Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a composition for use in land application. The method comprises: (a) obtaining a fermentation product by a production process comprising the steps of: (i) treating lignocellulosic feedstock to produce sugar; (ii) fermenting the sugar to produce a fermented mixture comprising the fermentation product; and (iii) recovering the fermentation product from the fermented mixture in one or more stages to produce a concentrated fermentation product and still bottoms; and (b) recovering the still bottoms, the still bottoms comprising organic and inorganic components; and (c) providing the still bottoms for use in a land application. Also provided is a soil conditioning composition for use in land application. The soil conditioning composition contains still bottoms and optionally other components.
Abstract: An agrochemical micronutrient concentrate and or formulations with dispersants for said concentrates/formulations, in particular a dispersant for use in suspending solid micronutrients in suspension concentrate type formulations comprising one or more micronutrients. The dispersant is preferably a water dispersible styrene (meth)acrylic copolymer. The micronutrient is selected from zinc oxide, manganese carbonate, manganese oxide, or calcium carbonate, and present in the concentrate at 40 wt. %. or more. The present invention also includes methods of treating crops with such micronutrient formulations.
Abstract: Reaction products and methods for making and using the same are provided. The reaction products particularly may include adducts of two or more reactants. The adducts particularly can incorporate a nitrification inhibitor, such as DCD. In particular embodiments, reaction products may be formed from the reaction of formaldehyde, DCD, urea, and an ammonia source. The adducts may be included in agricultural products, including fertilizer compositions and nitrification inhibitor systems. Fertilizer compositions including the adducts can be beneficial for reducing leaching of nitrification inhibitors applied to soil.
Abstract: A cation source to prevent decomposition of a (thio)phosphoric acid triamide is disclosed. A method for preventing decomposition of a (thio)phosphoric acid triamide by adding a cation source is disclosed. A mixture comprising a cation source and a (thio)phosphoric acid triamide is disclosed. A granule coated with a cation source and comprising a fertilizer is disclosed. A composition obtainable by specific processes and comprising a (thio)phosphoric acid triamide, a fertilizer mixture, and a cation source is disclosed.
Type:
Application
Filed:
March 23, 2017
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Inventors:
Maarten Staal, Johannes G Reuvers, Wolfram Zerulla, Markus Schmid, Uwe Thiel
Abstract: The present application belongs to the field of energetic compounds, and particularly relates to the use of a perovskite-type compound ABX3 as an energetic material. As a finding of the present application, the structural characteristics of the perovskite type enables the type of compound to be highly stable, thus overcoming the unsafety of an explosive having poor stability in the prior art. Meanwhile, the structural characteristics of the compound, such as rich energetic ligands, as well as the alternately arranged oxidizing energetic anions and reducing organic cations in the space, endow the compound with excellent performance on instantaneously releasing energy at detonation. The resulting three-dimensional structure allows the compound to not only have an energetic material effect but also overcome shortcomings of some existing energetic materials.
Type:
Application
Filed:
August 11, 2017
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Applicant:
YICHANG ENERGY MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION LIMITED
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a polyinsaturated perfluorinated compound B from a polyinsaturated perhalogenated compound D having the formula CnX2(n?m+1), in which X is independently selected from one of the halogens, F, Cl, Br or I, provided at least one X is not fluorine; n is the number of carbon atoms and is at least higher than or equal to 4, m is the number of double carbon-carbon bonds and is higher than or equal to 2, wherein the method comprises a step in which compound D is fluorinated in the presence of a fluorinating agent of general formula AFp, in which A is hydrogen, an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and p is 1 or 2, and in the presence of an aprotic organic polar solvent; the method being carried out with a molar ratio of AFp to compound D of less than 1.45*2(n?m+1).
