Abstract: A cooking appliance uses machine learning models to provide better automation of the cooking process. As one example, a cooking appliance has a cook chamber in which food is placed for cooking. A camera is positioned to view an interior of the cook chamber. When food is placed inside the cook chamber, the camera captures images of the food. From the images, the machine learning model determines various attributes of the food, such as the type of food and/or the amount of food, and the cooking process is controlled accordingly. The machine learning model may be resident in the cooking appliance or it may be accessed via a network.

Abstract: A cooking-conveying-batching apparatus for automatic cooking and food production. It uses the principle of rotation to cook, convey and formulate batching. Cooking containers are rotated by a curved bevel track that lowers the cooking containers into a heat source cooker. At the end of the cooking process the cooking containers are raised and rotate to deposit the cooked food into conveying containers. The conveying containers rotate towards a batching container that deposits ingredients into the food-containing conveying containers..

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided an air-frying cooker (1) comprising: a cooking chamber (20); a food receiving container (5) in the cooking chamber (20) having a permeable bottom wall (9); a heater (19) for heating air in the cooking chamber (20); a fan (18) for circulating a flow of hot air in the cooking chamber (20) to cook the food; and a system (13) to maintain a predetermined level (LI) of water in the cooking chamber (20) during cooking. The predetermined level (LI) is disposed between a base (11) of the cooking chamber (20) and the bottom wall (9) of the food container (5).

Abstract: Provided is a cooking apparatus in which a heating plate, a frame, and a pocket part are independently provided and which has a structure that is capable of securing use convenience and safety by a coupled structure of the heating plate, the frame, and the pocket part.

Abstract: A grilling tool is described herein that has a replaceable tip, and can be used with a variety of other attachments. The grilling tool can be made of a heat-conformable material such that during use grooves are formed in the replaceable tip that correspond to a grilling surface on which it is used. Once the grooves are too deep or the tip is fully used, the tip can be replaced.

Abstract: A smart charger plate heater for heating dinner plates. The charger plate heater is configured to detect the use of the charger plate by sensing the temperature and weight, and automatically set a heating temperature to heat the charger plate after a time-period. Heating of one or more such charger plate may started/controlled by a mobile device using a single touch. The charger plate in use and not in use status is displayed in a layout format for easy view, heating control and identification of location of table/seat where a service is needed.

Abstract: A natural material grinding and cutting device provides a tool for processing natural materials. One portion of the tool is used to slice materials into strips and another portion of the tool is used to process materials into mulch or fine particulate. A two piece embodiment of the device includes a top structure rotatably coupled to a bottom structure. The underside of the top structure and the topside of the bottom structure include open faced chambers for disposing a set of cutting projections or teeth. When the top structure joins to the bottom structure, the open faced chambers combine to form a grinding chamber for grinding natural materials. The bottom structure further includes a cutting portion comprising a cutting chamber, a blade, and a base. In some examples, the blade is removably disposed a slot located in the lower middle portion of the cutting chamber.

Abstract: A bath tub 100 for neonatal bathing including a backrest 112 that provides support for the baby at an inclined position, and a seat 152 to cooperate with the backrest 112 to flex the baby's hips to suppress the baby's urge to sit up or squirm. Embodiments may include side supports 136, 138 and/or stabilizer ribs 166, 168 to resist baby rotation about the seat 152. The tub 100 may be structured to reduce leverage to the baby to resist baby's turning over during a bath. A drain path 180 is desirably provided to maintain thermal equilibrium in the water during a bath. A system 240 may include a plurality of bathing accessories and a disposable sterile liner 264 to permit reuse of the tub 100, and/or an optional storage bag 268 to store the tub 100, and even a system 240, at a convenient location.

Abstract: A fluid dispenser having a housing with a cover coupled to the housing for movement between a closed position and an open position and a lifting member coupled to the housing between the housing and the cover whereby movement of the lifting member as guided by the housing moves the cover between the open position and the closed position.

Abstract: A wash brush for shower/bath that includes a handle and a brush head. The handle is attached to the brush head and there is a storage space within the handle, forming an internal passage. Liquids may be stored in the storage space and is in fluid communication with the inside of the brush head, allowing the liquid to seep into and through the brush head. The simple and compact design of the wash brush is ideal for travel and satisfied many different needs.

