Abstract: A backlight module and a display device are disclosed. The backlight module includes a ring light-guiding body and a light source, wherein the ring light-guiding body includes a first side close to an axis and a second side away from the axis, light generated by the light source is emitted from the second side away from the axis of the ring light-guiding body. Light emission over 360-degree circumference can be achieved by the backlight module. Display over 360-degree circumference can be achieved by the display device including the backlight module.

Abstract: The invention discloses a backlight module, comprising: a light guide plate provided with a strip-shaped slot, a light bar, which comprises a base plate and a plurality of mounting bases mounted on the base plate, each mounting base is provided with a lighting element respectively, wherein the base plate of the light bar is configured to engage with the first surface of the light guide plate, such that all the mounting bases can be accommodated within the strip-shaped slot. It is unnecessary for the backlight module to set up rubber frame and back plate, hence, the backlight module without outer frame border is formed.

Abstract: A light guide assembly, a backlight module and a liquid crystal display (LCD) are provided. The backlight module includes a back plate, light guide plate, an adhesive member and a light source. The light guide plate is disposed on the back plate and includes a first optical surface, a second optical surface and a light-incident surface. The first optical surface is opposite to the second optical surface. The light-incident surface connects the first optical surface and the second optical surface. The first optical surface or the second optical surface of the light guide plate is set with a recess. The adhesive member is disposed in the recess to adhere the light guide plate to the back plate. The light source is disposed on the back plate and emits light toward the light guide plate.

Abstract: A backlight unit includes a light source having an emission region, a wiring board having the light source mounted thereon, a light guide plate having a side surface into which light from the light source enters, and a front surface from which the light exits, a light shielding adhesive tape adhering to the wiring board, and an optical sheet which overlaps with the front surface of the light guide plate. The front surface of the light guide plate includes an effective region serving as a planar light source and a light entering region ranging from the side surface to the effective region. The wiring board and the light-shielding adhesive tape each have a part positioned in the light entering region, and the optical sheet is arranged from the effective region to the light entering region. An end portion of the optical sheet overlaps with the light-shielding tape.

Abstract: A display may have a backlight unit with a row of light-emitting diodes that emit light into the edge of a light guide plate. The light guide plate may have opposing upper and lower surfaces. Backlight may be extracted from the light guide plate using an array of bumps on the lower surface and ridges on the upper surface. Ridge density may vary as a function of location across the display. Some of the ridges may be terminated along a meandering border between regions of differing ridge density. Ridge length and endpoint location can be dithered along borders between regions and ridge widths and thicknesses may be tapered down towards the endpoints. Ridges may be patterned to reduce the density of the ridges immediately adjacent the light-emitting diodes and thereby avoid over-extraction of the light at the light-emitting diodes.

Abstract: A lighting fixture includes a first end plate and a second end plate that are coupled to and disposed on opposite sides of a reflector panel. Further, the lighting fixture includes a pair of elongated heat sinks that are coupled to the first end plate and the second end plate on opposite latitudinal ends of the pair of elongated heat sinks. Each elongated heat sink retains a longitudinal edge of a light guide and/or a plurality of LEDs directed towards the longitudinal edge. Further, the lighting fixture includes an optical device that is removably coupled to the lighting fixture such that the first end plate, the second end plate, and the pair of elongated heat sinks retain and overlap a perimeter of an optical device to prevent light leakage. The light guide is oriented horizontally and the optical device is oriented to receive light exiting the light guide.

Abstract: A stone slab with a light source and a manufacturing process thereof are disclosed. The stone slab includes a transparent composite plate. The composite plate includes a stone panel, a light guide plate, and a honeycomb plate laminated from top to bottom. A water-molecule-activated protective film is provided on an upper surface and a lower surface of the light guide plate respectively. The water-molecule-activated protective film on the upper surface of the light guide plate is bonded to the stone panel. The water-molecule-activated protective film on the lower surface of the light guide plate is bonded to the honeycomb plate by using an adhesive. The water-molecule-activated protective film can be used to bond the light guide plate. Moreover, the adhesive on another side of the water-molecule-activated protective film does not directly contact the light guide plate and avoids a problem that a lighting effect is impaired.

