Abstract: The invention proposes a method for processing biometric data, comprising verification of the result of a calculation of distance between a biometric candidate datum and at least one biometric reference datum, each comprising a number n of indexed components (ai, bi), said calculation of distance comprising that of a polynomial of the components of the biometric data, the method being executed by a proving entity and a verification entity, the method comprising steps during which: the proving entity communicates to the verification entity the result of calculation of the distance between the candidate and reference biometric data, and said data, the proving entity generates from each datum a function of a number d of variables fa(i1, . . . , id), fb(i1, . . . , id) where d=log2 n, defined for each variable on the set {0,1}, by reformulation of the index i of each component (ai, bi) in binary format, the proving entity generates from each function a polynomial of d variables ã(x1, . . .

Abstract: The invention comprises a computer system which is based on ARM processors (for example, popular mobile devices and Chromebooks), wherein the ARM processor provides fully hardware-isolated runtime environments for an operating system (OS) and Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) with multiple virtual secure elements (VSE's). The isolation is performed by hardware ARM Security Extensions added to ARMv6 processors and higher and controlled by VSE software. The invention therefore comprises multiple managed VSE's running in the TEE on one or more processor cores with dedicated memory and storage and used to provide a secure element function in a computer system even without a separate hardware secure element. The invention provides security for applications like payment methods without need to integrate the hardware secure element. In addition, embodiments of the invention do not require any modification to the OS system code or application software such as for example, a payment application.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing authentication of information of a user are described. Upon validation of this information, a first hash function is applied to the user's information to create a hash. A public attest key is generated by combining the hash of the user's information with one or more public keys. An attestation address is generated based on the public attest key. A signed transaction which includes the attest key is communicated for storage in a centralized or distributed ledger at the attestation address.

Abstract: A method and system of providing verification of information of a user relating to an attestation transaction is provided, and includes sending a request for information of the user, wherein the information has been previously attested to in an attestation transaction stored within a centralized or distributed ledger at an attestation address; receiving at a processor associated with a verifier the information of the user; sending a cryptographic challenge nonce; receiving at the processor associated with the verifier the cryptographic challenge nonce signed by the user's private key; verifying user identity with the cryptographic challenge nonce signed by the user's private key; deriving a public attest key by using the information of the user; deriving an attestation address using the public attest key; and verifying the existence of the attestation transaction at the attestation address in the centralized or distributed ledger.

Abstract: A method for use in a source device includes: acquiring a random number; transmitting the random number to a sink device through a High Definition Multimedia Interface-Consumer Electronics Control (HDMI-CEC) bus; receiving first signature information and capability information from the sink device through the HDMI-CEC bus, the first signature information being information in which the random number is encrypted with a first secret key of the sink device, the capability information being information about a display capability of the sink device; acquiring a result of a first determination whether first decrypted information is compatible with the transmitted random number, the first decrypted information being obtained by decrypting the first signature information with a first public key paired with the first secret key; determining that the received capability information is correct information when the result of the first determination is that the first decrypted information is compatible with the transmitte

Abstract: A service processing method and apparatus to expand a use range of the value-added service, where the method includes receiving, by an agent node, a first ciphertext from a user agent (UA), where the first ciphertext is obtained by encrypting service information by the UA using a first key, decrypting the first ciphertext using a second key to obtain the service information, and sending the service information to a service processing system such that the service processing system processes the service information according to a value-added service, and triggers a process of sending the processed service information to a network server. The first key and the second key are keys agreed on between the UA and the agent node when the UA and the agent node establish an encrypted connection.

Abstract: A system and method for certificate validation. The method includes acquiring revocation information associated with one or more revoked certificates from a plurality of certificate authorities, signing the revocation information, and storing the signed revocation information. Further, the method includes receiving a request from a client to connect to a web server. In response to the request, certificate information from the web server is received. The method further includes comparing the certificate information with stored revocation information and terminating a connection between the web server and the client when the certificate information matches a revoked certificate information included in the stored revocation information.

Abstract: The systems, methods and apparatuses described herein provide a computing environment that includes secure time management. An apparatus according to the present disclosure may comprise a non-volatile storage to store a synchronization time and a processor. The processor may be configured to generate a request for a current time, transmit the request to a trusted timekeeper, receive a digitally signed response containing a current, real-world time from the trusted timekeeper, verify the digital signature of the response, verify that the response is received within a predefined time, compare a nonce in the request to a nonce in the response, determine that the current, real-world time received from the trusted timekeeper is within a range of a current time calculated at the apparatus and update the synchronization time with the current, real-world time in the response.

