Abstract: Methods are provided for making a nanofiber-coated fiber. The method(s) include: providing a base fiber; depositing a nanofreckle on the base fiber; and growing a nanofiber at the nanofreckle. In another aspect, nanofiber-coated fibers are provided, produced by the above-noted methods making a nanofiber-coated fiber.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a substrate on which a central area and a peripheral area adjacent to the central area are arranged. The central area includes a display area. The display apparatus further includes: at least one insulation pattern that is formed in the peripheral area; a groove from which a material for forming the insulation pattern is removed and that is formed adjacent to the insulation pattern; and at least one insulating layer that is interposed between the insulation pattern and the substrate. The groove is located in the at least one insulating layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a plasma film-forming method including: accommodating a workpiece in a chamber; supplying a film-forming gas into the chamber; generating plasma within the chamber; and exciting the film-forming gas by the plasma to form a predetermined film on the workpiece. Helium gas is supplied as a plasma generating gas into the chamber together with the film-forming gas to generate plasma containing the helium gas in the chamber.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for processing a semiconductor wafer in which a sensor (e.g., a contact thermocouple) is positioned in the gas distribution assembly measures temperature and/or a film parameter before, during and/or after deposition are described.

Abstract: A coating process for applying a bifurcated coating to an article is disclosed including applying an aluminizing slurry to a first portion of the article, applying a chromizing slurry to a second portion of the article, and simultaneously heat treating the article, the aluminizing slurry, and the chromizing slurry. Heat treating the aluminizing slurry forms an aluminide coating on the first portion of the article and an aluminide diffusion zone between the article and the aluminide coating. Heat treating the chromizing slurry forms a chromide coating on the second portion of the article and a chromide diffusion zone between the article and the chromide coating. The first portion and the second portion are both maintained in an unmasked state while applying the aluminizing slurry and the chromizing slurry and during the heat treating.

Abstract: A turbocharger compressor wheel with an aluminum proportion of at least 50 atom percent, produced by. etching a turbine wheel base body using an alkaline etchant to produce a specific etch pitting consisting of nano pores and micropores and chemical deposition of a nickel-phosphorous protective layer (19) onto the etched base body surface.

Abstract: A novel method of blackening surgical needles is disclosed. Surgical needles having outer surfaces are first placed into a first pretreatment bath having a novel composition. The needles are then placed into a second blackening bath having a novel composition for a sufficient period of time to effectively blacken the surfaces of the needles. The novel methods for blackening the surfaces of a stainless steel alloy surgical needle provide a chromium (VI)-free alternative to current needle manufacturing processes. Another unique feature of this novel method is its short processing time. The blackening processes of the present invention can be utilized for in-line treatment processes which can be easily incorporated into high speed needle manufacturing processes, such as strip mounted processes. In addition, the processes of the present invention are readily adaptable to batch processes. Also disclosed are novel systems for blackening surgical needles and novel blackening baths for surgical needles.

Abstract: A method includes additively manufacturing an article in an inert environment, removing the article from the inert environment and placing the article in a non-inert environment, allowing at least a portion the article to oxidize in the non-inert environment to form an oxidized layer on a surface of the article, and removing the oxidized layer (e.g., to smooth the surface of the article). The method can further include relieving stress in the article (e.g., via heating the article after additive manufacturing).

Abstract: A process for producing a titanium load-bearing structure, which comprises cold-gas dynamic spraying of titanium particles on to a suitably shaped support member, and a titanium load bearing structure so-produced.

Abstract: An yttrium oxyfluoride sprayed coating contains Y5O4F7 as a main component. In the yttrium oxyfluoride sprayed coating, when the total intensity of all peaks attributable to yttrium oxyfluoride in a diffraction spectrum obtained by X-ray diffractometry is assumed to be 100, the total intensity of all peaks attributable to yttrium fluoride and yttrium oxide is less than 10. Furthermore, in an yttrium oxyfluoride-containing sprayed coating, when the total intensity of all peaks attributable to yttrium oxyfluoride and yttrium fluoride in a diffraction spectrum obtained by X-ray diffractometry is assumed to be 100, the total intensity of all peaks attributable to yttrium oxide is less than 1.

