Abstract: A fracturing fluid including a mixture of an aqueous copolymer composition including a copolymer, the copolymer having 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, acrylamide, and acrylic acid monomer units, or a salt thereof, and a crosslinker. The crosslinker includes a metal, and the weight ratio of the metal to the copolymer is in a range of 0.01 to 0.08. Treating a subterranean formation includes introducing the fracturing fluid into a subterranean formation, and crosslinking the fracturing fluid in the subterranean formation to yield a crosslinked fracturing fluid. The crosslinked fracturing fluid has a viscosity of at least 500 cP for at least 80 minutes when the gel is subjected to a shear rate of 40 s?1 at a temperature in a range of 300° F. to 400° F.

Abstract: Methods include delivering a well treatment fluid comprising wellsite material contained within a water soluble degradable package, mixing the well treatment fluid, and pumping the mixed well treatment fluid downhole.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for treating a subterranean formation are provided. The method can include introducing a treatment fluid into the subterranean formation containing an aqueous downhole fluid. The treatment fluid can contain one or more polymers, a particulate additive containing one or more additives, and one or more organic solvents. The polymer is at least partially dissolved in the organic solvent and the particulate additive is at least partially suspended in the organic solvent. The method can also include combining the treatment fluid with the aqueous downhole fluid to produce a polymeric additive composite and a fluid mixture within the subterranean formation. The polymeric additive composite contains the particulate additive at least partially embedded in the polymer to prevent an uncontrolled release of the particulate additive into the fluid mixture.

Abstract: The invention described in the present specification relates to a color conversion film including: a color conversion layer which includes a resin matrix, and an organic fluorescent substance that is dispersed in the resin matrix, and emits light with a wavelength different from that of irradiated light when irradiated with light comprising a wavelength of 450 nm, in which the color conversion film includes a color shift compensation polymer, which allows a color difference change of white light emitted to be within 0.05 when an entire surface of the color conversion film is irradiated with blue light having a luminance of 600 nit at 60° C. for 1,000 hours, in the color conversion layer or in an additional layer disposed on the color conversion layer, a backlight unit including the same, and a display device including the same.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a delayed fluorescence compound and the organic electroluminescent device employing the delayed fluorescence compound as the delayed fluorescence dopant material, the delayed fluorescence host material, or the phosphorescent host material in the light emitting layer, and/or used in the hole blocking layer and/or the electron transporting layer of the organic EL device, which thereby displays good performance.

Abstract: Organic-inorganic perovskite nanoparticle compositions are described herein. In some embodiments, a nanoparticle composition comprises a layer of organic-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals, the organic-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals comprising surfaces associated with ligands of size unable to incorporate into octahedral corner sites of the perovskite crystal structure.

Abstract: A lighting device is specified. The lighting device comprises a phosphor having the general molecular formula (MA)a(MB)b(MC)c(MD)d(TA)e(TB)f(TC)g(TD)h(TE)i(TF)j(XA)k(XB)l(XC)m(XD)n:E. In this case, MA is selected from a group of monovalent metals, MB is selected from a group of divalent metals, MC is selected from a group of trivalent metals, MD is selected from a group of tetravalent metals, TA is selected from a group of monovalent metals, TB is selected from a group of divalent metals, TC is selected from a group of trivalent metals, TD is selected from a group of tetravalent metals, TE is selected from a group of pentavalent elements, TF is selected from a group of hexavalent elements, XA is selected from a group of elements which comprises halogens, XB is selected from a group of elements which comprises O, S and combinations thereof, XC=N and XD=C and E=Eu, Ce, Yb and/or Mn. The following furthermore hold true: a+b+c+d=t; e+f+g+h+i+j=u; k+l+m+n=v; a+2b+3c+4d+e+2f+3g+4h+5i+6j?k?2l?3m?4n=w; 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing luminescent nanoparticles wherein particle size of the nanoparticles is controlled. The method of the present invention includes admixing two or more rare earth metal salts in a first solvent and an organic oil to form a reaction mixture, and subjecting the reaction mixture to an inert gas so that flow rate of the inert gas is at least 2-5 L/h and pressure in the reaction vessel is at least 50 Pa over atmospheric pressure, preferably 50-80 Pa over atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A liquid-crystalline medium, preferably having a nematic phase and exhibiting a dielectric anisotropy of 0.5 or more, which contains compounds of formula B and formula S in which denotes denotes the use thereof in an electro-optical display, particularly in an active-matrix display based on the IPS or FFS effect, displays of this type which contain a liquid-crystalline medium of this type, and the use of the compounds of formula S for the improvement of the transmission and/or response times of a liquid-crystalline medium which contains one or more additional mesogenic compounds.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition including a polymerizable liquid crystal compound capable of expressing birefringence with reverse wavelength distribution and a surfactant containing a fluorine atom, a 1-octanol/water partition coefficient of the surfactant being less than 5.0.

