shared common base biasing is disclosed. A method for power amplification at a controller of a power amplification system comprising a plurality of cascode amplifier sections can include receiving a band select signal indicative of one or more frequency bands of a radio-frequency input signal to be amplified and transmitted. The method may further include biasing a common base stage of each of the plurality of cascode amplifier sections, and biasing a common emitter stage of a subset of the plurality of cascode amplifier sections.

Abstract: A Spatial Power Combining Amplifier (SPCA) exhibiting a new concept for the amplification of coherent (e.g., microwave) radiation. A general description of the SPCA a power analysis at various SPCA stages is provided. A successfully tested S-band SPCA example was able to deliver 120 W of power with a gain of 50 dB and 50 percent efficiency.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a satellite microphone assembly for use in teleconferencing or other audio based communications comprises a base housing a microphone and volume control electronics. The base is enclosed by a cylinder, rotatable about the base and having a top surface configured to be an actuatable button to toggle a mute/unmute status of the microphone. The cylinder has a sidewall configured to be engaged by a user such that the user can rotate the cylinder. An optical sensor is supported by the base, and is configured to detect a rotation of the cylinder and to output information about a direction and a degree of rotation of the cylinder to the volume control electronics, causing a rotation of the cylinder to affect the volume level of a speaker.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electronic filter (100), intended to filter the supply power for electrical equipment, notably placed inside a motor vehicle, comprising: a busbar (10) intended to exchange electrical energy between an electrical power supply source and an electric machine, the busbar (10) comprising: at least one leadframe (12, 14) intended to transmit an electrical current between an electrical network and the electric machine, the at least one leadframe (12, 14) being partly overmolded with electrically insulating material, and an inductor (18) electrically connected to the at least one leadframe (12, 14), characterized in that the electronic filter (100) comprises: an electronic board (30) comprising at least one capacitor (32a-32h), the at least one capacitor (32a-32h) of the electronic board (30) being electrically connected to a connection terminal (24, 26) of the at least one leadframe (14, 12) of the busbar (10).

Abstract: A time delay filter comprising a substrate; four coupled LC resonators, each having a coupling point; a first capacitor that electrically couples the first coupling point to the second coupling point; a second capacitor that electrically couples the second coupling point to the third coupling point; and a third capacitor that electrically couples the third coupling point to the fourth coupling point; the filter group delaying a signal output at the fourth coupling point relative to a signal input at the first coupling point.

Abstract: A transformer of the balanced-unbalanced type includes a primary inductive circuit and a secondary inductive circuit housed inside an additional inductive winding connected in parallel to the terminals of the secondary circuit and inductively coupled with the primary circuit and the secondary circuit.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave device assembly includes a collective board, first circuit portions provided on the collective board and respectively including first hot terminals and first ground terminals, a second circuit portion provided on the collective board and including second hot terminals and second ground terminals, and a power supply wiring provided on the collective board so as to surround the periphery of the first circuit portions and the second circuit portion. The first circuit portions include surface acoustic wave devices defining band pass filters. The second circuit portion defines a band pass filter. The first ground terminals and first hot terminals, and the second ground terminal are connected to the power supply wiring, the second hot terminals are not connected to the power supply wiring, and pass bands of the surface acoustic wave devices and a pass band of the band pass filter defined by the second circuit portion are the same or substantially the same.

Abstract: A bulk acoustic wave resonator may include: an air cavity; an etching stop layer and an etching stop part, which define a lower boundary surface and a side boundary surface of the air cavity; and a resonating part formed on an approximately planar surface, which is formed by a upper boundary surface of the air cavity and a top surface of the etching stop part. A width of a top surface of the etching stop part may be greater than a width of a bottom surface of the etching stop part. A side surface of the etching stop part connecting the top surface of the etching stop part to the bottom surface of the etching stop part may be inclined.

Abstract: A crystal blank includes a vibrating arm which extends in a direction intersecting the polarization direction. In at least one of the upper surface and lower surface which are parallel to the direction of extension of the vibrating arm and run along polarization direction, the vibrating arm is provided with two recesses (grooves) in the width direction of the surface thereby having a pair of outer walls which are positioned on the two sides of the two recesses and a middle wall which is positioned between the two recesses. In the middle wall, the apex part is located at a position lower than the apex part of each of the pair of outer walls and is thinner than each of the pair of outer walls at the same heights.

