Abstract: A force sensor unit includes a force sensor, a casing housing the force sensor within a space surrounded by one end portion, another end portion, and a side portion, an attachment member having a first attachment portion that can be attached to a robot arm of a robot and a second attachment portion detachably attached to the one end portion of the casing in a position different from that of the first attachment portion, and a wiring cable connected to the force sensor and routed from inside the casing to outside of the casing, wherein a positioning portion for positioning with respect to the robot arm is provided in the first attachment portion, and a part of the wiring cable is provided along a circumferential direction of the side portion.

Abstract: In the present disclosure, embodiments including a system, device and methods are disclosed for accurately measuring the strain or extension of a fastener that occurs as the nut on the fastener is tightened and the fastener is put under load. The measurement technique is based on measurement of the time for an ultrasonic wave generated on one end of the fastener to travel a round trip through the fastener. As the fastener is tightened, the applied stress causes an associated increase in length. This length can be determined from a measurement of the increase in transit time. In various embodiments, the disclosed device and method uses laser ultrasonic testing (LUT), in which a pulsed laser generates the ultrasonic wave and a type of laser vibrometer detects the wave when it returns to the position of generation following a combination of longitudinal wave reflections and a mode conversion to a shear wave.

Abstract: A semiconductor sensor assembly for use in a corrosive environment comprises a processing device comprising at least one first bondpad of a material which may be corroded by a corrosive component in a corrosive environment; a sensor device comprising at least one second bondpad consisting of and/or being covered by a first corrosion resistant material; at least one bonding wire for making a signal connection between the at least one first bondpad of the processing device and the second bondpad of the sensor device. The processing device is partially overmoulded by a second corrosion resistant material, and is partially exposed to a cavity in the corrosion resistant material, with the sensor device being present in the cavity. A redistribution layer is provided to enable signal connection between the processing device and the sensor device is physically made in the cavity while the second corrosion resistant material covers the first bondpad.

Abstract: A MEMS and/or NEMS pressure sensor including, in a substrate: a stationary portion and a portion movable relative to the stationary portion, the movable portion including a sensitive element configured to move in the plane of the sensor under effect of a pressure variation; a stress gauge detecting movement of the sensitive element in the plane of the sensor due to the pressure variation; electrodes actuating the sensitive element, the actuating electrodes being borne partially by the stationary portion and partially by the movable portion, the actuating electrodes being commanded to automatically control positionwise the movement of the sensitive element; a mechanism commanding the actuating electrodes, which are configured, on the basis of signals emitted by the gauge, to bias the actuating electrodes to automatically control positionwise the movement of the sensitive element.

Abstract: A semiconductor sensing device generates an output based on a sensor. A connection point of an output circuit constituted by first and second switching output elements connected so as to be complementary is connected to an output terminal. Between the first switching output element and the connection point of the output circuit, a first switching element is connected. Between the second switching output element and the connection point of the output circuit, a second switching element is connected. When voltage of the output terminal is a voltage lower than a lower limit clamp voltage, the first switching element turns OFF. When the voltage of the output terminal is a voltage higher than an upper limit clamp voltage, the second switching element turns OFF.

Abstract: Certain implementations of the disclosed technology may include systems, methods, and apparatus for a sealed transducer with an adjustment port. The sealed transducer may include one or more terminals. A first terminal may include electrical connections for connecting to an input voltage source, a ground, and for providing a transducer output signal. A second terminal, for example, may include an electrical port for connecting to an external and separately sealed adjustment network. In one example implementation, the adjustment network can include one or more components configured to couple with internal circuitry of the transducer to alter a response of the sensor.

