Abstract: A local coil for a magnetic resonance imaging system includes at least one former antenna and at least one further antenna. The at least one former antenna is arranged orthogonally with respect to the at least one further antenna.

Abstract: An MRIS gradient coil sub-assembly comprising a first coil layer comprising a first conducting coil portion, a second coil layer comprising a second conductive coil portion electrically connected with the first conductive coil portion so that the first and second conductive coil portions act together as one coil, and a B-stage material consolidation layer sandwiched between the first and second coil layers.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes examples of magnetic resonance (MR) detector that may replace conventional MR imaging coil arrays. The present disclosure generally describes an example coil design approach that may reduce the number of components for MR imaging devices and may eliminate the need of tissue matching. In some examples, this approach implements a non-resonant grid in which MR-induced currents are allowed to flow unconstrained over the grid (unlike conventional phased array coils in which current is constrained to flow within each loop). Current in each element of the grid may be detected with inductively-coupled pickup loops, which may be attached to independent receiver channels of the MR imaging system. In one example, individual integrated balun pickup coils may be inductively coupled to each grid element. Other connection arrangements, however, may be employed if desired.

Abstract: A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe cassette, with a removable conduit body made of a non-magnetic material having a longitudinal axis with an opening at one end, centered on the axis. The conduit body is reversibly connected to a heat exchanger to substantially maintain the conduit body at a predetermined temperature. The NMR probe cassette also includes a second conduit made of a non-magnetic material. The second conduit extends through the central opening in the first conduit body and is configured to receive and contain a sample. Still further, the NMR probe cassette includes a processor and computer readable media with instructions for controlling the heat exchanger.

Abstract: In a method and magnetic resonance (MR) apparatus for acquiring MR signals of an examination object, an excitation pulse is radiated while a first gradient switching operation is activated, a refocusing pulse is radiated, a second gradient switching operation is activated with the second gradient switching operation having an opposite polarity to the first gradient switching operation. At least one of the first gradient switching operation and the second gradient switching operation has an amplitude modulation during radiation of the excitation pulse or the refocusing pulse. MR signals are acquired from nuclear spins in a body of the examination object that were excited by the excitation pulse and refocused by the refocusing pulse.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a gradient coil assembly. In one embodiment, a gradient coil assembly comprises a hollow, first gradient coil and a solid, second gradient coil co-wound with the first gradient coil. In this way, the turn density of the gradient coil assembly may be increased.

Abstract: In a method and magnetic resonance (MR) apparatus for implementing an MR examination of an examination subject with a predetermined MR measurement protocol at several different bed positions of the bed of the MR apparatus, a respective anatomical structure of the examination subject is determined for each of the several bed positions and a respective specific absorption rate is determined for each of the several bed positions as a function of the respective anatomical structure of the examination subject at the corresponding bed position and the predetermined MR measurement protocol. The specific absorption rates for the several bed positions are determined before electromagnetic fields are generated according to the respective predetermined MR measurement protocol. The specific absorption rates are compared with an absorption rate threshold value and a notification is output if at least one of the specific absorption rates exceeds the absorption rate threshold value.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for magnetic resonance imaging, an inverse recovery pulse is emitted and execution of an image acquisition sequence wherein, magnetic resonance image data are received is begun after a delayed recovery time of the inverse recovery pulse. A magnetic resonance image is reconstructed from the acquired magnetic resonance image data. The longitudinal relaxation time is obtained based on a known time after the inverse recovery pulse and a magnetization quantity of the known time. A second relaxation time is thereby able to be fully taken into account, so as to avoid a deviation of the longitudinal relaxation time. The range of application of the Look-Locker method is expanded, so that the present invention obtains an accurate longitudinal relaxation time no matter whether a delay exists before a sampled sequence.

Abstract: To enable improved reconstruction of magnetic resonance (MR) image data from MR scan data acquired from an examination object using dynamic shimming in an MR scanner that has a shim unit with at least one shim channel, an examination region of the object is divided into multiple sections, a B0 field of the examination region is scanned, and a B0 field map is thereby generated, a number of shim parameter sets are determined for the shim channel using the B0 field map, with a first shim parameter set of the number of shim parameter sets being determined for a first section of the multiple sections, and a second shim parameter set of the multiple shim parameter sets is determined for a second section of the multiple sections.

