Abstract: A camera system includes an image sensor assembly and a tunable optical element. The tunable optical element is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal lens doublet using a PDLC layer. The doublet is tunable by applying an electric field to the optical element via a control element. The control element applies a voltage differential to the optical element inducing an electric field which changes the polarization of the PDLC within the optical element. The refractive index of the lens doublet is dependent on the polarization of the liquid crystals within the optical element. Applying the electric field to the tunable element changes the optical properties of the lens doublet.

Abstract: A method and a controller for operating an array of variable optical retarders are disclosed. Neighboring pixels of the array of variable optical retarders are driven with disordered temporal bit sequences. An optical beam illuminating the pixels tends to integrate time-domain modulation caused by individual pixels driven in a non-coordinated or disordered fashion, which reduces the overall time-domain modulation amplitude of the optical beam.

Abstract: There is presented a spectroscopic apparatus and method wherein an input light source that inputs pump light to a photon pair source. The photon pair source converts pump photons into signal and idler photon pairs. The photon pair source is, in some of examples described herein, tuneable so that the wavelength of the signal and idler photons can be changed by application of a tuning means. At least one of the signal and idler photons is made incident upon a medium under test. A heralding detection apparatus is used to detect any signal and idler photons output from the spectroscopy apparatus, wherein at least one of the photons of the pair has interacted with or been operated upon by the medium under test.

Abstract: A pumping beam L1 enters from a pumping beam projector 3 into one end surface 2a of a nonlinear crystal 2, the pumping beam L1 and idler wave L2 are generated from another end surface 2b of the nonlinear crystal 2. The pumping beam L1 emitted from the other end surface 2b of the nonlinear crystal 2 is reflected and re-enters as a pumping beam L? into the other end surface 2b and the idler wave L2 generated from the other end surface 2b of the nonlinear crystal is reflected by the reflection optical system 6 and re-enters as a seed beam L2? into the other end surface 2b. The idler wave L2 enters as the seed beam L2? together with the pumping beam L1? into the nonlinear crystal and thus a terahertz wave with a large output and including a plurality of wavelengths can be generated.

Abstract: An image recording device having a projected viewfinder is described that projects individual, or multiple sets of synchronized framing beams onto a target image that are coaxially aligned with the field of view of the camera. The set of framing beams is projected onto the target image beyond the scope of the field of view being recorded by the image recording device but still within the field of vision of the operator of the device. In this way, the operator of the image recording device will be able to clearly see the framing beams identifying the limits of the recorded areas, while not having any portion of the field of view of the image recording device obscured by the framing beams themselves.

Abstract: A camera module that does not make a rasping noise even when being subjected to a vibration by a source of vibration is provided. A hall element that detects a displacement of an imaging lens (1) is disposed therein. In the case where the hall element detects a displacement of the imaging lens (1) that is not based on drive by a lens-driving device (5), the lens-driving device (5) drives the imaging lens (1) so as to reduce the displacement.

Abstract: A lift suspender for cameras and the like which can relieve pressure applied to the user's neck and shoulder area by a neckstrap. The lift suspender includes an adjustable strap connecting to a loop on a second strap and a fastening clip. The loop selectively opens and closes to accommodate and secure the neckstrap. The fastening clip allows the present disclosure to secure onto rear waistband or belt of a user. The adjustable strap allows the user to adjust how much the position of the camera or the like in the user's front. With the camera being lifted and the fastening clip secured to the back of a user's pants and/or belt, the weight of the camera and/or the like is lifted from the neck and shoulder area of the user ultimately relieving pressure.

Abstract: Device (1) for projecting an image into a display area (2), with an imager (31) generating the picture, a first projection device (30) for generating a real intermediate image (R), a screen (5) onto which the first projection device (32) projects the intermediate image (R) and to a second projection device (9) projecting the intermediate image (R) into the display area (2). In order to project the image with the least possible loss of brightness, the invention provides that main beam directions (H, H?, H?) of the screen (5) point into an entrance pupil (20) of the second projection device (9).