Abstract: A method for a re-issuance of an attribute-based credential of an issuer of the attribute-based credential for a user may be provided. The user is holding backup values derived from a first credential previously obtained from the issuer, wherein the first credential is built using at least a first value of at least one authentication pair. The method comprises receiving by the issuer from the user a set of values derived from the backup values comprising a second value of the at least one authentication pair, validating by the issuer that the second value is a valid authentication answer with respect to the first value and whether the set of values was derived from a valid first credential, and providing by the issuer a second credential to the user based on the first set of values.

Abstract: Various systems and methods for providing a policy realization framework for a communications network are disclosed. The policy realization framework can be an application and service layer policy framework that is separate and distinct from the network layer policy framework. As such, policy decisions can be made remote from the network layer, and common policies across multiple networks are possible. Methods and systems for providing these and other features are disclosed. A policy intelligence rules system for a policy realization framework, and methods of implementing a policy intelligence rules system, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A multicast forwarding method and an apparatus, where a bit-forwarding egress router (BFER) in a bit index explicit replication (BIER) network may determine, according to information about a multicast group in a multicast receiver list obtained in advance, an Internet Protocol (IP) address of a registration router that supports the multicast group, the BFER generates a BFER registration message according to the information about the multicast group and the IP address of the registration router that supports the multicast group, where the BFER registration message includes the information about the multicast group, a destination IP address of the BFER registration message is the IP address of the registration router, and a source IP address of the BFER registration message is an IP address of the BFER, and the BFER sends the BFER registration message to the registration router.

Abstract: A transmission method for a common message and a device may be used in a machine-to-machine (M2M) application based on a long term evolution (LTE) network, which relates to a field of communication technologies and for effectively ensuring that both a low cost machine type communication (MTC) terminal and a normal LTE terminal may reliably receive the common message, where the transmission method includes determining common message transmission time instances corresponding to a first terminal, wherein the common message transmission time instances corresponding to the first terminal are a part of time instances of cell common message transmission time instances, and sending a common message at the determined common message transmission time instances corresponding to the first terminal, a bandwidth of frequency resources used for sending the common message being no larger than a data processing bandwidth that the first terminal is capable of supporting.

Abstract: A method for providing data produced in a conference, in which voice signals from participants in the conference are mixed in a conference bridge, can include provision of a time base that runs concurrently over the duration of the conference and setup of automatic identification of each participant when this participant speaks in the conference. The method also comprises capture of conversation contribution by each speaking participant to a conversation by the participants which is conducted during the conference as speaking time associated with each speaking participant at the conference, association of a time stamp with the speaking time, and production of statistical data by virtue of statistical evaluation of the speaking times of the participants.

Abstract: A lighting device utilizes physical or virtual separation of elements within the lighting device to isolate a first portion of data for delivery to a first data network from a second portion of data for delivery to a second data network. The first portion of data relates to a first signal generated responsive to a first sensed condition. The second portion of data may relate to the first signal or to a second signal generated responsive to the first sensed condition or a second sensed condition. The lighting device utilizes a first communication interface to deliver the first portion of data to the first data network and a second communication interface to deliver the second portion of data to the second data network.

Abstract: A mobile device includes a memory configured to store a program; and a processor configured to control one or more external apparatuses by executing the program. The program includes commands which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to identify the one or more external apparatuses communicable with and controllable by the mobile device, from a plurality of external apparatuses; provide apparatus information of the one or more external apparatuses, to a server; receive, from the server, control information for controlling the one or more external apparatuses for a user's intention; and transmit a control command to the one or more external apparatuses based on the received control information.

Abstract: A method and appliance for a communicating on a network includes an appliance interactive display coupled to an appliance communication module, wherein the appliance communication module is configured to receive a message, and in response to the received message, the appliance is configured to send a return message that relates to the message.

Abstract: An arrangement that includes a bus subscriber with two power supply terminals, at least one bus line terminal and a bus interface circuit for controlling a data flow via the at least one bus line terminal, wherein a controllable switch is located between the bus interface circuit and the at least one bus line terminal and the bus subscriber contains a sensor circuit which records the voltage between the power supply terminals or a voltage derived therefrom and closes the controllable switch if the recorded voltage exceeds a threshold value and opens the same if the recorded voltage fails to reach the threshold value, where with an arrangement including at least two bus subscribers, these bus subscribers are connected with their bus line terminals to a bus having at least one bus line and with their power supply terminals via two current lines to a shared voltage source.

