Abstract: The present invention relates to a filtering panel (100) for a disk filter and a disk filter for water purification, comprising a metal filter cloth (16, 116) such as a stainless steel filter cloth, pre-tensioned in both warp and weft directions and fastened to a frame (10, 110) comprising a peripheral portion (11, 111), which is integral with an inner grillwork (12) and which divides the inner area of the peripheral portion (11, 111) into fields (15, 115). The frame (10, 110) comprises a plastic material reinforced with glass fibers or carbon fibres such as polypropylene loaded with fibreglass in an amount of at least 20 weight percent. Each field of the grillwork (12, 112) has an area not exceeding 10% of the inner area of the peripheral portion (11, 111). The pre-tensioning of the filter cloth (16, 116) in both directions is from at least 20% of the yield stress of the cloth (16, 116).

Abstract: A system for filtering water in a spa that provides safety and greater filtration. The system may include a filter secured to a core. The core may include first and second cages with a plurality of openings allowing water to freely pass through the filter and core while preventing larger objects from passing through. The first cage may provide an orientation feature to position the filter in one direction. The second cage may hold mineral cartridges. The core may be secured to a fitting that is secured to the suction line of a spa via a ratchet like engagement feature. The fitting and core prevent back out of the core unless manually overriding the arm on the core which engages fins on the fitting. The filter may be removed and replaced while the core remains in place providing safety to the user. A cap secures the whole assembly into place.

Abstract: A filter device is provided with an impeding member that impedes a flow of a fluid in a hollow portion of a filter element or a hollow portion of an outflow portion that communicates the hollow portion of the filter element and an exterior of a filter case. Further, a lid member that covers an upper end of the filter case includes an external flow path that communicates the hollow portion of the filter element to the exterior of the filter case.

Abstract: An air venting device for a filter includes a flow path, a frame, a flexible element, a movable element, and a slab. The flow path includes a first flow path end and an opposite second flow path end, and is adapted to allow a fluid to flow through the air venting device. The frame is located in the second end of the flow path. The flexible element and the movable element are located in the frame in a manner such that one end of the flexible element is attached to the first end of the frame and second end of the flexible element is attached to the movable element. The slab is located in the second end of the frame in a manner such that the movable element abuts the slab.

Abstract: Membranes, methods of making the membranes, and methods of using the membranes are described herein. The membranes can comprise a gas permeable support layer, optionally an inorganic layer disposed on the support, and a selective polymer layer disposed on the inorganic layer. In some cases, the selective polymer layer can comprise an amine-containing polymer and an amino acid salt dispersed within the amine-containing polymer. In other cases, the selective polymer layer comprises a sterically hindered amine-containing polymer, such as a sterically hindered derivative of polyvinylamine. The membranes can be used, for example, to separate gaseous mixtures, such as flue gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a motor vehicle having a water tank (10) with a first inner chamber (23) for separating and conducting away water from a first air flow (15) flowing through the first inner chamber (23). The water tank (10) is designed as a heat exchanger, comprising a heat exchanger element (20) for transferring thermal energy between the first air flow (15) and a second air flow (50). At least one guide structure (8) is provided for guiding the second air flow to the heat exchange element (20) in a targeted manner. In addition, at least one control element (34) is provided, with which the transfer of the thermal energy between the first air flow (15) and the second air flow (50) can be enabled in a first operating state, and can be at least partially inhibited in a second operating state.

Abstract: A rotor-type apparatus for centrifugal cleaning of crankcase gases from a combustion engine. The rotor is hydraulically driven by pressurized oil by means of a turbine wheel located in an oil collection chamber. A pressure equalizing and gas discharging conduit, which extends into the collection chamber and has an upper aperture located above a liquid level of the oil in the collection chamber during the operation, is connected to an outlet conduit for the propellant oil from the collection chamber.

Abstract: Process and apparatus capable to remove particles from a fluid stream (such as air or water) and directly convert the removed particles into a solid compact format commonly known as briquettes in a standalone combined single unit operation. The outlined process and equipment operates without the need for rotary valve technology and uses air versus hydraulics offering a cost competitive equipment solution for the end user. Active processes within the apparatus actively control the dust thereby allowing a variety of particles to be processes irrespective of moisture content and surface adhesive characteristics. Having the low-cost capability to convert explosive air/dust mixtures into briquettes significantly enhances safety and also reduces the associated manhandling effort required with disposing of collected dust with many briquettes typically having 100-500× the density of the incoming particles.