Abstract: This disclosure provides example methods, devices, and systems for a sensor having thermal gradients. In one embodiment, a system may comprise a sensor assembly including a housing; a first header and a second header coupled to the housing; a first transducer coupled to the first header, wherein the first transducer is configured to measure a first pressure to generate a first pressure signal; a second transducer coupled to the second header, wherein the second transducer is configured to measure a second pressure to generate a second pressure signal; and wherein the first transducer and the second transducer are positioned in the housing such that a first temperature of the first transducer is about equivalent to a second temperature of the second transducer during operation of the sensor assembly.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to differential pressure transducers. The teachings thereof may be embodied in diaphragm-beam configurations for measuring small values of differential pressure and/or a bridge circuit for converting mechanical strains into an electric output signal. For example, a diaphragm-beam structure for measuring differential pressure may include: a frame; a paddle; a resilient beam member; a diaphragm; and a gap defined between the paddle and the frame. The diaphragm flexes under pressure on one surface. The resilient beam member anchors the paddle to the frame. The second surface of the diaphragm is mounted to the first surface of the paddle and the frame to bridge the gap. The paddle moves due to flexure of the diaphragm. The resilient beam member bends due to movement of the paddle. The thickness of the diaphragm is less than 50 micrometers.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and system are provided which permit the monitoring of a dunnage bag used as a cushion in the transportation of cargo items which may be typically found in as shipping container. A gas pressure sensor may be attached directly to the dunnage bag and the pressure can be monitored remotely. The gas pressure sensor can also be enclosed within a sealed and pressurized enclosure whereby the gas sensor reading can serve as indication of pressure of a nearby dunnage bag within which the enclosure is in contact. The dunnage bag pressure readings can be wirelessly monitored from a remote location and the bag pressure may be controlled remotely.

Abstract: A pressure sensor for determining a pressure of a medium is configured to be screwed into a hydraulic control block, and includes a sleeve-shaped connector stub and sensor element. The stub has a plurality of axial sections, and an axial through bore configured to receive the medium. The axial sections include a threaded section, flange section, carrier section, and tapered portion. The flange section has an annular face facing the threaded section and configured to bear against a surface of the control block. The carrier section includes an inner opening that opens into the bore. The sensor element is positioned on the opening to sealingly close the opening, and is configured to measure the pressure of the medium. The tapered portion defines a reduction in a radial external diameter of the stub between the flange section and the carrier section.

Abstract: A test bench for screwdrivers comprises a hydraulic brake unit (11) provided with a coupling (12) for a screwdriver to be tested and angle and torque measurement transducers (15). The brake unit (11) is supplied by a proportional electrovalve (16) under the control of a PID controller (19) which receives an electrovalve control signal (22) from a control unit (26) so as to follow braking curves depending on the angle of rotation and/or torque measured. The bench comprises a memory (21) for storing different sets of parameters for the PID controller (19), which can be selected by the control unit (26) so as to have different control characteristics. A method for controlling the bench is also described.

Abstract: Example implementations relate to a rope leak sensor holder segment. For example, in an implementation, a rope leak sensor holder segment includes an elongated track and a channel to accept a rope leak sensor. The rope leak sensor holder segment includes a retainer to secure the rope leak sensor within the channel.

Abstract: A method is described to detect a fluid leakage in a joint area between two pipe sections (10, 12) that are joined together to provide a continuous fluid-carrying pipeline, where a casing-formed joint element (20) with an inwardly protruding flange part (28) is inserted between the pipe sections (10, 12), the ends of which lie against sealing elements (27a, 27b) at the oppositely directed flange surfaces, and a coupling body (60, 62) on each side of the joint element (20) forms an engagement with respective pipe circumference surfaces (17, 19) and is made to squeeze the pipe ends against each other via the joint element (20).

Abstract: According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a mobile bridge apparatus, comprising: one or more mobile bridge modules; and a plurality of sensors for sensing a deformation of the one or more mobile bridge modules.

Abstract: A system and method for measuring dynamic properties of a structure, and for using the measured dynamic properties to assess the dynamic performance of the structure. The system and method measures dynamic properties of the structure such as frequencies of resonance, mode shapes, and non-linear damping, and uses them in an analysis of the structure to compare the dynamic response of the structure with the anticipated properties of a structure built according to applicable building code requirements. The system and method thus quantifies a risk of failure of the structure by determining a risk ratio that compares an as-is condition of the structure with an as-designed condition of the structure.

Abstract: A testing device for providing realistic response and sensor-driven data for determining the effects of physical loads on the testing devise and the effectiveness of personal protective equipment is disclosed. The testing device includes a body simulating a portion of the human body, and one or more sensors. In some embodiments, the body includes two or more body portions joined to one another. In some embodiments, the body portions may articulate with respect to one another. In some embodiments, the testing device includes an internal frame.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a circuit for determining failure of a movable MEMS mirror. The circuit includes an integrator receiving an opening angle signal representing an opening angle of the movable MEMS mirror, and a differentiator receiving the opening angle signal. A summing circuit is configured to sum the integrator output and the differentiator output. A comparison circuit is configured to determine whether the sum of the integrator output and differentiator output is not within a threshold window. An indicator circuit is configured to generate an indicator signal indicating that the movable MEMS mirror has failed based on the comparison circuit indicating that the sum of the integrator output and differentiator output is not within the threshold window.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include a semiconductor wafer, and a reference circuit carried by the semiconductor wafer. The reference circuit may include optical DUTs, a first set of photodetectors coupled to outputs of the optical DUTs, an optical splitter coupled to inputs of the optical DUTs, and a second set of photodetectors coupled to the optical splitter. The optical splitter is to be coupled to an optical source and configured to transmit a reference optical signal to the first set of photodetectors via the optical DUTs and the second set of photodetectors.