Abstract: The light source module may include a plurality of light-emitting units, at least two optical units, and at least two light conversion units. Light from a first light-emitting unit exits as first exiting light processed by a first and second optical units, light from a second light-emitting unit forms first converted light processed by the first optical unit and converted by a first light conversion unit, light from a third light-emitting unit forms second converted light processed by the second optical unit and converted by a second light conversion unit. The second converted light exits as second exiting light processed by the second and first optical unit, and the first converted light serves as third exiting light processed by the first optical unit and is combined with the first and second exiting lights to form a first beam having a first, second, and third wavelength.

Abstract: A light source device includes: a phosphor unit that is provided with a phosphor; an excitation light source that supplies excitation light that excites the phosphor; a reducing optical system that reduces the luminous flux diameter of the excitation light; and a light condensing optical system that condenses, on the phosphor unit, excitation light for which the luminous flux diameter was reduced by the reducing optical system. The reducing optical system includes: a plurality of lenses including two lenses having positive power; and a lens-moving section that moves the lens back and forth along the direction of the optical axis. The lens is disposed on the excitation light source side, and has a lower power than the lens. The refractive index of the lens is equal to or smaller than the refractive indexes of the other lenses of the reducing optical system.

Abstract: The image projection apparatus includes a light modulator configured to perform modulation of light based on an image signal, a projection optical system configured to project the light modulated by the light modulator, an illumination optical system configured to illuminate multiple divided illumination areas of the light modulator, multiple light source units provided corresponding to the divided illumination areas, a light source controller configured to control light quantities of the respective light source units so as to change illuminances of the divided illumination areas independently, and a light detector configured to detect a non-projection light component that is not projected through the projection optical system. The light source controller is configured to control the light quantities of the respective light source units depending on the image signal and a detection result of the non-projection light component by the light detector.

Abstract: A light source unit including: a plurality of elemental light sources each including a light emitting element and a drive circuit; a control circuit configured to control the drive circuit; and a luminous flux characteristic measurement section configured to measure received output luminous fluxes to generate luminous flux chromaticity-intensity correlation data. The control circuit generates a single-color color-phase indicating value, based on the luminous flux chromaticity-intensity correlation data. The control circuit determines a ratio of intensity of additional light to intensity of main component light to allow the single-color color-phase indicating value to become equal to a target value thereof, and generates an integrated color-phase indicating value, based on the luminous flux chromaticity-intensity correlation data. The control circuit performs feedback control on the drive circuits to allow a difference between the integrated color-phase indicating value and a target value thereof to be small.

Abstract: This disclosure discloses a screen device. The screen device includes a screen part used for displaying an image, at least one polyhedron including a plurality of planes used as the screen part for displaying the image, and a first drive device configured to rotate the at least one polyhedron around at least one axis.

Abstract: A reflective photomask includes a substrate with a substrate layer of a low thermal expansion material. The substrate layer includes a main portion of a first structural configuration and an auxiliary portion of a second structural configuration of the low thermal expansion material. The auxiliary portion is formed in a frame section surrounding a pattern section of the substrate. A multilayer mirror is formed on a first surface of the substrate. A reflectivity of the multilayer mirror is at least 50% at an exposure wavelength below 15 nm. A frame trench extending through the multilayer mirror exposes the substrate in the frame section. The auxiliary portion may include scatter centers for out-of-band radiation.

