Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a reference signal information feedback method, apparatus and terminal. The method includes: a terminal determines a reference signal parameter of an uplink measurement reference signal and/or a downlink measurement reference signal, and the terminal feeds the determined reference signal parameter back to a base station.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application disclose a spreading method, a spreading control method, and apparatuses thereof. The spreading method comprises: determining a first combined spreading code to be used at least according to first information associated with spreading by using combined spreading codes, the first combined spreading code comprising N spreading codes, and N being an integer not less than 2; and spreading N data units by using the first combined spreading code, wherein the N data units comprise at least one first unit and at least one second unit, the at least one first unit comprises data to be sent, and the at least one second unit is configured to recover the at least one first unit. The methods and apparatuses of the embodiments of the present application can effectively solve the problem of insufficient number of orthogonal spreading codes by using combined spreading codes.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application disclose a spreading method, a spreading control method, and apparatuses thereof. The spreading method comprises: determining a first combined spreading code to be used at least according to first information associated with spreading by using combined spreading codes, the first combined spreading code comprising N spreading codes, and N being an integer not less than 2; and spreading N data units by using the first combined spreading code, wherein the N data units comprise at least one first unit and at least one second unit, the at least one first unit comprises data to be sent, and the at least one second unit is configured to recover the at least one first unit. The methods and apparatuses of the embodiments of the present application can effectively solve the problem of an insufficient number of orthogonal spreading codes by using combined spreading codes.

Abstract: A controlling entity communicates with a plurality of network devices having a plurality of distributed transceivers and one or more corresponding antenna arrays. The controlling entity receives information, such as location information, propagation environment characteristics, physical environment characteristics and/or link parameters and quality from the network devices and/or communication devices that are communicatively coupled to the plurality of network devices. The controlling entity coordinates communication of data streams for the distributed transceivers and the antenna arrays based on the received information. The network device comprises an access point, a router, a switching device, a gateway and/or a set top box. The controlling entity is located within or external to one of the network devices. One or more functions performed by the controlling entity are split between the controlling entity and one or more of the network devices.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an iterative procedure relying on ping-pong transmissions between two antenna arrays to determine desired beamforming weights at each device. Other embodiments may be described and claimed.

Abstract: A processor (102) implemented in a wireless terminal (1) is configured to perform gateway processing by executing a first application program (34) stored in a memory (19). The gateway processing includes: (a) receiving transmission data of other application programs (31-33); (b) selecting, from a plurality of communication interfaces (51-55), at least one communication interface to which the transmission data is to be transmitted; and (c) sending the transmission data to the selected at least one communication interface. This contributes, for example, to allowing an application program to easily communicate via a communication interface (i.e., communication path) conforming to a communication protocol that is additionally installed on a wireless terminal (e.g., smartphone).

Abstract: An IP camera with a wireless relay function includes a lens, a wireless client interface, a wired client interface, a Wi-Fi SoftAP interface, and a bridge interface. The lens receives image data. The wireless client interface transmits the image data to a first wireless client device through a wireless network. The wired client interface transmits the image data to a first wired client device through a wired network. The Wi-Fi SoftAP interface is a virtual interface to be connected to a second wireless client. The bridge interface uses the Wi-Fi SoftAP interface to communicate with the second wireless client, and connects the Wi-Fi SoftAP interface to the wired client interface or the wireless client interface, so that the second wireless client device obtains an IP address and connects to Internet through the wired client interface or the wireless client interface.

Abstract: Certain features relate to a digital multichannel interface between a base station and a repeater in a telecommunications system, such as a distributed antenna system. The digital multichannel interface can provide streams of I/Q samples that carry information from multiple carriers of a wideband communications signal as well as semi-static control information for the telecommunications system. The digital multichannel interface can also transport frame timing information between the base station and the repeater. The frame timing information can maintain synchronization between the uplink transmit frames carrying uplink I/Q samples and the downlink transmit frames carrying downlink I/Q samples.