Abstract: In a method and magnetic resonance (MR) apparatus for acquisition of MR data from a slice in a subject, a first slice selection gradient is activated in a first direction perpendicular to the slice, and an RF excitation pulse then selectively excites nuclear spins in the slice. A second slice selection gradient is activated along the first direction, and a refocusing pulse is radiated. A first phase encoding gradient along the first direction is activated, and a second phase encoding gradient is activated along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. A selection gradient is activated along a third direction perpendicularly to the first and second directions, during which MR data are acquired from the slice. The acquired MR data are entered into multiple k-space lines that are selected starting from the refocusing pulse, without a further RF pulse being radiated.

Abstract: In a method and magnetic resonance (MR) apparatus for reconstruction of image data of an examination object from undersampled raw MR data and reference data, undersampled raw data are used that were recorded from an examination region of the examination object by an MR control sequence, to which a reconstruction algorithm for the reconstruction of image data is assigned. A disturbance variable in the examination region is determined. A modulation function is established, which describes the influence of the disturbance variable on the MR control sequence. Modulated reference data are created on the basis of the modulation function and the reference data such that the modulated reference data are subjected to the influence of the disturbance variable on the raw data recorded by the MR control sequence. A combination algorithm is executed in order to reconstruct image data from the undersampled raw data with the use of the modulated reference data.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging comprising: acquiring at least two MR images with different motion-weighting originating from a RF and gradient pulse sequence causing signal attenuation from diffusion but not flow (flow-compensated data); acquiring at least two MR images with different motion-weighting originating from a RF and gradient pulse sequence causing signal attenuation from diffusion and flow (non-compensated data); performing a model fit to the flow-compensated and non-compensated data in which at least one of the adjustable parameters are constrained to be the same for both sets of data; and obtaining quantitative information on microscopic flow by extracting at least one parameter of the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) effect from the model fit, said method being directed to diffusion-perfusion.

Abstract: The present invention obtains high-quality images even in a case of measurement with a radial sampling method. For this purpose, pre-measurement is performed to extract only a component different for each blade from among shift amounts from among echo signals, and a shift amount in k-space of an echo signal by the said component is reflected to a reconstruction process. In the pre-measurement, echo signals are obtained respectively by applying readout gradient magnetic field pulses that change the polarity to the positive and negative and that have the same pulse shape as readout gradient magnetic field pulses to be used in an image acquisition sequence. A shift amount is obtained for each axis of X, Y, and Z of an MRI apparatus as a variation amount of a phase difference between both the echo signals.

Abstract: A method for calibrating an orientation angle of a rotatable satellite tracking antenna, while changing an elevation angle or an azimuth, includes an elevation encoder calibrating step of setting a value of an elevation encoder measuring an elevation angle of the satellite tracking antenna to zero when an orientation direction of the satellite tracking antenna is parallel to one surface, an azimuth encoder calibrating step of setting a value of an azimuth encoder measuring an azimuth of the satellite tracking antenna to zero when an orientation direction of the satellite tracking antenna is parallel to one direction, and a gyroscope calibrating step of performing calibration such that one axis included in a gyroscope measuring a rotation angular velocity of the satellite tracking antenna is parallel to an azimuth rotation axis of the satellite tracking antenna and the other is parallel to an elevation rotation axis of the satellite tracking antenna.

Abstract: A compensation filter is operable to receive a received signal in response to a transmitted signal, the received signal having a time duration. The compensation filter is operable to generate a compensated signal. The compensation filter changes shape of an associated transfer function during the time duration of the received signal to result in the compensated signal having an improved spectral flatness throughout the time duration of the received signal. The compensation filter can be used in a sonar system. A method, which can be used in a sonar system, uses the compensation filter.

Abstract: A method of tracking an object including producing a guided surface wave with a guided surface waveguide probe, the guided surface wave having sufficient energy density to power object identification tags across an area of interest; receiving return signals from a tag of interest at plural receivers, the tag of interest associated with an object and the receivers that receive the return signals change over time as the tag moves with the associated object in the area of interest; and identifying a series of geolocations at which the object was present as a function of time according to the received reply signals from the tag.

Abstract: A first distance between a first node and a target node is computed based on a first time-of-flight (ToF) of a communication sequence between the first node and the target node. A second distance between a second node and the target node is computed based on a second ToF of the communication sequence between the first node and the target node, as recorded by the second node. A location of the target node is determined based on the first distance and the second distance.