Abstract: A mask fabricating method includes dividing an outline of a first design layout for a target layer into plural segments, selecting interest segments to be biased in a direction of approaching an outline of a second design layout for a lower layer of the target layer, performing optical proximity correction for the target layer based on a first cost function given to each of normal segments and a second cost function given to each of the interest segments, and fabricating the mask corresponding to the first design layout updated based on a result of the optical proximity correction. The second cost function includes a model of a margin between each of the interest segments and the outline of the second design layout. Performing the optical proximity correction includes biasing each of the interest segments up to a boundary defined by the margin.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method in accordance with some embodiments. A wafer is grinded from a back side. The wafer is inserted into an opening defined by a frame holder. The frame holder is attached to a carrier through a temporary layer. A front side of the wafer is attached to the temporary layer. Thereafter, the wafer is etched from the back side until the wafer reaches a predetermined thickness. Thereafter, the frame holder and the wafer therein are separated from the temporary layer and the carrier.

Abstract: A pellicle assembly is provided. The pellicle assembly includes a frame and a membrane connected to the frame. The pellicle assembly also includes housing connected to the frame. The pellicle assembly further includes capping member passing through an upper opening of the housing and movable along a longitudinal axis of the housing. In addition, the pellicle assembly includes fastening member connected to the capping member and movable along a direction that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. When the capping member is in a released position, the fastening member is located within the housing, and when the capping member is in a fastening position, a portion of the fastening member is moved to the outside of the housing for fixing a mask.

Abstract: A method for mask data preparation (MDP) is disclosed, in which a set of shots is determined that will form a pattern on a reticle, where the determination includes calculating the pattern that will be formed on a substrate using an optical lithographic process with a reticle formed using the set of shots. A method for optical proximity correction (OPC) or MDP is also disclosed, in which a preliminary set of charged particle beam shots is generated using a preliminary mask model, and then the shots are modified by calculating both a reticle pattern using a final mask model, and a resulting substrate pattern. A method for OPC is also disclosed, in which an ideal pattern for a photomask is calculated from a desired substrate pattern, where the model used in the calculation includes only optical lithography effects and/or substrate processing effects.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a template including a first pattern, a second pattern, and a first dummy pattern. A concave-convex pattern having the width equal to 100 nm or less is arranged in the first pattern. A concave-convex pattern having the width wider than 100 nm is arranged in the second pattern. The first dummy pattern is arranged at the bottom of a concave pattern of the second pattern and made shorter than the concave-convex pattern. The first dummy pattern is arranged adjacently to another pattern at an interval equal to 100 nm or less.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (“3D”) structure for handling fluids, a fluid handling device containing the 3D structure, and a method of making the 3D structure. The method includes providing a composite photoresist material that includes: (a) a first photoresist layer derived from a photoresist resin having a first chemical property selected from the group consisting of epoxide equivalent weight, aromatic content, and crosslink density and (b) at least a second photoresist layer derived from a photoresist resin having a second chemical property selected from the group consisting of epoxide equivalent weight, aromatic content, and crosslink density different from the first chemical property. The composite photoresist material is devoid of an adhesion promotion layer between layers of the composite photoresist material and the composite photoresist material has varying mechanical and/or physical properties through a thickness of the 3D structure.

Abstract: A reagent that enhances acid generation of a photoacid generator and composition containing such reagent is disclosed.

Abstract: A compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, a colorant including the compound, a photosensitive resin composition including the colorant, and a color filter manufactured using the photosensitive resin composition (in Chemical Formula 1, each substituent is the same as defined in the detailed description),

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition includes (A) an acrylic-based binder resin including a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 1, wherein in Chemical Formula 1, each substituent is the same as defined in the detailed description; (B) a cardo-based binder resin including a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 2-1 and a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 2-2, wherein in Chemical Formula 2-1 and 2-2, each substituent is the same as defined in the detailed description; (C) reactive unsaturated compound; (D) an initiator; (E) a colorant; and (F) a solvent. A photosensitive resin film using the same and a color filter is also provided.

Abstract: There is provided a pattern forming method comprising (i) forming a film on a substrate using an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition which contains (A) a resin which decomposes due to an action of an acid to change its solubility with respect to a developer and (C) a specific resin, (ii) forming a top coat layer using a top coat composition which contains a resin (T) on the film, (iii) exposing the film which has the top coat layer to actinic rays or radiation, and (iv) forming a pattern by developing the film which has the top coat layer after the exposing.