Abstract: In a repeater, a mechanism checks multiple parameters and makes repeater bandwidth, radio configuration, and ADC clock speed adjustments. multiple repeater parameters are checked and the repeater bandwidth is optimized based upon any of adjusting bandwidth based on best throughput; adjusting bandwidth based on Internet speed; adjusting mapping based on overlapping access points (106); adjusting bandwidth based on the client's range; adjusting ADC clock speed; adjusting transmit (TX) radio setting based on associated clients; adjusting receive (RX) radio setting based on associated clients; client type considerations; and adjusting CPU settings based on clients or backhaul. In embodiments, for example, bandwidth can be adjusted from 80 MHz to 40 MHz to 20 MHz or a smaller bandwidth, e.g. 5 MHz, for an 802.11ac/11ax/11ac device. For an 802.11n/a/b/g/ah device, bandwidth can adjusted using from 40 MHz to 20 MHz to a smaller bandwidth, e.g. 1 MHz, 2 MHz, or 5 MHz.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for activating a relay functionality of a ProSe capable and relay-capable user equipment within a mobile communication network. The radio base station, to which the relay UE is connected, determines whether further relays are necessary in the radio cell controlled by the radio base station. In case further relays are necessary in the radio cell, the radio base station selects a persistence check value and transmits a broadcast message in the radio cell. The broadcast message at least indicates that further relays are necessary and comprises the selected persistence check value. Upon receiving the broadcast message, the relay UE activates its relay functionality in case it determines that relay requirements for activating its relay functionality in the radio cell are fulfilled and in case a persistence check performed by the relay UE based on the received persistence check value is successful.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving two or more input radio-frequency (RF) signals, each input RF signal being received on a separate input channel and having a different frequency range. The method also includes amplifying each input RF signal of the two or more input RF signals separately to produce two or more respective amplified RF signals. The method further includes aggregating the two or more amplified RF signals into one aggregated communication signal using a passive waveguide multiplexer, where the aggregated communication signal is an E-band communication signal having a frequency range within approximately 71-76 GHz or approximately 81-86 GHz. The method also includes transmitting the aggregated communication signal.

Abstract: A communications system includes radio frequency equipment to generate a forward link configured for wireless transmissions of a base-to-user data stream from a plurality of airborne communications relay platforms to at least one user terminal, wherein the forward link includes a plurality of relay-to-user links, each one of the plurality of relay-to-user links includes a relay-to-user radio frequency signal encoded with a different base-to-user data sub-stream.

Abstract: A satellite dish assembly may comprise a reflector, feed horn, receive module, and wireless module. The reflector and feed horn may be operable to receive satellite signals. The receive module may be operable to recover content from the received satellite signals. The wireless module may be operable to communicate the content directly to a mobile device via a wireless connection between the mobile device and the system. The wireless module may be operable to communicate directly with a service provider network via a wireless connection between the satellite dish assembly and the service provider network. The communications with the service provider network may be to obtain security information for descrambling and/or decrypting the content and/or for providing billing information.

Abstract: A method, implemented in a node in a network, for a preemptible established backup path for a mesh restorable service includes, responsive to a new service request for the mesh restorable service with the preemptible established backup path, establishing a primary path designated as a current path for the mesh restorable service at a designated priority; establishing a backup path for the mesh restorable service at a lower priority than the designated priority, subject to bandwidth availability in the network; and responsive to a fault affecting the primary path, switching to the backup path and raising a priority of the backup path to the designated priority.

Abstract: In example implementations, an optical gate is provided. The optical gate receives at least one optical signal via a waveguide of an optical memory gate. The optical gate compares a wavelength of the at least one optical signal to a resonant wavelength associated with a resonator. When the wavelength of the at least one optical signal matches the resonant wavelength, a value that is stored in the resonator is read out via the at least one optical signal. Then, the at least one optical signal with the value that is read out is transmitted out of the optical gate.

Abstract: It discloses a precise locating method of utilizing indoor visible light communication system, which belongs to the field of visible light communication; arranging any number of light emitting diode (LED) lamps indoors, setting the signal transmission power of each LED lamp to be the same and fixing the absolute location of each LED lamp, the terminal required for locating is equipped with several receiving devices, whose relative positions are known, then a position coordinate of the terminal can be obtained by determining the geometric center position of this set of receiving devices through calculating the measured light signal power of the receiving devices on the terminal.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application provide a visible light signal receiving and control method, a control apparatus, and a receiving device. The method comprises: determining a communication performance between a visible light signal receiving device and at least one visible light signal transmit device; and in response to a reduction of the communication performance between the visible light signal receiving device and the at least one visible light signal transmit device, using a first logic pixel unit of an image sensor related to the at least one visible light signal transmit device as at least two second logic pixel units for reading separately when reading inductive charges of the image sensor of the visible light signal receiving device.