Abstract: A lamp device includes a heat dissipating seat, a light emitting unit, a mounting seat and a light guide plate. The heat dissipating seat defines an accommodation space with an opening. The light emitting unit is fixed to the heat dissipating seat within the accommodation space. The mounting seat is disposed in the accommodation space through the opening, and covers the light emitting unit. A receiving space is defined by at least a portion of the mounting seat and extends in a direction away from the light emitting unit. The light guide plate has at least a portion inserted into and fixed within the receiving space.

Abstract: An optical fiber includes a core and a cladding surrounding an outer periphery of the core and has a refractive index profile in which a relative refractive index difference with respect to a distance r from a center of the core is represented by ?(r), where a value of A represented by A=??00.22MFD1.31(?(r)??ref(r))dr+?0.22MFD1.310.44MFD1.31(?(r)??ref(r))dr??(Formula 1) is 0.3%·?m or less, where a unit of r is ?m, a unit of a relative refractive index difference ?(r) is %, ?ref(r)=?0.064r+0.494, and MFD1.31 is a mode field diameter at a wavelength of 1.31 ?m.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for producing at least one fiber Bragg grating in a waveguide, wherein the waveguide has at least one core having a first refractive index and the fiber Bragg grating contains a plurality of spatial regions which each occupy a partial volume of the core and have a second refractive index, wherein the spatial regions are each produced by the action of laser radiation on a partial volume of the core, wherein the laser radiation contains a plurality of pulse trains each containing a plurality of individual pulses, wherein the time interval between successive individual pulses is smaller than the time interval between successive pulse trains and the time interval between successive individual pulses is chosen between 10 ns and 100 ps or the pulse train has a duration of 50 fs to 50 ps.

Abstract: Various embodiments include large cores fibers that can propagate few modes or a single mode while introducing loss to higher order modes. Some of these fibers are holey fibers that comprise cladding features such as air-holes. Additional embodiments described herein include holey rods. The rods and fibers may be used in many optical systems including optical amplification systems, lasers, short pulse generators, Q-switched lasers, etc. and may be used for example for micromachining.

Abstract: A polarization scrambler based on Faraday magneto-optic effect is disclosed. A polarization control unit (2) is connected between a first rotator unit (1) and a second rotator unit (3). The first rotator unit (1) includes a first optical fiber circle (11) and a first wire coil (12). The second rotator unit (3) includes a second optical fiber circle (31) and a second wire coil (32). ACs with two frequencies f1 and f2 are respectively introduced into the first wire coil (12) and the second wire coil (32), such that the ACs in the two wire coils are changed to control the polarization angle in the two optical fiber circles to independently change within the range of +/?90°. The polarization control unit (2) can ensure motion trajectories of outputted light polarization pointsare in two orthogonal directions, thus achieving uniform polarization disturbance.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a waveguide in a glass plate is disclosed. The glass plate is scanned with a laser beam directed orthogonally to the glass plate to form a trench according to a pattern of the waveguide to be formed. The scanning is performed by pulses of the laser beam having a duration between 2 and 500 femtoseconds. The glass plate with the trench is treated with hydrofluoric acid. After treating the glass plate, the trench is filled with a material having an index different from that of glass, and, after filling the trench, a cladding layer is deposited.

Abstract: A flame scanner includes a lens barrel assembly defining a generally hollow body having a first end and a second end, and an opening formed in the first end, a lens positioned adjacent to the second end, and a fiber optic cable receivable through the opening in the first end, the fiber optic cable having a distal end. A field of view of the flame scanner is selectively adjustable by varying a position of the distal end of the fiber optic cable with respect to the lens.

Abstract: Unlike most MEMS device configurations which simply switch between two positions in many optical devices the state of a MEMS mirror is important in all transition positions. It may determine the characteristics of an optical delay line system and by that an optical coherence tomography system in one application and in another the number of wavelength channels and the dynamic wavelength switching capabilities in the other. The role of the MEMS is essential and it is responsible for altering the paths of the different wavelengths in either device. It would be beneficial to improve the performance of such MEMS and thereby the performance of the optical components and optical systems they form part of. The inventors have established improvements to the design and implementation of such MEMS mirrors as well as optical waveguide technologies to in-plane optical processing as well as the mid infrared for optical spectroscopy.