Abstract: Wet-strippable antireflective compositions comprising one or more silicon-containing polymers that are free of Q-monomers and hydridosilanes as polymerized units are provided. These compositions are useful in the manufacture of various electronic devices.

Abstract: A method for nanometre etching or printing using an electron beam in a humid environment, which belongs to the field of electronic exposure. The method comprises: first, attaching a solution, humid atmosphere or humid environment curing layer to the surface of a substrate required to be etched and printed; then placing same in an electron beam exposure device to conduct electron beam exposure, so that a required nanometre micromachining pattern can be etched and printed on the substrate. The humid environment solution used in the method is mostly deionized water, solution containing metal ions, complex or other environment-friendly solutions. In this method, a nanoscale micromachining finished product can be obtained after electron beam exposure without chemical components such as photoresist, etc. required in the traditional electron beam etching or printing process and complicated machining processes such as fixation, rinsing, etching, gold-plating, etc.

Abstract: A radiation source for a lithographic apparatus uses a plurality of fiber lasers to ignite a fuel droplet at an ignition location to generate EUV radiation. The fiber lasers may be provided to emit parallel to an optical axis and a telescopic optical system is provided to focus the lasers at the ignition location, or the lasers may be directed towards the optical axis with a final focus lens being used to reduce beam waist. The lasers may be provided in two or more groups to allow them to be independently controlled and some of the lasers may be focused at a different location to provide a pre-pulse. Radiation from fiber lasers may also be combined using dichroic mirrors.

Abstract: A projection lens of an EUV-lithographic projection exposure system with at least two reflective optical elements each comprising a body and a reflective surface for projecting an object field on a reticle onto an image field on a substrate if the projection lens is exposed with an exposure power of EUV light, wherein the bodies of at least two reflective optical elements comprise a material with a temperature dependent coefficient of thermal expansion which is zero at respective zero cross temperatures, and wherein the absolute value of the difference between the zero cross temperatures is more than 6K.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is providing a method for fabricating high quality diffractive waveplates and their arrays that exhibit high diffraction efficiency over large area, the method being capable of inexpensive large volume production. The method uses a polarization converter for converting the polarization of generally non-monochromatic and partially coherent input light beam into a pattern of periodic spatial modulation at the output of said polarization converter. A substrate carrying a photoalignment layer is exposed to said polarization modulation pattern and is coated subsequently with a liquid crystalline material. The high quality diffractive waveplates of the present invention are obtained when the exposure time of said photoalignment layer exceeds by generally an order of magnitude the time period that would be sufficient for producing homogeneous orientation of liquid crystalline materials brought in contact with said photoalignment layer.

Abstract: There is disclosed a polarization-modulating element for modulating a polarization state of incident light into a predetermined polarization state, the polarization-modulating element being made of an optical material with optical activity and having a circumferentially varying thickness profile.

Abstract: A method for overlay monitoring and control is introduced in the present disclosure. The method includes selecting a group of patterned wafers from a lot using a wafer selection model; selecting a group of fields for each of the selected group of patterned wafers using a field selection model; selecting at least one point in each of the selected group of fields using a point selection model; measuring overlay errors of the selected at least one point on a selected wafer; forming an overlay correction map using the measured overlay errors on the selected wafer; and generating a combined overlay correction map using the overlay correction map of each selected wafer in the lot.

