Abstract: A method for determining flow rate of a multiphase fluid. The method includes measuring a first pressure differential (316) of the multiphase fluid flowing through a rotodynamic pump (310) operating at a rotational speed thereby driving the multiphase fluid, measuring a second pressure differential (326) of the multiphase fluid flowing through a portion (320) of a fluid conduit positioned in series with said rotodynamic pump, and determining, based on the first and second pressure differentials and the rotational speed of said rotodynamic pump, a flow rate of the multiphase fluid.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a detector, a pressure sensor and a processor. The detector is operable to detect light that is scattered by an aerosol that is associated with a pressure. The pressure sensor is operable to measure the pressure. The processor is coupled to the detector and to the pressure sensor, and is configured to receive at least a signal from the detector and the pressure sensor. The processor is further configured to use the received signals to calculate a volume of the first aerosol, and to output an output signal associated with the calculated volume. The various measurements can be repeated and compared, and the output signal can be a feedback signal for metering subsequent amounts of the aerosol, based on the comparison.

Abstract: A flow rate sensor includes a sensing portion and a resin seal. The sensing portion includes a thin portion and an exposed portion. The thin portion has a smaller thickness as compared to other portions of the sensing portion. The exposed portion is exposed on the resin seal when the resin seal seals the sensing portion and includes a specified area corresponding to the thin portion and a peripheral area corresponding to an outer periphery of the thin portion. The sensing portion includes a recessed portion in a portion corresponding to the peripheral area. The recessed portion surrounds the thin portion and is recessed from the peripheral area toward the second surface. The sensing portion detects a flow rate of a fluid flowing along the thin portion.

Abstract: The measuring cup includes numerous embodiments configured for a user to precisely determine the cup contents without need to lift the cup to one's eye level or to lower the eye level to the level of the cup contents. The various embodiments include folding cups; cups having transparent passages in the wall; cups having adjustably positionable bottoms; cups having level indicator rods in the cup interior extending upward from the cup bottom; cups having one or more filaments extending across the cup interior; cups having rigid level indicators spanning the cup interior; cups having adjustably positionable level indicator tabs therein; cups having buoyant level indicator tabs adjustably positionable in the cup interior; and cups having removable clip-on scales extending down along the interior of the cup wall, the scales having a plurality of attachment points for the removable attachment of a level indicator tab at a desired attachment point.

Abstract: The measuring cup includes numerous embodiments configured for a user to precisely determine the cup contents without need to lift the cup to one's eye level or to lower the eye level to the level of the cup contents. The various embodiments include folding cups; cups having transparent passages in the wall; cups having adjustably positionable bottoms; cups having level indicator rods in the cup interior extending upward from the cup bottom; cups having one or more filaments extending across the cup interior; cups having rigid level indicators spanning the cup interior; cups having adjustably positionable level indicator tabs therein; cups having buoyant level indicator tabs adjustably positionable in the cup interior; and cups having removable clip-on scales extending down along the interior of the cup wall, the scales having a plurality of attachment points for the removable attachment of a level indicator tab at a desired attachment point.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for measuring fill level of a fill substance using terahertz (THz) pulses or for determining distance to an object using terahertz pulses, as well as to a fill-level measuring device suitable for performing such method. The THz pulses are transmitted with a repetition frequency, wherein the repetition frequency according to the invention is controlled in such a manner as a function of travel time that the repetition frequency increases in the case of decreasing travel time and decreases in the case of increasing travel time. The separation or the fill level is determined not based on the measured travel time, but is based on repetition frequency. An exact fill level determination can be performed based on THz pulses, even when the frequency of the THz pulses significantly fluctuates. Consequently, very simply embodied pulse production units with comparatively small requirements for frequency stability of the THz pulses can be used.

Abstract: An assembly and method for the measuring of fluids in a tank. The assembly uses a fluid measuring system to measure and indicate the fluid levels inside the tank. The assembly creates a sealed unit that couples to the tank and external gauge so as to stop the venting of gas to the atmosphere. The assembly may include the tank and external gauge in selected embodiments. The assembly can function without the use of electronic measuring and reporting devices.

Abstract: An integral fluid measurement system includes a first sensor configured to communicate using a first communication technology, a second sensor configured to communicate using a second communication technology, and a hybrid interface unit including a first interface configured to communicate with a first sensor using a first communication technology and a second interface configured to communicate with a second sensor using a second communication technology, where the first and second communication technologies are different from each other and may include electrical, fiber optic, radio frequency, optical pulse, and sonic pulse. The hybrid interface unit may also include a digital signal processor, data bus, and power supply, and may be capable of being disposed on a fluid tank wall.