Abstract: A composition containing a photosensitive polymer in which the molecular structure changes due to absorption of light or a precursor of the photosensitive polymer and an additive that absorbs at least ultraviolet rays and that provides the energy of the absorbed ultraviolet rays to the photosensitive polymer, wherein the photosensitive polymer absorbs at least some of the ultraviolet rays when specifically polarized ultraviolet rays are irradiated as the light so as to undergo a first reaction that generates anisotropy in the molecular alignment of the photosensitive polymer in accordance with the polarization direction of the polarized light and a second reaction that further enhances the anisotropy generated in the molecular alignment of the photosensitive polymer by the first reaction, and the additive absorbs the irradiated ultraviolet rays so as to convert the ultraviolet rays to energy for causing the second reaction and provide the resulting energy to the photosensitive polymer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal cell includes a pair of facing substrates having a photo-alignment film, and a liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal material contains a liquid crystal compound having a structure represented by any of the following chemical formula (1-1) and chemical formula (1-2): A1-CnF2n—X1-A2??(1-1) A1-X1—CnF2n+1??(1-2) in the chemical formula (1-1), A1 is a phenyl group, a phenylene group, a naphthyl group, a naphthylene group, a cyclohexyl group, or a cyclohexylene group; A2 is a phenyl group, a phenylene group, a naphthyl group, or a naphthylene group (provided that a hydrogen atom in functional groups A1 and A2 is optionally substituted by a fluoro group, a chloro group, a bromo group, a methyl group, or an ethyl group); X1 is an oxygen atom or a direct bond; and n is an integer of 1 to 6. The photo-alignment film is obtained by subjecting a polymer film to a photo-alignment treatment.

Abstract: A material heating device comprises a rotary kiln, a plurality of heat exchange tubes, a hot air hood, a high-temperature gas input mechanism, an exhaust-gas collecting chamber, and an exhaust-gas output pipeline. The rotary kiln is provided with a material feed end and a material discharge end. The heat exchange tubes are in the rotary kiln. The hot air hood is outside the rotary kiln. The air inlet ends of the heat exchange tubes communicate with the hot air hood, and the air outlet ends of the heat exchange tubes communicate with the exhaust-gas collecting chamber. The exhaust-gas collecting chamber communicates with the exhaust-gas output pipeline. The hot air hood communicates with the high-temperature gas input mechanism, and the cavity between the heat exchange tubes and the heat insulation layer of the rotary kiln is a material channel. The heat exchange tubes are directly in contact with the material.

Abstract: Provided is a novel carbonization treatment method for carbonizing a biomass material containing a large amount of water at an extremely low temperature, and a method for producing carbide. A water-containing biomass material (10) is carbonized while maintaining the biomass material (10) under treatment conditions including an oxygen-containing atmosphere and a temperature range of 70° C. or greater and less than 100° C., without a drying step for removing or reducing the water forcibly. At this time, preferably the water content (percentage) of the biomass material (10) at the start of carbonization while maintained under the treatment conditions is within a range of 40 to 80% inclusive, and preferably the biomass material (10) is thus maintained for two weeks or longer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for processing to improve the properties of pyrolysis oil and, as a result, the commercial value of the same. The net result is creation of an oil with a much lighter color in lieu of the black color, reducing or elimination the undesired sulfury/amine aroma and reducing the amount of PAH which is believed to be a carcinogen.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising 10-40 mass % of C8-30 linear alkanes, up to 20 mass % of C7-20 aromatic hydrocarbons, at least 90 mass % of which are monoaromatic, and no more than 1 mass % in total of oxygen-containing compounds; wherein the total amount of C8-30 alkanes in the composition is 50-95 mass %, and the total amount of C8-30 alkanes, C7-20 aromatic hydrocarbons and C8-30 cycloalkanes is at least 95 mass %; wherein the composition comprises 45-90 mass % in total of C8-30 cycloalkanes and C8-30 branched alkanes; and wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition. Also provided is a method of producing the composition comprising the step of hydroprocessing a biological feedstock using a catalyst and the step of fractionating the product of the hydroprocessing step.