Abstract: A method of remote monitoring and remote control of a cluster including nodes connected to a communication network of a first type, a relay node of the nodes including first and second network interfaces in accordance with first and second types of communication network respectively, the first and second types being distinct, some steps of the monitoring and control method being implemented in a remote computer linked to the relay node by a communication network of the second type, the method including receiving a packet via the first network interface; encapsulating the received data packet in a data frame in accordance with a protocol of the communication network of the second type; sending the data frame to the remote computer via the second network interface, the receiving of the data packet, the encapsulating of the data packet and the sending of the data frame being implemented in the relay node.

Abstract: A layer 2 tunneling protocol access concentrator (LAC) may receive an indication to set up a layer 2 tunneling protocol (L2TP) tunnel. The LAC may determine, based on the indication, a multicast address associated with initiating setup of the L2TP tunnel. The LAC may provide, to the multicast address, a request associated with initiating the L2TP tunnel. The request may be provided such that a plurality of L2TP network servers (LNSs) receives the request. The LAC may receive a set of responses to the request. The set of responses may be provided by a respective set of LNSs. The plurality of LNSs may include the respective set of LNSs. The LAC may select, based on the set of responses, a particular LNS, of the respective set of LNSs, with which to set up the L2TP tunnel.

Abstract: A SDN controller receives a packet sent by a VTEP to be forwarded at the layer-3. The SDN controller may determine at least one VXLAN gateway that could reach the destination node of the packet and which is located in the same VXLAN with a source node of the packet, as a forwarding gateway. After forwarding gateway is determined, the SDN controller may distribute a flow entry to the VTEP, which may help VTEP to forward the packets sent from the source node to the destination node to the determined forwarding gateway.

Abstract: This application provides a data processing method and apparatus. The method includes: receiving, by a first VNFC a first data packet and a flow label of the first data packet that are sent by a second VNFC, where the flow label is generated by the second VNFC according to flow information of the first data packet or is received by the second VNFC from a third VNFC; and selecting, by the first VNFC according to the flow label, a first processing node configured to process the first data packet, where the first processing node is a processing node in the first VNFC. By means of the method in this application, system consumption can be reduced, and processing efficiency of a data packet can be improved.

Abstract: This disclosure describes methods, apparatus, and systems related to a channel estimation field (CEF) for various standards, for example, the 802.11ay standard, for single carrier (SC) MIMO channel estimation. In one embodiment, the CEF can use Golay complementary sequences. In another embodiment, the Golay complementary sequences can be defined similar to Golay complementary sequences definitions that can be found in various legacy standards, for example, the legacy 802.11ad standard. Various embodiments of the disclosure can allow channel estimation in the time domain and/or frequency domain, having small or negligible inter-stream interference. Various embodiments of the disclosure can enable an extendable structure for various M×N MIMO configurations, where M and N are positive integers.

Abstract: A method is provided for computing a channel quality indicator (CQI) value by a user equipment in a wireless communication system. Channel status information-reference signal (CSI-RS) resources and zero power CSI-RS resources are configured through a higher layer. The CQI value is computed based on a channel measurement and an interference measurement. The channel measurement is performed by using the CSI-RS resources and the interference measurement is performed by using the zero power CSI-RS resources. If two CSI subframe sets are configured, the interference measurement for one CSI subframe set of the two CSI subframe sets is performed by using the zero power CSI-RS resources within a subframe subset belonging to the one CSI subframe set.

Abstract: A method of estimating a spatial filter matrix is provided. A conjugate of a received first signal defines a conjugate first signal. A Kronecker product of the defined first signal and a received second signal define a differential measurement signal. The computations are repeated for a plurality of first and second signals sufficient to compute an estimate of a channel matrix from the differential measurement signals. A spatial filter matrix is computed from the computed estimate of the channel matrix. The computed spatial filter matrix is used in a data communication phase between the first plurality of antennas and the second plurality of antennas.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for receiving signal elements corresponding to a first group of symbols of a vector signaling codeword over a first densely-routed wire group of a multi-wire bus at a first set of multi-input comparators (MICs), receiving signal elements corresponding to a second group of symbols of the vector signaling codeword over a second densely-routed wire group of the multi-wire bus at a second set of MICs, and receiving signal elements corresponding to the first and the second groups of symbols of the vector signaling codeword at a global MIC.

