Abstract: In some example implementations, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus may include a plurality of prism portions configured to shift light passing through the apparatus including the plurality of prisms portions, and a plurality of portions configured to pass light unshifted through the apparatus, wherein the apparatus combines the shifted light and the unshifted light passing through the apparatus. Related apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: An ophthalmic multifocal lens to be worn on or in a human eye. The lens has an optical portion with anterior and posterior surfaces and a circumferential peripheral boundary. The optical portion has far vision zones having a first refractive power and near vision zones having an add power. The far visions zones and near vision zones include ring segments having one of the refractive powers each radially bounding a more central zone of another one of the refractive powers. The ring segments include ring segments bordering on the peripheral boundary and alternating in circumferential sense along the full circumference of the peripheral boundary.

Abstract: A contact lens fluid delivery device having a liquid reservoir connected to a channel with a flow regulator is described. Other eye hydration and variable dioptric power contact lenses are described herein. Also described are implantable liquid delivery apparatuses having a liquid storage reservoir connected to a channel with a flow regulator. These devices and apparatuses are useful for specific, targeted delivery of therapeutic liquids within a subject. In some embodiments, the devices incorporate actuation chambers which provide a driving force releasing the fluid into the targeted area e.g., the eye. The actuation chambers described herein can contain phase change materials or osmotic chambers or a combination thereof to drive the release of fluid.

Abstract: An optical product has, on one or both of surfaces of a base, an optical multilayer film that has a seven-layer structure where low refractive index layers and high refractive index layers are alternately layered. The low refractive index layers are formed by using SiO2. The high refractive index layers are formed by using a material where a refractive index for light having a wavelength of 500 nm is greater than or equal to 2.145. When a layer closest to the base is a first layer, a fifth layer is one of the low refractive index layers, and a physical film thickness of the fifth layer is greater than or equal to 145 nm and not greater than 165 nm. A total of optical film thicknesses of a fourth layer, the fifth layer, and a sixth layer is greater than or equal to 1.3 ? and not greater than 1.5 ?.

Abstract: Systems and methods for creating fully custom products from scratch without exclusive use of off-the-shelf or pre-specified components. A system for creating custom products includes a computer communicatively coupled with an image capture device and configured to construct an anatomic model of the user based on captured image data and/or measurement data. The computer provides a configurable product model and enables preview and automatic or user guided customization of the product model. A display is communicatively coupled with the computer and displays the custom product model superimposed on the anatomic model or image data of the user. The computer is further configured to provide the customized product model to a manufacturer for manufacturing eyewear for the user in accordance with the customized product model.

Abstract: Systems and methods for creating fully custom products from scratch without exclusive use of off-the-shelf or pre-specified components. A system for creating custom products includes an image capture device for capturing image data and/or measurement data of a user. A computer is communicatively coupled with the image capture device and configured to construct an anatomic model of the user based on the captured image data and/or measurement data. The computer provides a configurable product model and enables preview and automatic or user-guided customization of the product model. A display is communicatively coupled with the computer and displays the custom product model superimposed on the anatomic model or image data of the user. The computer is further configured to provide the customized product model to a manufacturer for manufacturing eyewear for the user in accordance with the customized product model.

Abstract: System and apparatus including: a plurality of lens elements; and an aperture module coupled to the plurality of lens elements and including an array of pixels, wherein the aperture module is configured to be variable in pattern and transparency. Key words include variable aperture and pixels.

Abstract: Examples described herein relate to a driver circuit. In an example, the circuit includes a first input for receiving a first signal and a second input for receiving a second signal that is an inverse of the first signal. The circuit also includes a first driver array electrically coupling the first input to a first DC isolator and a first delay tap line electrically coupling the second input to the first DC isolator. The circuit further includes a second driver array electrically coupling the second input to a second DC isolator and a second delay tap line electrically coupling the first input to the second DC isolator. A carrier controller of the circuit is electrically coupled between the first DC isolator and the second DC isolator.

Abstract: An active-control optical resonator includes an oxide layer; a ring resonator arranged in a loop and positioned on the oxide layer; a tangential optical waveguide optically coupled to the ring resonator; a translatable body configured to selectively move into an evanescent field region of the ring resonator; a first electrode positioned on the translatable body, the first electrode comprising indium tin oxide; and a second electrode positioned between the oxide layer and the ring resonator.