Abstract: The beam distributor includes a housing, at least one beam entrance, two or more beam exits, a motor, and a beam turning part fixed to a rotary axis member of the motor and changing a direction of a beam input to the inside of the housing through the beam entrance so as to guide the input beam to the beam exit. A rotary axis of the motor is arranged parallel to an optical axis of the beam so as to input the beam to the beam turning part at a constant angle independently of a rotational angle about the rotary axis of the motor. The beam exit is arranged in a direction to which the direction of the beam is changed by the beam turning part in response to rotation of the rotary axis member. A storage stores an angular information recorded in advance about the rotary axis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bend limiting structure for preventing a flexible optical circuit from being bent too sharply. More particularly, the invention involves adding a bend limiting layer or layers to the flexible optical circuit and/or any housing or other structure within which it is enclosed or to which it is attached. The bend-limiting layer may comprise a plurality of blocks arranged in a line or plane and joined by a flexible film that is thinner than the blocks, with the blocks positioned close enough to each other so that, if that plane of blocks is bent a predetermined amount, the edges of the blocks will interfere with each other and prevent the plane from being bent any further. The blocks may be resilient also to provide a less abrupt bend-limiting stop.

Abstract: Disclosed in an optical connector component including: a housing that accommodates an end portion of an optical transmission line; a shutter having a reflecting portion that reflects an optical signal outputted from the optical transmission line and being able to open and close inside the housing; and a light-absorbing member that is heat resistant compared to the housing and is irradiated the optical signal reflected by the reflecting portion.

Abstract: A fiber optic ferrule includes on a rear surface thereof a pair of spring pads, each of the pair of spring pads having an engagement surface facing away from the fiber optic ferrule to engage a spring to eliminate off-axis moments. A fiber optic connector is also provided that uses the fiber optic ferrule. The engagement surface could be flat or rounded.

Abstract: A fiber optic cable and connector assembly is disclosed. The assembly includes a cable optical fiber, a ferrule, a stub optical fiber having a first portion supported within the ferrule a second portion the projects rearwardly the ferrule and a signal modification structure optically coupled between the stub optical fiber and the cable optical fiber.

Abstract: A tunable connector formed from a connector sub-assembly, a housing an an outer housing is disclosed. The connector sub-assembly has an inner housing, a ferrule held by a ferrule holder and a retention body. The housing is formed from two shells that define a longitudinal passageway that supports a portion of an optical fiber cable to define cable assembly. The longitudinal passageway has a front-end section that supports a section of the retention body to inhibit longitudinal movement but to allow for rotation of the retention body and thus the connector sub-assembly to a select orientation. An outer housing operably disposed over the inner housing inhibits rotation of the retention body and thus the connector sub-assembly once an orientation is selected. Connector and cable sub-assemblies and assemblies, as well as a method of tuning the tunable connector, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A connector-equipped plug which has a built-in connector to be inserted into and connected to an adaptor inside a receptacle and is to be connected to the receptacle includes an inner housing that is located on a rear end side in an insertion direction of the connector to hold the connector and has a plurality of protrusions formed on an outer peripheral surface, a spring that pushes the inner housing in the insertion direction, and a tubular outer shell member that has a plurality of recesses formed in an inner peripheral surface. The connector has a tapered shape on a distal end side in the insertion direction, and the recesses are each formed such that the recess decreases gradually in width in the insertion direction and such that a bottom surface gradually approaches a central axis of the outer shell member.

Abstract: A connector (10) includes two connector portions (12) and a boot (14). Each connector portion (12) includes a ferrule (78) and a latch (18). The latch (18) includes a distal end (24) and a proximal end (22). The latch (18) is pivotable about an intermediate connection portion (26). The boot (14) is mounted to the connector portions (12). The boot (14) moves longitudinally relative to the connector portions (12). The boot (14) causes the distal ends (24) of the latch (18) to pivot toward the ferrule (78) of each connector portion (12) as the boot (14) is moved away from the connector portions (12). Front housings (32) of the connector portions (12) can each be rotated about the longitudinal axis of the ferrule (78) without rotating the ferrule (78) or the boot (14), to change the polarity of the two connector portions (12). The spacing between the two ferrules (78) is adjustable. A holder (96) holds the connector portions (12). The holder (96) includes side slots (98).