Abstract: A radar device includes a RF signal source, two or more antenna interface units, a feed network, and a control unit. The RF signal source is arranged to provide a RF signal; each of the antenna interface units includes an antenna port and one of the following: an amplifier and a mixer; the feed network includes two or more buffers, each buffer has an active and an inactive state; the control unit is arranged to generate or receive a selection signal which specifies none, one, or more of the antenna interface units as active antenna interface units and the remaining antenna interface units as inactive antenna interface units; the control unit is arranged to activate and deactivate the buffers in dependence on the selection signal so as to feed the RF signal to the none, one, or more active antenna interface units and not to the inactive antenna interface units.

Abstract: A radar apparatus which includes a transmitting unit, a receiving unit, an I signal generating circuit, a Q signal generating circuit, a peak detecting circuit, a target detecting unit, and a distortion judging unit. The transmitting unit transmits a radar wave which is frequency-modulated along a time axis in a specified cycle, and the receiving unit receives an incoming wave which is a reflected wave of the radar wave transmitted by the transmitting means and amplifies it in an amplifier. The I signal generating circuit generates an I signal which is a real number component of a beat signal by mixing the incoming wave received and amplified by the receiving means with the radar wave transmitted by the transmitting unit. The Q signal generating circuit generates a Q signal which is an imaginary number component of a beat signal by mixing the incoming wave received and amplified by the receiving unit with the radar wave transmitted by the transmitting unit with a phase being shifted by ?/2 [rad].

Abstract: An object detection device includes a light source unit that emits light toward an object positioned in a detection area, an optical deflector including a reflection surface to reflect light, which is emitted from the light source unit and reflected from the object, incident on the reflection surface, an optical system arranged on an optical path of the light reflected from the reflection surface, and a light-receiving unit configured to receive the light passed through the optical system. The optical system vignettes a part of one, which is incident on the reflection surface at a smaller incident angle than the other, of light reflected from the object in a first end portion of the detection area and light reflected from the object in a second end portion that is on the side opposite from the first end portion of the detection area.

Abstract: A laser scanner includes a light source, a scanning mirror, and a first photodetector. The scanning mirror includes: a first reflective surface reflects the laser light from the light source; and a second reflective surface that reflects, toward the photodetector, the laser light reflected from the target object. The first reflective surface and at least part of the second reflective surface are disposed at mutually different angles. When a first optical axis passing through the target object and the first reflective surface is parallel with a second optical axis passing through the target object and the second reflective surface, a third optical axis passing through the first reflective surface and the light source and a fourth optical axis passing through the second reflective surface and the photodetector are at a predetermined angle relative to one another.

Abstract: A LIDAR system is provided. The LIDAR system comprises at least one processor configured to: control at least one light source in a manner enabling light flux to vary over a scan of a field of view using light from the at least one light source; control at least one light deflector to deflect light from the at least one light source; use first detected reflections associated with a scan of a first portion of the field of view to determine an existence of a first object in the first portion at a first distance; determine an absence of objects in a second portion of the field of view at the first distance; alter a light source parameter; and use second detected reflections in the second portion of the field of view to determine an existence of a second object at a second distance greater than the first distance.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to increasing the accuracy in spatially local dimensioning systems. A pulse timer generates a sine wave, a cosine wave, a sine wave indexer, and a cosine wave indexer. An outgoing laser pulse transmission to an object and a return bounce back from the object are detected and the outgoing and return bounce back times recorded. The recorded times are used to determine weighted times for the sine and cosine waves. Both the distance and timing to the object are electronically determined.

Abstract: A method uses an underwater vehicle travelling along an underwater surface projecting high frequency sound at the underwater surface to produce an image of the underwater surface with sufficient along track and cross track resolution to be able to identify cracks or other irregularities in the underwater surface.

Abstract: A method for operating an ultrasonic sensor with a housing and at least an ultrasonic converter comprising a surface for emitting and receiving ultrasonic waves, whereby ultrasonic waves are emitted towards an object at different points in time, whereby the ultrasonic waves being reflected from the object are received by the surface and whereby a signal 1, 2 is generated by the received ultrasonic waves is characterized in that the relative position of the surface with respect to the object is modified in such a way that the relative position is different at consecutive points in time and that the signals 1, 2 of two consecutive points in time are subtracted from each other. Further an ultrasonic sensor for carrying out the method is described.

Abstract: A method for sensing a fingerprint, comprising: receiving, by an electronic device, a sound wave signal that is reflected from an object; detecting at least one echo signal that is associated with the object for each reception period in a plurality of reception periods, wherein the at least one echo signal is detected based on the sound wave signal; and detecting the fingerprint based on the at least one echo signal.