Abstract: Toilet paper includes a cylindrical paper tube, and belt-shaped paper wound around the paper tube as a core. Floral-note or fruity-floral-note fragrance is applied to the paper tube. The fragrance is a modification fragrance which, in a toilet space, modifies a fecal odor containing at least methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide. An application amount of the modification fragrance is at least 0.4 mass % but no more than 6 mass % to the paper tube of the toilet paper.

Abstract: A rotary buffer capable of adjusting damping includes a shaft sleeve, a rotating shaft, two oil valve plates, and an adjusting nut. An outer wall of a spindle is provided with wing plates. A left curved surface and a right curved surface of the spindle are arranged in a symmetrical and interlaced manner to form an oil gap. Each wing plate is mated with a corresponding one of the oil valve plates. Two sides of each wing plate are provided with pressure regulation passages communicating with an inner cavity of the shaft sleeve and an outer end face of a supporting shaft. The adjusting nut is provided with a platform surface to get contact with the outer end face of the supporting shaft for sealing the pressure regulation passages.

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner includes a vacuum body assembly. The vacuum body assembly includes a housing having a base end, a mount hook connected to the housing, a debris container removably coupled to the housing, and a suction source. The suction source is able to draw air into the debris container. A harness assembly is removably connected to the vacuum body assembly. The vacuum cleaner is convertible between a carry mode, a stand mode, and a hang mode. The harness assembly is connected to the vacuum body assembly in the carry mode, and the harness assembly is to be worn by a user. The base end of the vacuum body assembly may rest on a support surface in the stand mode. The hook of the vacuum body assembly may hang the body assembly from a mount structure in the hang mode.

Abstract: Industrial vacuum cleaner configured for servicing at least one construction tool (2), said vacuum cleaner (1) comprising a vacuum inlet (3), wherein said vacuum cleaner (1) further comprises a controller (8) and connected to said controller (8) a wireless transceiver (10), a memory (12), and at least one location and/or orientation sensor (11) configured for detection of vacuum cleaner location and/or localization of other objects in relation to the vacuum cleaner (1) and wherein the vacuum cleaner (1) further comprises means for propulsion (13) controlled by said controller (8).

Abstract: A robotic vacuum cleaner equipped with a holonomic drive that can drive in a given direction, e.g., north (with its assigned orientation being north) and move in a different direction, e.g., east, north-east, or any direction) while maintaining its assigned orientation or that of any desired portion of the robot such as an intake, bank of sensors, or any other portion of the robot that is needed for a particular maneuver.

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner has a main body, a motor-driven fan unit, a printed circuit board for controlling the motor-driven fan unit and a housing encasing a portion of the printed circuit board. A heat sink of the printed circuit board extends through the housing from an interior of the housing to an exterior of the housing. The printed circuit board is disposed within the main body such that the heat sink is located in an air-flow path through the main body.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a cleaner according to one embodiment, which includes a cleaner body, a grip member disposed on the cleaner body to be gripped by a user, a pressure sensor part disposed in the grip member to detect pressure applied by the user to a part of an outer surface of the grip member, a driving unit disposed at a lower portion of the cleaner body to move the cleaner body, and a controller to control the driving unit based on the detected pressure.

Abstract: In a vacuum cleaner (VC) comprising a motor-fan aggregate (A), and a control for controlling a power setting (PS) of the motor-fan aggregate (A), a processor (?P) is arranged for protecting the motor-fan aggregate (A) from overheating and/or entering a stall regime in dependence on a comparison of a parameter relating to a flow rate with a threshold that is representative of the rotation speed (N) of the aggregate (A). The threshold may depend on a power setting (PS) of the motor-fan aggregate (A) or a current through the motor-fan aggregate (A). The parameter relating to the flow rate may be a pressure difference between on the one hand a position upstream or downstream of the motor-fan aggregate (A), and on the other hand, ambient, a pressure difference over a known component, a pressure difference over the motor-fan aggregate (A), and/or—if the threshold depends on the power setting (PS)—a rotation speed of the motor-fan aggregate (A).

Abstract: A brushing device comprises a handle 1 with a brush head 2 at its lower, in use, end. The carrier carries a broom brush 3, which is extensible for sweeping dust, and a rotating brush 4 for picking up swept dust for delivery to a dust receptacle 47. The carrier 2 is a three piece injection moulding, comprised of a front cover 5, a back cover 6 and a central moulding 7. The covers are connected to the central moulding and the each other by conveniently positioned screws in integrally moulded screw bosses that do not need to be separately described, but at least some of which can be seen on the drawings. The central moulding has an upwardly open void 8 between a pair of upwardly extend, converging fingers 9, which engage in slots 10 in a tubular part 11 of a broom brush extender 12.