Abstract: A scale calibration device and method of use. The device may include a base supportable on and movable along a surface to a location. The base further includes a base surface for supporting a scale to be calibrated proximate the location. The device includes a frame assembly coupled to the base and operable to support a force-supplying mechanism in a position over the base surface.

Abstract: A Point-Of-Sale (POS) device detects vibrations produced from equipment in its operational environment. The vibrations are identified and one or more filters produced to remove the vibrations when the POS device is used to improve the accuracy of the POS device.

Abstract: A Point-Of-Sale (POS) device detects vibrations produced from equipment in its operational environment. The vibrations are identified and one or more filters produced to remove the vibrations when the POS device is used to improve the accuracy of the POS device.

Abstract: A sensor is provided. The sensor includes at least one optical waveguide and an optical reflector. The optical reflector is optically coupled to the at least one optical waveguide and includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion is configured to reflect a first portion of light back to the at least one optical waveguide. The second portion is configured to reflect a second portion of light back to the at least one optical waveguide. The reflected second portion of the light differs in phase from the reflected first portion of the light by a phase difference that is not substantially equal to an integer multiple of ? when the second portion of the optical reflector is in an equilibrium position in absence of the perturbation.

Abstract: To provide a connecting structure for a signal cable capable of securing a sufficient display area concerning a display in a photoelectric switch. A photoelectric switch includes a housing having a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape. A display 5 is provided on a first surface of the housing and includes a display region. A signal cable 51 connects a control board and the display 5. The display 5 includes a connecting section 70a connected to the signal cable 51. The connecting section 70a is disposed between the display region and the signal cable in the longitudinal direction of the housing. Consequently, a connecting structure for the signal cable 5 capable of securing a sufficient display area concerning the display 5 in the photoelectric switch is provided.

Abstract: To make a display in a photoelectric switch easy to see for a user. A photoelectric switch includes a housing having a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape. A display is attached to a first surface of the outer surface of the housing. A control board is housed on the inside of the housing. A controller is mounted on the control board. The first surface includes a hole-like or cutout-like opening section for allowing a signal cable to pass from the outside to the inside of the housing. The signal cable electrically connects the control board disposed on the inside of the housing and the display disposed on the outside of the housing. A cover member includes a window section for exposing a display region of the display and covers a non-display region of the display. The cover member is provided outside the housing.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with a display. An opaque layer may be formed on an inner surface of a display cover layer in an inactive area of the display. An optical component window may be formed from the opening. A light guide may be aligned with the optical component window and may be used to guide light from the optical component window to an optical component such as an ambient light sensor. The light guide may have a core surrounded by a cladding. The core may be formed from a material such as blue glass that absorbs infrared light and that transmits visible light. Particles of titanium dioxide or other high-refractive-index material may be incorporated into the core to enhance the refractive index of the core. Thin-film interference filters may be formed on the light guide to enhance infrared light blocking.

Abstract: Methods and systems for modulating a manufactured light source are disclosed. Methods and systems of the present disclosure include sensor assemblies having first and second light sensors to retrieve light spectrum data at a target location, such as from a surface in an interior space at a home, office, or commercial building, that also receives daylight exposure. The first light sensor retrieves the light spectrum data within a spectrum of the manufactured light source. The second light sensor retrieves light spectrum data outside of the spectrum of the manufactured light source, yet within the spectrum of daylight. The light spectrum data is used to define spectral characteristics at the target location, such as a ratio of daylight to the manufactured light source, phase of daylight, and average overall quantity, which are used to maximize light-associated benefits of the spectral composition for the occupants at the target location, such as humans, plants, and animals.

Abstract: A method and a device for measuring absorbed energy-momentum symmetry in which radiant energy W·sr?1·m?2·nm?1 is compared directly against its absorbed impinging momentum kg·m·s?1 in a manner that will provide an experimental basis for asymmetrical anomalies that may or may not exist within a measurable range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Abstract: Provided are an atomic emission spectrometer (AES), which may be downscaled with high detection intensity, a semiconductor manufacturing facility including the AES, and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device using the AES. The AES includes: at least one laser generator configured to generate laser beams; a chamber including an elliptical or spherical mirror disposed inside the chamber and configured to reflect the laser beams transmitted into the chamber so that the laser beams are condensed and irradiated on an analyte contained in the chamber to generate plasma and emit plasma light; a supplier connected to the chamber to supply the analyte into the chamber; and a spectrometer configured to receive and analyze the plasma light, and obtain data regarding the plasma light to detect elements in the analyte.

