Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a time-frequency deviation compensation method, and a user terminal. A temperature compensation exception can be identified and a time-frequency deviation caused by the temperature compensation exception can be compensated by implementing the embodiments of the present invention.

Abstract: A control apparatus includes, for at least two-phase signals detected from a resolver excited by a carrier signal having a carrier frequency fc, a first phase shifter that shifts a phase of a first phase signal of the resolver with a pole at a frequency f1 lower than the carrier frequency fc, a second phase shifter that shifts a phase of a second phase signal of the resolver with a pole at a frequency f2 higher than the carrier frequency fc, a signal generator that generates a correction signal for canceling out an error component of the carrier signal, and a synthesizer that synthesizes the phase-shifted first phase signal, the phase-shifted second signal, and the correction signal for canceling out the error component, in order to create a phase-modulated signal that is the carrier signal being modulated at a rotation angle of a rotor of the resolver.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for a noise-shaping successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital-converter (ADC) using Sampled Analog Technology (SAT) filter techniques for filter construction. A SAR ADC includes an SAR for receiving an analog input signal and outputting a digital decision, a digital-to-analog converter and logic circuitry for converting the digital decision of the SAR to a present analog residue for a present conversion cycle, a filter for processing a previous analog residue from a previous conversion cycle, and for feeding a processed previous analog residue back to the SAR, a summer for summing the processed previous analog residue from the filter and the present analog residue, and generating a summer output, and a comparator for comparing the summer output and a first reference signal and generating a comparator output. The filter includes a capacitor array for filtering the previous analog residue to generate the processed previous analog residue.

Abstract: Circuits comprising: digital-to-amplitude converter (DAC), comprising: binary weighted switching transistors (BWSTs), each having gate coupled to amplitude control bit ACB, and wherein the drain of each of the BWSTs are connected together and wherein the source of each of the BWSTs are connected together; transistor M1 having gate coupled to input signal and first bias voltage BV1 and source coupled to the drains of the BWSTs; transistor M2 having gate coupled to BV2 and source coupled to the drain of M1; transistor M3 having gate coupled to BV3 and source coupled to the drain of M2; transistor having gate coupled to BV4, source coupled to the drain of M3; and inverter having input coupled to another ACB and having output coupled to the output of the DAC and the drain of M4.

Abstract: A delta-sigma Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) (IC) which includes an input feed-forward path extending from an input to the ADC to a feed-forward summing circuit disposed between a loop filter and quantizer of the ADC, and a filter disposed in the feed-forward path as an apparatus for improving distortion performance in the delta-sigma ADC. The filter may be a low pass filter, for example, a Resistor-Capacitor (RC) circuit. The filter may have a cut-off frequency outside the ADC's passband. The filtering provided may be continuous-time filtering, even if the delta-sigma ADC is a discrete-time delta-sigma ADC.

Abstract: A signal modulation device comprising: an input for receiving a complex input signal (106) comprising an in-phase component signal and a quadrature-phase component signal, a sigma-delta modulator (110) for modulating the complex input signal at an oversampling clock rate (F1) into an intermediary signal (112), a numerical oscillator (60) for generating a phase signal (61) oscillating at a selected carrier frequency (FC), wherein the phase signal takes a finite number of quantized states, and a symbol mapping table (114) comprising a predefined quantized symbol for each quantized complex state of the intermediary signal and each quantized state of the phase signal, and operates at each oversampling clock period (F1) to select a quantized symbol (116) as a function of a current quantized complex state of the intermediary signal (112) and a current quantized state of the phase signal (61).

Abstract: In method for processing a measured-value signal determined in an analog manner and a resolver system for implementing the method, the measured-value signal being supplied to a delta-sigma modulator, which makes a bit stream, particularly a one-bit data stream, available on the output side, in particular, whose moving average corresponds to the measured-value signal, the bit stream being supplied to a first digital filter, which converts the bit stream into a stream of digital intermediate words, that is a multibit data stream, the first digital filter having three serially arranged differentiators, the bit stream being clocked at a clock frequency fS, that is, at a clock-pulse period TS=1/fS, and therefore the stream of digital intermediate words being clocked, and thus updated, at a clock-pulse frequency fD, that is, at a clock-pulse period TD=1/fD, the output signal of the first digital filter being supplied to a second digital filter, the second digital filter having as its output data-word stream the dif