Abstract: The optical device includes a waveguide positioned on a base and a modulator positioned on the base. The modulator includes a ridge of an electro-absorption medium having a top side and a lateral side. The lateral side is between the top side and the base and the top side has a width. The waveguide is configured to guide a light signal through the modulator such that the light signal is guided through the ridge of electro-absorption medium. A heater is positioned over the lateral side of the electro-absorption medium without being positioned over the entire width of the ridge.

Abstract: An optical device, having an active matrix, containing polymer dispersed liquid crystals, guest-host liquid crystals, suspended particles and/or polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals, the active high transmissive mode has at least 40% of incoming light transmitted through the optical device and in low transmissive mode less than 40% of incoming light transmitted through the optical device, the active matrix is switchable between high transmissive mode and low transmissive mode. The optical device containing a fail-safe mechanism, which is capable to switch the active matrix from a low transmissive mode in a high transmissive mode without the power of an applied grid. The optical device has a fail-safe mechanism comprising at least one battery and a controller.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate defining a top surface thereof, a bottom surface thereof facing the top surface, and side surfaces thereof connecting the top and bottom surfaces to each other. The side surfaces included: a first side surface defined by: a first patterned surface including a first pattern of which a length thereof extends in a diagonal direction in a plan view of the first patterned surface, and a second patterned surface which extends obliquely from an upper end of the first patterned surface, the second patterned surface including a second pattern of which a length thereof extends in a perpendicular direction from the upper end of the first patterned surface in a plan view of the second patterned surface.

Abstract: According to an aspect, a display device includes: a covering member having a curved surface part; a display panel bonded to the curved surface part while being curved along the curved surface part; a front frame bonded to the curved surface part while surrounding the entire outer circumference of the display panel; a backlight that is fitted into the front frame, arranged to be opposed to the display panel, and has a gap between the backlight and part of an inner wall surface of the front frame; and a flexible printed circuit board, a first end of the flexible printed circuit board being electrically coupled to the display panel, and a second end of the flexible printed circuit board passing through the gap to be drawn to the outside of a space surrounded by the front frame.

Abstract: A touch display device capable of reducing the width of a bezel area and achieving a slim device while arranging touch type button keys in the bezel area. The touch display device may be an in-cell touch display device that include at least one touch electrode located on a cover glass, corresponding to one or more touch key areas separated at intervals in a bezel area, extended to a display area and overlapping with a common electrode neighboring the touch key area from among the plurality of common electrodes. Accordingly, when a touch key area is touched, the voltage of a common electrode overlapping the touch electrode changes to sense whether the touch key area is touched, and thus there may not be a need to provide an additional touch panel and an additional touch driving circuit to the bezel area.

Abstract: A curved display apparatus and a multi display system having the same are provided. The curved display apparatus includes a display panel, and a fixation member which fixes the display panel so that the display panel is curved with multiple curvatures.

Abstract: A liquid crystal layer is disposed on a second glass substrate side between a first glass substrate and a second glass substrate, a first insulating film and a second insulating film are formed in this order on a surface of the first glass substrate that is disposed on the liquid crystal layer side, the outer edge portion of the liquid crystal layer is surrounded by a sealing material, and a slit is formed in a part or the whole of the peripheral edge portion of the second insulating film disposed on a further inner side than a position at which the second insulating film overlaps the sealing material. In addition, a slit formed in a peripheral edge portion of the first insulating film that corresponds to the sealing material is filled with a gate insulating film having a higher barrier property for gas and/or liquid than the first insulating film.

Abstract: An increase in fabricating cost of a display module including a touch sensor is suppressed. A display device which includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and liquid crystal interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate includes a display portion. The display portion includes a sensor unit and a pixel. The sensor unit includes a first transistor, a first conductive film electrically connected to a gate of the first transistor, and a second conductive film. At least part of the first conductive film overlaps with at least part of the second conductive film. The pixel includes a second transistor, and a pixel electrode electrically connected to the second transistor. At least part of the pixel electrode overlaps with at least part of the first conductive film.

Abstract: A touch display device including a first substrate, a second substrate, a display medium, and a pixel array structure is provided. The pixel array structure includes a scan line, a data line, an active device, pixel electrodes, a signal electrode layer and a signal transmission layer. The scan line intersects the data line. The active device is connected to the scan line and the data line. The pixel electrodes are arranged in an array. The signal electrode layer includes signal electrodes. The signal transmission layer includes a signal line disposed between two adjacent columns of the pixel electrodes and electrically connected to one of the signal electrodes. The data line includes at least a portion located outside of the signal line.

