Abstract: A mechanism is described for facilitating smart capturing of whiteboard contents according to one embodiment. A method of embodiments, as described herein, includes capturing, by one or more cameras of a computing device, one or more images of one or more boards, and identifying a target board of the one or more boards using one or more indicators associated with the target board, where identifying the target board includes extracting a region encompassing the target board. The method may further include estimating scene geometry based on the region, and generating a rectified image of the target board based on the scene geometry.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are described for a non-uniform rasterizer. For example, one embodiment of an apparatus comprises: a graphics processor to process graphics data and render images using the graphics data; and a non-uniform rasterizer within the graphics processor to determine different resolutions to be used for different regions of an image, the non-uniform rasterizer to receive a plurality of polygons to be rasterized and to responsively rasterize the polygons in accordance with the different resolutions.

Abstract: An image deformation method and an image deformation device are provided. The method includes: acquiring an original image, and acquiring a target shape; deforming the original image into a target image based on a ratio of deformation at a center of the original image to deformation at an edge of the original image, wherein the further the edge of the target image is away from the center of the target image, the greater a deforming degree of the edge of the target image is, and a shape of the target image is the target shape; and displaying the target image.

Abstract: This disclosure describes an apparatus and techniques for rotating image data. The rotation techniques may include fetching a strip of a block of image data from an external memory, writing the strip into a strip buffer in a first scan direction, reading a micro-block of pixels of the strip in the strip buffer in the first scan direction and writing the micro-block into a rotation buffer in the first scan direction, and rotating the micro-block of pixels by reading the micro-block of pixels in the rotation buffer in a second scan direction, the second scan direction different from the first scan direction, and writing the micro-block of pixels into a rotation memory in the second scan direction.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for reducing an amount of fixed pattern noise from sequential frames captured by IR imaging sensor(s) that contain known continuous motion component(s). Improved scene based non-uniformity correction techniques are employed for recursively updated set of pixel correction terms for each frame, in order to generate corrected frames. The set of pixel correction terms may be recursively updated through a multi-step process making use of the known continuous motion component, which may comprise a dithered signal.

Abstract: A radiographic image capturing system includes the following. A capturing stand includes a holder to hold radiographic image capturing devices. A radiation irradiator irradiates the radiographic image capturing devices loaded in the holder at once. An image processor generates a plurality of images based on image data acquired by the radiographic image capturing devices. The image processor removes a streaky component residing in the generated image to correct the image. Such process includes forming a smoothed image by smoothing with a low-pass filter, and subtracting an interpolation image to extract a streaky image from the smoothing image and adding the streaky image to remove the streaky component. The smoothing includes reflecting smoothing on pixels showing a subject structure using a low-pass filter with a size larger in the horizontal direction compared to pixels other than pixels showing the subject structure.

Abstract: Enhanced vectorization of raster images is described. An image vectorization module converts a raster image with bitmapped data to a vector image with vector elements based on mathematical formulas. In some embodiments, spatially-localized control of a vectorization operation is provided to a user. First, the user can adjust an intensity of a denoising operation differently at different areas of the raster image. Second, the user can adjust an automated segmentation by causing one segment to be split into two segments along a zone marked with an indicator tool, such as a brush. Third, the user can adjust an automated segmentation by causing two segments to be merged into a combined segment. The computation of the vector elements is based on the adjusted segmentation. In other embodiments, semantic information gleaned from the raster image is incorporated into the vector image to facilitate manipulation, such as joint selection of multiple vector elements.

Abstract: Techniques related to video processing with adaptive sharpness enhancement are discussed. Such techniques may include determining a detail versus noise score for a video frame based on a noise level, a motion level, an average luma value, and spatial frequency information of the video frame and enhancing sharpness of the video frame based on sharpness enhancement control parameters generated based on the detail versus noise score for the video frame.

Abstract: A computing device is provided, which includes an input device, a display device, and a processor configured to, at a rendering stage of a rendering pipeline, render visual scene data to a frame buffer, and generate a signed distance field of edges of vector graphic data, and, at a reprojection stage of the rendering pipeline prior to displaying the rendered visual scene, receive post rendering user input via the input device that updates the user perspective, reproject the rendered visual scene data in the frame buffer based on the updated user perspective, reproject data of the signed distance field based on an updated user perspective, evaluate the signed distance field to generate reprojected vector graphic data, and generate a composite image including the reprojected rendered visual scene data and the reprojected graphic data, and display the composite image on the display device.