Abstract: A disclosure of the present specification provides a method for determining whether to drive a symbol level interference canceller on the basis of a network support. The method comprises the steps of: determining whether to turn on the symbol level interference canceller on the basis of condition information on at least one between a serving cell and an interference cell; driving the symbol level interference canceller according to the determination; and determining whether to turn off the symbol level interference canceller, when the condition information has changed, while driving the symbol level interference canceller.

Abstract: A system and method for Feed Forward Equalizer (FFE)-Aided Clock Data Recovery (CDR) to calibrate phase offset and enhance gain in baud rate sampling phase detector is provided. In an embodiment, a clock data recovery (CDR) apparatus includes an incremental feed forward equalizer (INC-FFE) in a CDR path and a calibration component in an equalization path, the calibration component connected to the INC-FFE, the calibration component configured to adjust FFE coefficients for the INC-FFE according to a phase code (PC) index in a PC index table and one of a signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and a bit error rate (BER) of a sampled signal, wherein the PC index table comprises adjustment values for the FFE coefficients, and wherein the PC index is linearly related to a sampling phase.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a transmission device that includes at least one transceiver configured to modulate data to generate a plurality of first electromagnetic waves in accordance with channel control parameters. A plurality of couplers are configured to couple at least a portion of the plurality of first electromagnetic waves to a transmission medium, wherein the plurality of couplers generate a plurality of second electromagnetic waves that propagate along the outer surface of the transmission medium. A training controller is configured to generate the channel control parameters based on channel state information received from at least one remote transmission device. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for generating two comparator outputs by comparing a received signal to a first threshold and a second threshold according to a sampling clock, the first and second thresholds determined by an estimated amount of inter-symbol interference on a multi-wire bus, selecting one of the two comparator outputs as a data decision, the selection based on at least one prior data decision, and selecting one of the two comparator outputs as a phase-error indication, the phase error indication selected in response to identification of a predetermined data decision pattern.

Abstract: A receiver circuit comprising: an input terminal configured to receive an input-signal; a feedforward-ADC configured to provide a feedforward-digital-signal based on the input-signal; a feedforward-DAC configured to provide a feedforward-analogue-signal based on the feedforward-digital-signal; a feedforward-subtractor configured to provide an error-signal based on the difference between the feedforward-analogue-signal and the input-signal; an error-LNA configured to provide an amplified-error-signal based on the error-signal; an error-ADC configured to provide a digital-amplified-error-signal based on the amplified-error-signal; a mixer configured to down-convert a signal in a signal path between the input terminal and the error-ADC; and an error-cancellation-block configured to provide an error-cancelled-signal based on a difference between the digital-amplified-error-signal and the feedforward-digital-signal.

Abstract: A radio device includes an amplifier; a storage that stores therein distortion compensation coefficients each of which compensates distortion that is generated in the amplifier; an updater that reads, from the storage in a first time section, the distortion compensation coefficients associated with a portion of an input signal input during the first time section and stores the read distortion compensation coefficients in a memory, and that updates, in a second time section, the distortion compensation coefficients stored in the memory and writes the updated distortion compensation coefficients in the storage; and a controller that controls the updater such that, when the same input signal is repeatedly input, the distortion compensation coefficients associated with a portion that is different from the portion of the input signal input the last time are stored in the memory in the first time section.

Abstract: A method and system is provided for allowing signals across electrical domains. The method includes applying a clock signal (of at least 1 GHz) to an electronic element in a location having first electrical properties. Data is output from the first electronic element; and received at a second electronic element located in a location having second electrical properties. The first and second electrical properties are different by either voltage and clock frequency.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a communication method and system for converging a 5th-Generation (5G) communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4th-Generation (4G) system with a technology for Internet of Things (IoT). The present disclosure may be applied to intelligent services based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology, such as smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, smart retail, security and safety services. Method and system for minimizing channel preservation time in a cellular communication network. The system, after channel sensing and if the channel is free, dynamically determines a Preservation Signal (PS) value, and then adjusts the channel preservation time, based on the determined PS value. The system can minimize the channel preservation time, by restarting data transmission upon detecting a symbol boundary, while the data transmission is in progress.

Abstract: The embodiments of disclosure disclose a method and device for multiuser superposition transmission and a method and device for demodulating multiuser information transmission. In the method, two bit information streams are respectively modulated into a first complex symbol sequence and a second complex symbol sequence; superposition processing on the first complex symbol sequence and the second complex symbol sequence is performed to generate a third complex symbol sequence, wherein the third complex symbol sequence has a Gray mapping attribute; and a sending signal is formed according to the third complex symbol sequence, and the sending signal is sent to multiple receivers.