Abstract: Aspects and techniques of the present disclosure relate generally to fiber wall jacks including connector covers for protecting mating fiber optic connectors or adapters that prevent light emissions from the fiber-optics of the connectors when the adapter is open (i.e., when no mating connector is inserted). The connector covers providing protection of the open end from environmental contamination.

Abstract: A transceiver system may include a laser and a silicon optical grating. The laser may be configured to emit a laser beam at an output of the laser. The laser beam may have a non-circular elliptical mode profile. The silicon grating may be configured to exhibit a mode profile having a shape corresponding to the non-circular elliptical mode profile of the laser beam.

Abstract: Fluid cooled optical fibers are disclosed. An exemplary fiber comprises a fiber body including a distal end, an inner cap surrounding said distal end, an outer cap surrounding said inner cap, and a tube attached to said outer cap. The tube and outer cap may define a first flow channel, the outer and inner caps may define a second flow channel, and the outer cap may including one or openings for placing the first flow channel in communication with the second flow channel. Associated systems also are disclosed.

Abstract: The optical includes a waveguide positioned on a base and an optical component positioned on the base. The optical component is a light sensor that includes an active medium or a modulator that includes an active medium. The waveguide is configured to guide a light signal through the component such that the light signal is guided through the active medium. The device includes one or more heat control features selected from the group consisting of: placing one or more thermal conductors over a lateral side of a ridge of the active medium; extending thermal conductors from within the active component to a location outside of the active component, and tapering the ridge of the active medium within the perimeter of the active component.

Abstract: An exemplary optical connector assembly may include a substrate of an optical printed circuit board (OPCB) with at least one optical device thereon, the substrate including one or more recesses, an optical connector with one or more alignment members for coupling an end of an optical waveguide to the optical device, and one or more inserts, each having an orifice for receiving one of the one or more alignment members and each arranged to be received in one of the one or more recesses. When assembled, the one or more inserts may be received in the one or more recesses and the one or more alignment members may be received in the orifices of the one or more inserts thereby coupling the optical waveguide to the substrate to form the exemplary optical connector assembly.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fiber optic splice protection device, comprising: a closure including a cover and a chassis; and at least one cable fixer for fixing cables to be spliced to the chassis of the closure. Wherein the cable fixer is a separate member separated from the chassis, and is removably mounted in the chassis of the closure; and all strength members of the cables to be spliced are previously fixed to the cable fixer before the cable fixer is mounted to the chassis of the closure. Therefore, it is possible that strength members of the cables to be spliced are once time secured to the chassis of the closure of the fiber optic splice protection device, so as to easy to implement rapid on-site installation. Further, the fiber optic splice protection device has higher mechanical strength.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of a fiber distribution hub include a swing frame pivotally mounted within an enclosure having a low profile. For example, the enclosure can have a depth of less than about nine inches. Termination modules can be mounted to the swing frame and oriented to slide at least partially in a front-to-rear direction to facilitate access to connectors plugged into the termination modules. Splitter modules and connector storage regions can be provided within the enclosure.

Abstract: A fiber optic telecommunications frame is provided including panels having front and rear termination locations, the panels positioned on left and right sides of the frame. The frame includes vertical access for the rear cables. The frame further includes left and right vertical cable guides for the front patch cables. The frame further includes cable storage spools for the patch cables. The frame includes a horizontal passage linking the left and right panels and the cable guides. A portion of the frame defines splice tray holders and a central passage from the splice tray holders to the rear sides of the left and right panels. From a front of each panel, access to a rear of the panel is provided by the hinged panels. Alternatively, the panels can form connector modules with front termination locations and rear connection locations for connecting to the rear cables. The modules can house couplers, such as splitters, combiners, and wave division multiplexers.