Abstract: Systems and apparatus for performing photolithography processes are described. The system and apparatus may comprise a slab, at least one stage disposed on the slab, and a vibration damping system disposed on the slab, the vibration damping system comprising a weight that is substantially equal to a weight of one of the at least one stage and a substrate that moves simultaneously with movement of the one of the at least one stage.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for reducing overlay errors by controlling gas flow around a patterning device of a lithographic apparatus. The lithographic apparatus includes an illumination system configured to condition a radiation beam. The lithographic apparatus further includes a movable stage comprising a support structure that may be configured to support a patterning device. The patterning device may be configured to impart the radiation beam with a pattern in its cross-section to form a patterned radiation beam. In addition, the lithographic apparatus comprises a plate (410) positioned between the movable stage (401) and the projection system (208). The plate includes an opening (411) that comprises a first sidewall (411a) and a second sidewall (411b). The plate may be configured to provide a gas flow pattern (424) in a region between the movable stage and the projection system that is substantially perpendicular to an optical axis of the illumination system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of obtaining a position of a second shot region next to a first shot region, out of a plurality of shot regions formed on a substrate, comprising a first detection step of detecting a position of a first mark arranged in the first shot region, a second detection step of detecting a position of a mark more distant from the first mark, out of a second mark and a third mark arranged in the second shot region, and a determination step of determining the position of the second shot region based on a detection result in the first detection step and a detection result in the second detection step.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member including a surface layer containing a specific polyester resin is provided. The polyester resin contains specific structures.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer contains at least a charge generating material, a charge transport material, and a binder resin. The binder resin includes a polyarylate resin. The polyarylate resin is represented by general formula (1) shown below. In general formula (1), X represents a divalent group represented by chemical formula (1-1), (1-2), (1-3), or (1-4) shown below.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there are provided a process for producing a toner for development of electrostatic images which is capable of suppressing desorption and exposure of a releasing agent therein, and excellent in fusing property, suppression of toner cloud and durability; a process for producing a dispersion, and a kit for producing the dispersion.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes a toner matrix particle having a core-shell structure. The toner matrix particle contains: a core particle including an amorphous resin, a colorant, a release agent, and a crystalline resin; and a shell layer coating a surface of the core particle at a coverage of 60 to 99%. The shell layer includes an amorphous resin. The amorphous resin contained in the core particle differs from the amorphous resin contained in the shell layer. The toner matrix particle has one to seven discrete shell domains determined by observation of a cross section of the toner matrix particle with an electron microscope.

Abstract: A carrier includes a resin layer including Al and Sn and covering the surface of the carrier. A detectable amount of Al is from 1.0% to 12.1% by atom and a ratio (Al/Sn) of the detectable amount of Al to that of Sn is from 2.0 to 50.0 when the carrier is subjected to an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus according to the present invention is an electrophotographic image forming apparatus that forms an image onto a print medium based on input image data. The image forming apparatus includes a setting unit configured to set, based on component values of multiple colors acquired for each pixel of the image data, a limiting value on a toner amount to use in the image formation for each pixel, and an image forming unit configured to form an image onto the print medium with an amount of toner less than or equal to the set limiting value.

Abstract: A high voltage generation apparatus that supplies a DC voltage to a load includes a current detection circuit that detects a DC flowing through the load. The current detection circuit includes an operational amplifier, and the current detection circuit detects the DC flowing through the load, as a voltage generated in a current detection resistor. The high voltage generation apparatus further includes a voltage detection circuit that detects a DC voltage supplied from a rectification circuit to the load. The current detection circuit includes a bypass circuit that causes a current to flow from a connection portion between the voltage detection circuit and a first input terminal of the operational amplifier to an output terminal of the operational amplifier in a case where the detected value of the DC that flows through the load drops below a predetermined value.

Abstract: A light-emitting device including a light-emitting element and causing the light emitting element to emit different light amounts. The light-emitting device includes: a measurement unit, a predetermined value storage unit, and a driving signal calculation unit. The measurement unit measures a surrounding temperature of the light-emitting element. The predetermined value storage unit stores a predetermined value of a driving signal for causing the light-emitting element to emit light. The driving signal calculation unit executes calculation of a value of the driving signal for causing the light-emitting element to emit a desired light amount by applying a correction factor in accordance with the measured surrounding temperature and the desired light amount to the predetermined value of the driving signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic member which can prevent generation of fogging while high quality images can be output during long-term use. The present invention is an electrophotographic member including a substrate, and an outermost layer directly or indirectly on the substrate, wherein the outermost layer contains a compound having at least a Si—O—Al bond, and the compound has a structural unit represented by Formula (1) and a structural unit represented by AlO3/2.