Abstract: A polymer-dispersed blue-phase (PDBP) liquid crystal film is formed from a polymer-based latex and blue-phase liquid crystals that are combined using an emulsification process or a polymerization-induced phase separation process. The resultant PDBP liquid crystal film includes droplets formed by the polymer-based latex that encapsulate the blue-phase liquid crystals therein, so as to allow the blue-phase liquid crystals to have a blue phase at room temperature. As such, the PDBP liquid crystal film is conducive for use in manufacturing processes, such as LCD (liquid crystal display) manufacturing processes, while providing desirable optical features, such as field-induced birefringence at low switching voltages.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate unit including pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix configuration, a second substrate unit including counter electrodes, and a liquid crystal layer. The pixel electrodes include a first and a second pixel electrode arranged to be adjacent along one of the row direction or the column direction. An inter-pixel region is provided between the first and the second pixel electrodes. The counter electrodes include a first and a second opposing portion arranged to be adjacent along the other of the row direction or the column direction. An inter-counter electrode region is provided between the first and the second opposing portions. The inter-counter electrode region overlaps the inter-pixel region. A light-shielding layer is provided in the second substrate unit, and covers the inter-counter electrode region and the inter-pixel region.

Abstract: The present invention provides a color filter substrate and a liquid crystal display panel. Both comprises a color filter layer (11) having a plurality of red filters, green filters, blue filters (R, G, B) and color change filters (C) aligned in matrix, and a first transparent electrode (41) and a second transparent electrode (42) are respectively positioned at two sides of the color change filter (C), and material of the color change filter (C) is electrochromic material.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with a display that has a layer of liquid crystal material interposed between a color filter layer and a thin-film-transistor layer. The thin-film-transistor layer may have a substrate with an upper surface and a lower surface. A circular polarizer may be formed on the upper surface. Thin-film transistor circuitry such as gate driver circuitry may be formed on the lower surface. A display driver circuit may be mounted on an inactive border region of the lower surface of the thin-film transistor substrate. Display pixels may form an array in a central active region of the display. A grid of metal gate and data lines may distribute signals from the display driver circuit and gate driver circuitry to the display pixels. A grid of non-reflecting lines may be interposed between the grid of metal lines and the lower surface.

Abstract: A head-up display includes an image light output device for outputting image light, a first optical element, a second optical element, and a third optical element. The first optical element is provided to be inclined with respect to the output surface of the image light output device. The first optical element reflects the image light having a first polarization direction and allowing the image light having second polarization direction to pass through. The second optical element reflects the image light from the first optical element to the first optical element. The third optical element is disposed between the first and the second optical element, and converts the image light having the first polarization direction to the image light having the second polarization direction by allowing the image light to pass through back and forth. The image light passing through the first optical element is projected on a combiner.

Abstract: The general inventive concepts provide a transparent display device comprising at least one display panel, the transparent display device further comprises a backlight light source and at least one double-sided reflector array located at the backlight side of the display panel. The double-sided reflector array comprises a plurality of double-sided reflectors arranged aslant relative to the display panel. The backlight light source is located at one side of the double-sided reflector array, and is capable of providing light beams to the double-sided reflector array.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a pair of substrates; a liquid crystal layer between the pair of substrates; and an alignment film between at least one of the pair of substrates and the liquid crystal layer, wherein the alignment film includes a first and second component, wherein the first component is a polymer in which at least two types of liquid crystal orientation side chains are bonded to a polysiloxane main chain, wherein the second component is made of at least one of a polyamic acid and a polyimide, wherein the at least two types of liquid crystal orientation side chains include a first side chain having on an end thereof a fluorine atom, and a second side chain that does not have on an end thereof a fluorine atom, wherein a proportion of the first component to a total amount of the second component is 2 mass % or greater, and wherein, in the liquid crystal display device, liquid crystal is sealed between the pair of substrates by a One Drop Fill scheme.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel is disclosed, which includes: a first substrate with a pixel electrode region and a non-pixel electrode region; a thin film transistor unit disposed on the first substrate a first alignment layer disposed on the pixel electrode region and the non-pixel electrode region; and a plurality of color filter units disposed between the first substrate and the first alignment layer, wherein one of the color filter units includes a color filter opening to expose a part of a drain electrode of the thin film transistor unit. Herein, a region of the pixel electrode without overlapping the thin film transistor unit is defined as a non-overlapping region, the first alignment layer corresponding to the non-overlapping region has a first thickness, the first alignment layer corresponding to the color filter opening has a second thickness, and the second thickness is greater than the first thickness.