Abstract: A coupling mechanism for removably coupling a storage cart to a surface maintenance machine includes a cart-side connector connectable to the storage cart and a machine-side connector connectable to the surface maintenance machine. The coupling mechanism includes a connecting rod engageable with the machine-side connector. The coupling mechanism includes a bracket assembly positioned between the cart-side connector and the machine-side connector. The bracket assembly can receive the connecting rod to engage therewith to facilitate a first relative movement between the connecting rod and a portion of the bracket assembly in a direction perpendicular to a floor surface on which the surface maintenance machine is traveling, and a pivoting of the bracket assembly about a pivot axis passing through the connecting rod.

Abstract: A flood detection sensor for a dishwasher appliance is provided. The flood detection sensor includes features that allow for detection of flood events or tub overfills without sacrificing performance or efficiency of the dishwasher during normal operating conditions and for secure mounting to a tub lip of the dishwasher.

Abstract: A liquid filtering system for a dishwasher, having a housing defining a filter chamber and configured to be fluidly coupled to a recirculation flow path of the dishwasher, a filter located within the filter chamber and having a first end axially spaced from a second end and defining a filter there between that has a first surface and a second surface, the filter being positioned within the recirculation flow path to filter soils from liquid flowing through the recirculation flow path as the liquid passes through the filter and a flow diverter to aid in cleaning the filter.

Abstract: A starter circuit for an electronic device includes a rectifier circuit having an input coupled to an antenna; a Schmidt trigger coupled to the rectifier circuit; a pulse timer circuit coupled to receive pulses from the Schmidt trigger and configured to measure pulse characteristics to determine whether the pulses are part of a valid startup sequence and to generate a reset signal if the pulses are not part of a valid startup sequence; and a counter having first and second inputs coupled to outputs of the pulse timer circuit, the counter configured to output a signal to initiate power-on of a component of the electronic device a when its count value reaches a predetermined value.

Abstract: The invention relates to an endoscope control device for a non-rigid endoscope, including a tiltable control element for effecting a deflection movement by means of a transmission wire, the control element including a wire guiding means for guiding a wire; the wire, which is arranged at the control element on the wire guiding means for realizing the deflection movement; and a wire tensioning body in which a proximal end of the wire is anchored and which is movable relative to the control element for changing the tension of the wire between the wire guiding means and the wire tensioning body.

Abstract: An endoscope comprises an insertion portion having a distal-end surface configured to be inserted into a body. The insertion portion includes a suction port being formed in the distal-end surface for drawing in liquid from the body. A protrusive portion having a passageway formed thereto. The protrusive portion is protruded from the distal-end surface. The passageway is formed in the protrusive portion to remove the liquid positioned in facing relationship with respect to the distal-end surface and opposite of the suction port across the protrusive portion toward the suction port.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes an illuminator comprising a light source adapted to emit light of a light amount corresponding to a magnitude of supply energy, the illuminator configured to emit the light in a form of illumination light for illuminating a subject; an imager configured to image the subject to acquire an image; a controller configured to control the illuminator by adjusting the magnitude of the supply energy within a range less or equal to a maximum supply value, to bring brightness of the illumination light close to a target value; and a setter configured to set the maximum supply value according to a temperature of the light source.

Abstract: The disclosed technology is directed to an endoscopic apparatus comprises an endoscope having a cable connected to an electronic circuit part of the endoscope. The cable includes an elongated covering and an elongated component configured to be concentrically engaged with the elongated covering. A securing member is used to bind and to secure the elongated covering and the elongated component to one another. The elongated covering includes at least one recess formed on an outer circumferential area of the elongated covering on which the securing member binds and secures the elongated covering. The securing member has a portion that sinks in the at least one recess and secures the elongated covering and the elongated component that is exposed through the at least one recess.

Abstract: The present subject matter provides a water bottle cap assembly, a water bottle cap, and two adapters for endoscopic devices. The cap assembly includes a cap with an annular sealing platform and a sealing ring, a multi-channel passage member, and a channel connector. The adapter includes a molded retention. Another adapter includes a cage grip.

Abstract: An insertion tool includes a drive power transmitting mechanism disposed on a proximal-end portion of an insertion portion, for transmitting drive power to a driven member disposed on a distal-end side of the insertion portion. The drive power transmitting mechanism includes a gear train for transmitting drive power from a drive source that generates the drive power, and a joint mechanism for joining the drive source to the gear train to transmit the drive power from the drive source to the gear train and unjoining the drive source from the gear train.