Abstract: Provided is a filter frame, including: a rectangular base part including plural engaging holes formed each side thereof; an extension portion extending outward from each of the sides and including plural engagement projections corresponding to the plural engaging holes; a termination portion formed at an end of the extension portion and including a bent portion; and a hinge coupling each extension portion with the rectangular base part, wherein the rectangular base part, the extension portions, the termination portions, and the hinges are formed integrally, wherein the rectangular base part allow a rectangular dust proof filter to be placed thereon, wherein the extension portions are bent at right angles to the rectangular base part, and then the extension portions are engaged with the rectangular base part so as to clamp the dust proof filter, and wherein the termination portions are elastically deformed and fixed to inner walls of a duct.

Abstract: A filter housing adapted to be mounted in an air ventilation system, which filter housing has: an upstream air entrance opening defined by an air entrance opening frame, a downstream air exit opening defined by an air exit opening frame and located opposite of the air entrance opening, a rear wall extending between and attached with the air entrance opening frame and the air exit opening frame, a front opening opposite to the rear wall, the front opening being defined by a front opening frame, and a cover sealing the front opening when the cover is closed; a movable filter holder arranged within the housing and arranged to receive a filter through the front opening; and two clamping mechanisms arranged at opposite first and second walls of the housing, which first and second walls extend between the entrance opening frame and the exit opening frame, each clamping mechanism being connected with the filter holder to clamp the filter in a clamped position.

Abstract: A high or ultra high performance liquid chromatography pump has a plunger rod extending in an axial direction into a pump chamber through a plunger passage. The plunger rod is reciprocally movable in the axial direction into the pump chamber and back. An outlet channel extends through the pump head between an outlet port and the pump chamber and an inlet channel extends through the pump head between an inlet port and the pump chamber. The pump head has a pump head block and a pressure sensor body. A tubular portion of the pump head block projects into the pressure sensor body. The outlet channel has at least one diversion conduit portion at least partially bounded by the tubular portion of the pump head block, the diversion conduit portion of the outlet channel extending from said pump chamber in said axial direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filter bag (1) for pocket air filters having two abutting side parts (2, 3) which are made of an air-permeable filter material that is weldable by ultrasound. The side parts (2, 3) are continuously welded to one another in side edge portions (4) on three sides (5, 6, 7) of the side parts (2, 3), so that, by way of the two side parts (2, 3) welded together, a pocket (8) having two opposite side edges (9, 10), a bottom edge (11) and an opening (12) opposite said bottom edge (11) is formed. Several webs (13) made from a flexible material web (14) are formed in the pocket (8). The webs (13) connect the side parts (2, 3) to one another and are orientated from an opening side (15) of the filter bag (1) in the direction of the bottom edge (11). The flexible material web (14) is alternately connected—at least in portions—to one of the side parts (2, 3) in each case in weld portions (16).

Abstract: A method for forming a plugged honeycomb article includes feeding a ceramic precursor material through an extrusion die, the extrusion die having a plurality of pins, a plurality of cavities bounded by adjacent pins, and alternating end-faces of the plurality of pins include extensions extending from an outlet of the extrusion die in an extrusion direction. The method further includes extruding the ceramic precursor material through the extrusion die to form a web structure comprising a plurality of cell walls and channels bounded by adjacent cell walls, supporting the web structure that has been extruded through the extrusion die, and providing movement between the extrusion die and the web structure in at least one direction substantially orthogonal to the extrusion direction while the extensions are positioned in at least a portion of the channels.

Abstract: A filter medium includes a first porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, a first air-permeable support member, a second porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, and a second air-permeable support member. A surface of the filter medium is formed by the first porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane. A bond strength, as measured by a 180° peel test, between the first porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane and the first air-permeable support member is higher than 1.2 N/25 mm and higher than a bond strength, as measured by the 180° peel test, between the first air-permeable support member and the second porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wet air purifier that eliminates contaminants while contaminated air passes therethrough by causing the contaminated air to come into contact with water. The wet air purifier suctions external air by rotating a rotary fan installed therein and disperses water droplets by causing water to collide with a rotary fan to increase a contact surface between air and water. In the wet air purifier, a mixture of the contaminated external air and the water is made to pass through a long narrow passage and guided to a storage tank in which contaminants are settled. In this way, the wet air purifier increases a retention time and a collision time of water and contaminated air. The wet air purifier also can function as a humidifier.