Abstract: A vehicle optical wireless data communication system includes a plurality of light sources disposed at a structure where vehicles travel. Each of the light sources emits visible light to illuminate the building or structure. Each of the light sources emits optical signals indicative of a location of the respective light source. A sensor is disposed at a vehicle and is operable to sense optical signals emitted by the light sources when the vehicle is in the vicinity of the light sources. Responsive to sensing by the sensor of optical signals emitted by at least one of the light sources, the sensor generates an output to a processor disposed at the vehicle. The processor processes the output of the sensor to determine a location of the vehicle relative to at least one of the light sources.

Abstract: A visible light communication method is provided that includes obtaining a first information, by a receiver, through visible light communication with a light source. The method also includes sending the first information and a second information, by the receiver, to a first server, the second information related to a membership information of a specified organization which is stored in the receiver. The method further includes obtaining, by the receiver, information from the first server using the first information and the second information.

Abstract: Enhancements in optical beam propagation performance can be realized through the utilization of ultra-short pulse laser (USPL) sources for laser transmit platforms, which are can be used throughout the telecommunication network infrastructure fabric. One or more of the described and illustrated features of USPL free space-optical (USPL-FSO) laser communications can be used in improving optical propagation through the atmosphere, for example by mitigating optical attenuation and scintillation effects, thereby enhancing effective system availability as well as link budget considerations, as evidenced through experimental studies and theoretical calculations between USPL and fog related atmospheric events.

Abstract: Circuitry of a fiber node which is configured to couple to an optical link and an electrical link may comprise an electrical-to-optical conversion circuit for transmitting on the optical link. The circuitry may be operable to receive signals via the optical link. The circuitry may select between or among different configurations of the electrical-to-optical conversion circuit based on the signals received via the optical link. The signals received via the optical link may be intended for one or more gateways served by the fiber node or may be dedicated signals intended for configuration of the circuitry. The circuitry may be operable to generate feedback and insert the feedback into a datastream received from one or more gateways via the electrical link prior to transmitting the datastream onto the optical link.

Abstract: A wall plate is provided having a built-in modem on the backside of the wall plate that performs O/E, E/O and protocol conversions. The backside of the wall plate has an optical port for connecting an end of an optical fiber cable to the wall plate. A printed circuit board (PCB) disposed on the backside of the wall plate has electrical circuitry mounted thereon that performs protocol conversion and communicates with an optical transceiver module also mounted on the PCB. The optical transceiver module receives optical signals transmitted to the customer premises and transmits optical signals from the customer premises and performs O/E and E/O conversion. A front face of the wall plate has at least one socket therein for connection with an electrical connector disposed on an end of an electrical cable. The wall plate does not require a separate power supply.

Abstract: A communication device is disclosed herein. In an example embodiment, a communication device includes an aperture section configured to attach to a protruding section of another communication device magnetically, and a first wireless communicator configured to wirelessly communicate with a second wireless communicator of the another communication device at a frequency associated with a millimeter-wave band, the first wireless communicator including at least one transmitting coupler, wherein the at least one transmitting coupler converts a wired signal to a radio signal.

Abstract: Example embodiments include an optical networking system (e.g., apparatus) and corresponding method. According to some embodiments, a plurality of shelves may be interconnected to form a daisy chain, each shelf including unpowered passive optical modules and the daisy chain including an active module having a passive power communication source. The passive power communication source may distribute passive power to memory devices on the one unpowered passive optical networking modules. The memory devices may provide respective communication as a function of interconnections of the daisy chain and passive power distributed by the passive power communication source. Advantages include unique identification of the memory devices without requiring active power to their corresponding modules, and continuous discovery and inventory of such memory devices.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a node device includes an interface configured to receive first signals. A plurality of coupling devices are configured to launch the first signals on a transmission medium as a plurality of first guided electromagnetic waves at corresponding plurality of non-optical carrier frequencies, wherein the plurality of first guided electromagnetic waves are bound to a physical structure of the transmission medium. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: An optical amplifier comprising: an optical coupler configured to receive a communication signal and couple said communication signal to an optical connector of a doped optical fibre; and at least one electrical to optical data converter connected to the optical coupler to provide pump radiation thereto.