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing hexafluorobutadiene comprising the following steps: (a) hydrodechlorinating hexachlorobutadiene to form a first stream comprising 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobutadiene and optionally unreacted hexachlorobutadiene; (b) fluorinating the first stream comprising 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobutadiene obtained in step (a) to form a second stream comprising 1,1,2,3,4,4-hexafluorobutane, (c) dehydrogenating the second stream comprising 1,1,2,3,4,4-hexafluorobutane to form a third stream comprising hexafluorobutadiene.
Abstract: Process for the continuous hydrogenation of a carboxylic acid (I) to an alcohol (II) by means of hydrogen at a temperature of from 100 to 300° C. and a pressure of 10 to 33 MPa abs in a reactor tube through which axial flow occurs and which has a fixed-bed catalyst which is fixed therein and comprises at least one element from the group consisting of Re, Co and Cu, and in which the carboxylic acid (I) to be hydrogenated is present in a liquid mixture (Ill) comprising the carboxylic acid (I), water and alcohol (II), where the mixture (Ill) has an acid number of from 0.2 to 25 mg KOH/g and comprises at least 15% by weight of water and at least 20% by weight of alcohol (II) and the flow velocity of the flowing liquid calculated on the basis of the geometric cross-sectional area of the empty, catalyst-free reactor tube is from 10 to 50 m/h.
Type:
Application
Filed:
March 29, 2017
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Inventors:
Rolf PINKOS, Stefan RITTINGER, Christoph NUEBLING, Olivier ABILLARD
Abstract: Methods and systems for producing bio-methanol can include anaerobic digestion of a biomass feedstock to produce biogas including methane and carbon dioxide, partial oxidation of the biogas with oxygen from water electrolysis to produce syngas, synthesizing bio-methanol from the syngas and hydrogen from the water electrolysis, storing the bio-methanol during off-peak electricity demand, intermittently generating electricity from the bio-methanol during peak electricity demand and using such electricity for the water electrolysis. The techniques provide a route for the production of bio-methanol without the engagement of fossil fuels as feedstocks and mitigating fossil fuel derived greenhouse gas emissions from processing and utilization of transportation fuels and commercial or industrial alcohols.
Abstract: A process of isolating 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BDO) from a fermentation broth includes separating a liquid fraction enriched in 1,4-BDO from a solid fraction comprising cells, removing water from said liquid fraction, removing salts from said liquid fraction, and purifying 1,4-BDO. A process for producing 1,4-BDO includes culturing a 1,4-BDO-producing microorganism in a fermentor for a sufficient period of time to produce 1,4-BDO. The 1,4-BDO-producing microorganism includes a microorganism having a 1,4-BDO pathway having one or more exogenous genes encoding a 1,4-BDO pathway enzyme and/or one or more gene disruptions. The process for producing 1,4-BDO further includes isolating 1,4-BDO.
Type:
Application
Filed:
May 9, 2018
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Inventors:
Warren Clark, Michael Japs, Mark J. Burk
Abstract: The present invention provides a method for increasing the UV transmittance of ethylene glycol. The method uses an ethylene glycol solution and hydrogen as raw materials, and uses an alloy catalyst comprising nickel, one or more rare-earth elements, tin, and aluminum, the contents thereof in parts by weight being 10-90, 1-5, 1-60, and 5-9, respectively. The method of the present invention uses an inexpensive, stable-in-aqueous-phase, carrier-free alloy as a catalyst, and continuously adds hydrogen to reduce unsaturated impurities in ethylene glycol. In application of the method of the present invention in continuous industrial-scale production, the use of this type of alloy catalyst could be especially significant for the achievement of long-term system stability and control of production costs.
Abstract: The invention relates to a multitubular reactor for dehydrogenation of liquid phase alcohol dehydrogenation and a method of liquid phase alcohol dehydrogenation. Most of the alcohol dehydrogenation reaction is endothermic reaction, the reaction temperature is high and the equilibrium conversion rate is low.
Abstract: Processes to prepare lightly branched surfactant products comprise combining at least one olefin and a coordination-insertion catalyst under conditions such that at least one oligomer product is formed. The surfactant products comprise a main carbon chain containing an average of between 0.5 and 2.