Abstract: A developing blade has a protrusion that protrudes toward a developing roller in an opposing portion facing the developing roller. The potential difference between a supply bias and a developing bias is denoted by ?(V), a contact pressure of the developing blade with respect to the developing roller is denoted by X (gf/cm), a height of the protrusion from the opposing surface that faces the developing roller at a position further toward a tip side than the protrusion is denoted by H (mm), and a length of the opposing surface in the rotation direction of the developing roller is denoted by L (mm). When viewing a cross-section perpendicular to the rotation axis of the developing roller, 0.05?H?0.1, 0.15?L?1.0, and 15?X?60 are established, and at least ???5*X?125 is satisfied.

Abstract: A developing device includes a supply member, a developing device body, and a closing member. The supply member supplies a developer to an image holding element that holds a developer image. The developing device body rotatably supports the supply member. The closing member closes a clearance formed between the developing device body and the supply member with one end of the closing member fixed to the developing device body and the other end, which is a free end, contacting the supply member. The closing member has plural grooves formed to extend from the other end toward the one end.

Abstract: A developing device includes a developer bearer to bear developer, a developer containing compartment disposed lower than the developer bearer, and a conveying screw disposed in the developer containing compartment. The developing device further includes an inclined face extending from an inner wall of the developer containing compartment obliquely upward toward the developer bearer, and the inclined face opposes the conveying screw from above.

Abstract: Provided is a remanufacturing method of a developer accommodating unit including a flexible container provided with an opening and configured to accommodate developer, and a frame member configured to accommodate the flexible container. The remanufacturing method includes refilling the developer into the flexible container.

Abstract: A developer supply device includes: a device main body having a fixed portion; a developer accommodating member including a stationary portion fixed to the fixed portion, a rotary portion, and a seal member provided on one of an outer circumferential portion of the rotary portion and the stationary portion and being in contact with the other, a developer to be supplied to a developing device being accommodated in the rotary portion; and a motor that rotates the rotary portion, wherein the developer supply device has a first torque mode in which the motor rotates the rotary portion with a first rotational torque and a second torque mode in which the motor rotates the rotary portion with a second rotational torque higher than the first rotational torque when the motor rotates the rotary portion after a preset time or more elapses since the rotary portion stops rotating.

Abstract: A development device includes a developer bearing member and a magnet which is fixed inside of the developer bearing member. The magnet includes a first magnetic pole for developing a latent image, a second magnetic pole adjacent to the first magnetic pole and being an opposite pole to the first magnetic pole, and a third magnetic pole adjacent to both the first and second magnetic poles and having an opposite pole to the first magnetic pole. A developer regulation portion is disposed such that when a maximum peak amount of a magnetic flux density of the first magnetic pole in a normal direction of the developer bearing member is defined as positive, the magnetic flux density of the first magnetic pole becomes positive in an entire region from a downstream side of the regulating member in a rotary direction of the developer bearing member and through a developing area.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a movable endless belt, a toner image forming unit, a movable transfer member, a voltage source, a setting portion. When a maximum cumulative value in a case where a length in which an adjusting toner image is formed with respect to a movement direction of the belt at a plurality position with respect to a widthwise direction of the belt perpendicular to the movement direction is accumulated is defined as a representative cumulative value, the setting portion sets the second voltage when the adjusting toner image passing through the transfer portion is a first adjusting toner image so as to be lower than the second voltage when the adjusting toner image passing through the transfer portion is a second adjusting toner image smaller in representative cumulative value than the first adjusting toner image.