Abstract: A purification column is provided in which fluid is purified by flow through a purifying component. The column includes an annular wall defining a bore which, in use, contains the purifying component. The column further includes an inlet port to the bore comprising a first aperture through the annular wall, the inlet port being adjacent one end of the column. The column further includes an outlet port from the bore comprising a second aperture through the annular wall, the outlet port being adjacent the same end of the column as the inlet port. The column further includes a flow guidance device within the bore and removably connected to the inlet and outlet ports for guiding the fluid to the purifying component from the inlet port and for guiding the fluid from the purifying component to the outlet port. The flow guidance device maintains separation of the fluid flows to and from the purifying component.

Abstract: A cylindrical air cleaner for an internal combustion engine comprises: a cylindrical housing including a circumferential wall having an inlet, a top wall having an outlet, and a bottom wall opposed to the top wall; and a tubular filter element accommodated in the housing. A planar adsorbent filter to adsorb evaporated fuel of the internal combustion engine is located at an inner side of the filter element and extends in an axial direction of the filter element. The adsorbent filter includes a basal end portion fixed to an inner surface of the bottom wall. An inner surface of the filter element is spaced apart from each of opposite planes of the adsorbent filter by a gap that allows air to reach the outlet without passing through the adsorbent filter.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the disclosure are directed to an air treatment system, and corresponding methodology, for at least partially removing at least one gaseous contaminant contained in indoor air of a room structured for human occupants. In some embodiments, the system may comprise an air treatment assembly having an indoor air inlet configured to receive indoor airflow directly from a room, a regenerable adsorbent material configured to adsorb at least one gaseous contaminant contained in the indoor airflow, at least one airflow element for directing the indoor airflow to flow through the air treatment assembly, an indoor air outlet for expelling the indoor air, from the air treatment assembly back into the room, a purge air inlet configured to receive and direct purge air from the room over and/or through the adsorbent material for removal of at least a portion of the at least one gaseous contaminant, and a purge air outlet for expelling the purge air out of the air treatment assembly.

Abstract: Even in the case where a gas contains water, a decrease in absorption efficiency of carbon dioxide contained in the gas is suppressed. A carbon dioxide absorbent material (10) absorbs carbon dioxide contained in a gas and contains a tetravalent lithium silicate that exhibits water solubility.

Abstract: A system and method for sulfur contaminate removal from hydrocarbon liquids and gases.

Abstract: A flue gas mixing apparatus includes gas mixers, wherein the gas mixers have a gas flow channel, one of parallel two faces of a cuboid space being set as a gas flow-in face, the other thereof being set as a gas flow-out face, and in the gas flow channel, each of the gas flow-in face and the gas flow-out face is segmented into at least four regions which have same symmetric areas by straight lines passing through a center of each face, and a gas flow channel partition plate which introduces the combustion flue gas caused to flow in each of the regions of the gas flow-in face into each of the regions of the gas flow-out face at positions at which the regions are shifted one-by-one around a line segment connecting the centers of the gas flow-in face and the gas flow-out face is included.

Abstract: Catalysts having a blend of platinum on a support with low ammonia storage with a Cu-SCR catalyst or an Fe-SCR catalyst are disclosed. The catalysts can also contain one or two additional SCR catalysts. The catalysts can be present in one of various configurations. Catalytic articles containing these catalysts are disclosed. The catalytic articles are useful for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx in exhaust gases and in reducing the amount of ammonia slip. Methods for producing such articles are described. Methods of using the catalytic articles in an SCR process, where the amount of ammonia slip is reduced, are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate, wherein the lithium hydroxide and the lithium carbonate can be produced by a series of steps of: performing bipolar electrodialysis of a lithium-containing solution from which divalent ion impurities have been removed; concentrating lithium in the lithium-containing solution and at the same time, converting the lithium to lithium hydroxide; and carbonating the lithium hydroxide to obtain lithium carbonate.