Abstract: An efficient adaptive seismic data flow lossless compression and decompression method, which aims at solving the problem that data occupies the storage space and affects the transmission efficiency and is used for efficiently compressing geophysical instrument data, particularly seismic data after 24-bit analog-to-digital conversion. In the method, a data flow is compressed in a lossless mode in real time, and sampling data is adaptively compressed into 1 byte or 2 bytes or 3 bytes from original 24 bits and 3 bytes in a coding manner. Besides the foregoing data ranges, other integers that can be expressed by other 24-bit integer data with symbols are required to be expressed by 4 bytes after being operated through a compression algorithm. The method has the advantages of saving a large amount of storage space and remarkably increasing the data transmission efficiency.

Abstract: Aspects of dynamic data compression selection are presented. In an example method, as uncompressed data chunks of a data stream are compressed, at least one performance factor affecting selection of one of multiple compression algorithms for the uncompressed data chunks of the data stream may be determined. Each of the multiple compression algorithms may facilitate a different expected compression ratio. One of the multiple compression algorithms may be selected separately for each uncompressed data chunk of the data stream based on the at least one performance factor. Each uncompressed data chunk may be compressed using the selected one of the multiple compression algorithms for the uncompressed data chunk.

Abstract: A circuit, system, and method for converting self capacitance to a digital value may include a pair of charge transfer circuits, each including a deadband switch network, a sensor capacitor or modulation capacitor, and an integration capacitor may be coupled to a comparator to produce a bitstream representative of the capacitance of the sensor capacitor of one of the charge transfer circuits. The bitstream may be used to indicate a capacitance value of the self capacitance through conversion by a digitizing circuit element.

Abstract: Examples of techniques for hardware assisted data protection are disclosed. In one example implementation according to aspects of the present disclosure, a method may include receiving a read data record comprising at least one memory write, the read data record having an associated cyclic redundancy check (CRC). The method may further include calculating, by a hardware module, an expected CRC for the read data record. Additionally, the method may include comparing the expected CRC to a known CRC stored in a known CRC data store. Finally, the method may include authenticating the read data record when the expected CRC matches a corresponding known CRC.

Abstract: A system for hardware error-correcting code (ECC) detection or correction of a received codeword from an original codeword includes an error-detecting circuit configured to process a selection of symbols of the received codeword using a set of factors, the original codeword being recomputable from a corresponding said selection of symbols of the original codeword using the set of factors. The error-detecting circuit includes a hardware multiplier and accumulator configured to use the set of factors and the selection of symbols of the received codeword to recompute remaining symbols of the original codeword, and a hardware comparator configured to compare the recomputed remaining symbols of the original codeword with corresponding said remaining symbols of the received codeword and to output first results of this comparison.

Abstract: A flash memory storage management method includes: providing a flash memory module including single-level-cell (SLC) blocks and at least one multiple-level-cell block such as MLC block, TLC block, or QLC block; classifying data to be programmed into groups of data; respectively executing SLC programming and RAID-like error code encoding to generate corresponding parity check codes, to program the groups of data and corresponding parity check codes to the SLC blocks; when completing program of the SLC blocks, performing an internal copy to program the at least one multiple-level-cell block by sequentially reading and writing the groups of data and corresponding parity check codes from the SLC blocks to the multiple-level-cell block according to a storage order of the SLC blocks.

Abstract: An encoding and decoding method of low-density parity-check code is disclosed. The method is following steps: a high rate check code is transferred to a check matrix having a protograph. The check matrix is extended to form an extended base matrix and is split to form a split base matrix. The extended base matrix and the split base matrix are respectively calculated to generate their decoding threshold by a protograph extrinsic information transfer chart. The base matrix with the lower decoding threshold is considered as a low rate base matrix. Repeating the above process until a stop condition is satisfied. The last low rate base matrix is expanded to form a parity check matrix. The transmission data is encoded and decoded by the parity check matrix.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a check node processing unit implemented in a decoder, said decoder being configured to decode a signal encoded using an error correcting code, said signal comprising symbols, the check node processing unit being configured to receive at least two input messages and to generate at least one output message, each message comprising a plurality of components, each component comprising a value of a symbol and a reliability metrics associated with said symbol, wherein the check node processing unit comprises: a data structure (31) configured to store said input messages, the components of the input messages being associated with an integer index in the data structure; a data processing unit (33) configured to apply one or more iterations of a transformation operation to at least a part of the data structure, each iteration of the transformation operation being performed to arrange the components of said input messages in said data structure (31) depending on at least some of