Abstract: In one example, an apparatus includes an offset tunable edge slicer having an input to receive a pulse amplitude modulation signal. The offset tunable edge slicer also has a plurality of possible offset settings corresponding to a plurality of different reference voltages of the offset tunable edge slicer. A multiplexer has an output coupled to the input of the offset tunable edge slicer and an input to receive a control signal that selects one of the plurality of possible offset settings for the offset tunable edge slicer. A phase detector has an input coupled to an output of the offset tunable edge slicer.

Abstract: A system and method of communicating sounding reference signals (SRSs) in a cellular time division duplex (TDD) mmWave system. A transmission point (TP) may transmit beamformed reference signals to a user equipment (UE), each of the beamformed reference signals having been transmitted according to a beam direction in a set of beam directions available to the TP. The TP may receive a feedback message from the UE that identifies one of the beamformed reference signals transmitted to the UE. The TP may select, from the set of beam directions available to the TP, a subset of beam directions for SRS reception based on the feedback message received from the UE, and receive uplink SRS signals according to beam directions in the subset of beam directions. The set of beam directions available to the TP includes at least one beam direction that is excluded from the subset of beam directions.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals thereof are disclosed. The apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals comprises an encoder for encoding service data, a mapper for mapping the encoded service data into a plurality of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex) symbols to build at least one signal frame, a frequency interleaver for frequency interleaving data in the at least one signal frame by using a different interleaving-seed which is used for every OFDM symbol pair comprised of two sequential OFDM symbols, a modulator for modulating the frequency interleaved data by an OFDM scheme and a transmitter for transmitting the broadcast signals having the modulated data, wherein the different interleaving-seed is generated based on a cyclic shifting value and wherein an interleaving seed is variable based on an FFT size of the modulating.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an interleaving processing method and device in a WLAN system. The apparatus includes: a bit parsing unit, configured to allocate bits in a coded data stream to n sub resource block interleaving units according to a specific sequence, where n is a positive integer greater than 1, and a value of n is a quantity of resource blocks allocated to the user; and the sub resource block interleaving units, configured to perform discrete interleaving on input bits. According to the foregoing apparatus and method, system performance can be improved.

Abstract: Channel data for a plurality of OFDM tones for one or more spatial or space-time streams are determined. A plurality of angle values associated with the one or more spatial or space-time streams and the one or more OFDM tones of the plurality of OFDM tones are determined. For each of the one or more spatial or space time streams, a per-tone signal to noise ratio (PT-SNR) associated with one or more OFDM tone of the plurality of OFDM tones is determined, and an average signal to noise ratio (avg-SNR) is determined by averaging signal to noise ratio (SNR) values corresponding to one or more OFDM tones of the plurality of OFDM tones. A feedback report is generated to include at least i) the plurality of angle values, ii) the PT-SNRs, and iii) the avg-SNR.

Abstract: A system and method for acquiring a frequency hopped spread spectrum (FHSS) signal with no prior knowledge about the FHSS signal. In example implementations, an RF signal is received at a receiver. The RF signal is converted into a stream of digital signal levels. Energy detections are identified in the stream of digital signal as possible hops of a FHSS signal. A feature set is blindly acquired for defining an FHSS signal from the energy detections. At least one waveform classification is generated based on the feature set. Energy detections are re-acquired from the RF signal based on the waveform classification.

Abstract: A novel quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) demodulator, called the bowknot quadrature phase-shift keying (BQPSK) demodulator, is disclosed. The BQPSK demodulator uses a delay circuit to delay a BQPSK signal and mixes the delayed BQPSK signal with the undelayed BQPSK signal to output an I-channel data signal and a Q-channel data signal. The BQPSK demodulator further uses a phase rotation circuit to demodulate the orthogonal data signals and obtain a recovery clock signal. The BQPSK demodulator neither uses an A/D converter nor uses a quadrature oscillator, featuring high data rate, low power consumption, simple architecture and superior reliability. The BQPSK demodulator can be realized by digital circuits and analog circuits.