Abstract: A network transceiver is disclosed. An example system includes a first networking transceiver including a first port and a second port, the first transceiver configured to: negotiate, for use with the first port, a first data rate, negotiate, for use with the second port, a second data rate that is slower than the first data rate, and a second networking transceiver communicatively coupled with the first networking transceiver to communicatively couple computing devices connected to the first networking transceiver to a multi-lane communication port, the second networking transceiver to negotiate, for the multi-lane communication port, a third data rate for communications between the multi-lane communication port and the second networking transceiver.

Abstract: A transceiver comprising a chip, a semiconductor laser, and one or more photodetectors, the chip comprising optical and optoelectronic devices and electronic circuitry, where the transceiver is operable to: communicate, utilizing the semiconductor laser, an optical source signal into the chip via a light pipe with a sloped reflective surface, generate first optical signals in the chip based on the optical source signal, transmit the first optical signals from the chip via the light pipe, and receive second optical signals from the light pipe and converting the second optical signals to electrical signals via the photodetectors. The optical signals may be communicated out of and in to a top surface of the chip. The one or more photodetectors may be integrated in the chip. The optoelectronic devices may include the one or more photodetectors integrated in the chip. The light pipe may be a planar lightwave circuit (PLC).

Abstract: A coherent receiver comprises an ingress signal path having an ingress line-side interface, and an ingress host-side interface. The ingress signal path is configured to receive an analog signal vector at the ingress line-side interface, to demodulate the analog signal vector, and to output a digital data signal Fat the ingress host-side interface. The coherent receiver also comprises clock and timing circuitry configured to receive a single reference clock signal and to provide a plurality of modified ingress path clock signals to different components of the ingress signal path, the plurality of modified ingress path clock signals derived from the single reference clock signal and the plurality of modified ingress path clock signals having different clock rates. The receiver, transmitter, or transceiver can operate in a plurality of programmable operating modes to accommodate different modulation/de-modulation schemes, error correction code schemes, framing/mapping protocols, or other programmable features.

Abstract: A scheme for generating asymmetric single sideband photonic vector signal at millimeter wave spectral region is described. At a transmitter, information bits to be transmitted are modulated using a vector modulation technique to generate a baseband signal. The baseband signal is converted into its single sideband (SSB) version using a complex frequency source having a first frequency. The real part of the upconverted signal is added to the real part of a second frequency source and is input as I component to an I/Q modulator. The imaginary part of the upconverted signal is added to the imaginary part of the second frequency source and is used as the Q component. The I/Q modulator is driven by a laser source at frequency fc. The resulting signal is transmitter over an optical transmission medium and upconverted by a single-ended photodiode to a desired radio-frequency (RF) carrier frequency.

Abstract: A decoding device for an absolute positioning code is provided. The decoding device includes a linear feedback shift register (LFSR), a lookup table (LUT) circuit, a counter circuit, and a computation circuit. The LFSR includes n registers, for loading the absolute positioning code with a first frequency. The LFSR performs shifting operation according to a clock signal having a second frequency greater than or equal to the first frequency. The LUT circuit outputs a lookup result and a valid flag according to values stored in the n registers. The lookup result has k different data, k?(2n?1). The counter circuit resets according to the valid flag, and performs counting operation according to the clock signal to generate a counting result. The computation circuit performs calculation according to the lookup result and the counting result to generate a decoding result when the valid flag indicates valid.

Abstract: Optical communication systems and methods using coherently combined optical beams are disclosed. A representative system includes a first mirror having a first actuator for adjusting a position of the first mirror in a path of a first optical beam and a first optical detector for receiving light reflected from the first mirror. The system also includes a second mirror having a second actuator for adjusting a position of the second mirror in a path of a second optical beam and a second optical detector for receiving light reflected from the second mirror. The system includes an interferometer for measuring an interference between the first and second optical beams and a third optical detector for receiving light from the second interfered optical beam. Intensity of the first interfered optical beam is increased by the interference, and intensity of the second interfered optical beam is decreased by the interference.