Abstract: A DS-SS radar 10 detects an object in such a way that a code generator 21, an oscillator 32, and an antenna 24 repeatedly send a sending signal modulated with a predetermined-frequency code generated by the code generator 21, an A/D converter 45 samples the code, included in the reflected wave of the sending signal reflected by an object, with a sampling period lower than the period of the code, and a correlator 46 calculates the correlation between the reference code, generated by re-arranging the code from the code generator 21 at an interval of Nsp, and the sampling data converted by the A/D converter 45.

Abstract: Error that occurs when an absolute velocity of a target object is measured by using an antenna installed on a ship body that rocks and drifts in a complex manner since it floats on the sea is reduced. An antenna is installed on a ship body and transceives electromagnetic waves. A roll angle and a pitch angle of the ship body are detected by using an inclination sensor. An antenna velocity calculator calculates an antenna velocity of the antenna by using the detected roll and pitch angles of the ship body. An antenna velocity compensator compensates the antenna velocity of the antenna for a relative velocity between the ship body and a target object, the antenna velocity calculated by the antenna velocity calculator, the relative velocity obtained based on reflection waves received by the antenna.

Abstract: System and method for estimating locations and range rates of a multiplicity of targets by estimating range-Doppler state representation, including: computing a prior range-Doppler state estimate matrix and a measurement matrix containing phase shifted and re-ordered samples of a transmitted signal waveform; applying the measurement matrix to the range-Doppler state estimate matrix to generate a prediction of a current return sample and calculating a difference between the current return signal sample and the prediction of the current return signal sample; multiplying the difference by a gain matrix to obtain an adjustment to the prior range-Doppler state estimate matrix; repeating the process for a next return signal; computing an estimated range-Doppler map (RDM); applying a threshold to the estimated RDM to detect individual targets and obtain their range and Doppler parameters; and using the range and Doppler parameters to estimate the locations and range rates of the targets.

Abstract: A method for determining a location of remotely emplaced objects.

Abstract: In a vehicle control apparatus, a rear side detecting unit, mounted to an own vehicle, detects another vehicle that is present in a first area behind and to a side of the own vehicle. A time acquiring unit, mounted to the own vehicle, acquires a first time that is an estimated time at which a front approaching vehicle will arrive at the first area. The front approaching vehicle is another vehicle that is relatively nearing the own vehicle from ahead of the own vehicle. A sensitivity setting unit, mounted to the own vehicle, sets a detection sensitivity of the rear side detecting unit to the other vehicle in at least a part of the first area in such a manner that the detection sensitivity during a predetermined period set based on the first time is higher than the detection sensitivity during a remaining period other than the predetermined period.

Abstract: A radar device which receives reflected waves from objects, and derives still targets, includes: a determining unit that determines whether any other still target exists at a position in the vicinity of a reference target which is a still target existing at a position closest to a position of a vehicle in a longitudinal direction; and a setting unit that makes it easy to determine the reference target as a roadblock, in a case where the number of other still targets existing at positions in the vicinity of the reference target is equal to or less than a predetermined value.

Abstract: In a method for distinguishing between real obstacles and apparent obstacles using a driver assistance system for motor vehicles equipped with a position finding system for determining one's own location, as well as a radar sensor for measuring the distances and relative velocities of radar targets, positional information for radar targets recognized as apparent obstacles is stored in a database, and when the driver assistance system recognizes a stationary radar target at a specific location, the driver assistance system queries the database whether an apparent obstacle is stored for this location.

Abstract: An ultrasonic measurement apparatus includes a transmission processing unit that performs processing for transmitting an ultrasonic wave at a given transmission angle, a reception processing unit that performs reception processing of an ultrasonic echo with respect to the transmitted ultrasonic wave in first to Nth (N is an integer equal to or greater than 2) ultrasonic transducers; and a processing unit that performs processing with respect to first to Nth reception signals corresponding to the first to Nth ultrasonic transducers. The processing unit performs first phasing processing when a signal processing target point exists in a plane wave propagation region, and performs second phasing processing when the signal processing target point exists in a spherical wave propagation region, as phasing processing with respect to each of the reception signals of the first to Nth reception signals.

Abstract: A parking assist system includes an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to detect an obstacle, detect a boundary of a parking space, determine a target position to which a vehicle moves, and, when the vehicle is allowed to be located in a third area in which a first area and a second area overlap with each other, be allowed to determine the target position in the third area. The first area is an area across a limit line from the obstacle. The limit line is set substantially along an outer periphery of the obstacle at a position spaced a predetermined distance from the obstacle outward of the obstacle. The second area is an area out of the boundary.