Abstract: Processes for partially deoxygenating a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil to produce a fuel for a burner are disclosed. A biomass-derived pyrolysis oil stream is combined with a low recycle stream that is a portion of a deoxygenated effluent to form a heated diluted py-oil feed stream, which is contacted with a first deoxygenating catalyst in the presence of hydrogen at first hydroprocessing conditions effective to form the effluent stream. The effluent may be separated and used to provide a product fuel stream for a burner.

Abstract: In a method of processing and/or recovering and/or reutilizing residues, especially from refinery processes, containing a base substance, especially comprising hydrocarbon, for example kerosene, and oil, and also metallic residues, the residues are to be introduced into a first reactor (5) in which a portion of the volatile residues evaporates and then is transferred into a second reactor (10) and solidifies therein by cooling, optionally promoted by evaporation of water.

Abstract: Sparkless igniters comprising a hot surface igniter assembly and a nozzle that produce a flame plume with diameter substantially similar to the diameter of the fire tube, and flame length less than the length of each leg of the U-shaped fire tube in heater treaters are disclosed. The disclosed igniters and methods are applicable to both vertical and horizontal heater treaters and improve the durability of fire tubes while reducing igniter fuel consumption by at least 30%.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition containing petroleum, water and a demulsifier, and in particular to a method for demulsifying emulsions composed of petroleum and water.

Abstract: Solvent deasphalting (SDA) in series is used to extract deasphalted oil from heavier hydrocarbons in series. Instead of stripping the pitch material of solvent in the second stage which can stick in the pitch stripper and inhibit flow, a dryer is used to vaporize solvent for recycle to the second SDA unit and produce pitch solids.

Abstract: For the shipping industry, these fuels provide solutions to long outstanding technical problems that heretofore hindered supply of low sulfur marine fuels in quantities needed to meet worldwide sulfur reduction goals. Marine shipping use of high sulfur bunker oils is reported as largest source of world-wide transportation SOx emissions. When ships on the open seas burn cheap low grade heavy bunker oils high in sulfur, nitrogen and metals, the SOx, NOx, and metal oxides go to the environment. This invention converts essentially all of each barrel of crude feed to a single ultraclean fuel versus conventional refining where crude feed is cut into many pieces, and each piece is sent down a separate market path meeting various different product specifications. When in port, ships can use these fuels to generate and sell electricity to land based electrical grids to offset fuel cost in an environment-friendly manner.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for the production of transportation fuels from renewable plant- and animal-based resources. The methods disclosed herein present an environmentally-friendly process for using or recycling plant- and animal-based fats and oils. The renewable feed stocks can be used to produce a variety of hydrocarbon fuels, including renewable gasoline. The disclosure also relates to fuel products and fuel blend stocks produced from renewable hydrocarbon starting materials.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a catalytic cracking process comprising the following steps: i) subjecting a heavy feedstock oil to a catalytic cracking reaction to obtain a catalytic cracking reaction product; ii) separating the catalytic cracking reaction product to obtain a catalytic cracking gasoline and a catalytic cracking light cycle oil; iii) splitting the catalytic cracking gasoline to obtain a light gasoline fraction, a medium gasoline fraction and a heavy gasoline fraction; iv) subjecting the catalytic cracking light cycle oil to hydrogenation to obtain a hydrogenated light cycle oil); v) mixing a portion of the light gasoline fraction with at least a portion of the hydrogenated light cycle oil to obtain a mixed fraction; vi) subjecting the mixed fraction to a catalytic cracking reaction; and vii) subjecting a portion of the medium gasoline fraction to a catalytic cracking reaction.