Abstract: A resonator, in particular a high-frequency resonator, includes a resonator housing with a resonator space formed therein and a container with a cavity in which a liquid crystal is accommodated, wherein the container is at least partially arranged in the resonator space and includes an electrode configuration for generating an electric control field for controlling the permittivity of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a signal processing method and apparatus. The method includes: performing M-way filtering on an input signal to obtain M filtered signals, performing extraction on M filtered signals separately to obtain M extracted signals, performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) on the M extracted signals separately to obtain M frequency-domain signals, and finally determining output signals according to the M frequency-domain signals. According to the embodiments of the present invention, signal filtering and extraction are performed and then FFT is performed.

Abstract: First and second circuits, a photocoupler and a substrate temperature monitor circuit are formed on a substrate. A photocoupler includes a primary-side light emitting diode that converts an electric signal received from the first circuit into an optical signal, and a light receiving device that converts the optical signal into an electric signal and outputs the electric signal to the second circuit. The substrate temperature monitor circuit reads a Vf voltage value of the primary-side light emitting diode of the photocoupler to monitor temperature of the substrate.

Abstract: An optical emission circuit includes a power supply source and a regulation circuit coupled to control the power supply source. An optical source and a first switch are coupled in series to the power supply source. A square pulse signal source has an output coupled to a control input of the first switch. The square pulse signal source is configured to provide a square pulse signal. The regulation circuit regulates the current supplied by the power supply source according to a product of a peak current set point by a duty cycle of the square pulse signal.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a flip-flop is disposed as an integrated circuit layout on a flip-flop region of a semiconductor substrate. The flip-flop includes master switch circuitry made up of a first plurality of devices which are circumscribed by a master switch perimeter that resides within the flip-flop region. The flip-flop also includes slave switch circuitry operably coupled to an output of the master switch circuitry. The slave switch circuitry is made up of a third plurality of devices that are circumscribed by a slave switch perimeter. The slave switch perimeter resides within the flip-flop region and is non-overlapping with the master switch perimeter.

Abstract: A slew rate control device for controlling a slew rate, includes: a setting part configured to set a voltage value used to determine the slew rate, and a control part configured to control the slew rate, based on the voltage value set by the setting part, so that the slew rate becomes slower as an output voltage of a power supply approaches from a transition starting voltage to a target voltage.

Abstract: A circuit comprises a first amplifier coupled to a first and a second node; a differential capacitive load coupled to the first and the second node, the differential capacitive load coupled between drains of transistors in a cross coupled transistor circuit; a current mirror coupled to a source of each transistor; and a capacitor coupled between the sources of the transistors. A plurality of amplifiers can be coupled to the differential capacitive load, wherein each amplifier comprises a clock-less pre-amplifier of a comparator.

Abstract: The semiconductor device according to one embodiment includes a power transistor and a sense transistor connected in parallel with each other, a first operational amplifier having a non-inverting input terminal connected to an emitter of the sense transistor and an inverting input terminal connected to an emitter of the power transistor, a resistor element having one end connected to the emitter of the sense transistor and another end connected to a first node, and an adjustment transistor placed between the first node and a low-voltage power supply. The first operational amplifier adjusts a current flowing through the adjustment transistor so that an emitter voltage of the power transistor and an emitter voltage of the sense transistor are substantially the same.

Abstract: A high-voltage electronic switch includes first and second transistors defining a current flow path between an input and output of the switch. The transistors have a common point of the current flow path and a common control terminal. A control circuit includes a voltage line receiving a limit operating voltage and first and second branches coupled between the voltage line and the common point and common control terminal, respectively. Further transistors are activated, upon turning-off of the first and second transistors, for coupling the branches to the voltage line. The branches include a parallel connected resistor, diode, and string of diodes with opposite polarities. The diode of the first branch plus string of diodes of the second branch and diode of the second branch plus string of diodes of the first branch provide coupling paths between the voltage line and, respectively, the common point and common control terminal.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a boot-up start signal generation unit configured to generate a boot-up start signal which is enabled in synchronization with a time at which a preset delay period has passed from a time point at which an initialization signal is enabled after a power-up period is ended, and a boot-up period signal generation unit configured to generate a boot-up period signal which is enabled according to a set pulse generated in synchronization with a time point at which the boot-up start signal is enabled.

