Abstract: The vaporizer includes a tube element defining an inner volume for receiving an amount of liquid aerosol-forming substrate, a mesh in the inner volume of the tube element, and a heater outside, the heater including an electrical resistive heater, and the heater is configured to heat the mesh and the received amount of liquid aerosol-forming substrate to a temperature sufficient to volatilize at least a part of the received amount of liquid aerosol-forming substrate.

Abstract: A method of generating an aerosol in an aerosol-generating system includes storing liquid aerosol-forming substrate in a liquid storage portion and delivering via a pump a liquid aerosol-forming substrate from the liquid storage portion to an atomizer. The method also includes sensing a puff via a a puff sensor in an airflow path of the aerosol-generating system and determining a puff intensity during the puff via a controller. The delivery flow rate of the liquid aerosol-forming substrate to the atomizer is adjusted in response to the determined puff intensity.

Abstract: An aerosol-generating system may include a liquid storage portion, a vaporizer, and a pump. The liquid storage portion may be configured to store a liquid aerosol-forming substrate. The vaporizer may be configured to volatilize the liquid aerosol-forming substrate. The pump may be configured to pump air into the liquid storage portion so as to push out a volume of the liquid aerosol-forming substrate from the liquid storage portion and to supply the volume of the liquid aerosol-forming substrate to the vaporizer. A method for generating an aerosol may be performed with the system.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for controlling dosing of an electronic smoking device. An electronic smoking device comprises a body through which a flow path at least partially extends, an air inlet in the body that is fluidly connected to the flow path, a liquid compartment for storing a liquid within the body, a vaporizer positioned in the body and configured to receive liquid from the liquid compartment and air from the flow path to generate vaporized liquid, an outlet in the body configured to receive vaporized liquid from the vaporizer, and circuitry connected to the vaporizer and configured to control dosage of vaporized liquid. A method for controlling dosage in an electronic smoking device comprises sensing an airflow, releasing a liquid into the airflow, activating a vaporizer to generate vaporized liquid, and controlling flow of airflow, liquid or vaporized liquid to control dosage.

Abstract: A smoking article may include a cigarette incorporated within an electrically powered aerosol generating device that acts as a holder for that cigarette. The smoking article possesses at least one form of tobacco. The smoking article also possesses a mouth-end piece that is used by the smoker to inhale components of tobacco that are generated by the action of heat upon components of the cigarette. A representative smoking article possesses an outer housing incorporating a source of electrical power (e.g., a battery), a sensing mechanism for powering the device at least during periods of draw, and a heating device (e.g., at least one electrical resistance heating element) for forming a thermally generated aerosol that incorporates components of tobacco. During use, the cigarette is positioned within the device, and after use, the used cigarette is removed from the device and replaced with another cigarette.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a PCB fixing structure. The PCB fixing structure includes a housing, a PCB accommodated in the housing, and a top cap covering the housing. The housing has a side wall provided with at least two protrusion portions. The protrusion portion defines a connecting hole. The PCB defines at least two first through holes. The top cap defines at least two second through holes. The PCB fixing structure further includes at least two connecting pieces. Each of the connecting pieces is configured to pass through one of the second through holes, one of the first through holes and one of the connecting holes in sequence so as to fix the top cap and the PCB to the housing. The present disclosure further provides an electronic cigarette including the PCB fixing structure and a fixing structure for a PCBA control board of an electronic cigarette.

Abstract: This non-combustion-type flavor inhaler is provided with: a housing having a housing cavity; an atomizer that atomizes an aerosol source without combustion; a control unit that controls at least the atomizer; a sensor that detects a change in the internal pressure in the housing cavity; a first structure that causes a change in the internal pressure in the housing cavity as a result of a suction action or a blowing action; and a second structure that causes a change in the internal pressure in the housing cavity as a result of a predetermined action other than the suction and blowing actions. The first structure comprises a mouthpiece opening provided at a mouthpiece end of the housing. The control unit performs atomization control to initiate or terminate atomization of the aerosol source on the basis of at least the suction action. The control unit performs predetermined control other than the atomization control on the basis of the predetermined action.