Abstract: The present embodiment relates to a method of directly measuring a leakage loss from a peripheral core in a MCF with a coating to the coating. In the measurement method, in a high refractive-index state in which the coating is present on an outer periphery of a common cladding, first transmission power of measurement light, which propagates through the peripheral core of the MCF, is measured. On the other hand, in a low refractive-index state in which a low-refractive-index layer with a lower refractive index than the common cladding is provided on the outer periphery of the common cladding, second transmission power of the measurement light, which propagates through the peripheral core of the MCF, is measured. The leakage loss LL from the peripheral core to the coating is calculated as a difference between the first transmission power and the second transmission power.

Abstract: At least some embodiments of disclosure provide a method and device for optical fiber monitoring and an optical fiber adapter. The method includes: a device for monitoring the optical fiber for performing optical fiber monitoring is installed in an optical fiber adapter and the optical fiber monitoring is performed by using the optical fiber adapter with the device for monitoring the optical fiber. The problem that the device for monitoring the optical fiber has complex wiring and a deployment position is limited is solved. And effects that the wiring complexity of the device for monitoring the optical fiber is reduced, and the deployment position is flexible and convenient are achieved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining the engine torque delivered by a multi-cylinder engine, including the following steps: determining the angular velocity of the crankshaft and measuring the cylinder pressure over an angular window of combustion in a first cylinder fitted with a cylinder pressure sensor; calculating the value of the engine torque (TQIref) in this window; determining a current transfer function for the learning of the torque, so as to estimate the torque TQImdl(cyl)) in a second cylinder not fitted with a cylinder pressure sensor, from the product of: the engine torque calculated over the angular window of the first cylinder, a ratio between: the angular velocity of the crankshaft over an angular window of combustion of the second cylinder, and the angular velocity of the crankshaft over the window of combustion of the first cylinder.

Abstract: A fixture assembly includes a primary gage member, camshaft gages, a crankshaft gage and an engine gage, all of which have planar datum surfaces that are each dimensionally located relative to the primary gage member planar datum surface. The engine gage includes an engine datum surface, and is sized and shaped to receive, support and dimensionally locate the engine. An engine block datum surface is configured to be positioned on the engine datum surface thereby locating the engine relative to the primary gage member datum surface. The primary, first, second and engine datum surfaces are fixed in a parallel relationship to each other so as to form a parallel alignment system such that when the fixture assembly datum surfaces engage and form parallel alignment with the corresponding engine datum surfaces, the camshafts and crankshaft are angularly located in a predetermined angular orientation for proper timing of the engine assembly.

Abstract: A method is provided for detecting a reciprocal position between a cylinder and a piston of a piston-cylinder unit of a vehicle. The method includes measuring, by means of an optical sensor, a value of an indicative parameter of a color of a reference mark positioned on a portion of the piston. The method also includes comparing the measured value with at least a predetermined threshold value thereof different to a minimum detected threshold of the indicative parameter by the optical sensor; and emitting an alarm signal perceptible by a driver of a vehicle if the measured value is comprised between the threshold value and the minimum value.

Abstract: An optical sensor for sensing combustion products avoids fouling and damage to optical components by using a “windowless” design in which an air curtain through an orifice provides a constantly refreshing transparent shield protecting the optical components from corrosive combustion gases and resisting the accumulation of particulates that might otherwise foul a static window.

Abstract: A monitoring method, the purpose of which is, when a loss of power is detected in an aircraft engine, to generate an alarm in the form of a single message displayed on a display screen in the cockpit, in order to indicate if the level of damage suffered by the engine is critical or not. The steps implemented are based on alarm signals transmitted by a central processing unit of the engine and also on alarm signals transmitted by a diagnostic device for the onboard systems of the aircraft, in order to take account of both the situation of the engine and also the situation of the systems surrounding the engine which can be affected by damage to an engine.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for assessing tire health through monitoring an effective tire rolling radius are disclosed. An example method includes obtaining velocity data for a vehicle from a global positioning system, obtaining angular speed data for a wheel of the vehicle, processing the velocity data and the angular speed data using a digital filter, and determining an effective rolling radius of a tire coupled to the wheel based on the processed velocity data and angular speed data.