Abstract: This invention relates to a tip protector for an instrument such as an endoscope or borescope, the instrument comprising an elongate shaft having a distal tip and said tip including an end face. A tip protector device comprises a guard portion including an elongate tubular portion and a cap arranged to extend over the end face of the instrument; first and second connection members extending from the tubular portion and being movable relative to each other between a first, disengaged position in which said tip of the instrument can be inserted into and removed from the guard portion, and a second, gripping position in which the tip protector grips the shaft of the instrument, the first and second connection members being biased in the first position; and complementary engagement features on the first and second connection members configured to retain the first and second connection members in the gripping position.

Abstract: An instrument for use with an endoscope may include an elongate section configured to move exterior to the endoscope. The elongate section may include a distal end and a proximal end. The instrument may also include an end effector attached to the distal end of the elongate section, and an actuation device attached to the proximal end of the elongate section. The actuation device may be configured to operate the end effector. The instrument may also include a guiding member coupled to the elongate section. The guiding member may be configured to be coupled to an external surface of the endoscope to permit the guiding member to move longitudinally relative to the endoscope. The guiding member may be coupled to the elongate section such that the end effector may extend past a distal end of the endoscope and move in a transverse direction independent of the movement of the distal end of the endoscope.

Abstract: A body-insertable apparatus includes an image sensor including a first pixel configured to receive light of a first wavelength band and to generate a first signal, a second pixel configured to receive light of a second wavelength band different from the first wavelength band and to generate a second signal, and a third pixel configured to receive a third wavelength band different from the first and second wavelength bands and to generate a third signal; and a processor comprising hardware, the processor being configured to allocate part of at least one of the first signal and the second signal to the third signal, when first light is received on the first and second pixels, the first light including at least one of the light of the first wavelength band and the light of the second wavelength band and excluding the light of the third wavelength band.

Abstract: Bilateral illumination attachment for dental camera is a light source that is reversibly attachable to any dental camera. Bilateral illumination attachment for dental camera has two light sources that directly face each other. When properly attached to a dental camera, bilateral illumination attachment for dental camera effectuates sub-enamel illumination or bilateral illumination of a tooth, so that the dental camera may capture a photo or image of the illuminated tooth. Bilateral illumination attachment for dental camera has a specially shaped rigid body that makes a slip-fit, press-fit, or snap-fit with the exterior surface of any dental camera. The distal end of specially shaped rigid body is sterilizeable. Bilateral illumination attachment for dental camera has a plurality of replaceable tooth cups where each tooth cup contains the two light sources. Replaceable tooth cups are placed on the tooth to effectuate sub-enamel illumination or bilateral illumination. Replaceable tooth cups are sterilizeable.

Abstract: An illuminating device includes narrow band light sources including same-color narrow band light sources each configured to emit same-color narrow band light. The same-color narrow band light sources are divided into groups each including at least one narrow band light source. The illuminating device also includes a same-color light source controller configured to control the same-color narrow band light sources and perform light control of emitted light from the same-color narrow band light sources by increasing or decreasing, for each of the groups, an emitted-light quantity of the same-color narrow band light sources within a predetermined reference period, by a unit gradation in a predetermined order.

Abstract: An endoscope light source device is constituted by a first light source unit that emits light in a first wavelength band, a second light source unit that emits light in a second wavelength band, a light path combining means for combining the light paths of the light emitted from the first and second light source units, and a light source control means for controlling light emission of the light source units separately. When the light source units are driven to emit light in a first mode, the respective wavelength bands of light are emitted at a first intensity ratio and combined with each other to obtain normal light, which is supplied to an endoscope.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus configured to acquire an image of an observation object includes a light source unit and an imaging system. The light source unit includes a first light source configured to emit first narrow band light selected based on an absorption spectrum of a first characteristic substance, and a second light source configured to emit second narrow band light selected based on an absorption spectrum of a second characteristic substance. The imaging system includes an image sensor configured to separately acquire a first image by the first narrow band light and a second image by the second narrow band light.