Type:
Application
Filed:
December 13, 2018
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Applicant:
Dow Global Technologies LLC
Inventors:
Paul R. Elowe, Wanglin Yu, Brad C. Bailey, Michael L. Tulchinsky, Andre B. Argenton, Daniel J. Arriola, Jerzy J. Klosin
Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalytic process for preparing an ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, comprising contacting an alkene and carbon dioxide with a carboxylation catalyst being a transition metal complex, an alkoxide, and an organic solvent, to obtain an ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, the organic solvent being incompletely miscible with water at a pressure of 1 bar at at least one temperature T and selected from amides and ureas, T being a temperature in the range from 10° C. to 90° C.
Type:
Application
Filed:
April 4, 2017
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Applicant:
BASF SE
Inventors:
Thomas SCHAUB, Rocco PACIELLO, Nuria HUGUET SUBIELA, Oliver TRAPP, Simone MANZINI
Abstract: The present invention provides methods for monomer production, for example, acrylic acid, wherein the methods comprise oxidizing one or more reactant gases, for example, propylene, in a fixed bed reactor, preferably, two fixed bed reactors, in the presence of oxygen and a mixed metal oxide catalyst to form an oxidized gaseous mixture and, at any point in the oxidizing, feeding or flowing the one or more reactant gases or the oxidized gaseous mixture through an inert macroporous material that has a pore volume of from 0.2 cm3/g to 2.0 cm3/g, a surface area of from 0.01 to 0.6 m2/g, and wherein from 30 to 98 wt. % of the total pore volume in the inert macroporous material has a pore diameter of at least 100 ?m.
Abstract: In processes for the hydrolysis of a methyl acetate with at least one of water and methanol in the presence of at least one Brønsted acid catalyst to produce acetic acid the performance of the catalyst is improved by using a methyl acetate feed in which the total amount of acetaldehyde and 1,1 dimethoxyethane impurities is maintained at 100 ppm wt or less calculated as mass equivalents of acetaldehyde.
Type:
Application
Filed:
December 11, 2018
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Inventors:
Berian John Daniel, John Glenn Sunley, Russell Alan Taylor, Gareth Gerald Armitage
Abstract: A method efficiently produces hydroxycinnamic acids having a high quality, from a cellulose-containing biomass. More specifically, the method includes the steps of: obtaining an alkaline filtrate by allowing an alkaline aqueous medium to pass through a cellulose-containing biomass; obtaining a hydroxycinnamic acid extraction liquid by allowing the alkaline filtrate to repeatedly pass through the cellulose-containing biomass; and separating the hydroxycinnamic acid from the hydroxycinnamic acid extraction liquid.
Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing methyl methacrylate, comprising the following steps: A) producing methacrolein and B) reacting the methacrolein obtained in step A) in an oxidative esterification reaction to give methyl methacrylate, characterized in that the two steps A) and B) take place in a liquid phase at a pressure of from 2 to 100 bar, and step B) is carried out in the presence of a heterogeneous noble-metal-containing catalyst comprising metals and/or comprising metal oxides.
Type:
Application
Filed:
October 16, 2018
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Applicant:
Evonik Roehm GmbH
Inventors:
Steffen KRILL, Torsten BALDUF, Martin KOESTNER, Matthias GROEMPING, Alexander LYGIN, Rudolf BURGHARDT
Abstract: Described herein is an etheramine mixture including at least 90% by weight, based on the total weight of the etheramine mixture, of an amine of Formula (I) and/or (II), wherein R1-R12 are independently selected from H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, or arylalkyl, wherein at least one of R1-R6 and at least one of R7-R12 is different from H, wherein A1-A9 are independently selected from linear or branched alkanediyl groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, wherein Z1-Z4 are independently selected from —OH and linear —OCH2CH2CH2NH2, wherein the degree of amination of each of the etheramines of Formula (I) and Formula (II) is at least 50%, and wherein the sum of x+y is in the range of from 2 to 200, wherein x?1 and y?1; and x1+y1 is in the range of from 2 to 200, wherein x1?1 and y1?1.
