Abstract: A row unit assembly may generally include a clamp mount configured to be coupled to a frame member of an agricultural implement. The clamp mount may include a first clamp member and a second clamp member pivotally coupled to the first clamp member. The first clamp member may include a first clamp wall spaced apart from a second clamp wall of the second clamp member such that the frame member is clamped between the first and second clamp walls. In addition, the second clamp member may include a flange extending outwardly relative to the second clamp wall such that the flange overlaps the frame member along at least a portion of a top side of the frame member. Moreover, the row unit assembly may include an agricultural row unit including at least one support arm pivotally coupled to the clamp mount.

Abstract: An agricultural implement system includes a down force cylinder configured to apply a downward force to a row unit, and a depth control cylinder configured to vary a penetration depth of a ground engaging tool of the row unit. The agricultural implement system also includes a valve assembly in fluid communication with the down force cylinder and the depth control cylinder. The valve assembly is configured to automatically adjust the downward force by varying fluid pressure within the down force cylinder based on fluid pressure within the depth control cylinder.

Abstract: An agricultural implement includes a toolbar system having a toolbar frame, an elevator assembly, and a first wing on one side of the toolbar frame. The first wing may be coupled to the elevator and pivotable about a first vertical axis of rotation between an extended and a folded position. Tools may be coupled to the first wing and rotatable relative to a longitudinal axis of the first wing from an operating position below the first wing to a transport/shipping position above the first wing. Further, the first wing may be adapted to be moveable to position the first wing higher than a wheel of the agricultural implement on the same side of the toolbar frame in the folded position. Subsequently, the tools may be circularly rotated and the middle wing and tools pushed down to reduce the overall width and height of the implement for transporting or shipping.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods for agricultural data analysis. In one embodiment, a computer system for monitoring field operations includes a database for storing agricultural data including yield and field data and at least one processing unit that is coupled to the database. The at least one processing unit is configured to execute instructions to monitor field operations, to store agricultural data, to automatically determine whether at least one correlation between different variables or parameters of the agricultural data exceeds a threshold, and to perform analysis of the agricultural data to identify a category of man-made issues or other issues that have potentially caused the correlation when at least one correlation occurs between different variables or parameters of the agricultural data.

Abstract: This present invention provides an automatic pot seedlings feeding mechanism for semi-automatic transplanter, comprising a transmission mechanism, a slider-crank mechanism, a stop lever, a side plate, a resetting mechanism and a bearing with bearing support. The transmission mechanism includes a transmission shaft I, a driving wheel, a transmission shaft II, a transmission shaft III and a conveyor belt. Under the performance of the conveyor belt, the pot seedlings are transported forward to the position of the stop lever. The slider-crank mechanism comprises a crank, a slider bar and a sliding chute, the crank and the driving wheel are connected through a revolute pair A, which is on the driving wheel, but not at the center of the driving wheel. The slider is securely connected with the resetting mechanism.

Abstract: A method of sowing watermelon seeds includes seeding triploid watermelon seeds and watermelon pollinizer seeds in separate cells within a seedling tray. The triploid watermelon seeds produce seedless watermelons and the pollinizer seeds produce seeded watermelons. The seeded watermelons are not inherently bred to have reduced competition to plants grown from the triploid watermelon seeds.

Abstract: In a mower provided with a center pivot axle 12, a control unit 1 controls a height adjusting mechanism 19 for a mowing unit 16 so that a grass cutting height is increased from an initial level when an absolute value of a roll angle of the center pivot axle relative to a vehicle body has exceeded a first roll angle threshold value. A cutting blade 21 is stopped when the absolute value of the roll angle has exceeded a fourth roll angle threshold value which is greater than the first roll angle threshold value.

Abstract: Electric power equipment such as a lawn mower is provided with a travel unit driven by a travel motor for propelling the equipment, a work unit driven by a work motor to perform prescribed work such as cutting grass as the equipment travels, and a control unit configured to decrease a rotational speed of the travel motor in response to an increase in a load applied to the work motor, and to increase the rotational speed of the travel motor in response to a decrease in a load applied to the work motor.