Abstract: A column for defining the interval between a TFT substrate and an opposed substrate is formed at a crossing point between a drain line and a scanning line. At the crossing point where the column is formed, the drain line is formed to have a wider width to prevent light leakage. Further, at the crossing point where the column is formed, the scanning line is formed to have a narrower width to prevent increase of capacitance between the drain line and the scanning line. The column is formed at a crossing point corresponding to a specific color, e.g., a blue pixel B, so that a difference in transmittance and in characteristic of thin film transistors due to formation of the column is initially compensated.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel is disclosed. The liquid crystal display panel comprises a first baseplate; a second baseplate, arranged at a position opposite to the first baseplate and being provided with a pixel electrode and a common electrode thereon; and an auxiliary spacer, arranged between the first baseplate and the second baseplate and fixed on the first baseplate, wherein the auxiliary spacer is provided with a top electrode, and the second baseplate is provided with an extending electrode of the common electrode and an extending electrode of the pixel electrode at a position corresponding to the top electrode, so that the top electrode touches the extending electrode of the common electrode and the extending electrode of the pixel electrode and enables the common electrode and the pixel electrode to be connected with each other when the panel is pressed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a VA liquid crystal display panel based on BM-less technology and a manufacturing method thereof. The VA liquid crystal display panel based on BM-less technology includes a color mixture prevention zone (30) that is formed of a stacked arrangement of red color resist (41) and blue color resist (42) and is used in combination with a main photo spacer and a sub photo spacer that are formed of a black material as a substitute of a black matrix. Further, the color mixture prevention zone has a portion that corresponds to the main photo spacer (71) and the sub photo spacer (72) and includes a recess (31) formed therein. The main photo spacer (71) is in engagement with a bottom of the recess (31) to increase a height difference between the main photo spacer (71) and the sub photo spacer (72) and thus expanding LC margin and ensuring product yield rate.

Abstract: A display device array substrate includes first and second light blocking regions, a first insulation layer disposed on the first light blocking region, a second insulation layer disposed on the second light blocking region, a light blocking member including a first part disposed on the first light blocking region and the first insulation layer, a second part disposed on the second light blocking region and the second insulation layer, and a third part disposed on a boundary between the first and second light blocking regions. A minimum height from an upper surface of the first insulation substrate to an upper surface of the third part is lower than a minimum height from the upper surface of the first insulation substrate to an upper surface of the first part and a minimum height from the upper surface of the first insulation substrate to an upper surface of the second part.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a uniform gap between a TFT substrate and a CF substrate even in cases where a sealant is to be applied to a slim frame formed on the outside of the effective display area is provided. A liquid crystal display device includes an effective display area, a color resist coated area, and a seal area which overlaps the color resist coated area and in which a sealant for sealing liquid crystal is provided, wherein the color resist coated area overlapping the seal area has slits formed therein.

Abstract: The circumferential part of an opening of an ejection part included in a nozzle head is formed in the shape of a convex curved plane. A liquid crystal droplet adhered to the portion with the shape of a convex curved plane of the ejection part smoothly flows down along the outer surface of the ejection part and is adhered to the opening end of the opening. The liquid crystal droplet adhered to the opening end of the opening is absorbed into the liquid crystal droplet to be ejected through the opening and is dispensed downward together with the liquid crystal droplet. This suppresses a large liquid crystal pool being formed on the outer surface of the ejection part. As a result, such problems that liquid crystal to be dispensed is absorbed into a liquid crystal pool while not being dispensed downward and that a large amount of liquid crystal is unnecessarily dispensed from a liquid crystal pool are both be suppressed. In other words, liquid crystal may appropriately be dispensed.