Abstract: A radio frequency receiver having a plurality of parallel receiving paths, wherein each path can receive a radio frequency signal in one of a plurality of radio frequency bands and amplify the received signal in a low noise amplifier. The amplified signals from the plurality of parallel paths are combined to one combined radio frequency signal in a common summation node and down-converted to a lower frequency signal in a mixer circuit. Each low noise amplifier comprises a low noise transconductance circuit providing a current signal to drive the common summation node, and an automatic gain control circuit in each path compensates for variations in signal strength independently of signal strengths of signals received by the other receiving paths. The receiver is suitable for simultaneous multiple band reception, where received signal strength can vary between the frequency bands.

Abstract: A multi-bit digital signal that is generated by modulating a baseband signal by a modulation circuit and includes components in a radio frequency band is amplified by switch-mode amplifiers (100-1, 100-2) on a bit-by-bit basis, amplified signals are band-limited by frequency-variable variable band limiting units (201-1, 201-2) and thereafter subjected to voltage-to-current conversion by voltage/current source conversion units (202-1, 202-2) provided with variable capacitances, the signals converted to current are synthesized at a synthesis point X, and a resultant signal is impedance-corrected by an impedance correction unit (203) and output as a transmission signal to an antenna of a load (300). Consequently, the present invention provides a transmitter capable of synthesizing output signals from a plurality of switch-mode amplifiers and transmitting a resultant signal while maintaining an impedance characteristic with respect to a plurality of transmit frequencies without increasing a circuit size.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for implementing and using a transceiver with multiple transmission paths. Performance may be monitored in at least one of the multiple transmit paths, based on power related parameters and/or frequency spectrum usage. Based on the monitored performance, one or both of operation of a particular transmit path from the multiple transmit paths may be controlled and assigning of a plurality of segments, in a frequency spectrum that is used for transmission of signals, to the multiple transmit paths. Controlling operation of the particular transmit path may comprise disabling or enabling that transmit path. The frequency spectrum may be segmented, into the plurality of segment, such that each of the segments is uniformly sized, or at least one of the segments is sized differently. The segmenting may be performed to maintain compliance and/or compatibility with one or more protocols or standards applicable to said transmission.

Abstract: A controller can include a signal generator configured to provide an input signal to a modulator. The controller can be configured to generate a modulator compensation parameter in response to a modulated feedback signal corresponding to an output of the modulator. The controller can also be configured to generate a power amplifier predistortion signal in response to an amplified feedback signal corresponding to an output of a power amplifier coupled to the modulator.

Abstract: Provided is a wireless communication control system including a control apparatus that controls driving of one or more driving devices in accordance with a plurality of predetermined driving patterns, a first radio having a directional antenna, and a second radio, wherein when the control apparatus controls driving of a driving device according to a driving pattern, transmission control is performed such that information is transmitted to a reception radio in wireless communication between the first radio and the second radio, under a predetermined communication condition other than a wireless communication prohibition condition under which wireless communication between the first radio and the second radio is prohibited, the predetermined communication condition being determined based on predetermined noise information.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide mechanisms that enable designing an FIR filter that would have a guaranteed globally optimal magnitude response in terms of the minimax optimality criterion given a desired weight on the error in the stopband versus the passband. Design of such a filter is based on a theorem (“characterization theorem”) that provides an approach for characterizing the global minimax optimality of a given FIR filter h[n], n=0, 1, . . . , N, where optimality is evaluated with respect to a magnitude response of this filter, |H(ej?)|, as compared to the desired filter response, D(?), which is unity in the passband and zero in the stopband. The characterization theorem enables characterizing optimality for both real-valued and complex-valued filter coefficients, and does not require any symmetry in the coefficients, thus being applicable to all non-linear phase FIR filters.

Abstract: An example disclosed method for registering an unregistered radio frequency (RF) location tag carried by a participant includes receiving blink data from an unregistered RF location tag; determining a tag location based on the blink data received from the unregistered RF location tag; directing a camera to view the tag location determined based on the blink data received from the unregistered RF location tag; identifying a participant at the tag location using image data obtained by the camera; and registering the unregistered RF location tag with the identified participant.