Type:
Application
Filed:
March 14, 2017
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Inventors:
Bjoern Ludolph, Sophia Ebert, Christian Eidamshaus, Stefano Scialla, Brian Joseph Loughnane, Karie Marie Henke, Gayle Marie Frankenbach, Jay Frank Nash, Michael Patrick Hayes, Manuel G. Venegas
Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide a compound that may be used in a variety of applications such as corrosion inhibition, additives for metalworking, mining reagents, epoxy curatives, emulsifiers, fuel or lubricant additives, surfactant manufacture, acid scavengers and asphalt additives. The compound has the following structure: where R1 is a methoxy group, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and R6 is an aminomethyl group.
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing 1,5-pentanediisocyanate (PDI) by reacting 1,5-pentanediamine (PDA) with phosgene in the gas phase.
Type:
Application
Filed:
December 7, 2018
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Inventors:
Josef Sanders, Martin Ehrig, Reinhard Halpaap, Manfred Keller-Killewald, Armin Schymura, Dietmar Wastian
Abstract: There is disclosed a cyclic process for producing alkali taurinate from a solution comprising alkali tritaurinate by the ammonolysis in the presence of one or more catalysts. The ammonolysis reaction is catalyzed by alkali salts of hydroxide, sulfate, sulfite, phosphate, or carbonate. Taurine or alkali taurinate is prepared in a yield from 90% to quantitative.
Abstract: There is disclosed a cyclic process for producing alkali taurinate from a solution comprising alkali tritaurinate and isethionate by the ammonolysis in the presence of one or more catalysts. The ammonolysis reaction is catalyzed by alkali salts of hydroxide, sulfate, sulfite, phosphate, or carbonate. Taurine or alkali taurinate is prepared in a yield from 90% to quantitative from alkali isethionate.
Abstract: There is disclosed a cyclic process for producing alkali taurinate from a solution comprising alkali ditaurinate and alkali tritaurinate by the ammonolysis in the presence of one or more catalysts. The ammonolysis reaction is catalyzed by alkali salts of hydroxide, sulfate, sulfite, phosphate, or carbonate. Taurine or alkali taurinate is prepared in a yield from 90% to quantitative by successive ammonolysis.
Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for the prevention and treatment of keratin-based skin diseases. In particular, the application describes compositions and methods of treating a patient suffering from skin blistering comprising the use of phase II enzyme inducers and/or activity modifiers.
Abstract: The invention provides compounds having the general formula I: (i) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the variables RA, RAA, subscript n, ring A, X2, L, subscript m, X1, ring B, R1, and RN have the meaning as described herein, and compositions containing such compounds and methods for using such compounds and compositions.
Type:
Application
Filed:
March 28, 2017
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Applicants:
GENENTECH, INC., XENON PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
Inventors:
Sultan CHOWDHURY, Christoph Martin DEHNHARDT, Thilo FOCKEN, Michael Edward GRIMWOOD, Ivan William HEMEON, Steven MCKERRALL, Daniel SUTHERLIN
Abstract: A salt comprising a group represented by the formula (aa): wherein Xa and Xb independently each represent an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and X1 represents a C1-C12 saturated hydrocarbon group which has a moiety represented by formula (1a) or (2a):
Type:
Application
Filed:
October 10, 2018
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Applicant:
SUMITOMO CHEMICAL COMPANY, LIMITED
Inventors:
Tatsuro MASUYAMA, Satoshi YAMAMOTO, Koji ICHIKAWA
Abstract: The present invention concerns substituted indoline derivatives, methods to prevent or treat dengue viral infections by using said compounds and also relates to said compounds for use as a medicine, more preferably for use as a medicine to treat or prevent dengue viral infections. The present invention furthermore relates to pharmaceutical compositions or combination preparations of the compounds, to the compositions or preparations for use as a medicine, more preferably for the prevention or treatment of dengue viral infections. The invention also relates to processes for preparation of the compounds.