Abstract: An array substrate, a display panel and a display device are disclosed. The array substrate includes a plurality of pixel areas defined by a plurality of gate lines intersecting a plurality of data lines. Each pixel area includes: a pixel electrode (2), strip-shaped common electrodes (3) which cooperate to generate electric fields with the pixel electrode (2), and an insulating layer (4) disposed between the pixel electrode (2) and strip-shaped common electrodes (3). The strip-shaped common electrodes (3) are only disposed over the pixel electrode (2) to reduce coupling capacitance formed between the data line and the common electrodes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a first substrate; a pixel electrode formed on the first substrate; a second substrate corresponding to the first substrate; and a common electrode formed on the second substrate. The pixel electrode includes: a central electrode, an outer portion connected to the central electrode and extending along an edge of the pixel electrode; and a fine branch portion extending from a side of the central electrode and spaced apart from the outer portion, wherein a cross-shaped opening is formed in the common electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a first substrate; a pixel electrode including a first sub-pixel electrode and disposed on the first substrate; a second substrate facing the first substrate; and a common electrode including an electric field forming portion and a first slit portion, and disposed on the second substrate. The electric field forming portion includes a transparent conductive material. The first slit portion includes a first stem portion extending in a first direction, a second stem portion extending in a second direction different from the first direction and crossing the first stem portion, and a branch portion extending in the first direction and located on at least one of two opposing sides in a longitudinal direction of the second stem portion. Each of the first stem portion and the branch portion has a linear shape surrounded by the electric field forming portion.

Abstract: A lateral-electric-field mode liquid crystal display device includes: substrates; a liquid crystal layer; plural scanning lines and plural data lines crossing on one of the substrates; plural pixels formed by the scanning lines and the data lines; at least one strip-shaped pixel electrode arranged in each pixel and extending along the data line or the scanning line; a common electrode located in a layer closer to the liquid crystal layer than the strip-shaped pixel electrodes so as to cover the scanning lines and the data lines; and a first rectangular pixel electrode connected with one end of each of the at least one strip-shaped pixel electrode to from a T shape. The first rectangular pixel electrode overlaps with corner parts of an opening section of the common electrode, where the corners are closer to the first rectangular pixel electrode than the other corners of the opening section.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel which includes a pixel electrode, a liquid crystal layer and an alignment film, and a driver. The driver drives the pixel electrode at a drive frequency of 1 to 20 Hz. The alignment film has a resistivity of 5×1014 ?·cm or more.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device, a common electrode is formed on an organic passivation film, an interlayer insulating film is formed on the common electrode, a pixel electrode with a slit is formed on the interlayer insulating film, and a through hole is formed in the organic passivation film and the interlayer insulating film, so that the pixel electrode is connected to a source electrode of a TFT through the through hole. Further, the taper angle around the upper base of the through hole is smaller than the taper angle around the lower base. Thus, the alignment film material can easily flow into the through hole when the diameter of the through hole is reduced to connect the pixel and source electrodes, preventing display defects such as uneven brightness due to the absence of the alignment film or due to the alignment film irregularity around the through hole.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display element using a liquid crystal composition having negative dielectric anisotropy, which is capable of realizing excellent display properties by being used in an FFS mode liquid crystal display element without deteriorating various properties, as a liquid crystal display element, such as dielectric anisotropy, viscosity, a nematic phase upper limit temperature, nematic phase stability at low temperature, and ?1, and burn-in characteristics of the display element. Provided is an FFS mode liquid crystal display element using an n-type liquid crystal composition so as to achieve the above object.

Abstract: A chip on film package includes a base substrate, an input line, an integrated circuit (IC) chip and an output line. The input line is disposed on the base substrate. The IC chip is electrically connected to the input line. The output line includes a main output and a sub output line. The main output line is electrically connected to the IC chip and extends in a first direction from the IC chip. The sub output line is electrically connected to the IC chip. The sub output line includes at least six bending parts, and is extended in the first direction.