Abstract: The invention includes a downdraft gasifier having a rotatable auger/grate extending through its reduction zone. The auger at times moves biofuel through the gasifier and at times supports it in the gasifier. A frusto-conical biomass grate funnels biomass onto the auger and is perforate for permitting the passage of gases while retaining the biomass. A guide tube surrounds the auger below the frusto-conical biomass grate. The invention also includes mixing gas or solid particulate fuel in a conduit segment that houses a mixing chamber. Fuel is fed through a fuel inlet port into the mixing chamber. High velocity combustion air from a blower is forced into the mixing chamber through a restricted orifice that generates a suction pressure for drawing gas or solid particulate fuel into the mixing chamber. A combustion chamber supply conduit delivers fuel from the mixing chamber into a burner.

Abstract: A carbon-containing material gasification system includes: a gasifier that includes a combustion stage and a gasification stage, and generates generated gas; char providing means that separates char from the generated gas, and provides the combustion stage with the char, the combustion stage including carbon-containing material combustion means and char combustion means; and distributing ratio setting means that sets, according to a ratio of distributing material defined in Expression [1], a ratio of distributing oxidizing agent defined in Expression [2] to be smaller as the ratio of distributing material increases.

Abstract: Compositions corresponding to marine diesel fuels, fuel oils, jet fuels, and/or blending components thereof are provided that include at least a portion of a natural gas condensate fraction. Natural gas condensate fractions derived from a natural gas condensate with sufficiently low API gravity can provide a source of low sulfur, low pour point blend stock for formation of marine diesel and/or fuel oil fractions. Natural gas condensate fractions can provide these advantages and/or other advantages without requiring prior hydroprocessing and/or cracking.

Abstract: Compositions corresponding to marine diesel fuels, fuel oils, jet fuels, and/or blending components thereof are provided that include at least a portion of a natural gas condensate fraction. Natural gas condensate fractions derived from a natural gas condensate with sufficiently low API gravity can provide a source of low sulfur, low pour point blend stock for formation of marine diesel and/or fuel oil fractions. Natural gas condensate fractions can provide these advantages and/or other advantages without requiring prior hydroprocessing and/or cracking.

Abstract: Compositions corresponding to marine diesel fuels, fuel oils, jet fuels, and/or blending components thereof are provided that include at least a portion of a natural gas condensate fraction. Natural gas condensate fractions derived from a natural gas condensate with sufficiently low API gravity can provide a source of low sulfur, low pour point blend stock for formation of marine diesel and/or fuel oil fractions. Natural gas condensate fractions can provide these advantages and/or other advantages without requiring prior hydroprocessing and/or cracking.

Abstract: Compositions corresponding to marine diesel fuels, fuel oils, jet fuels, and/or blending components thereof are provided that include at least a portion of a natural gas condensate fraction. Natural gas condensate fractions derived from a natural gas condensate with sufficiently low API gravity can provide a source of low sulfur, low pour point blend stock for formation of marine diesel and/or fuel oil fractions. Natural gas condensate fractions can provide these advantages and/or other advantages without requiring prior hydroprocessing and/or cracking.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for the production of transportation fuels from renewable paraffinic feed stocks. The methods disclosed herein present an environmentally-friendly process for using renewable paraffinic feed stocks from various sources. The renewable paraffinic feed stocks can be used to produce a variety of hydrocarbon fuels, including renewable gasoline. The disclosure also relates to fuel products and fuel blend stocks produced from renewable paraffinic feed stocks.

Abstract: Compositions corresponding to marine diesel fuels, fuel oils, jet fuels, and/or blending components thereof are provided that include at least a portion of a natural gas condensate fraction. Natural gas condensate fractions derived from a natural gas condensate with sufficiently low API gravity can provide a source of low sulfur, low pour point blend stock for formation of marine diesel and/or fuel oil fractions. Natural gas condensate fractions can provide these advantages and/or other advantages without requiring prior hydroprocessing and/or cracking.