Abstract: An optical communication module includes a module board housed in a casing, a VCSEL and a driving IC mounted on a mounting surface of the module board, a lens holder mounted on the mounting surface of the module board, a lens block held by the lens holder, a plurality of thermal vias passing through the module board, and a first fixing screw and a second fixing screw passing through the module board to be screwed into the casing so as to press a back surface of the module board against a bottom surface of the casing, and the first fixing screw and the second fixing screw are each arranged in a region between the plug connector and the lens holder and on either outer side of the lens holder.

Abstract: A low frequency ultrasonic communication system includes: a low frequency ultrasonic transmitting apparatus configured to transmit data using a low frequency ultrasonic wave; and a low frequency ultrasonic receiving apparatus configured to recover the data by processing a low frequency ultrasonic reception signal transmitted from the low frequency ultrasonic transmitting apparatus. In communication between the transmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatus, modulation is performed using a DPSK scheme, and FEC coding is used to perform channel coding before the modulation.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides optical link management in a marine seismic environment. A first device can transmit, to a second device, a first optical transmission at a first output level. The first optical transmission can include a first packet corresponding to a network protocol. The first device can determine that the second device failed to receive the first packet via the first optical transmission. The first device can transmit, responsive to failure of the first optical transmission, a second optical transmission at a second output level different than the first output level. The second optical transmission can include a second packet corresponding to the network protocol. The first device can identify that the second packet was successfully received by the second link manager agent. The first device can establish, responsive to the identification that the second packet was successfully received, the second output level as a transmission output level for the first device.

Abstract: According to methods of performing a passive inter-modulation distortion (“PID”) test, a first excitation signal and a second excitation signal are applied to a device under test, where at least one of the first and second excitation signals is a spread spectrum excitation signal. An output signal is received that includes a PID signal generated from mixing of the first and second excitation signals. At least a portion of the output signal is de-spread. A characteristic of the PID signal may then be measured.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments include an automated RF testing management system that is configured to control a plurality of RF testing units, each having multiple test ports for performing RF testing of various electronic devices. Advantages of the disclosed embodiments include cost savings, increase productivity, and ease of configuration and maintenance.

Abstract: A method and system that provides for execution of a first calibration sequence, such as upon initialization of a system, to establish an operation value, which utilizes an algorithm intended to be exhaustive, and executing a second calibration sequence from time to time, to measure drift in the parameter, and to update the operation value in response to the measured drift. The second calibration sequence utilizes less resources of the communication channel than does the first calibration sequence. In one embodiment, the first calibration sequence for measurement and convergence on the operation value utilizes long calibration patterns, such as codes that are greater than 30 bytes, or pseudorandom bit sequences having lengths of 2N?1 bits, where N is equal to or greater than 7, while the second calibration sequence utilizes short calibration patterns, such as fixed codes less than 16 bytes, and for example as short as 2 bytes long.

Abstract: A test system for testing a device under test includes: a signal processor configured to generate a plurality of independent signals and to apply first fading channel characteristics to each of the independent signals to generate a plurality of first faded test signals; a test system interface configured to provide the plurality of first faded test signals to one or more signal input interfaces of the device under test (DUT); a second signal processor configured to apply second fading channel characteristics to a plurality of output signals of the DUT to generate a plurality of second faded test signals, wherein the second fading channel characteristics are derived from the first fading channel characteristics; and one or more test instruments configured to measure at least one performance characteristic of the DUT from the plurality of second faded test signals.

Abstract: An example mobile computing device includes a display, a housing coupled to the display, and a graphical indicator. The housing includes a chamber, an antenna to communicate with a wireless network, and an exterior antenna region. The graphical indicator identifies the exterior antenna region on the housing and a signal strength of a connection to the wireless network.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and a method in a radio communications system. The apparatus in a radio communications system comprises an estimation unit and a statistics collection unit. The estimation unit is used for estimating a signal receiving strength of each of multiple transmission positions, compared with a signal transmission strength of each of one or more possible transmission positions of a first-type node of a to-be-test communications system on a transmission resource block. The statistics collection unit is used for collecting, according the estimation result, statistics on power space distribution of the first-type node of the to-be-tested communications system.