Abstract: Contrast adjustment of a digital image can include using at least two signal processing paths to adjust a display-formatted pixel value to enhance the appearance of edges in displayed image data. A digital image can be filtered by producing an edge enhancement factor, ?, per pixel from at least one look up table (LUT). Digital image data can also be adjusted using at least two signal processing paths, where the image data is adjusted if a pixel value and its neighboring pixel values are all within a smoothing range or where the pixel delta value is outside of a bad pixel range and its neighboring pixel delta values are all within the bad pixel range. In such cases, the image data can be adjusted by replacing the pixel value with an average or median value of the neighboring pixels.

Abstract: The method provided in the present disclosure includes: obtaining an image photographed by a camera, and performing face detection on the image by using a face detection algorithm, to obtain a face pixel set from the image; positioning a facial feature contour mask over the face pixel set, to obtain a to-be-examined pixel set from the face pixel set, the to-be-examined pixel set including: a plurality of pixels within an image area except pixels masked by the facial feature contour mask in the face pixel set; performing edge contour detection on the to-be-examined pixel set, and extracting one or more blemish regions from the to-be-examined pixel set, to obtain a to-be-retouched pixel set, the to-be-retouched pixel set including: a plurality of pixels within an image area belonging to the blemish regions; and retouching all pixels in the to-be-retouched pixel set, to obtain a retouched pixel set.

Abstract: The current document is directed to methods and systems that straighten curvature in the text lines of text-containing digital images, including text-containing digital images generated from the two pages of an open book. Initial processing of a text-containing image identifies the outline of a text-containing page. Next, contours are generated to represent each text line. The midpoints and inclination angles of the links or vectors that comprise the contour lines are determined. A model is constructed for the perspective-induced curvature within the text image. In one implementation, the model, essentially an inclination-angle map, allows for assigning local displacements to pixels within the page image which are then used to straighten the text lines in the text image. In another implementation, the model is essentially a pixel-displacement map which is used to straighten the text lines in the text image.

Abstract: The present invention provides a technology that separates a low-contrast-ratio image into sublayer images, classifies each sublayer image into several categories in accordance with the characteristics of each sublayer image, and learns a transformation matrix representing a relationship between the low-contrast-ratio image and a high-contrast-ratio image for each category. In addition, the present invention provides a technology that separates an input low-contrast-ratio image into sublayer images, selects a category corresponding to each sublayer image, and applies a learned transformation matrix to generate a high.

Abstract: An intelligent filter matching method and a terminal, where the method includes collecting at least one first filter factor in a first photographing scenario in which a terminal is located, selecting, according to a preset mapping relationship between a filter and a filter factor, a first filter that matches the first filter factor, determining, according to all determined first filters in the first photographing scenario, a target filter that has a highest matching degree with the first photographing scenario, and presenting the target filter to a user. The method thereby enhances intelligent performance of human-machine interaction.

Abstract: Systems and methods may apply global contrast correction to a plurality of thermal images. For example, a vehicle may capture a plurality of aerial thermal images for use in generating a composite image. Each individual thermal image may be individually contrasted based on the temperature range of pixels in that image, so the contrast range of the thermal images may vary. The plurality of thermal images may be analyzed to determine a global contrast range. Extreme temperatures may be excluded from the global contrast range. Based on the global contrast range, a contrast level of each of the plurality of thermal images may be adjusted. For example, the individual temperature range of each thermal image may be scaled to a global temperature range. A composite image having consistent contrasting may be generated from the plurality of thermal images.