Abstract: Compositions corresponding to marine diesel fuels, fuel oils, jet fuels, and/or blending components thereof are provided that include at least a portion of a natural gas condensate fraction. Natural gas condensate fractions derived from a natural gas condensate with sufficiently low API gravity can provide a source of low sulfur, low pour point blend stock for formation of marine diesel and/or fuel oil fractions. Natural gas condensate fractions can provide these advantages and/or other advantages without requiring prior hydroprocessing and/or cracking.

Abstract: A process for converting liquefied carbon based fuels into dry gas.

Abstract: A method and system for dehydration of a gas phase and hydrate inhibition of a liquid hydrocarbon phase in a multiphase hydrocarbon fluid stream containing water. The method may include (i) separating the hydrocarbon fluid stream into a liquid phase and a first gas phase, (ii) adding hydrate inhibitor to the first gas phase, and (iii) separating off condensed liquids and a second gas phase. The first gas phase has a water dew point that is lower than the initial multiphase hydrocarbon fluid stream and the second gas phase has a lower water dew point than the first gas phase. The hydrate inhibitor has a water content that is low enough to enable it to dry the first gas phase, the hydrate inhibitor being separated off with the condensed liquids and mixed with a part or all of the liquid phase from the separation to inhibit the liquid phase.

Abstract: A method for improving viscosity control, while maintaining or improving deposit control, of a lubricating oil in an engine or other mechanical component lubricated with the lubricating oil by using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil. The formulated oil has a composition including a lubricating oil base stock as a major component, and at least one polymeric aminic antioxidant, as a minor component. The at least one polymeric aminic antioxidant is the polymerization reaction product of one or more unsubstituted or hydrocarbyl-substituted diphenyl amines, one or more unsubstituted or hydrocarbyl-substituted phenyl naphthyl amines, or both one or more of unsubstituted or hydrocarbyl-substituted diphenylamine with one or more unsubstituted or hydrocarbyl-substituted phenyl naphthylamine. The lubricating oil base stock is present in an amount from 1 to 85 weight percent and the at least one polymeric aminic antioxidant is present in an amount from 0.1 to 5 weight percent.

Abstract: A method of reducing low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) in a direct-injected spark-ignited internal combustion engine comprising lubricating the crankcase of the engine with a composition comprising a combination of a molybdenum-containing additive and a boron-containing additive. Preferably, the composition comprises a calcium detergent providing a calcium content of at least 0.08 wt %, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.

Abstract: A surface protection composition which is hard to deform or flow even placed under environments of a large temperature change with an external physical load such as pressure, and which stably protects a metal surface. A terminal fitted electric wire coated with the composition. The surface protection composition contains a high-consistency material (A) containing a lubricant base oil and an amide compound, and a phosphorus composition (B). The phosphorus composition (B) contains a composition (b1) containing one or more compounds represented by the general formulae (1) and (2) and one or more metals and/or one or more amines. The phosphorus composition (B) also contains one or more compounds (b2) represented by the general formula (3).

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for winterizing oil. The methods include heating the oil to a first temperature and maintaining the oil at the first temperature for a first period of time; reducing the first temperature of the oil after the first period of time to a second temperature over a second period of time, wherein reducing the first temperature produces a first solid fraction and first liquid fraction of the oil; removing the first solid fraction from the oil; reducing the second temperature of the first liquid fraction of the oil over a third period of time to a third temperature, wherein reducing the second temperature of the oil produces a second solid fraction and second liquid fraction of the oil; removing the second solid fraction from the oil; and recovering the second liquid fraction of the oil.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds and their use as fragrance materials.

Abstract: Fragrance accords are provided herein that can provide a consumer with a perception of hygiene. The fragrance accords can include one or more of a citrus compound, floral compound, herbal/aromatic compound, and sulfur containing compound. The accords are suitable for incorporation into a fragrance composition and/or a consumer product to enhance the perception of hygiene. Methods of stimulating the perception of hygiene with the fragrance accords are also provided.