Abstract: In one aspect, power equipment includes a cutter blade operation lever, a left rotary shaft, an operated member operated by the left rotary shaft to control driving of a cutter blade, and a releasable engagement mechanism provided between the left rotary shaft and the cutter blade operation lever. The releasable engagement mechanism is configured to release a force transmitting engagement between the cutter blade operation lever and the left rotary shaft to allow the cutter blade operation lever to rotate relative to the left rotary shaft when an excessive force is applied to the cutter blade operation lever in a direction to rotate the left rotary shaft beyond a normal rotational angle range.

Abstract: Robots for autonomous harvesting of hydroponically grown organic matter with different harvesters are disclosed. The autonomous harvesting involves using one or more robots to (1) navigate a hydroponics arrangement or environment to arrive at locations of harvestable organic matter, (2) identify mature organic matter for harvesting from under-ripe or over-ripe organic matter using the robot's sensors, (3) identify the irregular positions and the irregular extraction points at which the mature organic matter is to be correctly harvested using the robot's sensors, (4) harvest the organic matter at the identified positions using the robot harvester, and (5) place the extracted organic matter into a storage bay for delivery to a packaging or shipment station. The harvester includes one or more of a vacuum, gripper, cutting saw, or clipping shears disposed about a distal end of an extendable or mechanical arm mounted atop a lift.

Abstract: In one aspect, electric power equipment includes: a horizontally extending left rotary shaft operably connected with a cutter blade operation lever; a horizontally extending right rotary shaft operably connected with a travel operation lever; and a cutter blade on/off switch and a potentiometer for setting a travel speed arranged at a laterally central position substantially between the left and right rotary shafts, such that the cutter blade on/off switch is operated by the left rotary shaft and the potentiometer is operated by the right rotary shaft.

Abstract: An electric mower comprises a blade housing (2b) defining a cavity (7) opening out downward and a vertical passage (32) extending centrally upward from the cavity, a metallic motor support plate (38) attached to a part of the blade housing defining an upper end of the vertical passage and provided with an extension (42) extending beyond the vertical passage in a horizontal direction, an electric motor (8) attached to the motor support plate and having an output shaft (64) extending downward through an opening formed in the motor support plate, a blade (3) attached to a lower end of the output shaft and covered by the blade housing, and a control unit (10) mounted on an upper surface of the extension for controlling the electric motor.

Abstract: A chopper assembly for a crop residue distribution system of an agricultural combine may include a rotor shaft extending lengthwise along a rotational axis between a first end and a second end. The chopper assembly may also include a plurality of flail blades pivotally coupled to the rotor shaft. Each flail blade may be configured to pivot relative to the rotor shaft about a pivot axis, with the flail blades being spaced apart axially from one another between the first and second ends of the rotor shaft. In addition, the chopper assembly may include a plurality of spring tines coupled to the rotor shaft, with the spring tines being spaced apart from one another between the first and second ends of the rotor shaft.

Abstract: A plant detection device is provided that includes a robotic arm having gripping element that includes first and second curved grippers with opposing concave surfaces that move between an open and closed states, and the arm moves and vibrates the gripping element, a proximity force sensor that is disposed on the gripper and outputs a measurement signal of a force between the gripping element and an outgrowth from a stem of a plant under test to a computer, a force and frequency sensor that is orthogonal to the proximity force sensor outputs a gripping force measurement and a frequency response measurement of the stem of the plant under test to the computer, where the computer moves the gripping and vibrating arm according to the sensor signal outputs.

Abstract: Chopping blade (10) of a chopping drum of a forage harvester, having a base body (11) which comprises a fastening portion (12) for fastening the chopping blade (10) to the chopping drum and a cutting portion (13) for the harvested crop to be chopped, wherein at least one crop guiding element (15) for guiding the harvested crop is fastened to the inner surface of the fastening portion (12).