Abstract: A tire uniformity testing machine that includes a base, a pair of vertical spaced apart columns supporting an upper cross frame member. The base carries a load wheel carriage movable towards and away from a testing station. The vertical uprights establish a peripheral footprint plane that does not extend beyond a plane that is tangent to an outer rolling surface of the load wheel when it is redirected. The upper frame member includes clearance spaces and cutouts that enable at least a portion of an upper chuck to move into the upper frame member and a super structure mounted to a top of the cross member that mounts at least a portion of an actuator for translating the upper chuck. The configuration establishes a machine height that enables the machine to be loaded into a standard shipping container and reduces the overall footprint of the tire uniformity machine without compromising its ability to precisely sense tire uniformity parameters.

Abstract: A railway vehicle condition monitoring apparatus includes a detection device for detecting vehicle information represented by a wheel load or the like of a wheel included in a railway vehicle running on a railroad track, and a determination device including a classifier to which the vehicle information detected by the detection device is input and which outputs a vehicle condition such as the presence or absence of an abnormality of the railway vehicle. The classifier is generated by means of machine learning that uses training data of a railway vehicle of which the vehicle condition is known, the training data being the vehicle information and the vehicle condition which is known, the machine learning being performed so that when the vehicle information of the training data is input to the classifier, the classifier outputs the vehicle condition of the training data.

Abstract: A diagnostic device for determining an out-of-roundness on wheels of rail vehicles within a specified measuring section, comprising a plurality of force sensors, which are designed to determine forces acting on them and are connected to an evaluating device, wherein the evaluating device is provided for determining the out-of-roundness by integrating a force signal F, which is forwarded by the force sensors over time in order to determine an impulse. A method is also provided for determining an out-of-roundness on wheels of rail vehicles within a specified measurement section, wherein the force signals of at least one force sensor are fed to an evaluating device, the evaluating device detects an impulse, and the evaluating device integrates a force signal over a defined time interval and thereafter uses said force signal to output a result.

Abstract: An automatic slicing and collecting device, the device including: a first tank, a vibrating microtome, a first pipeline, and a second pipeline. The first tank is filled with a buffer solution. The vibrating microtome is disposed in the first tank. One end of the first pipeline is connected to the vibrating microtome to collect sections, and the other end of the first pipeline is connected to a pump. The pump includes a reversible motor. The first pipeline is provided with a first valve, and a filter is disposed between the pump and the first pipeline. One end of the second pipeline is disposed between the first valve of the first pipeline and the pump, and the second pipeline is provided with a second valve.

Abstract: A flow-through sampling apparatus for sampling a bulk solid mixture includes a main body forming an opening. A screen is located in the opening and forms a plurality of sample zones within the main body. The apparatus further includes a first slide door that is movable above the screen so as to close one side of the opening. Further, the apparatus includes a second slide door that is movable below the screen so as to close the other side of the opening.

Abstract: First and second racks each has fixed positions to hold sample tubes. First and second drawers slide into and out of the case, and that support the first and second racks, respectively. A tube set unit is provided in an area close to the first rack in the case. A tube transfer unit removes sample tubes from the first and second racks in the case and a controller that controls a transfer operation of the tube transfer unit. The first rack is supported by the first drawer such that the first rack leaves a transit location in the case behind the first drawer in the direction of the first drawer movement into the case. The controller controls the tube transfer unit to remove at least one sample tube from the second rack and transfers the tube to the tube set unit via a path traversing the transit location.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure include an acoustic separator for acoustically separating components of a sample, such as a biological sample. Acoustic separators according to certain embodiments include an acoustic field generator soldered to a flow channel having a fluid flow path where the acoustic field generator produces an acoustic field in the fluid flow path. Methods of soldering an acoustic field generator to a flow channel having a fluid flow path are also described. Methods for acoustically separating components of a sample as well as systems and kits, including one or more acoustic separators, suitable for practicing the subject methods are also provided.

Abstract: A nano material testing apparatus includes a main frame; a testing unit including an actuator and a load cell connected to the actuator; a jig unit configured to be connected to the testing unit and including an upper jig that clamps one side of an upper portion of the nano material specimen and a lower jig that is located below the upper jig and clamps one side of a lower portion of the nano material specimen; a stage unit configured to be connected to the lower jig; a first alignment unit configured to be located to be spaced apart from a front surface of the nano material specimen; a second alignment unit configured to be located to be spaced apart from side surfaces of the nano material specimen; and a controller.