Abstract: A fiber optic drop cable assembly is disclosed. The fiber optic drop cable assembly includes a fiber optic cable having an unsplit length, with a first split length and a second split length branching from the unsplit length. An optical fiber passage is formed at an interface of the first split length and the second split length. A first strength member extends from the unsplit length and is disposed in the first split length. A second strength member extends from the unsplit length and is disposed in the second split length. At least one optical fiber extends in the optical fiber passage. A fiber optic connector connects to the at least one optical fiber and is releasably secured to one or both of the first strength member and the second strength member. A pulling feature attaches to a portion of the fiber optic drop cable assembly for installation.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for systems and methods to provide concomitant mechanical motion inhibition and electrical distribution for actuator modules, such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based optical actuators adapted to move and/or orient one or more lenses and/or optical devices of a camera module. A mechanical motion inhibition and electrical distribution system may include one or more flexible snubber structures disposed substantially adjacent a MEMS structure and between the MEMS structure and another component of a camera module. Each flexible snubber structure may be implemented with one or more electrical traces, flexible films, snubber films, and/or mechanical stabilizers adapted to route electrical signals to or from the MEMS structure and/or to inhibit mechanical motion of at least a portion of the MEMS structure.

Abstract: This invention provides a vision system housing having a front plate assembly that accommodates a plurality of lens mount types. The front plate includes a central aperture that is located at a predetermined axial (camera axis) distance from a plane of an image sensor. The aperture is stepped from a wider diameter adjacent to the front to a narrower diameter more adjacent to the sensor. This arrangement enables threaded mounting of a plurality of lens mount types, for example M12 and C-Mount. The threaded base for the M12 lens is provided in the smaller-diameter, interior portion of the front plate aperture, adjacent to the sensor. The threaded base for the C-Mount lens is provided at the front of the front plate, adjacent to the exterior surface of the front plate and housing.

Abstract: An imaging lens includes a first lens group having positive refractive power; a second lens group having positive refractive power; and a third lens group having negative refractive power, arranged in this order from an object side to an image plane side. The first lens group includes a first lens having positive refractive power, a second lens having positive refractive power, and a third lens having negative refractive power. The second lens group includes a fourth lens and a fifth lens. The third lens group includes a sixth lens having negative refractive power and a seventh lens having negative refractive power. The first lens, the second lens, the third lens, and the seventh lens have specific Abbe's numbers. The first lens and the second lens have specific focal lengths.

Abstract: A lens system which includes a lens group including at least one lens element and forms an image on an image sensor which is rectangular with a first side and a second side greater than or equal to the first side in length, the lens system including: in order from an object side to an image surface side, a front lens group; a diaphragm; and a rear lens group, wherein at least one of the front lens group and the rear lens group includes a freeform surface lens asymmetric about an optical axis, and the lens system satisfies 1<A/(B?C)<10000 and 1<A/(D?E)<10000.

Abstract: A lens assembly includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens and a fifth lens, all of which are arranged in sequence from an object side to an image side along an optical axis. The first lens is with refractive power and includes a convex surface facing the object side. The second and third lenses are with refractive power. The fourth lens is with refractive power and includes a convex surface facing the image side. The fifth lens is with negative refractive power. The lens assembly satisfies: 0?f1/f2?6, (Vd1+Vd2)/2>40, Vd1?Vd3, Vd2?Vd3, Vd5?Vd3 wherein f1 is an effective focal length of the first lens, f2 is an effective focal length of the second lens and Vd1, Vd2, Vd3, Vd5 are Abbe numbers of the first, second, third, fifth lenses.

Abstract: Present embodiments provide for a mobile device and an optical imaging lens thereof. The optical imaging lens comprises six lens elements positioned sequentially from an object side to an image side. Through controlling the convex or concave shape of the surfaces and/or the refracting power of the lens elements, the optical imaging lens shows better optical characteristics and the total length of the optical imaging lens is shortened.

Abstract: An optical system includes a first lens including a negative refractive power, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, and a fifth lens including a positive refractive power and an image-side surface being concave in a paraxial region. The first to fifth lenses are sequentially disposed from an object side to an image side.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens having a positive refractive power, an object-side surface wherein an object-side surface of the first lens is convex and an image-side surface of the first lens is concave, a second lens having a negative refractive power, wherein an image-side surface of the second lens is concave, a third lens having a negative refractive power, a fourth lens having a positive refractive power, and a fifth lens having a negative refractive power, wherein the first to fifth lenses are sequentially disposed from an object side toward an imaging plane.