Abstract: A method for cancelling interference and receiving a signal by a user equipment in a wireless communication system, the method includes identifying assistance information for cancelling an interference signal transmitted from an interfering base station; cancelling the interference signal based on the assistance information; and receiving a desired signal from a serving base station, wherein the user equipment assumes a part of the assistance information for cancelling the interference signal as a limited value and then receives the interference signal, and wherein a modulation order of the interference signal as the part of the assistance information is smaller than or equal to a specific value as the limited value.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for acquiring channel information in a polarization division duplex system. An uplink signal transmitted from a terminal is received, the uplink signal indicating that a null subcarrier is disposed in a first subcarrier overlapped with a second subcarrier including a downlink pilot signal, and a self-interference channel is estimated by using a signal received from the null subcarrier. A signal corresponding to the null subcarrier from the uplink signal is removed, and channel information is acquired by estimating the uplink channel based on estimation results of the self-interference channel and a pilot signal included in the uplink signal from which the null subcarrier is removed.

Abstract: A digital imagery display locket includes a locket case having a housing and an openable cover attached to the housing, a display configured to display digital imagery on the display secured to the housing and configured to be covered by the cover in a closed position, a processor disposed in the housing and configured to communicate with the display, a memory disposed in the housing and configured to store data used by the processor to create the digital imagery on the display, and a wireless transceiver disposed in the housing and configured to wirelessly receive the data and to communicate the data to the processor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a speech processing device with which it is possible to achieve smooth communication between the passengers of a host vehicle and the passengers of a desired vehicle. In a communication system according to the present invention, a first communication device 10 transmits the position of a first vehicle Mc, the speech of a speaker 601, and a direction d of utterance to multiple unspecified second vehicles Mr in the surroundings of the first vehicle Mc. A second communication device 10 processes the speech in a sound field formed inside the second vehicles Mr by a speaker array comprising a plurality of speakers 41 so that the virtual sound source of the speech is formed in the direction of the position of the first vehicle Mc, and outputs the processed speech using the speaker array at a sound volume calculated on the basis of the position of the first vehicle Mc, the positions of the second vehicles Mr, and the direction d of utterance of the speaker in the first vehicle Mc.

Abstract: An electronic device comprises a housing, a motion sensor configured to sense motion of the housing, and a processor configured to determine an impact geometry based on the motion. A countermeasure system comprises an actuator coupled to an actuated member. The actuated member is operable by the actuator to modify the impact geometry, so that impact energy is redirected away from an impact sensitive component of the electronic device to an energy absorbing component of the electronic device.

Abstract: Wireless communication wherein channel estimation accuracy is improved while keeping the position of each bit in a frame, even when a modulation system having a large modulation multiple value is used for a data symbol. An encoding operation encodes and outputs transmitting data (bit string) and a bit converting operation converts at least one bit of a plurality of bits constituting a data symbol to be used for channel estimation, among the encoded bit strings, into ‘1’ or ‘0’ A modulating operation modulates the bit string inputted from the bit converting operation by using a single modulation mapper and a plurality of data symbols are generated.

Abstract: A portable information handling system having plural radios, each radio having a dedicated antenna and interfaced with a common shared antenna. A controller tunes the shared antenna to support a multi-antenna configuration of one of the radios, such as a MIMO configuration, based upon one or more predetermined conditions, such as data communication supported by the radios, signal strength associated with the radios, proximity sensing at the information handling system housing, and a rotational relationship of rotationally coupled housing portions.