Abstract: Embodiments of a system and a method for measuring cementitious board during its continuous manufacture can be used online in a continuous manufacturing process to effectively determine the degree to which cementitious slurry has set (e.g., expressed as percent hydration) at a predetermined location, such as, near a cutting station, for example. A compression assembly can be used to compressively engage the cementitious board in a controlled manner as it passes by the compression member along the conveyor between the forming station and the cutting station. A force gauge can be associated with the compression member to measure the resistance force exerted by the cementitious board in response to being compressed by the compression member. The resistance force can be correlated to a set characteristic of the cementitious board, such as a numerical value of percent hydration of the cementitious slurry of that particular portion of the cementitious board.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for conducting a pressure test on an apparatus. The method may include selecting a maximum test pressure for the pressure test, providing a first volume of liquid in the enclosed space and estimating a volume of gas in the enclosed space. The method may further include calculating a volume of additional liquid necessary to bring the enclosed space to the maximum test pressure, providing the volume of additional liquid in the enclosed space, and observing pressure of the enclosed space.

Abstract: In one implementation, a footfall detection assembly comprising a sensor underlayment unit and a data analysis device is provided. The sensor underlayment unit comprises a sensor having a unique sensor identifier and a plurality of zones, wherein the sensor is configured to measure at least one parameter in each of the plurality of zones, and a processing unit operably connected to the sensor. The processing unit is configured to receive the measured parameter values from the sensor upon the occurrence of a change in measured parameters and generate and transmit a data packet comprising at least the unique sensor identifier and measured parameters upon occurrence of a change in measured parameters of at least one of the plurality of zones of the sensor. The data analysis device is configured to receive the data packet, compare the measured parameter values of the data packet to previously-measured parameter values associated with the sensor underlayment into and generate a result therefrom.

Abstract: The subject matter described herein includes methods, systems, and computer program products for measuring the density of a material. According to one aspect, a material property gauge includes a nuclear density gauge for measuring the density of a material. A radiation source adapted to emit radiation into a material and a radiation detector operable to produce a signal representing the detected radiation. A first material property calculation function may calculate a value associated with the density of the material based upon the signal produced by the radiation detector. The material property gauge includes an electromagnetic moisture property gauge that determines a moisture property of the material. An electromagnetic field generator may generate an electromagnetic field where the electromagnetic field sweeps through one or more frequencies and penetrates into the material.

Abstract: A resin flow analysis method includes dividing a mold space model into small elements, acquiring a penetration coefficient, acquiring a flow conductance, and performing flow analysis of a resin in each of the small elements in the mold space model based on a first relational expression of the small elements of a base material portion relating to the penetration coefficient and a second relational expression of the small elements of a space portion relating to the flow conductance.

Abstract: An apparatus for assessment of a fluid system includes a scaffold housing with a plurality of internal cavities; a debris monitor module assembly to be selectively inserted into a first cavity of the plurality of internal cavities, the debris monitor module assembly to determine wear debris information in a lubricant; a lubricant condition monitor module assembly to be selectively inserted into a second cavity of the plurality of internal cavities, the lubricant condition monitor module assembly to determine lubricant condition information in the lubricant; and a processing module assembly that is configured to be selectively inserted into a third cavity of the plurality of internal cavities, the processing module assembly to provide communication to an external interface of at least one of the wear debris information and the lubricant condition information.

Abstract: A sensor for detecting electrically conductive and/or polarizable particles, in particular for detecting soot particles, includes a substrate and at least two electrode layers, a first electrode layer and at least one second electrode layer. Which is arranged between the substrate and the first electrode layer. At least one insulation layer is formed between the first electrode layer and the at least one second electrode layer and at least one opening is formed in both the first electrode layer and the at least one insulation layer. At least some sections of the opening in the first electrode layer and of the opening in the insulation layer are arranged one above the other, such that at least one passage is formed to the second electrode layer.

Abstract: A system and method for estimating porosity distribution in a region of interest of a geologic formation from a resistivity image log representative of the geologic formation is disclosed. A normalization factor representative of a rock matrix based on a first resistivity value and an image point factor based on a second resistivity value are calculated and compared to identify points in the resistivity image log that correspond to the secondary porosity. The normalization factor and image point factor are recalculated based on a different first resistivity value and a different second resistivity value as necessary to identify additional points in the resistivity image log that correspond to the secondary porosity until a termination criterion is met. The method may further include a porosity calibration operation and one or more artifact corrections.