Abstract: An object detecting apparatus includes: a light projection unit that is an array light source in which each of a plurality of light emission areas emits light, an optical scanning unit that performs scanning with the light, which is emitted from the light projection unit, in a first direction, and a light receiving unit that receives reflected light which is the light, with which the scanning is performed, being reflected by an object, and an object information acquiring unit that detects presence/absence of the object based on emission timing at which the light is emitted from the light projection unit and light receiving timing at which the light receiving unit receives the reflected light.

Abstract: An object designator system has a laser light source, and image sensor, a display, and a processor coupled with a non-transitory processor-readable medium storing processor-executable code. The image sensor captures an external scene image. The processor determines a range to an object of interest in the external scene and an exposure delay based on the range. The laser light source emits a laser light pulse into the external scene. The image sensor, based on the exposure delay, captures a laser spot image including laser light pulse reflections, and a spot baseline image of the external scene. The processor determines, based on the laser spot image and the spot baseline image, a location of the laser spot in the external scene and generates a symbol indicative of the location of the laser spot. The processor renders the symbol onto the external scene image to display an integrated image to a user.

Abstract: In a method for optically measuring the properties of at least one measurement path (I1, I2) between a transmitter (H) and a receiver (D), the receiver (D) receives an optical signal from a compensation transmitter (K) in addition to an optical signal from the transmitter (H). The signal of the transmitter (H) is reflected by an object (O) or is transmitted to the receiver (D) by means of said object in a different manner. The output signal (SO) of the receiver (D) is fed to a controller (CT), which changes the transmitter feed signal (S5) and/or compensation feed signal (S3) in accordance with a control algorithm. In the process, the controller (CT) determines two signals or values, which represent control parameters (S4a, S4?) for magnitude and phase or magnitude and delay.

Abstract: An object-detection system suitable for an automated vehicle includes a lidar and a controller. The lidar is used to detect a point-cloud that is organized into a plurality of scan-lines. The controller is in communication with the lidar. The controller is configured to classify each detected point in the point-cloud as a ground-point or a non-ground-point, define runs of non-ground-points, where each run characterized by one or multiple instances of adjacent non-ground-points in a scan-line separated from a subsequent run of one or more non-ground-points by at least one instance of a ground-point, define a cluster of non-ground-points associated with the object. The cluster is characterized by a first run from a first scan-line being associated with a second run from a second scan-line when a first point from the first run is displaced less than a distance-threshold from a second point from the second run.

Abstract: A LIDAR system is provided. The LIDAR system comprises at least one processor configured to: control at least one light source in a manner enabling light flux to vary over a scan of a field of view; control projection of at least a first light emission directed toward a first portion of the field of view to determine an absence of objects in the first portion of the field of view at a first distance; when an absence of objects is determined in the first portion of the field of view, control projection of at least a second light emission directed toward the first portion of the field of view; and control projection of at least a third light emission directed toward the first portion of the field of view to determine an existence of an object in the first portion of the field of view.

Abstract: This application discloses a GNSS reference apparatus having a vector error generator and a reference data server. The vector error generator generates one or more sequences of keyed intentional errors made confidential with confidential error keys, and then combines the sequences to generate a sequence of reference erroneous positions. The reference data server issues GNSS position-determination reference data based on the reference erroneous positions where the keyed intentional errors for at least one of the confidential sequences are reversible with confidential access to the corresponding confidential error key for determining a GNSS-based position.

Abstract: Disclosed is a technique to estimate at least a portion of an attitude, such as an azimuth angle from true North, based on beam angles from a controlled reception pattern antenna (CRPA) to space vehicle locations. Other attitude information such as roll and/or pitch can also be estimated. The at least portion of the attitude can be provided with or without an additional sensor, such as a compass or magnetometer, an inertial measurement unit (IMU), or the like. An attitude estimate can be useful because oftentimes the attitude of an object can vary from its track or velocity direction.