Abstract: A spectrometer for capturing two dimensional images of observed scenes in a sequence of spectral sub-bands wherein each measurement of a sub-band occurs over a two dimensional detector array at the same time. Sub-band measurement sequences are executed based upon, a) environmental conditions, b) user priorities, and, c) results of real-time analysis of the two dimensional spectral scene data outputs from the sensor.

Abstract: Provided are a multi-wavelength photoelectric measurement device, a confocal measurement device, an interference measurement device, and a color measurement device capable of measuring the characteristic amount of a measurement object such as the thickness, distance, displacement, or color with high accuracy using multi-wavelength light such as white light. The multi-wavelength photoelectric measurement device includes a laser light source, a light source optical member for concentrating light from the laser light source, a phosphor excited by light concentrated by the light source optical member, an optical fiber unit that includes one or a plurality of optical fibers and the phosphor disposed on a first end, receives light emitted by the phosphor from the first end, and transmits the received light toward a second end, and a head optical member that concentrates light emitted from the second end of the optical fiber unit toward a measurement object.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus including a display unit includes a processor and a memory storing instructions, when executed by the processor, causing the image processing apparatus to function as a detection unit that detects occurrence of a sheet jammed inside the image processing apparatus and a display control unit that displays a screen based on detection of the occurrence of the jammed sheet. The screen includes a first region for displaying work that a user carries out to remove jammed sheets from inside the image processing apparatus and a second region for displaying work that the user carries out after removing the jammed sheets from inside the image processing apparatus.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for simulating a black body spectrum. The apparatus makes use of a broadband light source and a light guide configured to receive light generated by the light source and to generate first and second optical signals. A first signal processing subsystem may be used to enable adjustment of both a signal spectrum and an intensity of the first optical signal. A second signal processing subsystem may be used to enable adjustment of both a signal spectrum and an intensity of the second optical signal. A beam cube may be used to combine the first and second optical signals to produce a final light output signal having a desired signal spectrum and a desired intensity.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a temperature detection circuit. The temperature detection circuit includes: a first comparator, the first comparator having a first negative input terminal, a first positive input terminal and a first output terminal, the first negative input terminal being connected with an output terminal of a temperature sensor, the first positive input terminal being connected with a first reference voltage terminal; a monostable trigger, an input terminal of the monostable trigger being connected with the first output terminal of the first comparator; a low pass filter, an input terminal of the low pass filter being connected with an output terminal of the monostable trigger. The present disclosure further provides a temperature sensor device and a display device.

Abstract: A sensor system for detecting events is provided. The sensor system includes a sensor and a read-out interface. The sensor includes a transducer and a memory device. The transducer detects an event and generates a sensor signal in response to the event. The memory device includes a floating-gate with a sensing interface coupled to the transducer. The sensing interface has an energy barrier that leaks electrons at a predetermined electron leakage rate through Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) tunneling. The sensor signal alters a geometry of the energy barrier to change the electron leakage rate. The read-out interface is communicatively coupled to the memory device and retrieves data stored on the memory device for analysis. The event and a timestamp of the event are identifiable from the stored data.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a temperature measurement circuit. The temperature measurement circuit includes a bandgap circuit including an amplifier having an offset voltage that is compensated by using a set of trimming bits. The bandgap circuit provides first and second voltages related to a temperature to be measured. The temperature measurement circuit further includes a measuring circuit coupled to receive the first and second voltages. The measuring circuit further includes a comparator coupled to receive the first and second voltages, wherein the measuring circuit derives a temperature measurement from the first and second voltages.

Abstract: A temperature-sensing device configured to monitor a temperature is disclosed. The temperature-sensing device includes: a first capacitor comprising a first oxide layer with a first thickness; a second capacitor comprising a second oxide layer with a second thickness, wherein the second thickness of the second oxide layer is different from the first thickness of the first oxide layer; and a control logic circuit, coupled to the first and second capacitors, and configured to determine whether the monitored temperature is equal to or greater than a threshold temperature based of whether at least one of the first and second oxide layers breaks down.