Abstract: A single focus lens and a photographing apparatus including the single focus lens are provided. The photographing apparatus includes a single focus lens comprising: a first lens group having a positive refractive power, the first lens group including a first negative lens and a second negative lens arranged in succession at a most object side of the first lens group; a second lens group having a negative refractive power; and a third lens group having a positive refractive power and including a positive lens and a negative lens. The first to third lens groups are sequentially arranged in a direction from an object side to an image side.

Abstract: A lens module includes a lens set and a prism. The lens set has a first light emitting surface and a first engaging structure, wherein the first engaging structure is formed on the first light emitting surface. The prism is disposed adjacent to the lens set. The prism has a light incident surface and a second engaging structure, wherein the second engaging structure is formed on the light incident surface. The lens set and the prism are assembled with each other by engaging the first engaging structure with the second engaging structure.

Abstract: An optical system, which may include a fish-eye lens including a whole view angle larger than 180 degrees, includes in order from an object-side to an imaging-side, a first lens group including a negative focal distance, an aperture, and a second lens group including a positive focal distance. An infrared cutting coat is coated on a lens surface that includes curvature of a lens among lenses included in the second lens group.

Abstract: Provided is an optical system including, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens unit and a second lens unit with a positive refractive power. One of lenses of the first lens unit is the closest to the object side and has a negative refractive power. The second lens unit includes an aperture diaphragm. One of lenses that is included in the second lens unit, located on the object side or the image side of the aperture diaphragm and the closest to the aperture diaphragm has a concave lens surface that faces the aperture diaphragm. Conditions are satisfied whose values are set by using refractive indexes of a negative lens and a positive lens of the first lens unit that respectively have the smallest Abbe number.

Abstract: EZ Hi-Def. device is comprised of 6 round bars arranged in a hexagon and a base ring. Round bar handles are located outside of base ring to make the shape of hexagon smaller or bigger, so that bars don't block the live view of the camera or don't show in a photograph. Six round bars reflect light to the camera lens to provide two critical factors to capture a high definition photograph: more image data and increased light sensitivity of the camera.

Abstract: A projection device to magnify and project, on a screen, an image displayed at an image display element, includes: a dioptric system including at least one positive lens and at least one negative lens; and a reflection optical system having at least one reflection optical element.

Abstract: The present invention provides a projection optical system including a first concave reflecting surface, a first convex reflecting surface, a second concave reflecting surface, and a third concave reflecting surface, wherein the first concave reflecting surface, the first convex reflecting surface, the second concave reflecting surface, and the third concave reflecting surface are arranged such that light from an object plane forms an image on an image plane by being reflected by the first concave reflecting surface, the first convex reflecting surface, the second concave reflecting surface, the first convex reflecting surface, and the third concave reflecting surface in an order named.

Abstract: An electromagnetic black hole may be fabricated as concentric shells having a permittivity whose variation is at least as great as an inverse square dependence on the radius of the structure. Such a structure concentrates electromagnetic energy incident thereon over a broad range of angles to an operational region near the center of curvature of the structure. Devices or materials may be placed in the operational region so as to convert the electromagnetic energy to electrical signals or to heat. Applications included solar energy harvesting and heat signature detectors.

Abstract: To acquire a pasted image having an enlarged dynamic range and having a high quality and a high angle of view, an image acquisition apparatus includes an imaging unit that captures an object, to acquire an image, an imaging control unit that controls the imaging unit, an HDR processing unit that combines a plurality of partial images acquired by capturing the same region of the object under different exposures, to generate an HDR image having an enlarged dynamic range, a pasting processing unit that pastes the plurality of HDR images generated for different regions of the object, to acquire a pasted image having a higher angle of view, and an exposure setting unit that sets an exposure condition in capturing all the partial images based on image information acquired by capturing a wider range than the single partial image included in the pasted image.

Abstract: An illumination optical system includes: a beam splitter located near a conjugate position of a specimen and configured to split beams from a light source into a plurality of groups of beams having different splitting directions around an optical axis; a beam selector configured to select and transmit one group of beams from the plurality of groups of beams and that is rotatable with respect to the optical axis; and a ½ wavelength plate located near the beam selector and rotatable about the optical axis. The rotation angles of the ½ wavelength plate and of the beam selector about the optical axis are respectively set so that the polarization direction of the beam which has passed through the ½ wavelength plate is perpendicular to the splitting direction of the one group of beams that has been selected by the beam selector and split by the beam splitter.