Abstract: A method of inspecting patterns to-be-inspected having regular intervals, the same widths and heights by using an image of the patterns to-be-inspected is disclosed. The method includes the steps of: obtaining centroids, widths and heights of the patterns to-be-inspected from an image of the patterns to-be-inspected; obtaining regular intervals, a mean of widths and a mean of heights of the patterns to-be-inspected, as information of design data, from the centroids, the widths and the heights; and inspecting the patterns to-be-inspected by using the information of the design data and edges of the image of the patterns to-be-inspected.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting the cracks in illuminated electronic device screens are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method includes receiving an image of an electronic device screen and retrieving a plurality of kernels, each having values corresponding to a line region and a non-line region, with the orientation of the line region and the non-line region differing for each kernel. At least some of the kernels are applied to the image to obtain, at various locations of the image, values corresponding to the line regions and the non-line regions. Based on the values corresponding to the line regions and the non-line regions, cracks are automatically identified in the electronic device screen.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus comprises: a generating unit which generates, based on model information including a feature of an object, a model feature indicating the feature of the object to be acquired by observing the object respectively from a plurality of candidate viewpoints; an acquiring unit which acquires an image feature indicating features of images acquired by photographing the object respectively from the plurality of candidate viewpoints; an evaluating unit which evaluates each of the plurality of candidate viewpoints, based on a correspondence relation between the model feature and the image feature; and a selecting unit which selects, from the plurality of candidate viewpoints, one or more measurement viewpoints from which the object should be measured, on the basis of evaluation by the evaluating unit for each of the plurality of candidate viewpoints.

Abstract: There is provided a computerized method and system of controlling a quality measure in a compression quality evaluation system, the method comprising: calculating a value indicative of a characteristic of an input image; and configuring the quality measure upon a criterion being met by the value, the quality measure being indicative of perceptual quality of a compressed image compressed from the input image. The value can be a smoothness value indicative of an extent of smoothness of an input image, and the configuration of the quality measure can be performed upon a smoothness criterion being met by the smoothness value. Alternatively, the value can be a gradient value indicative of an extent of gradual spatial changes of an input image, and the configuration of the quality measure can be performed upon a gradient criterion being met by the gradient value.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a machine condition monitoring system using three-dimensional thermography, which may automatically alert an operation when detecting any anomalies in three-dimensional thermal imaging of a machine. The machine condition monitoring system is for monitoring conditions of a machine and recording three-dimensional thermal imaging of the machine, comprising: a pan-tilt-zoom thermal imaging camera, at least one infrared reflective convex mirror, and a computer server.

Abstract: A life determination device comprises: an image acquiring unit that acquires an image showing a result of machining by cutting on a target of the machining by cutting; a feature quantity acquiring unit that acquires a feature quantity indicating the quality of the result of the machining by cutting from the image acquired by the image acquiring unit; and a life determining unit that determines the life of a cutting tool having been used for the machining by cutting on the target based on the feature quantity acquired by the feature quantity acquiring unit.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of separating, identifying and characterizing cracks in 3D space, which processes as follows to a volumetric image, so as to perform the separation, identification and the characterization of the cracks in the 3D space: 1) preprocessing digital image; 2) statistically analyzing basic information of the digital image: the basic information of the image includes porosity, connectivity of each pore, statistics of pore size, and position, size, orientation and anisotropy of each pore-structure; 3) filtration: removing non-crack structure in the image; 4) smoothening: smoothening and mending the image; 5) thinning: thinning the void structure into a thickness d (d can be any value, but more appropriate to be 2 to 3 voxels generally) in a direction with shortest extension in the 3D space; 6) separation: separating intersected cracks in a crack network by breaking the connections; 7) combination: combining those elongated cracks that are disconnected in the last step, merging

Abstract: A method for annotating a tissue slide image, a system and a method performed by a computing system for detecting pathological anomalies in a digital pathology image are disclosed. The method performed by a computing system for detecting pathological anomalies in a digital pathology image includes providing a digital pathology image to the computing system and analyzing the digital pathology image using an identification module arranged on the computing system. The identification module uses a machine learning module to execute recognizing an object containing an abnormal image pattern using an identification model loaded in said identification module and identifying whether the abnormal image pattern corresponds to a pathological anomaly using the identification model.

Abstract: A medical image processing apparatus includes a retriever, a determiner and a calculator. The retriever retrieves a medical image of a bone and a soft tissue of a subject. The determiner determines a position of at least one of an end of the bone and an end of the soft tissue based on the medical image retrieved by the retriever. The calculator calculates a feature value relevant to a condition of the soft tissue based on the position of at least one of the end of the bone and the end of the soft tissue determined by the determiner.