Abstract: A high-voltage device has an inner conductor and an insulating member that surrounds the inner conductor along the longitudinal direction thereof. In order to increase the reliability of the high-voltage device, at least one optical waveguide rests against the inner conductor in at least some sections, extends out of the insulating member and can be connected to an evaluation unit for recording measured temperature values. Furthermore a method measures a temperature of the inner conductor of the high-voltage device.

Abstract: A self-delayed homodyne interferometer includes light source unit, a splitting unit, an interference signal acquisition unit, a scattered light intensity acquisition unit, and a signal processing unit. The light source unit generates probe light. The splitting unit splits into two branches, Brillouin backscattered light occurring in an optical fiber to be measured with the probe light. The acquisition unit receives scattered light of one branch, and uses a self-delayed homodyne interferometer to generate an interference signal. The acquisition unit receives scattered light of the other branch, and acquires intensity of the scattered light. The signal processing unit separates and acquires a frequency shift amount from the intensity of the interference signal, and strain and temperature change from the intensity of the scattered light. The acquisition unit can change a phase of the scattered light of the one of the two branches.

Abstract: A probe includes a housing defining a flow passage for a first fluid and having an entrance port and an exit port, a sensor configured to sense a parameter of the first fluid and positioned within the flow passage, and a hoop ejector connected externally to the housing such that a channel of the hoop ejector surrounds the exit port. The hoop ejector has a plurality of holes configured to port a second fluid from the channel such that the first fluid is aspirated from the flow passage and out through the exit port.

Abstract: A surgical instrument is provided that includes an elongated shaft; an end effector located at the distal end of the shaft includes first and second jaws having opposing working faces and a pivot axis; at least one of the first and second jaws is mounted to rotatably pivot about the pivot axis. A fluid filled sac includes a first bladder portion and a second bladder portion and a tube portion extending between the first and second bladder portions; the first bladder portion is located at a working face of the first jaw; a sensor is operatively coupled to the second bladder portion to produce a sensor signal indicative of fluid pressure within the fluid filled sac.

Abstract: A force/torque sensor includes a ground unit having an internal space, a sensor unit positioned within the internal space and including a plurality of electrodes generating capacitances with the ground unit, and a support unit combined with a portion of the ground unit and supporting the sensor unit.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a capacitive force sensor that is inexpensive but highly sensitive, and is hardly affected by temperature changes and in-phase noise in the use environment. A force sensor 100c includes: a deformable body 10 having a force receiving portion 14 and a fixed portion 15; a displacement body 20 that is connected to the deformable body 10, and is displaced by elastic deformation caused in the deformable body 10; and a detection circuit 40 that detects an applied force, in accordance with the displacement caused in the displacement body 20. The deformable body 10 includes a tilting portion 13 that has a longitudinal direction I and is disposed between the force receiving portion 14 and the fixed portion 15. The displacement body 20 includes displacement portions D1 and D2 that are connected to the tilting portion 13 and are displaced by tilting movement of the tilting portion 13.

Abstract: Sensors capable of sensing shear and normal forces and suitable for measuring reaction forces on a body region of an individual, and systems and methods. Such a sensor includes a first plate and multiple second plates that are separated from the first plate by a dielectric material to define multiple capacitor units that are each responsive to normal and shear forces applied to the sensor. Each capacitor unit comprises an individual second plate of the second plates and a portion of the first plate that is superimposed by the individual second plate. The second plates are superimposed on the first plate so that a shear force applied to the sensor causes a first portion of at least one of the second plates to not be superimposed on the first plate while a remaining portion of the second plate remains superimposed on the first plate to define a superimposed area therebetween.

Abstract: Components and assemblies for acquisition and analysis of data collected from sites such body surfaces, footwear and apparel, objects, accessories, and the like are directed to providing intermittent and/or continuous monitoring and reporting of conditions such as force, pressure, shear and other conditions, activity and/or environmental parameters at body locations and/or at an interface of a body location and an object. In one aspect, sensor assemblies comprise one or more sensor(s) and/or associated electronics associated with at least one non-conductive carrier layer. Electronic components including sensor acquisition systems (SAS) and dedicated electronics devices (DED) providing electronics components for signal conditioning, data collection, storage, analysis, feedback, communications and optional sensing capabilities are also described.