Type:
Application
Filed:
March 31, 2017
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Inventors:
Bart Rudolf, Romanie KESTELEYN, Pierre Jean-Marie, Bernard RABOISSON, Jean-François BONFANTI, Dorothée Alice, Marie-Eve BARDIOT, Arnaud Didier, M MARCHAND
Abstract: The invention relates to novel N-(?-peroxy)indole compounds of Formula I and methods for use. (I) The N-(?-peroxy)indole compounds described herein are useful for treating or preventing parastic infections, bacterial infections, and cancer in subjects. The methods include administering an N-(?-peroxy)indole compound as described herein to a subject. Also described herein are methods for synthesizing N-(?-peroxy)indole compounds.
Abstract: A compound which is the hydrobromide salt of N-{4-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-[(3S)-3-piperidinylsulfonyl]phenyl}-N?-(3-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)urea, compositions, combinations and medicaments containing said compounds and processes for their preparation. The invention also relates to the use of said compounds, combinations, compositions and medicaments.
Type:
Application
Filed:
December 13, 2018
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Inventors:
Francis Dominic SANDERSON, Sarah Mary VALLANCE
Abstract: The present invention relates to crystalline forms of N-{6-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-[2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-2H-indazol-5-yl}-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxamide, to processes for their preparation, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising them and to their use in the control of disorders.
Type:
Application
Filed:
April 25, 2017
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Applicant:
Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft
Inventors:
Tobias THALER, Johannes PLATZEK, Nicolas GUIMOND
Abstract: 4-Alkoxy-3-hydroxypicolinic acids may be conveniently prepared from 4,6-dibromo-3-hydroxypicolinonitrile in a series of chemical steps selected from bromo substitution, nitrile hydrolysis and halogen reduction that are conducted as a single pot process. 4,6-Dibromo-3-hydroxypicolinonitrile may be prepared from furfural in a series of chemical steps selected from cyano-amination, amine salt formation and bromination-rearrangement.
Type:
Application
Filed:
January 23, 2017
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Inventors:
Kenneth E. STOCKMAN, Gregory T. WHITEKER, Erich J. MOLITOR, Nakyen CHOY
Abstract: There are described novel compounds of formula I: in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, X1 and X2 are each as herein defined, for use in the treatment or alleviation of an RAR miated condition: and methods related thereto.
Type:
Application
Filed:
April 6, 2017
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Inventors:
Andrew Whiting, Roy Valentine, David Chisholm, Peter McCaffery, Iain Greig, Thabat Khatib
Abstract: Provided herein is a method for treating a monocarboxylate transporter MCT4-mediated disorder in a subject in need thereof. The method comprises the step of administering to the subject a compound of structural Formula I and/or a salt thereof. The treatment of the monocarboxylate transporter MCT4-mediated disorder may inhibit activity of MCT4, or a mutant thereof, sometimes with at least a 100-fold selectivity for MCT4 over MCT1.
Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds and compositions useful in the treatment of MCT4 mediated diseases, such as proliferative and inflammatory diseases, having the structure of Formula I: Methods of inhibition MCT4 activity in a human or animal subject are also provided.
Type:
Application
Filed:
December 17, 2018
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Inventors:
Kenneth Mark PARNELL, John MCCALL, Donna ROMERO
Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing amorphous form of Sacubitril/Valsartan sodium salt of Formula-II and pharmaceutical composition comprising thereof.
Abstract: The present disclosure relates to inhibitors of zinc-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) useful in the treatment of diseases or disorders associated with an HDAC, e.g., HDAC6, having a Formula I: where R, L, X1, X2, X3, X4, Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 are described herein.