Abstract: The method for treatment of parts, characterized in that it comprises the stages of applying an electrolytic chromium plating layer on a part; applying a coating over the entire outer surface of the part; selective stripping of the coating in order to leave the part with at least one coated portion and at least one uncoated portion; carrying out a selective etching on the layer in at least one part of the uncoated portion; metallization of the entire surface of the part; and removal of the coating.

Abstract: A method of producing graphene sheets from coke or coal powder, comprising: (a) forming an intercalated coke or coal compound by electrochemical intercalation conducted in an intercalation reactor, which contains (i) a liquid solution electrolyte comprising an intercalating agent; (ii) a working electrode that contains the powder in ionic contact with the liquid electrolyte, wherein the coke or coal powder is selected from petroleum coke, coal-derived coke, meso-phase coke, synthetic coke, leonardite, lignite coal, or natural coal mineral powder; and (iii) a counter electrode in ionic contact with the electrolyte, and wherein a current is imposed upon the working electrode and the counter electrode for effecting electrochemical intercalation of the intercalating agent into the powder; and (b) exfoliating and separating graphene planes from the intercalated coke or coal compound using an ultrasonication, thermal shock exposure, mechanical shearing treatment, or a combination thereof to produce isolated graphen

Abstract: Reactor/separator elements for performing the generation and/or separation of hydrogen gas with improved efficiency have a central core and a separation layer that, in combination, define at least one spiral gas flow channel extending from one end of the central core to the opposite end of the central core. In use, the reactor/separator element may be placed in a housing which constrains gas on the outside of the reactor/separator element into the spiral channel defined by the outside of the separation layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of preparing oxalic acid (H2C2O4), the method at least comprising the steps of: (a) providing a metal formate (HCO2M) containing stream, wherein the metal (M) of the metal formate (HCO2M) is a monovalent metal selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Cs, Rb and a mixture thereof; (b) heating the metal formate (HCO2M) containing stream thereby obtaining a metal oxalate (M2C2O4) containing stream; (c) subjecting the metal oxalate (M2C2O4) containing stream to electrodialysis, thereby obtaining at least oxalic acid (M2C2O4) and a metal hydroxide (MOH).

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a photochemical reaction system comprises a CO2 production unit, a CO2 absorption unit, and a CO2 reduction unit. The CO2 reduction unit comprises a laminated body and an ion transfer pathway. The laminated body comprises an oxidation catalyst layer producing O2 and H+ by oxidizing H2O, a reduction catalyst layer producing carbon compounds by reducing CO2 absorbed by the CO2 absorption unit, and a semiconductor layer formed between the oxidation catalyst layer and the reduction catalyst layer and develops charge separation with light energy. The ion transfer pathways make ions move between the oxidation catalyst layer side and the reduction catalyst layer side.

Abstract: An ozone generator system utilizes an electrochemical cell to produce and control ozone concentrations within an enclosure or to supply ozone to a flow conduit. The enclosure may he coupled with a flow conduit that carries the produced ozone to a desired location. An enclosure may be a sterilization chamber and the concentration of ozone produced by the ozone generating system may be sufficient to sterilize articles within the enclosure. An oxygen control electrolyzer cell and/or humidity control electrolyzer cell may be coupled with the enclosure to further control the environment of the enclosure. A humidity control electrolyzer cell may be fluidly coupled with the ozone generator to supply humidity for reaction on the anode of the ozone generator.

Abstract: Electroplating methods enable the plating of photoresist defined features which have substantially uniform morphology. The electroplating methods include copper electroplating baths with reaction products of pyrazole compounds and bisepoxides to electroplate the photoresist defined features. Such features include pillars, bond pads and line space features.

Abstract: A silver-plated product is produced by forming a surface layer of silver on a base material by electroplating at a liquid temperature of 10 to 35° C. and a current density of 3 to 15 A/dm2 in a silver plating solution so as to satisfy (32.6x?300)?y?(32.6x+200) assuming that a product of a concentration of potassium cyanide in the silver plating solution and a current density is y (g·A/L·dm2) and that a liquid temperature of the silver plating solution is x (° C.), the silver plating solution containing 80 to 110 g/L of silver, 70 to 160 g/L of potassium cyanide and 55 to 70 mg/L of selenium.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus is provided. This cleaning apparatus includes an inlet, an outlet, a first conveyance path, a second conveyance path, a cleaning unit disposed on the first conveyance path and configured to clean the target object in a non-contacting manner, and a drying unit disposed on the first conveyance path and configured to dry the target object in a non-contacting manner. The first conveyance path and the second conveyance path are vertically arranged side by side. The second conveyance path is positioned above the first conveyance path and connected with the outlet at an end point. The second conveyance path functions as a stocker configured to temporarily store the target object.