Abstract: A printed stretchable strain sensor comprises a seamless elastomeric body and a strain-sensitive conductive structure embedded in the seamless elastomeric body. The strain-sensitive conductive structure comprises one or more conductive filaments arranged in a continuous pattern. A method of printing a stretchable strain sensor comprises depositing one or more conductive filaments in a predetermined continuous pattern into or onto a support matrix. After the depositing, the support matrix is cured to embed a strain-sensitive conductive structure in a seamless elastomeric body.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for measuring an exercise quantity. The apparatus for measuring the exercise quantity includes a base fixed to the exercise machine, a load cell mounted on the upper portion of the base to measure a force applied from the upper side, a load support connected to the upper portion of the load cell to press the load cell, a load support pulley coupled to the upper portion of the load support, a guide pulley disposed beside the load support pulley so that a rotational shaft is parallel to the load support pulley, and a rotation angle measuring sensor measuring a rotation angle according to the rotation of the load support pulley, in which the belt, the cable, the rope, or the chain crosses with the load support pulley and the guide pulley.

Abstract: A motor assembly and method for measuring brake backlash using onboard components of the motor assembly. The method includes engaging a brake of the motor assembly, applying torque to an output shaft of the motor assembly in first and second rotational directions and measuring a difference in angular position of the output shaft using a position feedback device of the motor to calculate brake backlash.

Abstract: A diaphragm pressure gauge for measuring a pressure of a fluid includes a cylinder, a pressure measuring unit and a pressure detecting assembly. The pressure measuring unit has first and second diaphragms disposed to define first, second and third subchamber in the cylinder. The first diaphragm includes a main diaphragm layer and a reinforcing layer attached to the main diaphragm layer and in the second subchamber such that the first diaphragm is deformable to permit axial movement when subject to an internal pressure of the fluid introduced in the first subchamber. A connecting rod is disposed in the second subchamber to be actuated by the axial movement of the first diaphragm to move the second diaphragm. The pressure detecting assembly is disposed in the third subchamber to detect the movement of the second diaphragm so as to indicate the pressure of the fluid.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the inventive concept, a pressure sensor package may be disposed in an inner space of an electronic device. The pressure sensor package may include a substrate in which a hole is defined, a pressure sensor disposed on one surface of the substrate to cover the hole and including a membrane, and an insulator disposed on the pressure sensor to cover at least a portion of the membrane. The pressure sensor may be disposed to detect a first pressure of the inner space of the electronic device, which is caused by air flowing through the hole, and a second pressure caused by an external force applied to the electronic device through the insulator.

Abstract: A sensor is configured to attach to a main body and includes a sensor body, a transducer, a transmitter, and a power source. The sensor body is configured to provide a smooth transition with a surface of the main body. The transducer is positioned within the sensor body and is configured to provide a sensed output. The transmitter is positioned within the sensor body and is configured to transmit the sensed output. The power source is positioned within the sensor body and is configured to provide electrical power to the transducer and the transmitter.

Abstract: A pressure-sensor device (1) comprises: a pressure-sensitive component (5, 5a, 6), having a sensor body (5) that includes an elastically deformable membrane part (5a) and at least one detection element (6) suitable for detecting a deformation of the membrane part (5a); a supporting structure (2, 3) for supporting the pressure-sensitive component (5, 5a, 6), having a passageway (15) for a fluid of which a pressure is to be measured. The supporting structure (2, 3) comprises: a supporting body (2) with respect to which the sensor body (5) is positioned in such a way that its membrane part (5a) is exposed to the fluid exiting the passageway (15), the supporting body (2) having at least one through cavity (14), a compressible body (16), which is configured for compensating possible variations of volume of the fluid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a torque or force calibration device for a unit intended to measure or to apply a torque or a force respectively, said device comprising a first part, a second part and at least one flexible element linking the first part to the second part, the second part being mounted to be mobile in rotation or in translation relative to the fixed first part, the device comprising an abutment which limits the displacement of the second part and thereby sets the maximum torque or the maximum force of the calibration device.

Abstract: A leak sensing cable for a leak detector having an impedance sensor operable to measure changes in impedance along a sensing circuit. The leak sensing cable comprises: an inner core, having a first conductive thread electrically connected to the sensing circuit; an inner sheath, coaxially located around the inner core, the inner core being comprised of a permeable, non-conductive material; an outer sheath, coaxially located around the inner sheath, the outer sheath comprising a permeable braided material and having a second conductive thread woven into the permeable braided material, the second conductive thread being electrically connected to the sensing circuit. The first conductive thread is substantially electrically isolated from the second conductive thread when the leak sensing cable is dry and less electrically isolated from the second conductive thread when the leak sensing cable becomes wet.