Abstract: A medical imaging diagnosis apparatus includes a memory and processing circuitry. The memory stores display settings corresponding to multiple body parts of a subject. The processing circuitry accepts a setting of a display target of the body part based on an input operation. The processing circuitry detects the body part of the subject based on volume data of the subject. The processing circuitry generates a display image of the display target by applying the display setting which corresponds to the body part to the volume data, by reading out from the memory. The processing circuitry displays the display image data on a monitor.

Abstract: A method for registering image data sets of a target region of a patient includes selecting a first anatomical structure only or at least partially only visible in the first image data set, and a second anatomical structure only or at least partially only visible in the second image data set, such that there is a known geometrical relationship between extended segments of the anatomical structures; automatically determining a first geometry information describing the geometry of at least a part of the first anatomical structure and a second geometry information describing the geometry of at least a part of the second anatomical structure, neither information being sufficient to enable registration of the image data sets on its own; automatically optimizing transformation parameters describing a rigid transformation of one of the anatomical structures with respect to the other and geometrical correspondences; and determining registration information from the optimized transformation parameters.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for vascular disease detection and characterization using a recurrent neural network (RNN) is disclosed. A plurality of 2D cross-section image patches are extracted from a 3D computed tomography angiography (CTA) image, each extracted at a respective sampling point along a vessel centerline of a vessel of interest in the 3D CTA image. Vascular abnormalities in the vessel of interest are detected and characterized by classifying each of the sampling points along the vessel centerline based on the plurality of 2D cross-section image patches using a trained RNN.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for identifying image acquisition parameters. One method includes receiving a patient data set including one or more reconstructions, one or more preliminary scans or patient information, and one or more acquisition parameters; computing one or more patient characteristics based on one or both of one or more preliminary scans and the patient information; computing one or more image characteristics associated with the one or more reconstructions; grouping the patient data set with one or more other patient data sets using the one or more patient characteristics; and identifying one or more image acquisition parameters suitable for the patient data set using the one or more image characteristics, the grouping of the patient data set with one or more other patient data sets, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: An image generation method is described, comprising obtaining a plurality of 2D images through an object to be imaged, obtaining a 3D image data set of the object to be imaged, and registering the 2D images with the 3D image data set. The method then further includes defining an image reconstruction plane internal to the object, being the plane of an image to be reconstructed from the plurality of 2D images. Then, for a pixel in the image reconstruction plane, corresponding pixel values from the plurality of 2D images are mapped thereto, and the mapped pixel values are combined into a single value to give a value for the pixel in the image reconstruction plane. Another aspect of the method provides for chatter removed from the image. In a medical imaging context this can provide for “de-boned” images, allowing soft tissue to be more clearly seen.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems, devices, and methods for marking a main carina and a trachea of a patient, an exemplary method comprising importing slice images of a chest of the patient, generating a three-dimensional (3D) model based on the imported slice images, displaying the 3D model in a graphical user interface (GUI), locating the main carina by viewing 2D images of the 3D model in an axial orientation, marking the main carina in one of the 2D images of the 3D model, adjusting a view plane of the 3D model around a rotation axis defined by the marked location of the main carina to adjust the view plane from an axial orientation to a coronal orientation while keeping the main carina in the view plane to thereby display the entire trachea on the GUI, and marking an upper end of the trachea in one of the 2D images of the 3D model.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for segmentation of objects, in videos comprising a sequence of color and depth image frames. A methodology implementing the techniques according to an embodiment includes receiving image frames, including an initial reference frame, and receiving a mask to outline a region in the reference frame that contains the object to be segmented. The method also includes calculating Gaussian mixture models associated with both the masked region and a background region external to the masked region. The method further includes segmenting the object from a current frame based on a modelling of the pixels within an active area of the current frame as a Markov Random Field of nodes for cost minimization. The costs are based in part on the Gaussian mixture models. The active area is based on the segmentation of a previous frame and on an estimation of optical flow between the previous frame and the current frame.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and media for pre-processing and post-processing in additive manufacturing are provided. A method includes receiving object geometry data. The method may further include generating a sectional snapshot and a bounding box. The method may also include performing a boundary tracing operation on the sectional snapshots. Further still, the method may include executing a contour mapping algorithm. The method may additionally include outputting slice contour points with respect to the object to be fabricated.