Abstract: An electrochemical deposition system having two or more electrochemical deposition modules arranged on a common platform and configured for depositing one or more metals on a substrate is described. Each electrochemical deposition module includes an anode compartment configured to contain a volume of anolyte fluid, a cathode compartment configured to contain a volume of catholyte fluid, and a membrane separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment. Each electrochemical deposition module further includes a workpiece holder configured to hold opposing edges of a flexible workpiece between first and second leg members via a clamping mechanism, and a loader module configured to position the flexible workpiece in the workpiece holder while holding the flexible workpiece using an air cushion on each opposing planar surface of the flexible workpiece.

Abstract: The method of the disclosure for producing a crystal is a method for producing a crystal of silicon carbide and includes a preparation step, a contact step, a first growth step, a heating step, a cooling step, and a second growth step. The preparation step includes preparing a seed crystal, a crucible, and a solution. The contact step includes bringing the seed crystal into contact with the solution. The first growth step includes heating the solution to a temperature in a first temperature range and pulling up the seed crystal with the temperature of the solution kept in the first temperature range to grow a crystal from the lower surface of the seed crystal. The heating step includes heating the solution. The cooling step includes cooling the solution. The second growth step includes further growing the crystal with the temperature of the solution kept in the first temperature range.

Abstract: Using processes disclosed herein, materials and structures are created and used. For example, processes can include melting amorphous carbon doped with nitrogen and carbon-13 into an undercooled state followed by quenching. Materials disclosed herein may include dopants in concentrations exceeding thermodynamic solubility limits.

Abstract: Provided is a process of baking the inside of a reaction chamber in a re-operation preparation process of the reaction chamber in which epitaxial growth is performed on a wafer. The process of baking the inside of the reaction chamber in the re-operation preparation process of the reaction chamber in which epitaxial growth is performed on the wafer includes rising an inner temperature of the reaction chamber in stages according to a time and introducing a hydrogen gas to upper and lower sides of a susceptor through a main valve and a slit valve, which are provided in a side surface of the reaction chamber. Thus, since power of a heating source for transmitting heat into the reaction chamber increases in stages, an atmosphere in the reaction chamber may be unstable to allow stagnant moisture and contaminants to flow, thereby effectively discharging the moisture and contaminants.

Abstract: Provided is a re-operation preparation process of a reaction chamber in which epitaxial growth is performed on a wafer. The re-operation preparation process of the reaction chamber includes disposing a susceptor provided in the reaction chamber and on which the wafer is seated at a preset first position and setting a flow rate of a hydrogen gas introduced through a main valve so that the flow rate is greater than that of a hydrogen gas introduced through a slit valve and moving the susceptor to a preset second position and setting an amount of hydrogen gas introduced through the main valve while the susceptor is maintained at the second position so that the amount of hydrogen gas is less than that of hydrogen gas introduced through the slit valve. Thus, moisture and contaminants stagnant in a lower portion of the reaction chamber may be smoothly discharged along a flow of the hydrogen gas toward a discharge hole.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for successively introducing water soluble fibers into finish fibers (e.g. cotton) to produce a hollow and ultra soft structure, by introducing water soluble slivers into the center of a fabric feeder with one or more cotton fiber slivers arranged around the water soluble fiber in a pre-drawing process via a fabric sliver feeder. A plurality of these fibers can be drawn together to produces a fiber having multiple water soluble fibers. A cloth, e.g., towel, can be made using the method.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a fiber surface treatment composition, characterized in that the composition is comprised of a silane coupling agent, a polymer and a water repellent agent, wherein the polymer is a copolymer of a polyurethane/acrylic acid polymer, wherein the acrylic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid, polyacrylates or acrylic acid-acrylic acid ester copolymers. The invention also discloses an insulating fiber having the composition on its surface, the preparation method for it, and an insulating yarn and an insulated cord. The insulated fibers, yarns and ropes of the invention have the advantages of moisture resistance, washing resistance, ultraviolet aging resistance and the like. Particularly, the insulated ropes can be applied to the charging work of transmission lines, especially the UHV transmission lines.