Abstract: Described herein are radio-frequency (RF) modules that include shielding for improved RF performance. The RF modules including a packaging substrate with a receiving system implemented thereon. The RF module includes a shield implemented to provide RF shielding for at least a portion of the receiving system. The receiving system can include any combination of pre-amplifier or post-amplifier bandpass filters, amplifiers, switching networks, impedance matching components, phase-shifting components, input multiplexers, and output multiplexers. The shielding can include a conductive layer within a conformal shielding on an upper side and side walls of the RF module. The shielding can be an overmold formed over the packaging substrate. The conductive layer can be connected to one or more ground planes. The packaging substrate can include contact features on an underside of the substrate for mounting an underside component.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for routing transmit and receive signals in a radio RF front end. According to one aspect, the disclosure provides a multiplexer method and apparatus for routing transmit signals to an antenna and routing amplified receive signals to a receiver. The multiplexer includes a first hybrid coupler having a first frequency response and at least one other hybrid coupler having a second frequency response. The at least one other hybrid coupler is coupled to the first hybrid coupler by a first and second splitters each cascaded with a set of amplifying circuits for balanced amplification. In some embodiments, the second frequency response complements the first frequency response to increase cancellation of two signals arriving at an output port of the at least one other hybrid coupler from two different paths through the first and the at least one other hybrid couplers.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer program product for chaotically generating a pseudorandom number sequence, such as for use in spread spectrum communications systems and in cryptographic systems. Chaotically generated pseudorandom numbers are not cyclostationary in nature, so output values encoded via such non-cyclostationary bases have no clear correlations. Spread signal communications systems using chaotically generated spreading codes thus operate without rate line artifacts, increasing their resistance to signal detection and to determinations of underlying signal chip rates and signal symbol rates. Broadcasts and guided transmissions (including either conductive wire or optical transmission media), in both radio frequency and optical systems are supported. Common spread spectrum communications systems including DSSS and FHSS may be strengthened through the use of chaotically generated spreading codes.

Abstract: A method for pseudo channel hopping in a node of a wireless mesh network is provided that includes scanning each channel of a plurality of channels used for packet transmission by the node, wherein each channel is scanned for a scan dwell time associated with the channel, updating statistics for each channel based on packets received by the node during the scanning of the channel, and changing scan dwell times of the plurality of channels periodically based on the statistics.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a system for receiving first electromagnetic waves via a transmission medium without utilizing an electrical return path, and inducing second electromagnetic waves at an interface of the transmission medium without the electrical return path. In an embodiment, the first and second electromagnetic waves have a non-optical frequency range. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a system for receiving first electromagnetic waves via a transmission medium without utilizing an electrical return path, and inducing second electromagnetic waves at an interface of the transmission medium without the electrical return path. In an embodiment, the first and second electromagnetic waves have a non-optical frequency range. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the contactless tapping of communication signals that are exchanged between two communication units, in particular a sensor or actuator and a digital evaluating or control unit, wherein the communication signals are transmitted on a line (2) of a multi-core cable (1) as voltage signals.

Abstract: It is presented a method for testing a cable connectable to a remote radio head. The method is performed in a test device and comprises the steps of: generating an outbound test container, the outbound test container comprising digital samples representing a test signal; transmitting the outbound test container and a frequency parameter indicating a frequency on which the test signal is to be transmitted to a converter device being connectable to a plurality of remote radio heads via respective cables, for transmission by the converter device; receiving an inbound test container, the inbound test container comprising digital samples of a response signal received by the converter device based on the outbound test container; and evaluating the inbound test container.

Abstract: A power receiving apparatus includes: a communication circuit that receives a control signal from a power transmitting apparatus through a wired transmission line; a control circuit that determines a propagation time in which the control signal is propagated from the power transmitting apparatus to the power receiving apparatus through the wired transmission line; and a demodulation circuit that receives modulated power from the power transmitting apparatus through a wired transmission line, and demodulates, based on the determined propagation time, the modulated power in synchronization with a phase of the modulated power.

Abstract: A wireless (e.g., near field or RF) communication device, and methods of manufacturing and using the same are disclosed. The wireless communication device includes a receiver and/or transmitter, a substrate with an antenna thereon, an integrated circuit, and one or more continuity sensors. The antenna receives and/or backscatters a wireless signal. The integrated circuit processes the wireless signal and/or information therefrom, and/or generates the wireless signal and/or information therefor. The continuity sensor(s) are configured to sense or determine the presence of a chemical or substance in the package or container, and thus a continuity state of a package or container on which the communication device is placed or to which the communication device is fixed or adhered. The continuity sensor(s) are electrically connected to a set of terminals of the integrated circuit different from the set of terminals to which the antenna is electrically connected.

Abstract: Disclosed are various examples for provisioning a client device through near-field communication (NFC). An administrator device can provide configuration parameters to a client device in a factory-reset condition through an NFC bump. A second NFC bump can be performed that provides enrollment parameters to the client device, after which the client device can complete enrollment with an enterprise mobility management (EMM) service.