Abstract: There is provided an image processing apparatus. A line segment detecting unit detects line segments from an image. An obtainment unit obtains distance information indicating a distance in a depth direction of the image. A selecting unit selects a line segment for vanishing point detection from the line segments detected by the line segment detecting unit. A vanishing point detecting unit detects a vanishing point of the image on a basis of the line segment for vanishing point detection. For each line segment detected by the line segment detecting unit, the selecting unit selects the line segment in a case where the distance indicated by the distance information is in a monotonically changing trend along the line segment.

Abstract: In an evaluation information provision system, subject's motion data is stored in association with attributes. When an attribute is assigned, the evaluation information provision system selects feature data from a plurality of the subject's motion data associated with the assigned attribute. The evaluation information provision system calculates a score for the assigned attribute, for the user's motion, using a statistical distance between the selected feature data and the user's motion data. The calculated score is displayed, for example, as a screen.

Abstract: Systems and methods designed to detect a human being falling as opposed to an inanimate object. Generally, the systems and methods will utilize a depth camera, which will often image in the NIR spectrum to detect a falling object. The portion detected as a falling object will often be detected as separating from a point cloud indicative of one object in contact with another. Should such a separation be detected, the systems and methods will utilize a thermal sensor, often a camera imaging in the LWIR spectrum, to determine if the falling portion has a heat signature indicative of a human being.

Abstract: A cargo position tracking routine implemented in an electronic control unit of an automotive vehicle uses machine vision to monitor the position of cargo in a cargo area of an automotive vehicle and determine whether the cargo has shifted. Upon determining that the cargo has shifted, the cargo position tracking routine causes a driver of the vehicle to be alerted.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus, including circuitry configured to generate or receive a first image of a sequence of images including an object. The circuitry is configured to determine a length of time movement of the object is below a predetermined movement threshold. The circuitry is further configured to identify the object as a target object based on the determined length of time the movement of the object is below the predetermined movement threshold.

Abstract: A method of recognizing motion of an object may include periodically obtaining depth data of a first resolution and two-dimensional data of a second resolution with respect to a scene using an image capturing device, wherein the second resolution is higher than the first resolution; determining a motion tracking region by recognizing a target object in the scene based on the depth data, such that the motion tracking region corresponds to a portion of a frame and the portion includes the target object; periodically obtaining tracking region data of the second resolution corresponding to the motion tracking region; and/or analyzing the motion of the target object based on the tracking region data.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for gaze position prediction using neural networks. One of the systems includes a neural network comprising one or more neural network layers, wherein the neural network is configured to obtain a collection of input facial images of a user, wherein the collection of input facial images of the user comprises (i) a query image of the user, (ii) one or more calibration images of the user, and (iii) a respective calibration label that labels a known gaze position of the user for each of the one or more calibration images of the user; and process the received collection of input facial images of the user using the one or more neural network layers to generate a neural network output that characterizes a gaze position of the user in the query image.

Abstract: A method to integrate all observations, e.g., surveying data in the form of total station data, images, and point clouds) from a surveying instrument that functions as a total station, a camera(s), and a scanner. The method provides an overall adjustment to maximize the accuracy of the adjustment by using all three types of available surveying data, and the method may be labeled an overall adjustment or integrated network adjustment to provide accurate station or instrument position data for a geodatabase for a surveyed site. The overall adjustment method allows all three types of surveying data to influence the results of the adjustment, and this achieved by generating a small number of virtual observations from the image and scan data that are of a form that allows them to be combined with or considered concurrently with the real observations from the total station as part of a single network adjustment.

Abstract: A three-dimensional measurement device which is capable of superimposing and displaying, on a three-dimensional shape, distributions of deviations from a plurality of geometric elements is provided. There are included a deviation calculation unit for determining first deviations from the first geometric element with respect to the first point cloud, and determining second deviations from the second geometric element with respect to the second point cloud. The three-dimensional shape display unit superimposes and displays, on the three-dimensional shape, a distribution of the first deviations from the first geometric element and a distribution of the second deviations from the second geometric element.