Abstract: A method comprising: providing at least one first composition comprising at least one conjugated polymer and at least one solvent, wet spinning the at least one first composition to form at least one first fiber material, hot-drawing the at least one fiber to form at least one second fiber material. In lead embodiments, high-performance poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) conjugated polymer microfibers were fabricated via wet-spinning followed by hot-drawing. In these lead embodiments, due to the combined effects of the vertical hot-drawing process and doping/de-doping the microfibers with ethylene glycol (EG), a record electrical conductivity of 2804 S·cm?1 was achieved. This is believed to be a six-fold improvement over the best previously reported value for PEDOT/PSS fibers (467 S·cm?1) and a twofold improvement over the best values for conductive polymer films treated by EG de-doping (1418 S·cm?1).

Abstract: A method for operating a work station of a textile machine that produces or rewinds yarn in a normal operation, wherein the normal operation is interrupted. The method includes performing at least one service step for restoring the normal operation, wherein a service result is specified for the service step. A standard service operation is carried out with a service device until the service result has been achieved or a predetermined number of failed attempts has been reached. When the predetermined number of failed standard service operation attempts has been reached, an extended service operation is carried out.

Abstract: A polymer-sheathed multi-filamentary strand for use in braided covers for wiring harnesses intended for use in challenging embodiments comprises a core of glass filaments wrapped in an aramid yarn, and sheathed in a siloxane-modified polyetherimide polymer. Shielding against electromagnetic interference may also be provided.

Abstract: In one aspect, a textile component including bulking yarn is disclosed. In embodiments, the textile component is a knitted component. In one embodiment, an article of footwear includes a knitted component arch support configured to reduce the rate of pronation. A support structure may include a fusible yarn adjacent to an external surface of the arch support, a bulking yarn, and a nonfusible yarn. In certain embodiments, an arch support includes compartments and flex lines. In another aspect, an article having a knitted component includes a rigid material, a bulking yarn, and a flexible material. The rigid material may be fusible yarn. Methods for forming a textile component are provided. One embodiment involves knitting a first section comprising a fusible yarn, a second section comprising a bulking yarn, and a third section comprising a nonfusible yarn, and heating.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for successively introducing water soluble fibers into natural fibers (e.g. cotton) to produce a hollow and ultra soft structure, by introducing water soluble slivers into the center of a multi-hole feeder with multiple cotton fiber slivers arranged around the water soluble fiber in a pre-drawing process via a multi-hole sliver feeder. A cloth, e.g., made using the method.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for successively introducing water soluble fibers into finish fibers (e.g. cotton) to produce a hollow and ultra soft structure, by introducing water soluble slivers into the center of a multi-hole feeder with multiple cotton fiber slivers arranged around the water soluble fiber in a pre-drawing process via a multi-hole sliver feeder. A plurality of these fibers can be drawn together to produces a fiber having multiple water soluble fibers. A cloth, e.g., towel, can be made using the method.

Abstract: Weaving equipment may include strand positioning equipment that positions warp strands and that inserts weft strands among the warp strands to form fabric. The weaving equipment may include one or more guide arms that pushes warp strands in the weft direction during weaving. Fabrics having warp strands that extend in both the warp direction and the weft direction may be used in forming circuitry in fabrics such as touch sensor circuitry. For example, a touch sensor in a fabric may be formed using first conductive warp strands that form first touch sensor electrodes and second conductive warp strands that form second touch sensor electrodes that overlap with the first touch sensor electrodes. The second conductive warp strands may each have a first portion that extends in the warp direction and a second portion that extends in the weft direction across the first touch sensor electrodes.