Abstract: An electronic cigarette includes: a connecting holder, an atomizing cap, an atomizing holder and a heating wire; wherein the connecting holder is connected to one end of the atomizing cap, and the atomizing holder is inserted into the other end of the atomizing cap, the heating wire is arranged in the atomizing holder, the connecting holder includes an air inlet slot, a predetermined spacing is arranged between the atomizing holder and the atomizing cap, and side walls of the atomizing holder and the atomizing cap both have a through hole for tobacco oil to flow into and contact the heating wire.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a shirt having reduced ride despite the significant activity of the wearer that includes a sleeve having a gusset and the back of the shirt is a yokeless back, i.e., free of a horizontal seam crossing the back slightly below the neck line, and the fabric of the shirt is a bi-stretch woven fabric.

Abstract: Heated socks used to keep a wearer's feet and toes warm. The heated socks include pockets for oxygen-activated chemical heating pouches which generate heat when exposed to air and via friction caused by the wearer when walking, jumping, or other activities and distributed through the sock from toe to ankle to heel. The heated socks are provided with extra cushioning on the bottom of the feet to aid in comfort for the wearer. The heated socks also keep the feet dry from moisture and perspiration.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a support for people with distended abdominal areas such as, but not limited to, individuals who are overweight or pregnant. Further, the support apparatus may be used by people suffering from back problems, as the raised area surrounding the opening in the support raises the pelvis and is intended to remove pressure from the lumbar spine and other areas of a person's midsection. A band or cloth may further be positioned over a portion of the support such that additional support or comfort may be provided to a user.

Abstract: An article of clothing, in particular an article of work clothing, to be worn on the body has a trigger device. The trigger device comprises an electric trigger which has an actuation side facing away from the body, and a rigid protective element for the trigger, which at least partly laterally surrounds the trigger. In a side view of the trigger device the protective element extends at least up to the actuation side of the trigger facing away from the body in its trigger position. Furthermore, a method for manufacturing a glove and a glove set are shown.

Abstract: An article of apparel is disclosed. The article of apparel has a first portion that extends in a longitudinal direction of the article of apparel and a second portion that extends in the longitudinal direction. The second portion is attached to the first portion. The second portion is more expandable than the first portion. The second portion is expandable in both the longitudinal direction and in a transverse direction that is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The second portion is more expandable in the longitudinal direction in which the first portion and the second portion extend than in the transverse direction that is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A hand warmer is disclosed herein. The hand warmer has a central pocket defined by a cylindrical housing and a sealing member proximate an anterior end of the housing, wherein the sealing member is configured switch positions from a closed position to an open position with an application of a pulling or pushing force by the user in a direction parallel an arm of the user. A method of warming a user's hands is also provided.

Abstract: An article of clothing that is engineered to be configured, when worn, in a variety of styles, depending on the desired fit on the part of an individual. One feature of the article of the present invention provides for a wraparound/sarong that is capable of being configured in at least four different variations, with each variation being distinctive in how the extreme ends of the sleeves are united and the location of where each united ends are positioned.

Abstract: A training glove and a method for teaching proper hand, wrist, and finger orientations to efficiently perform a sugaring process for hair removal. A glove assists the technician in maintaining the proper finger positions for the application and removal of a sugar paste. In one example a glove has openings for the thumb and forefinger, and insert guides for bent finger positioning of the little finger, a ring finger, and a middle finger. In other examples, individual finger inserts are provided on the palm side of the fingers. In other examples, a single insert form is provided to position all three fingers- the middle finger, the ring finger, and the little finger. The finger inserts position the fingers so that the outside tips of the middle finger, ring finger, and little finger are properly aligned to apply an appropriate pressure to the skin in a sugaring application.

Abstract: The method comprises of placing the palm side of a glove mold facing up, and raising the fingers portion of glove mold up, in such a way that the glove mold is tilting up at 15°-45° in relative to horizontal position. The first pouring process is carried out by pouring silica gel liquid on the fingers portion of glove mold. Then adjust the glove mold to horizontal position, and rotate the glove mold by using its length as axis. Continue pouring silica gel liquid on the glove mold surface to carry out second pouring process. Let the silica gel liquid to be coated on the whole glove mold surface forming a semi-finished glove. Upon completion, let the glove mold to go through a dripping procedure for dripping treatment. After the dripping treatment, carry out vulcanization and cooling to obtain the corresponding silica gel glove.