Abstract: In an embodiment, a data processing method comprises receiving permanent properties data for a plurality of agricultural sub-fields of an agricultural field; determining whether at least one data item is missing for any sub-field of the plurality of agricultural sub-fields in the permanent properties data, and if so, generating additional properties data for the plurality of agricultural sub-fields; generating preprocessed permanent properties data by merging the permanent properties data with the additional properties data; generating filtered permanent properties data by removing, from the preprocessed permanent properties data, a set of preprocessed permanent properties records corresponding to a subset of the plurality of agricultural sub-fields in which two or more crops were grown in the same year; applying a regression operator to the filtered permanent properties data to determine a plurality of intra-field variations values that represent intra-field variations in predicted yield of crop harvested fr

Abstract: A blade assembly for cutting roots is installed on a hand-carried weed cutter or hand-carried sidewalk edger. The blade assembly comprises a rear blade configured to support a plurality of blades on the shaft of the weed cutter. The rear blade has a plurality of teeth disposed around its perimeter, and a central opening configured to be received by the shaft of the weed trimmer. A front blade has a plurality of teeth disposed around its perimeter. Stacks of grinding segments are sandwiched together between the rear blade and the front blade, each stack of grinding segments extending partially around the blade assembly at an angle. Each grinding segment has a plurality of teeth disposed along an outer edge of the grinding segment. Spacers without teeth are adjacent to and separate the stacks of grinding segments from one another. The spacers are also sandwiched between the rear blade and the front blade.

Abstract: An intelligent planting apparatus an intelligent planting management method controls planting processes of plants in a plurality of planting devices within different environments, and includes data collection step, classification-marking step, and regulation step. Collected data comprise: plants' planting information, environment information of planting devices, planting condition information and plant features. Classifying the collected data, scoring and comparing the plant features in each planting devices according to preset conditions under same category, and marking and storing respective planting condition information of the planting device with high planting feature score in a plant growing cycle. Comparing the current planting condition information with the stored marked planting condition information according to planting and environment information of respective planting device.

Abstract: A fungal growth structure comprising a nutritive vehicle, a porous material, an administrable space. fungal tissue comprising fungal hyphae having a growth pattern, the fungal tissue connecting said nutritive vehicle to said porous material to said administrable space, wherein the fungal tissue within said space defines at least one successive fungal material layer; and a chemically or physically altered separated portion of fungal material, the separated portion separated from said fungal tissue.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a blowing-suction device. The blowing-suction device includes: a housing, having a first opening connected to the outside; an air tube, connected to the housing; an air flow generation apparatus that operably generates an air flow, where when the blowing-suction device is in the blowing mode, the air flow is blown out from the air tube, or when the blowing-suction device is in the suction mode, the air flow is sucked from the air tube; and a collection apparatus, configured to collect an object sucked by the blowing-suction device in the suction mode, where the collection apparatus is connected to the first opening both in the blowing mode and in the suction mode, and the collection apparatus further includes an air admission portion, and in the blowing mode, the air admission portion is open; or in the suction mode, the air admission portion is closed.

Abstract: The present application relates to methods and compositions and compositions for watering plant roots, and more particularly, to water soluble granular compositions for application to grass and other root bearing plants, the granules including a wood, mineral and binder granule impregnated with a root watering composition having a humectant as its principle constituent, and methods of application and use of the granular compositions.

Abstract: A tree stump removal device is disclosed. The device includes an annular housing having cutters attached thereto. A method of removing a tree stump is disclosed that includes lowering a tree stump removal device into the ground surrounding the tree stump to sever some of the horizontal roots extending from the tree stump.

Abstract: An automated dynamic adaptive differential agricultural cultivation system, constituted of: a sensor input module arranged to receive signals from each of a plurality of first sensors positioned in a plurality of zones of a first field; a multiple field input module arranged to receive information associated with second sensors from a plurality of fields; a dynamic adaptation module arranged, for each of the first sensors of the first field, to compare information derived from the signals received from the respective first sensor with a portion of the information received by the multiple field input module and output information associated with the outcome of the comparison; a differential cultivation determination module arranged, responsive to the output information of the dynamic adaptation module, to determine a unique cultivation plan for each zone of the first field; and an output module arranged to output a first function of the determined unique cultivation plans.

Abstract: A method for installing a water potential detector in a plant stem comprising the steps of: providing a water potential detector comprising a compartment with an osmoticum therein, the detector being configured for measuring water potential through direct contact with plant tissue adjacent to the vascular conduit of the plant stem via the selective barrier; forming a bore through the plant stem by drilling therein, using a first type of drill bit; smoothening the inner walls of the bore by using a second type of drill bit; inserting the water potential detector into the smoothened bore such that the selective harrier thereof is in direct contact with the stem tissue of the plant; and filling the gap between the water potential detector and the stem tissue with a fluid conducting material. The selective harrier and the drilled inner stem tissue is kept wet throughout the delivery and installation process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of melon plants having a dominant Melon Yellowing associated Virus (MYaV) resistance gene in their genome, introgressed from wild melon accessions.