Abstract: An alarm processing method and an alarm processing apparatus are provided. In the alarm processing method, an alarm reported by a Virtualized Network Function (VNF) is received; VNF Forwarding Graph (VNF FG) information of the VNF and/or Network Forwarding Path (NFP) information of the VNF is acquired; and alarm analysis processing is performed on the received alarm according to the VNF FG information and/or the NFP information acquired.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method for controlling an outage of a network element (300) in a cellular network (40) using an outage database (130), the outage database containing for each of a plurality of the network elements (300) controlled by the cellular network at least the following network element dependent information: first operating parameters describing an error free operation of the corresponding network element, outage detection rules indicating when a outage for the corresponding network element is present, outage compensation rules indicating how the outage of the corresponding network element should be compensated, the outage compensation rules including compensation parameters to be used by compensating network elements (300b-300g) in order to compensate the outage of one of the network elements (300a).

Abstract: In one aspect, a system for distributed consistent hash backed time rollup of performance metric data is disclosed. The system includes a plurality of collectors configured to receive, time series metrics data for a plurality of performance metrics from one or more agents instrumented into monitored applications; a plurality of aggregators communicatively connected to the collectors and configured to aggregate the received time series metric data for the plurality of performance metrics, wherein each aggregator is assigned to aggregate all received time series metrics data for one or more of the plurality of performance metrics; and a coordinator communicatively connected to the plurality of collectors and plurality of aggregators and configured to provide collectors with information on availability of the plurality of aggregators.

Abstract: An arbitration method, apparatus, and system, relates to the field of computer technologies, where the arbitration method, executed by a first data center, includes viewing a preset arbitration policy when determining that communication between the first data center and a second data center is interrupted, and an arbitration device cannot perform arbitration, and continuing providing a service when determining, according to the arbitration policy, that the first data center is a preferred data center, or stopping providing the service when determining, according to the preset arbitration policy, that the first data center is not the preferred data center, where the first data center and the second data center are active-active data centers. Hence, the arbitration method, apparatus, and system solve a problem of a service interruption caused by a fault of the arbitration device, therefore an uninterrupted service is provided for a user.

Abstract: Techniques described herein may be used to provide an operator of a network with a current configuration of computing nodes of a distributed system, and processes (e.g., virtual machines) hosted by the computing nodes, and/or a history of changes to the configuration of the computing nodes and/or hosted processes. An operator may cause a computing node, and the processes hosted by the computing node, to be configured based on configuration data stored by a configuration database. Another operator may change the configuration of the computing node, and/or the hosted processes, by changing the configuration data stored by the configuration database. The computing node may create a record of the change. Yet another operator may request that the current configuration of the computing node and the hosted processes (and/or a history of configuration changes to the configuration data) be provided, and the computing node may provide requested information.

Abstract: A system and method for semi-automated configuration of a low-latency multimedia playback system, wherein a media computing device is configured to present a plurality of configuration prompts for user interaction via a wireless network, direct the configuration of the media computing device based on received user interaction via the prompts, and direct the operation of a plurality of network-connected media rendering devices.

Abstract: Provided is a universal data network and its construction method, and a generalized computer system and its construction method. A data transmission layer for performing human-computer interactions in an open network environment and a data domination layer for performing intelligent computer-computer cooperation in a closed network environment combine the universal data network. Intelligent elements and human-computer interaction elements are connected in a universal data network mode to form the generalized computer system. Software program codes of the universal data network only exist in the data domination layer, facilitating prevention of software piracy; and coexistence of multiple networks allows diversified development of commercial data services.

Abstract: Cart mode provisioning of shared computing devices refers to provisioning or configuring the shared computing devices so that the shared computing devices operate in an appropriate mode for a particular shared usage environment. Such a shared usage environment can be, for example, a school environment in which the appropriate mode is a mode in which the shared computing devices are locked so that a limited number of programs and network accessibility is available to the shared computing devices. A user of a setup computing device selects some preferences regarding the setup of the shared computing devices, and a configuration package is generated that includes various configuration information based on the user selections. The configuration package is then made available to the shared computing devices, which are configured or provisioned in accordance with the configuration information.

Abstract: A system for testing Ethernet paths or links without adversely impacting non-test traffic. The system includes a test traffic generator that includes a scheduler that determines when a new test packet is generated. The test traffic generator includes a packet creator that builds a test packet and a transmitter for transmitting the test packet via the Ethernet path or link. The packet creator sends the test packet to the transmitter. The traffic generator includes a transmit credit block coupled to the transmitter or to the scheduler. The transmit credit block stores an amount of credits representing a number of bytes that are available to transmit and decrements the amount each time a non-test packet is communicated via the Ethernet path or link.