Abstract: A forward osmosis process for concentration of lithium-containing salt solutions is described. A difference in osmotic pressure between a lithium-containing salt solution and a second salt solution of higher osmotic pressure is used as a driving force to pass water through a semi-permeable forward osmosis membrane from said lithium-containing salt solution of lower osmotic pressure to the salt solution of higher osmotic pressure. Also, a two-part operation is described wherein reverse osmosis process technology and forward osmosis process technology are used in tandem to concentrate lithium-containing salt solutions and to recover water that can be recycled to the process. The forward osmosis process is conducted without requiring (i) use of superatmospheric pressure or (ii) use of subatmospheric pressure or (iii) use of both such pressures, or (iv) use of one or more additives to assist in causing the flow of water through a forward osmosis membrane.

Abstract: Provided is an adsorptive liquid filter including: a support tube having a hollow portion formed in a tubular shape and having a plurality of throughholes penetrating the hollow portion from an outer circumferential surface thereof; and an adsorptive membrane which is enclosed by the outer circumferential surface of the support tube and adsorbs foreign substances contained in contaminated liquid, the adsorption membrane including: a support member having a plurality of first pores; and a first adsorptive member which is stacked on the support member and has a plurality of second pores formed therein and is made by accumulating ion exchange nanofibers for adsorbing foreign substances.

Abstract: A separator element for obtaining molecular and/or particulate separation by tangential flow of a fluid medium for treatment into a filtrate and a retentate, the element comprising a structure (2) of at least two porous rigid columns (3) made of the same material, positioned side by side to define outside their outside walls a volume (4) for recovering the filtrate, each column (3) presenting internally at least one open structure (5) for passing a flow of the fluid medium, opening out in one of the ends of the porous column for inlet of the fluid medium for treatment and in the other end for outlet of the retentate. The element is a single-piece rigid structure (2) made as a single piece that is uniform and continuous throughout, without any bonds or exogenous additions.

Abstract: A separator element comprising a porous rigid single-piece substrate (2) made of a single porous material, and including internally at least one channel (3) for passing a flow of the fluid medium, which channel opens out in one end of the porous substrate for inlet of the fluid medium for treatment and in another end of the porous substrate for outlet of the retentate. At least one empty space (10) is arranged in the porous substrate so as to be surrounded by a portion of the material constituting the single-piece substrate (2) either completely so as to form a closed cavity or partially so as to form a cavity (101) that opens out locally through the peripheral envelope (22) of the substrate via a passage (102) of section smaller than the section of the cavity (101).

Abstract: A membrane filtration system, capable of effectively removing foreign matter attached to a separation membrane while saving energy by reciprocating the separation membrane, includes a treatment bath, a membrane support frame disposed in the treatment bath, a separation membrane module installed in the membrane support frame, a reciprocating part connected with the membrane support frame to reciprocate the membrane support frame, and a sludge floating part disposed on a lower end of the membrane support frame to float sludge accumulated in the treatment bath. The separation membrane module includes an upper frame, a lower frame, and a hollow fiber membrane provided between the upper frame and the lower frame.

Abstract: A membrane filtration system, capable of effectively removing foreign matter attached to a separation membrane while saving energy by reciprocating the separation membrane, includes a treatment bath, a membrane support frame disposed in the treatment bath, a separation membrane module installed in the membrane support frame, a reciprocating part connected with the membrane support frame to reciprocate the membrane support frame, and a sludge floating part disposed on a lower end of the membrane support frame to float sludge accumulated in the treatment bath, and a filtered-water discharge part discharging filtered water that has been filtered via the separation membrane module. The filtered-water discharge part is formed to be movable or stretchable in response to a reciprocating motion of the membrane support frame.

Abstract: A membrane filtration system, capable of effectively removing foreign matter attached to a separation membrane while saving energy by reciprocating the separation membrane, includes a treatment bath, a membrane support frame disposed in the treatment bath, a separation membrane module installed in the membrane support frame, a reciprocating part connected with the membrane support frame to reciprocate the membrane support frame, a sludge floating part disposed on a lower end of the membrane support frame to float sludge accumulated in the treatment bath, and a control part controlling a reciprocating distance or frequency of the separation membrane module.