Abstract: Provided is a fabric for use as sportswear, the side fabric of a futon or the inner bag thereof that has superior heat retention and a soft texture despite being lightweight and thin. The fabric is a thin fabric having a fabric density of 15 g/m2 to 50 g/m2 in which thermoplastic synthetic fibers having fineness of 5 dtex to 30 dtex are arranged in at least a portion of the warp yarn or weft yarn, wherein the average deviation of the coefficient of friction on at least one side of the fabric is 0.008 to 0.05, and the value of Qmax of that one side of the fabric is 85 W/m2·° C. to 125 W/m2·° C.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to flame resistant fabrics containing fibers having at least one energy absorbing and/or reflecting additive incorporated into the fibers. Inclusion of such fibers into the fabric increases the arc rating/fabric weight ratio of the fabric while still complying with all requisite thermal protective requirements.

Abstract: The disclosed device relates to woven or knitted textile fabric for employment in martial arts clothing, such as fabric used for manufacture of gis and kimonos for karate and of Brazilian jiu jitsu. The textile fabric is formed of two different types of yarn. The first yarn is comprised of a strong material such as KEVLAR and the second is comprised of cotton.

Abstract: A double-sided fabric stacked with a continuous cord material and forming a thickness in a woven sack interlayer is woven from a face yarn by a flat knitting machine including a front needle bed, a back needle bed and a loop presser bed. The front needle bed includes a plurality of front knitting needles. The back needle bed includes a plurality of back knitting needles. The loop presser bed is disposed above the front or back needle bed, and includes right-directed and left-directed weaving pressing pieces. The double-sided fabric further includes at least one woven sack interlayer including loops stitched from the face yarn by the front and back knitting needles. The woven sack interlayer includes therein at least one continuous cord material, which is pressed into the woven sack interlayer by the right-directed and left-directed weaving pressing pieces to become folded and stacked to form a thickness.

Abstract: A circular hosiery knitting machine, particularly of the double cylinder type, with yarn finger for plated knitting, comprising at least one needle cylinder and a first yarn finger for dispensing a base yarn and a second yarn finger for dispensing a reinforcement yarn; the dispensing end of the body of the second yarn finger can move on command with respect to the remaining part of the body of the second yarn finger, on a plane that is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the needle cylinder, along a direction that is substantially parallel to the tangent to the needle cylinder in the grip point, by needles, of a reinforcement yarn dispensed by the second yarn finger.

Abstract: The present invention provides a creped tissue web having a CD Wet/Dry ratio that meets or exceeds satisfactory levels without the excess use of a wet strength resin. The satisfactory level of CD Wet/Dry ratio is generally greater than about 0.40, more preferably greater than about 0.42 and still more preferably greater than about 0.44, such as from about 0.40 to about 0.45. The satisfactory level of CD Wet/Dry ratio is surprisingly achieved by treating the tissue making furnish with a relatively modest amount of non-wood synthetic fibers, preferably fibrillated acrylic fiber.

Abstract: The invention provides migration resistant batting that includes a nonwoven web comprising a first surface parallel to a second surface, and a fiber mixture that includes: 35 to 65 wt % synthetic polymeric fibers having a denier of less than or equal to 1.0, wherein 50 to 100 wt % of said synthetic polymeric fibers are siliconized fibers; 10 to 30 wt % spiral-crimped synthetic polymeric fibers having a length of greater than or equal to 60 mm, wherein 50 to 100 wt % of said spiral-crimped synthetic polymeric fibers are siliconized fibers; 20 to 50 wt % elastomeric fibers having a denier between 2.0 and 7.0; and 5 to 25 wt % synthetic binder fibers having a denier of 1.5 to 4.0, said binder fibers have a bonding temperature lower than the softening temperature of the synthetic polymeric fibers, wherein said first and second surfaces comprise a cross-linked resin. Also provided are articles comprising the batting and methods of making the batting.

Abstract: Provided are a nonwoven fabric, wherein in a broken end part formed by a tensile test in accordance with JIS L 1913 of stretching in one direction to lead breakage, letting an innermost point in the one direction be Pin and an outermost point be Pout, distance D along the one direction between point Pin and point Pout is less than or equal to 50 mm, and a bandage using the same.