Abstract: A freshening composition is disclosed. The freshening composition includes a sulfur-containing pro-perfume; at least 15 wt. % of a perfume mixture, based on the total weight of the freshening composition; and a carrier. Either the perfume mixture comprises at least one perfume raw material selected from the group consisting of: dihydro myrcenol, dimethyl benzyl carbinyl acetate, ethyl vanillin, florhydral, nonanal, undecanal, vanillin, beta gamma hexanol, decanal, citronellol, and combinations thereof; or the carrier comprises a propylene glycol; or the perfume mixture comprises at least one perfume raw material selected from the group consisting of: dihydro myrcenol, dimethyl benzyl carbinyl acetate, ethyl vanillin, florhydral, nonanal, undecanal, vanillin, beta gamma hexanol, decanal, citronellol, and combinations thereof, and the carrier comprises a propylene glycol.

Abstract: An emulsion composition containing menthyl ethers represented by the formula (1) or a power composition prepared by drying such an emulsion composition can provide an emulsion composition and a powder composition which can be readily incorporated in food and drink or perfumery and has a fresh and mild bitterness (a naringin-like bitterness) with slow bitterness rising; in the formula (1), X represents a partial structural formula (1-a) or (1-b), and R1 and R2 each represent a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group or an isopropyl group.

Abstract: Methods and devices for economically producing a purified biodiesel product from feedstocks. Some embodiments of the methods comprise using at least one of a crude feedstock pretreatment process and a free fatty acid refining process prior to transesterification and the formation of crude biodiesel and glycerin. The crude biodiesel is then subjected to at least one biodiesel refining process which, in conjunction with feedstock pretreatment and free fatty acid refining produces a purified biodiesel product that meets multiple commercial specifications. A wide variety of feedstocks may be used to make biodiesel that otherwise would not meet the same commercial specifications, including corn oil, used cooking oil, poultry fats, fatty acid distillates, pennycress oil, and algal oils.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to a method for degrading laundry malodor “sweat” preferably with regard to the treatment of hard and/or soft surfaces, and more particularly relates to the degradation of the laundry malodor “sweat” in the context of a textile treatment method using bacterial spores.

Abstract: Antimicrobial or non-antimicrobial compositions, sanitizing compositions and other compositions combining use of a propoxylated EO/PO block copolymer surfactant and/or propoxylated polymer in combination with at least one additional anionic and/or nonionic surfactant to provide concentrated compositions having a desired viscoelasticity at an active level of at least 18% are disclosed. Non-antimicrobial applications combining use of a propoxylated surfactant and/or propoxylated polymer in combination with at least one additional anionic and/or nonionic surfactant to provide compositions having a desired viscoelasticity are also disclosed. Methods of using concentrated and use compositions having desired foaming enhancement and stabilization are also disclosed.

Abstract: A surface treatment composition according to the present invention is used for treating a surface of a polished object to be polished which is obtained after polishing with a polishing composition including ceria, using the surface treatment composition including a (co)polymer having a monomer-derived structural unit having a carboxyl group or a salt group thereof, a residue removing accelerator composed of a specific compound having a hydroxyl group, and a dispersing medium, wherein pH is less than 7.

Abstract: The present invention relates to protease variants and methods for obtaining protease variants. The present invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding the variants; nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides; and methods of using the variants.

Abstract: Stabilized use solutions of low phosphorus, alkali metal carbonate detergents employing enzymes for cleaning compositions are disclosed. In particular, the present invention is a composition for, and method of, removing soils, preventing redeposition of protein soils and reducing foam, using stabilized enzyme cleaning compositions, namely use solutions of the same.

Abstract: Detergent compositions that include a lipase variant of a parent lipase which has lipase activity and includes one or more substitutions corresponding to G23S, D27N, A40, F51I,L, E56R, D57N, V60E,K, K98I, N101D, R118, G163S, T231R, N233R, Y220F, T244E, and P256T using SEQ ID NO: 2 for numbering. Water-soluble unit dose articles including water-soluble film and a detergent composition including lipase variants. Methods of cleaning and/or treatment of surfaces using such compositions.