Abstract: The techniques and device provided herein relate to receiving, via a processor, image data representative of a borehole of a well. The technique may include generating dequantized image data based on the image data, such that the dequantized image data filters one or more artifacts present in a Hough transformed version of the image data. One or more dip orientations (inclination and azimuth) associated with one or more formation dips present in the image data may be determined based on the dequantized image data. The technique may also include performing an a-contration validation algorithm for for the one or more formation dips to verify whether at least a formation dip having the or one of the possible dip orientation is present at a predetermined measured depth in the image data..

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of calibrating a camera, comprises the steps of: a. acquiring a video stream from said camera (CAM), and displaying it on a screen (DY); b. displaying on the screen, superimposed to the video stream, a representation of a target area (102); c. detecting a calibration pattern (100) in the video stream and periodically check whether it fits within the calibration area; d. when the calibration pattern is found to fit within the calibration area, extracting an image thereof from the video stream; said steps a. to d. being iterated a plurality of times using respective target areas corresponding to different positions of a physical support (101) carrying the calibration pattern; and then e. estimating intrinsic calibration parameters of the camera by processing said images. A computer program product, computer-readable data-storage medium and computer system for carrying out such a method.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of calibrating a camera includes: a. making a video screen display a calibration pattern; b. acquiring from the camera a video stream of a scene comprising said calibration pattern; c. determining a modified calibration pattern depending on the acquired video stream, and making the screen display it; said steps a. to c. being iterated a plurality of times; and then d. estimating intrinsic calibration parameters of the camera by processing the acquired video streams. A computer program product, computer-readable data-storage medium and computer system for carrying out such a method.

Abstract: Imaging process initialization techniques are described. In an implementation, a color estimate is generated for a plurality of pixels within a region of an image. A plurality of pixels outside of the regions are first identified for each pixel of the plurality of pixels within the region. This may include identification of pixels disposed at opposing directions from the pixel being estimated. A color estimate is determined for each of the plurality of pixels based on the identified pixels. As part of this, a weighting may be employed, such as based on a respective distance of each of the pixels outside of the region to the pixel within the region, a distance along the opposing direction for corresponding pixels outside of the region (e.g., at horizontal or vertical directions), and so forth. The color estimate is then used to initialize an imaging process technique.

Abstract: Innovations in video decoding and rendering operations for inter-coded blocks in a graphics pipeline, in which at least some of the operations are performed using a graphics processing unit (“GPU”), are described. For example, a video playback tool receives encoded data for a current picture and performs operations to decode the encoded data and reconstruct the current picture. For a given inter-coded block of the current picture, a graphics primitive represents texture values as a point for processing by the GPU. The graphics primitive can have one or more attributes, including a motion vector, a block size, a display index value (indicating a location in a display buffer), and/or a residual index value (indicating a location of residual values). The operations performed by the video playback tool can include interpolation of sample values at fractional-sample offsets and motion compensation performed for inter-coded blocks in multiple passes for different block sizes.

Abstract: Systems and methods of coloring and re-coloring digital images are disclosed. A system including a processor and a memory can execute stored instructions to segment (201) a first image to obtain segmented image regions. A morphological skeleton can be determined (202) for each segmented image region. A color can be associated (203) with each morphological skeleton, and each color can be diffused (204) from the associated morphological skeleton to obtain color information for a second image. The second image can be obtained (205) based on the color information.

Abstract: An imaging system (100) includes an anti-correlated noise filter (120), which jointly filters noise from a first portion (116) and a second portion (118), and the first portion (116) and the second portion (118) include anti-correlated noise.

Abstract: A medical image (24) with contrast of one imaging modality is emulated from images with other contrast characteristics. A plurality of input images (20) of a region of interest with the other contrast characteristics is received. A transform (22) which was generated by machine learning is applied to the corresponding plurality of input images (20) to generate a scalar value (38) or a vector value (38?) representing the corresponding voxel (36?) of the medical image (24) to be evaluated.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for automatically synthesizing images are disclosed. The methods may include receiving a plurality of input frames with a common background. The methods may also include determining a number of the input frames. The methods may also include selecting, based on the number, a method to detect foregrounds of the input frames. The methods may further include using the selected method to generate an output frame comprising a combination of a plurality of the foregrounds.