Abstract: A wearable device is provided which redirects perspiration away from a user's hands, feet and other extremities. The device may be fashioned as a band which is equipped with a channel structure extending around the entire surface of the band. The channel structure includes a channel base and a channel lip. The channel structure forms a perspiration channel with a flared lip. The channel base has a first thickness Tc at a central portion thereof, and a second thickness Te at end portions thereof, wherein Te<Tc. The channel base slopes from the central portion downward toward the end portions thereof, transitioning from the first thickness Tc to the second thickness Te. In some embodiments, the device is equipped with at least one pointed tip which directs the flow of perspiration away from the user's extremities. In some embodiments, when the device is not being used as a perspiration deflector, it may be used as a flying toy which can be thrown and caught.

Abstract: An evaporative neck cooling device made from a plurality of separate circular fabric bands that are stacked one on top of another and are held together by a pair of fabric clasps that are each tied together in a nail knot at opposite sides of the stacked plurality of circular fabric bands, thereby providing a smooth wearable evaporative cooling device, and wherein the separate circular fabric bands provide increased surface area to enhance evaporation yet also cover one another to slow evaporation such that when the separate fabric bands jostle around one another on the user's neck, they permit different bands be exposed to the ambient air and different bands be covered by other bands at different times.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the device includes a first contoured portion, a second contoured portion, a nose, a hoop, and an ornamental extension, a first end of the first contoured portion and a first end of the second contoured portion being continuous with the nose, a second end of the first contoured portion and a second end of the second contoured portion being continuous with the hoop, the ornamental extension extending from the nose, the first contoured portion configured for receiving a first portion of a tie, the second contoured portion configured for receiving a second portion of the tie, the nose configured to buttress a third portion of the tie, the hoop configured to buttress a fourth portion of the tie, the ornamental extension configured to descend between two portions of the tie.

Abstract: An apparel having a portion of the apparel visually resembling a natural habitat of a living thing such as animals, birds, plants etc. includes one or more recess portions made on the apparel. The recess portion is in shape of a pocket of the apparel and can receive a toy living thing completely or in part. The apparel further includes a visual representation of the natural habitat of the toy living thing provided on and around the recess portion. The recess portion provided on the apparel forms a part of the natural habitat of the toy living thing. The placement of the toy living thing, by at least in part, inside the recess portion and movement of the toy living thing into and out of the recess portion resembles activities of the particular living thing in its natural habitat.

Abstract: This invention relates to a hook and eye fastener (1, 101, 201) for securing two straps (15, 27) of an item of clothing such as a brassiere together. The hook part (3, 103, 203) is a substantially flat body (7) mounted on the face of one strap (15) and the eye part (5, 105, 205) is a substantially flat frame (21) mounted on the face of the other strap (27). The hook part comprises an arm (9) extending outwardly therefrom and the frame defines an open mouth (23) dimensioned to receive the arm of the hook part. The hook part and the eye part are configured to provide a fastener having a thickness of between 4 mm and 5 mm in total and that is relatively simple to engage and positively disengage.

Abstract: A wig base having a surface portion to which artificial hairs will be planted, an outer frame in which a first string shaped member to which artificial hairs will be planted is placed apart from at least a part of the surface portion, a middle portion in which a second string shaped member to which artificial hairs will be planted is placed in a waveform having apexes located at the surface portion side and at the outer frame side between the surface portion and the outer frame, wherein apexes of the wave-formed second string shaped member at the surface portion side and the surface portion are fixed together, wherein at least at the apexes of the second string shaped member at the outer frame side, the first and second string shaped members are connected such that a relative position of the first and second string shaped members may change.

Abstract: A method of integrating a hair extension weft on a human scalp is disclosed. The hair extension weft includes a polyurethane strip enclosing a plurality of meshes arranged in a longitudinal direction of the strip. Each mesh is configured to have a plurality of contiguous hairs attached in a transverse orientation. The hair extension weft includes several gaps formed between the plurality of meshes in the longitudinal direction. Each gap is configured to receive a plurality of hairs from the human scalp. Upon clipping the hair extension weft to the human scalp, the plurality of hairs is pulled through each gap with a needle shaped tool placed under the each gap of the hair extension weft. A microbead is clamped to the plurality of hairs pulled through the each gap, to anchor the hair extension weft to the human scalp.