Abstract: A membrane filtration system and a membrane bio reactor including the same are described. In an example, the membrane filtration system includes: a treatment tank; a membrane support frame disposed in the treatment tank and mounted with a filtration membrane; a reciprocating portion connected to the membrane support frame and reciprocating the membrane support frame; a sliding portion disposed in the treatment tank, connected to the reciprocating portion, and guiding a moving direction of the membrane support frame; and a sludge lifting portion flexibly disposed at a lower end of the membrane support frame to lift sludge accumulated at a lower part of the treatment tank.

Abstract: A membrane filtration system and a membrane bio reactor including the same are described. In an example, the membrane filtration system includes: a treatment tank; a membrane support frame disposed in the treatment tank and mounted with a separation membrane; a separation membrane module mounted on the membrane support frame; a vane member disposed at a lower end of the membrane support frame and provided to lift sludge accumulated at a lower part of the treatment tank; and a reciprocating portion connected to the membrane support frame and reciprocating the membrane support frame, in which the separation membrane module includes an upper frame and a lower frame and a hollow fiber membrane installed between the upper frame and the lower frame.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ion-exchange membrane that includes a molecular barrier for influencing permeation selectivity through the membrane. The membrane includes fluorinated carbon backbone chains and fluorinated side chains that extend off of the fluorinated carbon backbone chains. The fluorinated side chains include acid groups for ionic conductivity. The acid groups surround and define permeable domains that are free of the fluorinated carbon backbone chains. Molecular barriers are located in the permeable domains and influence permeability through the domains.

Abstract: One aspect of the disclosed is to provide a method of manufacturing a nanoporous multilayer graphene membrane, including a first step of oxidizing a surface of a multilayer graphene membrane, a second step of reducing the oxidized surface of the multilayer graphene to carry out reductive etching such that oxidized carbon atoms on the surface are naturally and randomly dispersed, and a third step of repeatedly performing a series of the first and the second steps until nanopores penetrating the multilayer graphene are formed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heparin-functionalized semi-permeable membrane comprising at least one layer of porous biocompatible polymer, and one layer of non-woven biocompatible polymer wherein said heparin is covalently bound to a layer on the surface of said porous biocompatible polymer.

Abstract: A hollow fiber membrane is disclosed that includes both a porous hollow fiber and a nonporous film coating. The hollow fiber membrane is suitable for use in solubilizing gases into liquids. This can include for example carbonation of an aqueous liquid by CO2 gas. Systems, methods, and devices are disclosed.

Abstract: A functionalized single-layer graphene-based thin film composite and method of producing the same are disclosed. Furthermore, a functionalized single-layer graphene-based thin film composite having water channels for low pressure desalination and method of producing the same are disclosed.

Abstract: The method for producing a gas separation composite membrane includes applying a mixed liquid containing compounds (a) and (b) below onto a porous support to form a coating film and curing the coating film to form a crosslinked polysiloxane compound layer: (a) a particular crosslinkable polysiloxane compound having a structural unit (a1), a structural unit (a2), and a structural unit (a3) or (a4), and (b) a particular crosslinkable polysiloxane compound having a structural unit (b1), a structural unit (b2), and a structural unit (b3) or (b4), where R1a to R1f and R2a to R2f represent a particular group and * represents a particular linking site.

Abstract: A device for generating a scented mist of an atomized liquid fragrance oil includes an atomizer complex, a reservoir assembly, a drainage tube, and a vacuum tube. The atomizer complex can atomize the liquid fragrance oil into a scented mist and deliver the scented mist to air outside of the atomizer complex, where the liquid fragrance oil the fragrance oil that is not atomized into the scented mist delivered to the air outside of the atomizer complex includes collected oil that is collected and drained to a reservoir assembly. A drainage tube extends from a bottom area of the atomizer complex into the liquid fragrance oil. The device can filter the liquid fragrance oil in the reservoir assembly and the collected oil from the atomizer complex that drained down the drainage tube. The vacuum tube can suction the filtered liquid fragrance oil and the collected oil into the atomizer complex for atomization.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to a mixing device. In certain embodiments, devices of the invention include a fluidic inlet, a fluidic outlet, and a chamber, the chamber being configured to produce a plurality of fluidic vortexes within the chamber.