Type:
Application
Filed:
December 12, 2018
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Inventors:
Xiaozhang Zheng, Pui Yee Ng, Bingsong Han, Jennifer R. Thomason, Mary-Margaret Zablocki, Cuixian Liu, Aleksandra Rudnitskaya, David R. Lancia, JR., David S. Millan, Matthew W. Martin, Kenneth W. Bair
Abstract: The present disclosure relates to inhibitors of zinc-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) useful in the treatment of diseases or disorders associated with an HDAC, e.g., HDAC6, having a Formula I: where R, L, X1, X2, X3, X4, Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 are described herein.
Type:
Application
Filed:
December 12, 2018
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Inventors:
Xiaozhang Zheng, Pui Yee Ng, Bingsong Han, Jennifer R. Thomason, Mary-Margaret Zablocki, Cuixian Liu, Aleksandra Rudnitskaya, David R. Lancia, JR., David S. Millan, Matthew W. Martin, Kenneth W. Bair
Abstract: The present disclosure relates to inhibitors of zinc-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) useful in the treatment of diseases or disorders associated with an HDAC, e.g., HDAC6, having a Formula I: where R, L, X1, X2, X3, X4, Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 are described herein.
Type:
Application
Filed:
December 12, 2018
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Inventors:
Xiaozhang Zheng, Pui Yee Ng, Bingsong Han, Jennifer R. Thomason, Mary-Margaret Zablocki, Cuixian Liu, Aleksandra Rudnitskaya, David R. Lancia, JR., David S. Millan, Matthew W. Martin, Kenneth W. Bair
Abstract: The present disclosure relates to inhibitors of zinc-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) useful in the treatment of diseases or disorders associated with an HDAC, e.g., HDAC6, having a Formula I: where R, L, X1, X2, X3, X4, Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 are described herein.
Type:
Application
Filed:
December 12, 2018
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Inventors:
Xiaozhang Zheng, Pui Yee Ng, Bingsong Han, Jennifer R. Thomason, Mary-Margaret Zablocki, Cuixian Liu, Aleksandra Rudnitskaya, David R. Lancia, JR., David S. Millan, Matthew W. Martin, Kenneth W. Bair
Abstract: The present disclosure relates to inhibitors of zinc-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) useful in the treatment of diseases or disorders associated with an HDAC, e.g., HDAC6, having a Formula I: where R, L, X1, X2, X3, X4, Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 are described herein.
Type:
Application
Filed:
December 12, 2018
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Inventors:
Xiaozhang Zheng, Pui Yee Ng, Bingsong Han, Jennifer R. Thomason, Mary-Margaret Zablocki, Cuixian Liu, Aleksandra Rudnitskaya, David R. Lancia, JR., David S. Millan, Matthew W. Martin, Kenneth W. Bair
Abstract: The present invention relates to inhibitors of zinc-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) useful in the treatment of diseases or disorders associated with HDAC6, having a Formula I: where R, L, X1, X2, X3, X4, Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 are described herein.
Type:
Application
Filed:
December 17, 2018
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Inventors:
Xiaozhang Zheng, Pui Yee Ng, Bingsong Han, Jennifer R. Thomason, Mary-Margaret Zablocki, Cuixian Liu, Aleksandra Rudnitskaya, David R. Lancia, JR., David S. Millan, Matthew W. Martin
Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds of the Formula (I), to a process for their preparation and to their use as medicaments, in particular as antiviral medicaments.
Abstract: Provide herein are compounds and pharmaceutical compositions suitable as modulators of hemoglobin, methods and intermediates for their preparation, and methods for their use in treating disorders mediated by hemoglobin and disorders that would benefit from tissue and/or cellular oxygenation.
Type:
Application
Filed:
March 30, 2018
Publication date:
April 18, 2019
Inventors:
Brian W. Metcalf, Zhe Li, Qing Xu, Stephen L. Gwaltney, II, Jason R. Harris, Calvin W. Yee