Abstract: A mask for protecting a head with a face having a nose, mouth, and chin. The mask includes a mask module. The mask module includes an exterior surface and an interior surface. The mask module is sized and shaped to cover a portion of the face. A head module engages the mask module. The head module is configured to engage at least a portion of a user's head.

Abstract: A hat may include a crown, a brim or visor removably attached to the crown, and a strap looping the crown over the brim or visor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to articles of manufacture having a formulation distributed therein, wherein the formulation comprises an active agent which manifests a desirable property when released from the articles of manufacture. The present invention also relates to methods for manufacturing these articles of manufacture, to vehicles for applying the formulation to these articles of manufacture, and to perception indicators indicating the presence and the amount of formulation comprising an active agent applied to an article of manufacture.

Abstract: Provided is footwear that can simplify joining operation and reduce the time of the operation when a knitted fabric is formed into a three-dimensional shape. There is presupposed footwear obtained by forming a knitted fabric knitted with a flat knitting machine into a three-dimensional shape by joining left and right extended ends of a shoe tongue part and both the left and right positions of a sole in a front end portion of a main part. The footwear includes insertion pieces extended outward in a left-right direction from the left and right extended ends of the shoe tongue part, and insertion holes that linearly extend from both the left and right positions of the sole in the front end portion of the main part toward a heel part side, receive the insertion pieces inserted thereinto, and temporarily retain the insertion pieces.

Abstract: The system of the present application includes a battery structure, a control board, a charging port, a switch, and a light. The battery structure is configured to provide a source of power to illuminate the light. The switch controls the passage of power to the lights and is configured to optionally regulate a pattern of illumination. The charging port is configured to allow for the recharging of the battery structure. The control board is configured to regulate the communication of the switch to the light. The system is configured to provide a method of illuminating an area about the user. The system permits for the selective recharging of the power supply. The system is configured to permit optional remote control capabilities to allow a user to adjust, manipulate, and control one or more features of the lighting system from a device remote from the shoe.

Abstract: An article of apparel, a system, and methods include a structural material configured to enable the article of footwear to the worn on a body. A wireless transmission circuit is included and a piezoelectric generator is positioned with respect to the structural material in a configuration to be flexed to induce a voltage signal output. A voltage sensor is configured to sense the voltage profile and output a sensor signal indicative of the voltage profile. An electronic data storage, coupled to the voltage sensor, is configured to store voltage profile information based on the sensor data. A comparator, coupled to the electronic data storage, is configured to identify a change in the voltage profile information over time. The wireless transmission circuit is configured to transmit data indicative of a physical status of the article of footwear based on the change in the voltage profile information over time.

Abstract: A kinetic energy generator, system and method of transmitting data are described. The kinetic energy generator includes a piezoelectric element that receives kinetic energy initiated by a user, a rectifier connected with the piezoelectric element that rectifies voltage from the piezoelectric element, a capacitive system of capacitors formed from different materials connected with the piezoelectric element through the rectifier, a short-range transceiver connected with the capacitive system and activated in response to energy storage in the capacitive system reaching a threshold level, and a non-volatile memory that provides at least some of the data transmitted by the transceiver in response to a request from the transceiver. Below an inflection point, the capacitive system stores more energy than one system of one capacitor type and less energy than another system of another capacitor type arranged in the same manner as the capacitive system, and the reverse above the inflection point.

Abstract: A convertible shoe may include a sole portion and a plurality of interchangeable heel portions, each selectively attachable to the sole portion. The heel portions may each include a mounting surface configured to interface with a heel receiver of the sole, such that mounting the heel causes a support shank of the shoe to be secured in a longitudinal position relative to the sole.

Abstract: An improved bicycle shoe to pedal cleat shim comprises a shim body with mating faces on opposite sides of the shim body, each for mating with another surface, each mating face having two or more shim to shim keying features. There is also a cleat with two or more cleat to shim keying features. There is also a mounting screw with a convex curved seating face and a washer with a substantially matching mating concave curved seating face. The screw has one or more grooves incrementally cut along the length of the thread. The shim has thickness marks adjacent to the screw relief pocket on the shim. There is also a cleat with the cleat to shoe/shim mating face having one or more friction inducing pads that comprise a pocket to allow space for friction material to flow when the cleat is mated to the shoe, shim or another shim.