Abstract: The invention provides seed and plants of tomato hybrid DR9544TH and the parent lines thereof. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of tomato hybrid DR9544TH and the parent lines thereof, and to methods for producing a tomato plant produced by crossing such plants with themselves or with another tomato plant, such as a plant of another genotype. The invention further relates to seeds and plants produced by such crossing. The invention further relates to parts of such plants, including the fruit and gametes of such plants.

Abstract: The invention provides containers comprising at least one or at least two seedlings of at least one seedless watermelon variety and at least one seedling of a seeded pollenizer watermelon variety. The present invention further provides methods for producing watermelon fruit, optionally over an extended season, comprising planting together in a container at least one seedling of a seedless watermelon variety and at least one seedling of a seeded pollenizer watermelon variety, wherein the at least one seedling of a seeded pollenizer watermelon variety produces male flowers in sufficient time to pollenize female flowers of the at least one seedling of a seedless watermelon variety.

Abstract: The invention provides a new and distinct hybrid variety of pepper, NUN 50184 PPS as well as seeds and plants and fruits thereof.

Abstract: A barn for housing dairy cows includes a feeding and milking area, and a pasture area. The feeding and milking area comprises a plurality of feeding stations, each feeding station including: a manger configured to permit a cow to obtain dry feed; a waterer configured to permit the cow to obtain drinking water; and a head lock configured to releasably secure the cow in the feeding station while the cow is being milked. The pasture area is configured to permit a plurality of cows to lay down. The pasture area includes a raised bed composed of a bedding material and having a predetermined slope selected to facilitate removal of excess liquid from the pasture area.

Abstract: A securing assembly for supporting an animal crate within an architectural structure and the animal crate may be selectively concealed. A platform supports the bottom surface of the crate and may be extended or retracted within the architectural structure. The securing assembly includes a track which is selectively secured to the architectural structure and the platform includes a mating flange for cooperating with the track. The platform includes a mount for the animal crate which permits the crate to be manipulated to extend and retract the platform.

Abstract: A cattle squeeze chute door opening assembly includes a cattle squeeze chute including a lateral wall that has an open end for having an animal extending therethrough. A door frame is attached to the cattle squeeze chute adjacent to the open end. The door frame includes a door support post spaced from the lateral wall. A space between the lateral wall and the door support post defines an access portal. The door frame including an upper frame member and a lower frame member. A gate is pivotally couple to door support post and is positionable in an open position or in a closed position. The gate has a lower edge positioned adjacent to the lower frame member. A foot actuator is mounted on the door frame. The gate is lifted upwardly and moved from a closed position to an open position when the foot actuator is actuated.

Abstract: A rotatable container includes a projection that protrudes into the container and is aligned with an opening at a first end of the container. The projection defines a concave surface with a ramp that guides treats through the opening when oriented vertically. The container may be cylindrical and sit on a base defining a cylindrical seat. A second end of the container engages a rotator on the base that is driven by a motor. A front wall of the container may define an opening that aligns with the opening of the container when the ramp is oriented vertically. A sensor may sense a position of the projection and invoke pausing of rotation by the motor.

Abstract: An animal interaction device is provided that includes a food access component which allows and disallows access to at least a portion of the food. In various embodiments, the allowing and disallowing of access to at least a portion of the food is dependent upon the animal's condition. A method is also provided such that the device above is provided to an animal, one or more indicators are optionally activated, the animal's first condition is sensed via one or more sensors, and based upon the animal's condition, the previously protected food is made accessible, and subsequently the protected food is made available again based upon the animal's second condition. A system is also provided for automatically interacting with an animal including at least one animal interaction device each of which comprises an initial interaction algorithm to automatically interact with the animal. Other aspects of the invention are provided.