Abstract: Carbon nanotube threads are coated with a coating solution such as dimethylformamide (DMF), ethylene glycol (EG), polyethylene glycol (PEG), PEG200 (PEG with a average molecular weight of approximately 200 grams per mole (g/mol)), PEG400 (PEG with a average molecular weight of approximately 400 g/mol), dimethyl sulfide (DMS 100 cP), HP1632, poly(methylhydrosiloxane), polyalkylene glycol, (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane, hydride functional siloxane 0 resin, platinum (0) -1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-disiloxane, moisture in air, acetic acid, water, poly(dimethylsiloxane) hydroxy terminated, (3-glycidyloxypropyl)-trimethoxysilane or a combination thereof. The coated carbon nanotubes may be used to stitch in a Z-direction into a composite such as a polymer prepreg to strengthen the composite. The stitching may occur using a sewing machine.

Abstract: An embroidery system and method are provided in which a consumer can provide a design, such as images or text, have it converted into a digitized image and then used to generate customized embroidery that can be placed onto a product.

Abstract: Dyeing unit, adapted to test and/or monitor the effects of dye baths on textile materials, comprising a body (7) with tanks (8) with openable and closable lids (9), and each adapted to contain a dyeing bath and a textile sample, means (MM) adapted to move said body (7) for stirring the dyeing bath contained in the tanks (8), and means for the discharge of said dyeing baths from the tanks (8). The tanks (8) are integral to said body (7) and the latter is closed both above and laterally and inferiorly thus defining a closed volume (V7) in which is contained a thermal fluid (FT), so that the tanks (8) are always immersed in the same thermal fluid (FT).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a washing machine having at least one washing basket defining a first treating chamber and at least one removable washing basket that is selectively receivable within the first treating chamber as well as at least one sensor and at least one component able to cause excitation in the sensor.

Abstract: An improved drying stand is provided for drying clothing articles over a source of hot air. The drying stand includes a housing, which has a base with a plurality of holes in connection with the source of hot air, and sidewalls, defining a chamber. Conduits are connected to the openings in the base. The conduits may include a cap connected to the end, such that hot air flows through the openings in the base, through the conduits, and then is directed outwardly by the caps. The caps may serve both to direct hot air outwardly and to prevent any debris, such as dirty water, mud, dirt, etc. from falling out of the chamber through the conduits. In this manner, the drying stand provides a place for the clothing articles to dry and keeps the surrounding surfaces clean.

Abstract: The present invention relates to masterbatches for a TPU yarn and a method for manufacturing a TPU yarn using the same wherein while TPU is not coated onto the surface of a polyester or nylon yarn, unlike the above-mentioned prior arts, the masterbatches are made by compounding the TPU and nano silica, and next, they are compounded with TPU, so that the compounded material is melted and extruded through an extruder for yarn processing, thereby manufacturing a TPU yarn having no core.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a resin for a thermoplastic polyurethane yarn, comprising: thermoplastic polyurethane; and silica nanopowder. The present invention also relates to a method for producing a thermoplastic polymer yarn having a thickness of 50 denier or less by use of silica nanopowder having a particle size of 5-30 nm as a thickener. The thermoplastic polyurethane resin according to the present invention has desired processability and physical properties.

Abstract: A wire rope (10, 20), comprising: a core (12, 22), a plurality of outer strands (18, 28) and a plurality of separator strands (17, 27) laid on said core (12, 22), and a first plastic jacket (19) around said plurality of outer strands (18, 19) and said plurality of separator strands (17, 27), wherein said plurality of separator strands (17, 27) extend from said core (12, 22) and in-between each pair of said plurality of outer strands (18, 28) so as to produce and maintain gaps between said pair of said plurality of outer strands (18, 28). Plastic impregnation of the wire rope (10, 20) can be ensured due to the separator strands/17, 27).

Abstract: In some variations, OCC is screened, cleaned, deinked, and mechanically refined to generate cellulose nanofibrils. The OCC may be subjected to further chemical, physical, or thermal processing, prior to mechanical refining. For example, the OCC may be subjected to hot-water extraction, or fractionation with an acid catalyst, a solvent for lignin, and water. In certain embodiments to produce cellulose nanocrystals, OCC is exposed to AVAP® digestor conditions. The resulting pulp is optionally bleached and is mechanically refined to generate cellulose nanocrystals. In certain embodiments to produce cellulose nanofibrils, OCC is exposed to GreenBox+® digestor conditions. The resulting pulp is mechanically refined to generate cellulose nanofibrils. The site of a system to convert OCC to nanocellulose may be co-located with an existing OCC processing site. The nanocellulose line may be a bolt-on retrofit system to existing infrastructure.