Abstract: Ground-engaging components for articles of footwear include: (a) an outer perimeter boundary rim that at least partially defines an outer perimeter of the ground-engaging component, wherein the outer perimeter boundary rim defines an upper-facing surface and a ground-facing surface opposite the upper-facing surface, wherein the outer perimeter boundary rim defines an open space at least at a forefoot support area of the ground-engaging component; and (b) a matrix structure extending from the outer perimeter boundary rim (e.g., the ground-facing surface and/or the upper-facing surface) and across the open space at least at the forefoot support area to define an open cellular construction with plural open cells across the open space at least at the forefoot support area, wherein a plurality (e.g., at least a majority) of the open cells have curved perimeters with no distinct corners.

Abstract: Ground-engaging components for articles of footwear include: (a) an outer perimeter boundary rim that at least partially defines an outer perimeter of the ground-engaging component, wherein the outer perimeter boundary rim defines an open space at least at a forefoot support area of the ground-engaging component, wherein the outer perimeter boundary rim is shaped such that the outer perimeter of the ground-engaging component tapers or curves inward moving from a forefoot support area to an arch support area, and wherein a narrowest dimension from a lateral side edge to a medial side edge of the outer perimeter boundary rim (across the open space) is located in a heel support area of the ground-engaging component; and (b) a support structure extending into or at least partially across the open space. The ground-engaging component may have a narrower width dimension in a central heel or rear heel support area than in the arch support area.

Abstract: A heel structure for an article of footwear protrudes rearward from a heel region of an article of footwear in a direction generally aligned with the longitudinal orientation of the footwear article.

Abstract: An article of footwear includes a sole structure and an upper that is attached to the sole structure. The upper defines a cavity that is configured to receive a foot of a wearer. The upper is at least partially defined by a textile. The textile includes a first area that is substantially smooth. The first area defines a reference boundary that conforms to the cavity. The textile includes a second area. The second area includes a plurality of projection structures that project away from the reference boundary and outwardly from the cavity at varying heights. The second area includes a plurality of recess structures that recess away from the reference boundary and inwardly toward the cavity. The plurality of projection structures and the plurality of recess structures are in an alternating arrangement across the textile.

Abstract: An article that may be a wearable article includes a body having a first secured member and a second secured member, one securing member and a power modulator. The securing member is formed of a shape-memory material that is reactive to an energy source. A first end of the securing member engages the first secured member and a second end of the securing member engages the second secured member. The securing member is operable between a starting configuration and a deformed configuration to change relative positions of the first secured member and the second secured member. A power modulator is operable for imparting the securing member with the energy source in order to operate the securing member from the deformed configuration to the starting configuration. A method for using the article is also provided.

Abstract: While purchasing shoes via an online shopping store, a user may use a foot measuring machine according to the invention to automatically download and print an insole which is adapted to the particular user's foot dimensions as well as the particular shoe which is being bought. Hence, a different insole is printed for every different user foot and shoe combination. This enables the user to try out the insole (or insoles for both feet) and make out an idea of the adaptability of the particular shoe to their feet. The foot measuring machine with a user interface facilitates the user the virtual purchase of shoes, generating an insole of the shoe it wants to purchase, so that the user can print the insole of the selected shoe and try it out by super-posing the foot on the insole outline.

Abstract: A pressing fixture includes discrete pieces that may be used in the manufacture of an article of footwear. The pressing fixture may include alignment features which align a partially completed article with a sole. The pressing fixture may be pressed into the sole thereby aligning the partially completed article with the sole.

Abstract: A warming rack for holding footwear includes a base and an array of support posts supported by the base. The base defines a length extending between a first end and a second end and a width between a pair of opposing side edges. The array of support posts is configured to retain multiple articles of footwear above the base. Each support posts includes a first portion extending from a proximal end in a first direction substantially perpendicular to the base to a bend line, and a second portion extending at an angle relative to the first direction from the bend line to a terminal end. The second portion is configured to retain a corresponding article of footwear in a fixed position when the second portion is received by an interior void of the footwear.