Abstract: A disposable animal bathing and grooming apparatus for the hygienic cleaning of animals is provided. The apparatus may include a collapsible disposable container removably supported in an upright condition by a frame. The disposable container provides a cavity for receiving an animal, wherein a filter is provided along a lower portion thereof. The disposable container is configured to selectively capture and/or directedly discharge animal waste wherein the animal's body is fully accessible to direct contact during bathing/grooming. The disposable container provides an integrated pouch. The frame is movable between an upright configuration and a collapsed configuration for easy storage. The disposable container may be collapsed into its pouch for disposal of all the animal waste deposited therein during the bathing and grooming process.

Abstract: A pet toy caster includes a rod, a reel, a line, and a pet toy. The rod has a butt end and a tip end. The reel is mounted upon the rod near the butt end and is configured for casting and reeling the line. A plurality of guides is securely attached and spaced there along the rod. The plurality of guides including at least a butt guide approximate the reel, and a tip top guide at the tip end. The line is wound about the reel and extended through each of the plurality of guides. The line includes a braided section at a distal end of the line. The pet toy is removably connected to the braided section at the distal end of the line.

Abstract: Methods of automatically measuring a reaction time of an animal, in a cage, to a stimulus, are described. First, an animal is detected, then a second apparatus waits for the animal to be fully on the apparatus. A first apparatus outside the cage then provides a stimulus. A second, sterilizable, wireless apparatus inside the cage measures a response of the animal such a jerk, using an accelerometer. The first and second apparatuses time-synchronize. The second device transmits wirelessly the response time data, after optional preprocessing, to the first apparatus. For multi-housed animals, an ID of the animal is determined. The second apparatus may comprise an animal weight scale.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring livestock, the system including a remote server storing data, the remote server including a processing unit for processing stored data and a non-volatile memory; at least one simple data collection device for mounting on an animal to be monitored, the data collection device including a sensor sensing physical parameters of the animal on which it is mounted, a simple data collection device processor with a non-volatile memory, and a transmitter for transmitting data collected by the sensor; at least one central data collection device including a mobile hub for mounting on an animal to be monitored, the central data collection device including: a central data collection device processor with a non-volatile memory; a receiver for receiving data transmitted by the simple data collection devices; a transceiver for communication with the remote server over a communication system; an energy source; the remote server being configured to analyze collected physical parameters and dete

Abstract: Mounting behavior is detected easily. A mounting behavior detection system includes a mounting-side apparatus, a mounted-side apparatus, and a charging apparatus. The mounting-side apparatus is attached to the neck or the chin of a first domestic animal, is configured to emit a transmission signal, and includes a battery. The mounted-side apparatus is attached at any position from the back to the tail of a second domestic animal and is configured to transmit a response signal in response to the transmission signal. The charging apparatus is configured to transmit power wirelessly to the battery.

Abstract: Medetomidine or a salt thereof for use in controlling parasitic crustaceans, such as sea lice, on fish, e.g. salmon. A method of improving water flow into and out of a cage or net for fish farming, by providing said cage or net with a surface coating containing medetomidine or a salt thereof in an amount effective to reduce biofouling of said cage or net. The coating is capable of releasing medetomidine or the salt thereof into the water in the cage or net in an amount effective to reduce or prevent parasitic infestation of the fish in the cage or net.

Abstract: A fish stringer is constructed so that a clamp for attachment to the belt of the fisherman can also be used as the stringer that passes through the gills of the fish. A tether is attached at one end to the clamp and the other end of the tether may be attached to a suitable support which may include the clamp itself, a support structure, or a flotation device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse and its application. Particularly, the invention relates to a NOD mouse specifically expressing anti-polyethylene glycol membrane antibody reporter (anti-PEG reporter) in the NOD mouse.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention provides a transgenic non-human animal model having germ cells and somatic cells containing an endogenous MMTV-SV40-Spy1A gene sequence introduced into said animal model or an ancestor of said animal model at an embryonic stage, wherein said gene sequence comprises a mouse mammary tumor virus gene (MMTV), a functionally disrupted SV40 gene (SV40) and a human Spy1A gene. In another aspect, the present invention provides a transgenic non-human animal model whose germ cells and somatic cells contain an endogenous Spy1A-pTRE-Tight gene sequence introduced into said animal model or an ancestor of said animal model at an embryonic stage. Preferably, the Spy1A-pTRE-Tight animal model expresses the Spy1A gene and develop cancer, preferably breast cancer, when administered with tetracycline, preferably doxycycline.