Abstract: A method for processing an FM stereo signal. The FM stereo signal is digitized and divided into overlapping blocks, which are transformed into the frequency domain. Individual spectral lines of the difference signal are lowered if these have a higher magnitude than the respective spectral lines of the sum signal. The sum and difference signals are then transformed back.

Abstract: Provided are a device and a method which are capable of performing selection acquisition and utilization processes for a service worker (SW) that performs data management optimized for each reception device. It is possible to selectively acquire a service worker (SW) of a specific class from service workers (SWs) corresponding to a plurality of classes which are data management programs used in a reception device and have different data management types. For example, use of a service worker (SW) corresponding to a class selected according to an application use state in a reception device is implemented. A reception device acquires access information of a service worker (SW) of a specific class using signaling data in which a token used for efficiently searching for the access information of the service worker (SW) of the specific class is recorded, and acquires the service worker (SW).

Abstract: A phase locked loop (PLL) for a carrier generator includes a front-end circuit that receives a frequency reference signal and generates a control signal based on the frequency reference signal and a feedback signal. A demultiplexer selectively outputs the control signal to a plurality of tuning arrangements. The plurality of tuning arrangements includes a first tuning arrangement that generates a first carrier signal based on the control signal and a second tuning arrangement that generates a second carrier signal based on the control signal. A multiplexer outputs the feedback signal based on the first carrier signal and the second carrier signal.

Abstract: Provided is a method for performing network assisted interference cancellation and suppression (NAICS) in user equipment (UE) in which a carrier aggregation (CA) is set. The method can comprise the steps of: receiving a UE capability request message; and transmitting UE capability information by responding to the UE capability request message. The UE capability information can include information related to an NAICS operation in a situation in which a CA is set. The method can comprise a step of receiving interference cancellation support information from a base station. The interference cancellation support information can include information on neighboring cells identified by respectively operating in one or more carriers which are selected by the base station on the basis of the transmitted UE capability information.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method. The apparatus includes an interference mitigation processor, including an input, an output, and configured to sum n msec received correlators over m msec, and analyze the n msec correlators to reduce interference. The method includes summing, by an interference mitigation processor, n msec received correlators over m msec; and analyzing, by an interference mitigation processor, the n msec correlators to reduce interference.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a memory and a processor operatively coupled to the memory. The processor is configured to partition a set of ports of an optical multiplexer into a set of port groups including a first port group having a first set of ports and a second port group having a second set of ports mutually exclusive from the first set of ports. The processor is configured to associate the first port group with a first router and associate the second port group with a second router. When the optical multiplexer is operatively coupled to the first router and the second router, the first router is operatively coupled to the optical multiplexer via the first set of ports and not the second set of ports, and the second router is operatively coupled to the optical multiplexer via the second set of ports and not the first set of ports.

Abstract: A communication system includes a first multiplexer configured to multiplex a first optical line terminal signal having a first multiplexing group and a second optical line terminal signal having a second multiplexing group into a first multiplexed signal. The communication system includes a second multiplexer configured to demultiplex a second multiplexed signal into a third optical line terminal signal having the first multiplexing group and a fourth optical line terminal signal having the second multiplexing group. Moreover, the communication system includes a third multiplexer optically connected with the first multiplexer and the second multiplexer, the third multiplexer configured to multiplex/demultiplex between a feeder optical signal and the first and second multiplexed signals. The first and second optical line terminal signals include a legacy upstream free spectral range, and the third and fourth optical line terminal signals include a legacy downstream free spectral range.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises: a processor configured to: select a first channel from among a plurality of channels in a network, and generate a first message assigning a first grant corresponding to the first channel; a transmitter coupled to the processor and configured to transmit the first message; and a receiver coupled to the processor and configured to receive a second message on the first channel and in response to the first message.

Abstract: In some examples, a controller for a network includes a path computation module configured for execution by one or more processors to obtain configuration information for at least one point-to-multipoint label switched path (P2MP LSP); obtain, from the network via at least one protocol, network topology information defining a network topology for the network; determine, based on the network topology, a first solution comprising first respective paths through the network for the at least one P2MP LSP; determine, after generating a modified network topology based on the network topology, a second solution comprising second respective paths through the network for the at least one P2MP LSP. The controller also includes a path provisioning module configured for execution by the one or more processors to configure the network with the solution of the first solution and the second solution having the lowest total cost.