Abstract: A mixing apparatus is for selective mixing of contents. The mixing apparatus has a body that defines an interior space. The body further has an aperture for permitting access to the interior space. The body has at least a portion that is collapsible and configured to be gripped and repositioned by a user to collapse a part of the body into the interior space to alter at least one of: the volume of the interior space; and the shape of the interior space. The mixing apparatus further has at least one mixing member located within the interior space that is configured and located so that the contents is forced against the at least one mixing member when the collapsible portion is gripped and repositioned by a user.

Abstract: A method and a device for producing honeycomb particle capable of absorbing harmful molecular element are disclosed. A certain percentage of a chemical element having crystal structure is dissolved in water to form a chemical element solution, and then it is pressurized. The pressurized chemical element solution is sprayed out in mist form toward a forming mirror by a high-pressure nozzle of a spray tube. When the chemical element solution in mist form is contacted with the heated forming mirror, the moisture quickly bursts and evaporates to form fine particle, meanwhile, the dried fine particle of the chemical element is fallen down through high frequency vibration and collected. Accordingly, the chemical element having crystal structure is became a fine particle having many air holes, increasing the area for chemical reacting with various harmful elements, further increasing the absorption efficiency to the harmful elements such as various toxic elements or bacteria.

Abstract: A supercritical vessel for separating dissolved solids from a fluid solution includes a main body defining a separation chamber adapted to contain a fluid solution while the fluid solution is heated to a supercritical temperature so as to produce a supercritical fluid from which dissolved solids precipitate. The vessel further includes a fluid inlet for receiving fluid solution, a fluid outlet for discharging supercritical fluid, and a precipitate outlet for discharging precipitated solids. The main body is tilted at a tilt angle relative to horizontal such that the fluid inlet is positioned vertically higher than the fluid outlet and the precipitate outlet, so as to induce movement of the precipitated solids in a downward direction toward the precipitate outlet. The fluid inlet may be positioned proximate a first end of the main body, and the fluid outlet and precipitate outlet may be positioned proximate a second end.

Abstract: A physical, chemical and biological process device operating under zero gravity and shaken by low energy mechanical and magnetic means is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for calcining diatomaceous earth may include adding at least one lattice interfering agent to the diatomaceous earth to form a composite material. The method may further include heating the composite material at a temperature of at least about 800° C. for at least about 15 minutes to form an at least partially calcined composite material. The at least one lattice interfering agent may include at least one cation of at least one of aluminum and titanium. A diatomaceous earth product may include the at least partially calcined composite material formed from the above-noted method for calcining diatomaceous earth. A filter aid may include the diatomaceous earth product.

Abstract: An enhanced, surface modified activated carbon for filter media, having a higher capacity for removing specific contaminants, such as H2S, SO2, Cl2, CCl4, NH3, and HCHO, and a process for making the same. The surface of the activated carbon is modified with molybdenum and molybdenum-derivatives to enhance the activated carbon chemisorption capacity.

Abstract: Methods of sorbing carbon dioxide on porous divinylbenzene/maleic anhydride polymeric sorbents are provided. Additionally, compositions resulting from sorbing carbon dioxide on porous divinyl-benzene/maleic anhydride polymeric sorbents are provided. The porous polymeric sorbents typically have micropores, mesopores, or a combination thereof and can selectively remove carbon dioxide from other gases such as methane.

Abstract: Bi-structured matrix for purification and handling of solid reagents, which comprises at least a polymer solid carrier coated with at least one hydrosoluble polymer, and manufacturing processes. The solid carrier may be, among others, cross-linked polyurethane foam or a micropipette tip. The hydrosoluble polymer may be, among others, polyvinylalcohol, agarose, hydroxyethylcellulose or combinations thereof. The matrix may further comprise a polymer produced from monomers of glycidyl metacrylate (GMA), dimethyl acrylamide (DMAAm), 2-hydroxyethyl metacrylate, metacrylic acid, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing superabsorbent polymer that has not only excellent permeability and absorption speed, but also minimized absorbency under pressure decrease rate, and superabsorbent polymer prepared thereby.

Abstract: The invention relates to devices, systems, and methods for conditioning a zirconium oxide sorbent module for use in dialysis after recharging. The devices, systems, and methods can provide for conditioning and recharging of zirconium oxide in a single system, or in separate systems.