Abstract: A device for the measurement of electrical properties on a surface. Sensor consists of several conductive elements arranged at vertices of a three-dimensional geometry. As such, the device achieves a favorable sensing configuration regardless of initial orientation. The device includes circuitry for interfacing with the conductive elements. This circuitry determines the electrical properties of the surface. The measurement has many uses, one of which is to discriminate between dry and wet surfaces. This patent presents various analysis methods to determine the electrical property.

Abstract: A system for detecting a gas, oil or water leak and closing a fluid valve in response thereto includes a control unit in which an electronic circuit is mounted. A fluid leak sensor is electrically connected to the electronic circuit. A manipulator unit is operatively coupled to the fluid valve. The fluid leak sensor generates a fluid leak detection signal when a fluid leak is detected. The electronic circuit, in response to the fluid leak detection signal, generates a control signal and provides the control signal to the manipulator unit which, in response to the control signal, causes the fluid valve to close.

Abstract: Various embodiments include an offline leak detection system for a turbomachine fuel system. In some embodiments, the leak detection system includes: a fluid supply system fluidly connected to at least one fuel line of the turbomachine, the fluid supply system for delivering a non-flammable fluid to the combustor; a control system operably connected to the fluid supply system, the control system controlling a flow of the non-flammable fluid through the at least one fuel line, and controlling a pressure of the non-flammable fluid in the at least one fuel line to a pressure substantially equal to an operational fuel pressure of the turbomachine; and an optical monitor for determining a presence of the non-flammable fluid on an exterior of the at least one fuel line, the presence of the non-flammable fluid on the exterior of the at least one fuel line indicating a leak.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a leak sensor assembly which is configured to detect the leakage of gas from a component of a piping system. The leak sensor assembly includes a housing and at least one sensor. The housing is configured to be positioned proximate to the component and forms a pocket which allows gas leaked from the component to concentrate within the pocket in a generally uniform dispersion. The at lease one sensor is configured to detect the presence and concentration of gas within the pocket of the housing.

Abstract: The invention provides a system for detecting leaks in glovebox gloves, the system having a first seal within a glovebox aperture; a second seal contacting exterior surfaces of a glovebox, wherein the exterior surfaces define a periphery of the aperture; a first fluid supply for circumferentially expanding the first seal against center facing surfaces of the aperture to a first pressure; a second fluid supply for inflating the glove to a second pressure; and a pressure gauge for detecting a pressure decrease of the second pressure. Also provided is an in situ method for detecting leaks in glove box gloves, the method having the steps of applying a radially directed force to inside surfaces of cuffs of the gloves to hermetically seal the gloves from the exterior of the glovebox, thereby establishing a seal; inflating the gloves to a pressure; and monitoring the pressure for any decrease in pressure.

Abstract: A system for locating a leak in a building layer comprises a sensing module comprising a cell having a major surface juxtaposed a first surface of the building layer and incorporating mutually spaced electrodes defining a sensing path extending parallel to the cell major surface. Sensing circuitry cooperates with the cell and applies a voltage between the cell electrodes to measure an electrical property. A probe is applied to a second surface of the building layer opposite the first surface and applies a voltage between at least one of the cell electrodes and the probe to measure an electrical property. Control circuitry detects the presence of a leak within the portion of the first surface based on a first measurement; and locates a point of leakage based on a second measurement from the sensing circuitry of the electrical property between the probe and the cell electrodes.

Abstract: The application relates to an apparatus (100) for fatigue testing a wind turbine blade specimen (10), and to a method using such an apparatus (100). The apparatus (100) comprises first and second support assemblies (120, 130) and an actuator (140) for cyclically deflecting the specimen (10) in a first transverse direction. The first and second support assemblies (120, 130) comprise first and second holders (121, 131) for holding first and second ends (12, 14) of the specimen (10), respectively, such that the longitudinal direction (16) of the specimen (10) extends between the first and second holders (121, 131). The first and second support assemblies (120, 130) are arranged such that the first and second holders (121, 131) are rotatable about a second transverse direction perpendicular to the first transverse direction and to the longitudinal direction (16) of the specimen (10).