Abstract: A device for power transmission includes a power transmission section and a detection section. The power transmission section is configured to transmit an electric power wirelessly. The detection section is operatively connected to the power transmission section and configured to detect an object within a range from the power transmission section based on a change in impedance in vicinity of the power transmission section.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes devices, systems, and methods for allocating bandwidth among communication links in a telecommunication system. Some aspects can involve identifying multiple transmission modes used to transmit downlink signals via remote units of a telecommunications system to groups of terminal devices. Each group of terminal devices may receive downlink signals using a respective transmission mode. Respective weights can be assigned to the groups of terminal devices based on the transmission modes. The downlink signals, which are provided to each remote unit associate with each group of terminal devices, can be configured using a respective signal power that is associated with a respective weight for the group of terminal devices associated with the respective remote unit.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein include distributed antenna systems (DASs) supporting expanded, programmable communications services distribution to remote communications service sector areas. In one embodiment, the DAS includes a first programmable switch for distributing downlink communications signals into one or more communications service sector sets. The DAS further includes a second programmable switch configured to distribute the one or more communications service sector sets to one or more remote communications service sector areas. A configurable extender module is also included to provide expanded routing of communications service sector sets in the DAS.

Abstract: A communication system where a central node (base-station or access point) communicates with multiple clients in its neighbourhood using transparent immediate beam-forming. Resource allocation and channel access is such that the central node does not necessarily know when each client starts its transmission. Receive beam-forming in such a system is not possible, as beam-forming coefficients for each client should be selected according to the particular channel realization from that client to the central node. Each client is detected early in its transmission cycle, based on either a signature that is part of the physical characteristics unique to that client, or based on a signature that is intentionally inserted in the clients' signal, and accordingly adjusts its beam-forming coefficients.

Abstract: An intelligent backhaul radio that has an advanced antenna system for use in PTP or PMP topologies. The antenna system provides a significant diversity benefit. Antenna configurations are disclosed that provide for increased transmitter to receiver isolation, adaptive polarization and MIMO transmission equalization. Adaptive optimization of transmission parameters based upon side information provided in the form of metric feedback from a far end receiver utilizing the antenna system is also disclosed.

Abstract: A wireless communication system with directional transmission for simultaneously relaying communications between an access point (AP) and multiple radio nodes in the network which are in a first category that supports multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) capability, or a second category having different signal processing capabilities. Utilizing a superframe, which is a modification of an existing protocol, a relaying service period (SP) controls multiple simultaneous training and data transmission frames. The AP selects a relay device from the radio nodes based on metrics selected from signal strength, estimation of air time, category of radio node, AoA/AoD, power connectivity. This allows data to be communicated in a MIMO hop from said AP to the selected relay device, with a multi-user (MU) MIMO hop from the selected relay device and a destination radio node (client).

Abstract: System and method of Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MU-MIMO) Beamforming communication. An MU-MIMO BF training session is used to train all the responders in a user group in relation to an initiator having multiple antenna arrays. Accordingly, suitable TX-RX sector pairs are selected based on the training results, and the user group is arranged into subsets such that the initiator can transmit data to the responders in one subset simultaneously by using mutually orthogonal BF waveforms. Prior to the MU-MIMO BF training session, the initiator can select TX sectors of the TX antennas and responders for the training session based on results from a prior or preliminary SISO BF training.

Abstract: Provided is a method of transmitting and receiving a frame for a multi-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO) communication in an access point (AP), the method including determining at least one transmission station (STA), transmitting, to the transmission STA, an uplink multi-user poll (UL MU poll) frame requesting a data frame, receiving the data frame from the at least one transmission STA simultaneously, and transmitting an acknowledgement (ACK) frame to the at least one transmission STA in response to the receiving.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus including an antenna, which, in operation, changes a beam pattern by using a plurality of antenna elements, a communicator, which, in operation, performs wireless communication with a communication terminal by using the antenna, quality information acquisition circuitry, which, in operation, acquires quality information indicating a communication quality of the wireless communication, movement information acquisition circuitry, which, in operation, acquires movement information indicating movement of a relative position of the communication terminal with respect to the antenna, and beam control circuitry, which, in operation, controls the beam pattern to be changed by the antenna on the basis of the acquired quality information and movement information.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment, a method of operating a base station configured to communicate with at least one user device includes transmitting a reference signal to the at least one user device, receiving channel quality information from the at least one user device, and forming a beam based on the channel quality information received from the at least one user device.