Abstract: Various implementations described herein are directed to a circuit. The circuit may include a memory circuit having a first latch. The circuit may include a power-on-reset circuit having a second latch coupled to the first latch. The second latch may be configured to reset the first latch to a predetermined state at power-up.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system for controlling a power device including one or more power elements, one or more drive modules configured to provide a drive signal with respect to the one or more power elements through a signal line and provided with a first wireless module, and an upper level controller configured to a control signal with respect to the one or more drive modules through a signal line and provided with a second wireless module corresponding to the first wireless module, wherein each of the one or more drive modules transmits state information of the one or more power elements and the one or more drive modules to the second wireless module through the first wireless module, and the upper level controller transmits a control signal corresponding to the state information to the first wireless module through the second wireless module.

Abstract: Embodiment of the inventive subject matter include an apparatus comprising a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, and a transistor. The first switch is coupled to a first voltage device and the transistor to selectively electrically connect the first voltage device to the transistor to provide a first charge to the transistor. The second switch is coupled to a second voltage device and the transistor to selectively electrically connect the second voltage device to the transistor to remove charge from the transistor. The third switch is coupled to the third voltage device and the transistor to selectively couple the third voltage device to the transistor to provide a second charge to the transistor.

Abstract: A driver for transmitting multi-level signals on a multi-wire bus is described that includes at least one current source connected to a transmission line, each current source selectively enabled to source current to the transmission line to drive a line voltage above a termination voltage of a termination voltage source connected to the transmission line via a termination impedance element, wherein each of the at least one current sources has an output impedance different than a characteristic impedance of the transmission line, and at least one current sink connected to the transmission line, each current sink selectively enabled to sink current from the transmission line to drive a line voltage below the termination voltage, each of the at least one current sinks having an output impedance different than the characteristic impedance of the transmission line.

Abstract: A semiconductor circuit includes a first circuit, a second circuit, a third circuit, and a fourth circuit. The first circuit determines a value of a first node based on a voltage level of a clock signal, and a voltage level of an enable signal or a voltage level of a scan enable signal. The second circuit determines a value of a second node based on the voltage levels of the first node and the clock signal. The third circuit determines a value of a third node based on a voltage level of the second node. The fourth circuit determines a value of a fourth node based on the voltage levels of the second node and the clock signal. The third circuit includes a first transistor and a second transistor connected in series with each other and gated to the voltage level of the second node to determine the value of the third node. The fourth circuit includes a third transistor that is gated to the voltage level of the clock signal to electrically connect the third node and the fourth node.

Abstract: Presented are systems and methods that allow hardware designers to protect valuable IP and information in the hardware domain in order to increase overall system security. In various embodiments of the invention this is accomplished by configuring logic gates of existing logic circuitry based on a key input. In certain embodiments, a logic function provides results that are dependent not only on input values but also on an encrypted logic key that determines connections for a given logic building block, such that the functionality of the logic function cannot be determined by reverse engineering. In some embodiments, the logic key is created by decrypting a piece of data using a secret or private key. Advantages of automatic encryption include that existing circuitry need not be re-implemented or re-built, and that the systems and methods presented are backward compatible with standard manufacturing tools.

Abstract: An overlay architecture and an associated method that uses datapath merging to provide minimal-overhead support for multiple source netlists, and optionally provides an adjustable amount of flexibility through a secondary interconnect network is disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are a reconfigurable processor and a method of operating the same, the reconfigurable processor including: a configurable memory configured to receive a task execution instruction from a control processor; and a plurality of reconfigurable arrays, each configured to receive configuration information from the configurable memory, wherein each of the plurality of reconfigurable arrays simultaneously executes a task based on the configuration information.

Abstract: A device having ratioed logic with a high impedance load is described. The device includes a pull-down network coupled between a first voltage and an output. The device also includes a high impedance load coupled between a second voltage and the output. The high impedance load being smaller than a transistor of the pull-down network.