Abstract: An LCD device provides enhanced display quality. An insulating layer is formed on a first substrate. The insulating layer covers the contact portion of a switching device in which the switching device is electrically connected to a transparent electrode and has an opening for exposing a portion of the transparent electrode. A reflection electrode is electrically connected to the transparent electrode through the opening. The insulation layer covers a first portion of a driving circuit formed on the first substrate. A sealant is interposed between the first and second substrate to engage the first and second substrate and to cover a second portion of the driving circuit. Therefore, the driver circuit may operate normally, and the distortion of the signal outputted from the driver circuit may be prevented.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a first substrate on which a plurality of pixel areas are formed; first to fourth color filter layers comprising a plurality of color filters disposed in the pixel areas and having four different colors in four adjacent pixel areas; a plurality of pixel electrodes disposed on the color filter layers corresponding to the respective pixel areas; a second substrate coupled to and facing the first substrate; and a common electrode disposed on one of the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the first to fourth color filter layers are disposed in a 2×2 matrix, and wherein at least one color filter from among the color filters is wider in a row direction and a column direction of the first substrate than the remaining color filters so as to cover a contact point at which the four adjacent pixel areas meet.

Abstract: Provided are a circuit board and a display apparatus in which, when a worker restores a cut wiring with laser, the worker may easily determine a portion to be irradiated with laser by the naked eye. In a circuit board including multiple layered wiring parts (G, O) and an insulating part deposited between layers of the wiring parts (G, O), the insulating portion has a missing part (F) at a superposed position where the wiring parts are superposed onto each other in a layered direction, and a marker (P) indicating the presence of the missing part (F) is formed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a substrate; a gate line, a data line, a first storage electrode line, and a second storage electrode line positioned on the substrate; a first thin film transistor, a second thin film transistor, and a third thin film transistor connected to the gate line and the data line; a fourth thin film transistor connected to the gate line, the third thin film transistor, and the second storage electrode line; a first subpixel electrode connected to the first thin film transistor; a second subpixel electrode connected to the second thin film transistor; a third subpixel electrode connected to the third thin film transistor; and a storage electrode connected to the first storage electrode line and overlapping the first subpixel electrode. Different voltages are applied to the three subpixels to improve lateral visibility of the liquid crystal display.

Abstract: A display device including a first base substrate, gate lines disposed on the first base substrate and extending in a first direction, parasitic capacitance electrodes coupled to the gate lines, data lines extending in a second direction crossing the first direction, transistors, each coupled to one of the gate lines and coupled to one of the data lines, and pixels sequentially arranged in the first direction, each of the pixels coupled to a corresponding one of the transistors, respectively, in which each of the transistors includes a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode, and wherein widths of the parasitic capacitance electrodes in adjacent pixels measured along the first direction are different from each other.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel and a display device are provided. The liquid crystal display includes a first common electrode, a second common electrode and pixels. The second common electrode and the first common electrode are electrically independent from each other. First pixels of the pixels are coupled to the first common electrode, and second pixels of the pixels are coupled to the second common electrode. Accordingly, usage or operation of the liquid crystal display panel is more flexible.

Abstract: Provided is a novel display panel that is highly convenient or highly reliable, a novel input/output device that is highly convenient or highly reliable, or a method for manufacturing a novel display panel that is highly convenient or highly reliable. The present inventors conceived a structure including a first intermediate film, a first electrode including a region in contact with the first intermediate film, a pixel that includes a first display element including the first electrode and a pixel circuit electrically connected to the first display element, a signal line electrically connected to the pixel, and a terminal that includes a third conductive film electrically connected to the signal line and a second intermediate film including a region in contact with the third conductive film.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an array substrate, a display device and a method for manufacturing the array substrate. The array substrate includes a base substrate, a plurality of gate lines and data lines provided thereon, a first common electrode line with an extending direction that is the same as that of the gate line, and a second common electrode line with an extending direction that is the same as that of the data line. The first common electrode line and the second common electrode line are in different layers. The first common electrode line and the second common electrode line are connected in a bridged mode.

Abstract: There is provided an electrophoretic particle which contains a core material particle formed of a composition containing a resin, a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound having any one of an imino group, a methylol group and an alkoxymethyl group in the molecule and a heterocyclic ring having a nitrogen atom, and a coloring agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical modulator, which can be reduced in size with size reduction of an optical waveguide and electric wiring as compared to a conventional optical modulator. An optical modulator according to an embodiment includes a substrate; an optical waveguide provided on the substrate and configured to guide light; a modulation unit formed of part of the optical waveguide and configured to modulate the light; and electric wires provided on the substrate and configured to supply a high-frequency electric signal to the modulation unit. One end portion and another end portion of the optical waveguide are provided on a first end surface, one end portion of the electric wiring is provided along the first end surface, another end portion of the electric wiring is provided along a second end surface being different from the first end surface.