Abstract: Provided is a light scattering cell classification technology which can classify cells into various types and at the same time classify cells with very high accuracy despite the rotation of the cells. A cell analysis apparatus using a plurality of lasers, according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprises: a plurality of laser generators which are installed around a movement path through which cells to be classified are moved, and which irradiate laser beams at one measurement point on the movement path at different angles; a plurality of photodetectors, installed around the one measurement point, which collect a second laser beam, which is a laser beam generated as the laser beams irradiated from the laser generators are incident on the cells and then scattered; and a cell analysis unit which classifies the cells to be classified according to the second laser beam collected by the photodetectors.

Abstract: A system for analyzing a transparent particle including: an analysis pathway, including a first light source emitting an analysis light beam, and a first optical system focusing the analysis light beam in a focusing plane; and a position control pathway including a second light source, an image sensor, and a second optical system at least partially merged with the first optical system. The image sensor is offset relative to the image of the focusing plane by the second optical system. The system makes it possible to control correct positioning of the particle, even though it is transparent, and without disturbing the analysis pathway.

Abstract: A apparatus for detecting cells or particles in a fluid container includes a dispenser configured to dispense at least one cell or at least one particle into a defined sub-volume of a fluid with which the fluid container is at least partially filled, and a detection apparatus configured to, in a time-coordinated manner with dispensing the at least one cell or the at least one particle by the dispenser, perform a detection in the defined sub-volume and/or in one or several sub-volumes underneath the defined sub-volume in order to sense the at least one cell or the at least one particle when entering the fluid or immediately after entering the fluid.

Abstract: Methods of detecting, quantifying and/or characterizing the fouling of a device from a combination of pressure and spectroscopic data are provided. The device can be any device containing components susceptible to fouling. Components can include membranes, pipes, or reactors. Suitable devices include membrane devices, heat exchangers, and chemical or bio-reactors. Membrane devices can include, for example, microfiltration devices, ultrafiltration devices, nanofiltration devices, reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, osmosis, reverse electrodialysis, electro-deionisation or membrane distillation devices. The methods can be applied to any type of membrane, including tubular, spiral, hollow fiber, flat sheet, and capillary membranes. The spectroscopic characterization can include measuring one or more of the absorption, fluorescence, or raman spectroscopic data of one or more foulants. The methods can allow for the early detection and/or characterization of fouling.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems, devices, and methods for point-of-care and/or distributed testing services. The methods and devices of the invention are directed toward automatic detection of analytes in a bodily fluid. The components of the device can be modified to allow for more flexible and robust use with the disclosed methods for a variety of medical, laboratory, and other applications. The systems, devices, and methods of the present invention can allow for effective use of samples by improved sample preparation and analysis.

Abstract: In an embodiment, an optical system comprises an optical cell having an interior fluid chamber defined by an interior surface of a housing, a process inlet disposed in the housing and in fluid communication with the interior fluid chamber, and a process outlet disposed in the housing and in fluid communication with the interior fluid chamber, wherein the process inlet and process outlet facilitate the flow of a fluid through the interior fluid chamber. A sampling outlet can be disposed in the housing and in fluid communication with the interior fluid chamber. A first bi-directional pump can be in fluid communication with the sampling outlet and a first storage vessel and can be configured to withdraw a first sample of the fluid via the sampling outlet and to cause the first sample to flow into the first storage vessel.

Abstract: A sample cell apparatus for use in spectroscopic determination of an analyte in a body fluid sample includes a first plate member and a second plate member made from an optically clear material. A channel extending into a surface of the first plate member and an opposing surface of the second plate member houses a floating seal, which surrounds a fluid sample chamber. The fluid chamber is closed to define a repeatable optical path-length therethrough by urging the first plate member against the second plate member without compressing the floating seal between the first plate member and the second plate member. The seal channel is vented to prevent fluid pressure from flexing the first plate member or the second plate member. An actuator having an extended foot portion extends over the fluid chamber to help prevent flexing of the first plate member or the second plate member.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a benzene sensor comprises a substrate having an iodine complex disposed thereon, a radiation source configured to project UV radiation onto the complex, and a UV detector configured to detect a UV reflection off of the substrate having the iodine complex. The iodine complex can include a cyclodextrine-iodine complex such as an alpha-cyclodextrine-iodine complex, a ?-cyclodextrine iodine complex, or any combination thereof.