Abstract: An object is to make it possible to determine and output an accurate current position reliably in a short time and at a low cost, even in environments where signals from positioning satellites are complicatedly affected by structures, geographical features, etc. Therefore, the present invention provides a position detection device comprising: a receiving unit receiving signals from a positioning satellite, and calculating a pseudo range to the positioning satellite based on the signals, and a positioning unit calculating an initial position based on the pseudo range calculated by the receiving unit, calculating the pseudo range to the positioning satellite at plural positions around the initial position using a three-dimensional map data and a ray-tracing method, selecting candidate positions from the plural positions based on the pseudo range, and deciding a current position based on the candidate positions within such a short distance from the initial position that predetermined conditions are satisfied.

Abstract: A system for estimating carrier phases of radio signals in a satellite navigation system receiver for coordinate determination includes a complex of reference signals (CRS), wherein, in each jth satellite channel, a digital reference signal RefSigj, represents an output phase and frequency-controlled oscillation of a corresponding numerically-controlled oscillator (NCOj) for each jth satellite channel, the phase of the oscillation of the NCOj tracking a carrier signal received from the jth satellite; and an adaptation complex (AC) that, in response to vibration or movement of the receiver, changes (expands or reduces) an effective bandpass of the CRS, producing control signals that determine phase and frequency changes in the corresponding NCOj for reducing dynamic distortions in coordinate measurements.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a mobile device detects one or more wireless local area network (WLAN) access points (APs) and a WLAN-based location estimate is determined for the mobile device using a wireless local area network based positioning system (WLAN-PS). The WLAN-based location estimate is based on the one or more detected WLAN APs and information maintained in a reference database associated with the one or more detected WLAN APs. The mobile device also obtains a plurality of satellite-based positioning system (SPS) measurements. A selection of a set of SPS measurements is made from the plurality of SPS measurements based on consistency of the set of SPS measurements with the WLAN based location estimate. The selected set of SPS measurements is used in determining a final location estimate of the mobile device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improved Global Positioning System (“GPS”) function employ two multiband, multiport antennas to receive GPS signals. The antennas also serve WiFi frequencies, and the system utilizes the received WiFi signal strength to correct the GPS reception pattern for detuning due to user contact or other factors. The correction is made via selective combination of the GPS signals from the antennas. In addition, a phase shifter in one of the signal paths is used to account for changes in device orientation and to maximize the upper hemisphere component of the GPS reception pattern.

Abstract: A method for measuring dosage by means of a radiation detector, especially an X-radiation or gamma-radiation detector, used in the spectroscopic mode, and a dosage measurement system using said method. A range of energies and a dose type H is chosen, a radiation detector of a given type is used, spectra measured by the detector are established for various radiations of the given type, the energies of which are within the chosen range and the respective doses of which are known, and from the spectra, a weighting function is established, that is a correspondence between a mean dose increment and a mean energy, deposited into the detector. This enables a person provided with a dosimeter identical to the detector to know at any time the mean absorbed dose rate, expressed in the amount H.

Abstract: An air kerma conventional true value determining method is provided, which addresses the problem of on-site and in-situ verification or calibration of radiation protection with existing standard reference radiation, which is large in spatial volume and unable or difficult to be moved. The method includes establishing a minitype reference radiation, selecting a proper radiation source and source intensity for providing incident rays for a shielding box, selecting a plurality of gamma ray dosimeters as samples for training a prediction model to obtain the prediction model of the air kerma conventional true value of a point of test, putting a probe of a dosimeter being verified at the point of test, recording scattering gamma spectrum measured by a gamma spectrometer, with the spectrum applied as input to the prediction model to obtain the air kerma conventional true value. The results are accurate and the reference radiation is small in size.

Abstract: A radiation dosimetry gel is excellent in heat resistance, and a radiation dosimeter includes the radiation dosimetry gel as a material for measuring a radiation dose. A radiation dosimetry gel includes a water-soluble organic polymer (A) having an organic acid salt structure or an organic acid anion structure, a silicate (B), and a dispersant (C) for the silicate, and a radiation dosimeter includes the radiation dosimetry gel as a material for measuring a radiation dose.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting radiation energy includes a first comparator coupled to a first voltage source applying a first threshold voltage to the first comparator. The apparatus includes a second comparator, a radiation detector, Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC), and control circuitry. The second comparator is coupled to a second voltage source applying a second threshold voltage to the second comparator. The radiation detector is coupled to the first and second comparators. The ADC has a first input coupled to the detector, and is responsive to a second input for placing it in a low-power mode. The control circuitry is coupled to outputs of the comparators and the ADC, and the control circuitry temporarily switches the ADC from the low-power mode to a normal operating mode to perform a peak measurement of detected radiation energy, and determine the first and second threshold voltages based on the peak measurement.