Abstract: The invention provides a connection structure including: a first subassembly and a second subassembly each including a first side edge. A first tubular body and a second tubular body are fixedly connected to the first side edge of the first subassembly, and a third tubular body is fixedly connected to the first side edge of the second subassembly; a gap is disposed between the first tubular body and the second tubular body and is configured to accommodate the third tubular body. The connection structure of the invention has a simple and rational design, low production cost, and is easy to assemble and disassemble. The assembly and disassembly of the connection structure can be achieved using conventional tools, without the involvement of operations from professionals, and the connection is highly efficient. The connection structure is particularly practicable for manufacturing different components of jewelry.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a round gemstone having a hearts and arrows pattern of ten hearts and arrows. The gemstone comprises a girdle, a crown and a pavilion. The crown comprises a table, ten star facets surrounding the table, ten crown main facets with each aligned between two adjacent star facets, twenty crown half facets forming ten pairs of crown half facets, with each pair of the crown half facets aligned between two adjacent crown main facets, and ten crown middle half facet, with each crown middle half facet aligned between two crown half facets. The pavilion is provided with ten pavilion main facets, and twenty lower girdle facets forming ten pairs of lower girdle facets, with each pair of the lower girdle facets aligned between two adjacent pavilion main facets. A method of cutting the round gemstone is also disclosed.

Abstract: A hiking staff with bow attachment for improving balance to avoid injury by ensuring smooth and efficient energy transfer throughout a complete stride forward. The bow attachment comprises a curved member for maintaining continuous high surface area impacts with ground surfaces and contact points for penetrating ground surfaces to help stabilize the curved member during use. A connecting portion removably joins the bow attachment to the lower section of the staff portion. The hiking staff may be adapted for a specialized outdoor use such as rock climbing or mountaineering and indoor versions are useful as walking assistants for the handicapped, injured or elderly. Lastly, tool attachments secure to either end of the staff portion and transform the hiking staff into a multi-tool system.

Abstract: A solar-powered umbrella has a cap structure that is connected by hinges to struts. The struts are relatively rigid and positioned above the umbrella shade and house solar panels. When the umbrella is opened and closed, the struts rotate via the hinges from an open to closed position. When the solar panels are exposed to the sun, light is converted to electrical energy to charge a rechargeable battery. The battery supplies power to one or more USB ports. A user can recharge an electronic device (e.g., smartphone or tablet computer) by connecting to a port of the umbrella using a cable.

Abstract: A secure personal wearable carrier for valuable items is disclosed. The wearable carrier includes a secure compartment for valuable item storage to be worn by users during their common activities, including physical exercises. The carrier is constructed to maintain the security and safety of the valuable item while withstanding strenuous activity.

Abstract: A luggage with a foldable structure between a conformation of reduced volume suitable for the stowage and a developed conformation with a volume suitable for use. The luggage has an access face and a bottom opposite to the access face. The bottom is bordered by four side faces. At least one of the two side faces is associated at least one stiffening panel, that is configured to swivel towards the bottom of the luggage. A third side face has a foldable structure lockable by a side locking device.

Abstract: A backpack includes a backpack portion defining an interior compartment and a sleeve. The sleeve defines an interior cavity configured to receive a laptop therein and a storage compartment configured to receive the backpack portion therein. The sleeve is coupled to an inner surface of the backpack portion. The backpack includes a first configuration and a second configuration, wherein in the first configuration the sleeve is disposed within the interior compartment of the backpack portion, and in the second configuration the backpack portion is disposed within the storage compartment of the sleeve.

Abstract: A rugged suitcase and child carrier combination. The shell comprises a top half and bottom half each defining a hollow cavity. A foldable seat assembly is suspended in an opening defined by open halves of the shell, and various paraphernalia such as toys, bottles, entertainment devices, blankets, clothing, and food stuffs, among others, may be stowed in the hollow cavity defined by either of the top and bottom halves of the hinged shell. A plurality of wheels may be disposed on the bottom half of the device, and a telescoping handle may be disposed on an upper end of the top half of the shell to enable steering the device. The entire combination may be securably collapsed so that the seat assembly, as well as any stowed paraphernalia, is fully and securely encapsulated within the shell which may optionally be conveyed as a rolling suitcase.

Abstract: A cooler bag with a detachable liner and a liner base can be used as a carry bag when the liner is detached. The liner is attached to a base, which has short side walls at each end of the side of the base.