Abstract: A heated fishing rod system includes a fishing rod that has a handle and a reel mount. A heating unit is coupled to the fishing rod. The heating unit is in thermal communication with the handle such that the heating unit heats the handle when the heating unit is turned on. In this way the heating unit inhibits hands from getting cold when the fishing rod is manipulated.

Abstract: A gear mounting structure includes a worm shaft, a gear, and an elastic member. The worm shaft includes a shaft body, on the outer surface of which is formed intersecting spiral grooves, and a gear locking portion with a non-circular cross section, on at least a portion of the outer surface of which is formed a curved surface portion and a planar portion. The gear includes a gear body, on the outer surface of which are formed teeth, and to which the handle rotation is transmitted, and a boss portion protruding from the gear body and having an engagement portion engaging the gear locking portion. The elastic member is mounted so as to abut the outer surface of the boss portion of the gear, and at least a portion of the curved surface portion of the gear locking portion.

Abstract: A reciprocating mechanism includes a worm shaft, a slider, a first guide shaft, and an elastic member. The worm shaft includes spiral grooves, and is rotated while the handle is rotated. The slider is reciprocated in the axial direction together with the spool shaft in conjunction with the rotation of the worm shaft. The first guide shaft includes a first supporting portion and a second supporting portion, and guides the reciprocating movement of the slider by an intermediate portion between the first supporting portion and the second supporting portion. The elastic member is mounted on the outer perimeter of at least one of the first supporting portion and the second supporting portion, and supports the first guide shaft in the reel body.

Abstract: A twist clip and method for use wherein the twist clip includes a body having a rotating clamp head having at least one slot, a stationary clamp head having at least one slot, a core pin, the slots being arranged to retain an elongate object during use.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, which comprises an anchor rod holder, which is constructed to hold a base portion of a king fishing Anchor Rod. When operatively mounted, the anchor rod holder causes the king fishing Anchor Rod to be substantially vertical relative to a surface of an ocean that is being fished from a pier. The system further comprises a fighting rod holder, which is constructed to be coupled to a king fishing Fighting Rod. In certain exemplary embodiments, the king fishing Fighting Rod sits at an angle less than substantially vertical relative to the surface of the ocean that is being fished.

Abstract: Present invention is a device and a method for collecting targeted insects or targeted insect communities on plants. It can be used to non-destructively collect insect communities from a single plant. Alternatively, it can be used to collect a targeted insect from a plant. Present invention consists of the following elements: a first hose; an extended air nozzle; a thumb lever push valve; a brass barb; a second hose; a knapsack; a pneumatic mini timer; a carbon dioxide flow regulator; a carbon dioxide tank; a bag; a drawstring; and a glass vial. The present invention can be used as follows: consulting a chart; setting carbon dioxide flow regulator; setting pneumatic mini timer; deploying a bag over a plant; cinching said bag; depressing thumb lever; shaking bag to relocate targeted insects from bag into the glass vial; detaching glass vial; and capping glass vial.

Abstract: Telltale rodent trap for trapping rodents in interior walls, ceilings and similar spaces including a baited and set spring-loaded trap attached to a base plate that can pass through a wall or ceiling opening to be exposed to interior spaces frequented by rodents. A cover plate having a telltale aperture fits over the opening. Flexible wings are attached to the rear of the base plate and can fold towards and pass through said opening and thereafter unfold to hold the trap in place. A telltale strip is attached at one end to a trap arm adapted to pivot between a first position when the trap is set and a second position when the trap is sprung. The other end of the telltale is inserted between the cover and base plates and is visible in the telltale aperture of the cover plate. When the trap is sprung, the trap arm pulls the telltale so it is no longer visible in the telltale aperture indicating that a rodent has been trapped and the trap assembly should be removed and reset.

Abstract: A hunting stand includes a frame assembly and a platform. The frame assembly includes a plurality of legs and a plurality of struts. The platform includes a first wheel spindle and a second wheel spindle extending from laterally from an opposing side of the platform. An assemble position includes the legs and struts of the frame assembly attached together in an upright position elevating the platform, and a top end of the ladder secured to and extending downward from the platform in a vertical position. A transport position includes the legs and struts detached from one another, the pair of wheels secured to the pair of wheel spindles respectively and the top end of the ladder secured to and extending laterally from the platform in a horizontal position.