Abstract: A surgical access device is configured to provide an access path via an elongated cannula so that a medical scope can be advanced into a surgical field within a patient. A housing of the surgical access device encloses a wipe assembly configured to clean a lens of the medical scope. An access passage having an axis can be defined within the housing, and the wipe assembly can be spaced from the access passage so that the medical scope is angled off of the access passage axis in order for the lens to engage the wipe assembly. Portions of the housing can define fulcrum surfaces about which the medical scope can be rotated in order to align the lens with the wipe assembly.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cleaning at least one optical element of an imaging system is disclosed, the imaging system having a distal end inserted into a patient during a medical procedure. The apparatus includes a manifold removably receivable on the distal end of the imaging system, the manifold having an inlet for receiving a flow of cleaning fluid and including a plurality of nozzles in communication with the inlet, each nozzle being aligned to direct cleaning fluid toward the at least one optical element when the manifold is received on the distal end of the imaging system. The apparatus also includes a feed tube in communication with the inlet for supplying cleaning fluid to the manifold, the feed tube having an end for removably coupling to a cleaning fluid supply, the feed tube being routed external to the imaging system when the manifold is received on the distal end of the imaging system.

Abstract: An endoscope includes an optical transmission module configured to convert each of the image pickup signal and the test signal into an optical signal and output the optical signal, and a signal amplitude measuring section configured to add signal amplitude information to the image pickup signal and the test signal, and a video processor includes an optical reception module configured to receive the optical signals and convert each of the optical signals into an electric signal and output the electric signal, an information acquiring section configured to acquire transmission information on each of the optical signals, the transmission information including the signal amplitude information, a determination section configured to determine a state of transmission of the optical signal, and a power supply adjusting section configured to adjust the applied voltage for the optical transmission module according to a result of the determination and output the applied voltage.

Abstract: An apparatus for imaging an interior of an eye includes a light sensitive sensor, a plurality of light emitters (LEs) capable of outputting light, a plurality of nonvisible light emitters (NV-LEs) capable of outputting nonvisible light, and a controller. The controller is coupled to the plurality of LEs, the plurality of NV-LEs, and the light sensitive sensor, and the controller implements logic that when executed by the controller causes the apparatus to perform operations. The operations include illuminating the eye with the nonvisible light from the plurality of NV-LEs, and determining an amount of reflection of the nonvisible light from the eye for each of the NV-LEs in the plurality of NV-LEs. The operations also include illuminating the eye with selected one or more of the LEs in the plurality of LEs, and capturing, with the light sensitive sensor, a sequence of images of the interior of the eye while the eye is illuminated with the light from the LEs.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to automated method and system for vision assessment of a subject. The method comprises: determining a set of test patterns for the subject based on a preliminary assessment of an eye of the subject; displaying the set of test patterns sequentially to the subject; collecting data on the subject's gaze in response to each test pattern displayed to the subject; and assessing vision functionality of the subject based on the collected gaze data.

Abstract: A refraction device includes a main body, a spherical power lens coupled to the main body, an astigmatic power lens movably coupled to the main body, and a visual display coupled to the main body and oriented toward an optical pathway extending through the spherical power lens and the astigmatic power lens. The visual display is configured to display an image for testing visual acuity.

Abstract: The disclosed technology is directed to placing two galvanometer mirrors in a pupil conjugate relationship and at the same time preventing astigmatism from occurring while preventing images from being degraded by flaws and foreign matter on a lens. A scanning optical system includes two one-dimensional scanning means disposed closely to each other at a spaced interval therebetween in an optical axis direction for scanning a light beam from a light source in two scanning directions. An objective lens for focusing the light beam scanned by the scanning means onto a target. A plurality of optical elements is disposed in positions spaced from an intermediate image plane in the optical axis direction and having different optical powers in the two scanning directions. The positions and the optical powers of the respective optical elements are set to compensate for the spaced interval between the two scanning means in the optical axis direction.

Abstract: Optical texture analysis of the inner retina, including the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), or inner plexiform layer (IPL), or a combination of these layers, can be used to detect and quantify RNFL/GCL/IPL abnormalities. From a set of scans of a retina, anterior and posterior boundaries of an inner retinal layer of interest can be determined. Optical density measurements at specific locations on the retina and depths within the layer of interest can be extracted from the scans. From these measurements, a set of optical texture signature values corresponding to different locations can be computed, where the optical texture signature value for a given location provides information about a tissue composition of the inner retinal layer at that location. The texture signature values can provide a topographical map of a retinal layer, which can facilitate detection and quantification of abnormalities.

Abstract: OCT-enabled injection for vitreoretinal surgery may involve using an OCT image to detect when a surgical injector penetrates a desired tissue layer of the eye for receiving an injection. The injection may be triggered or automatically actuated based on the detection of the surgical injector from the OCT image.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus according to various embodiments of the present disclosure may comprise: a sensor unit for sensing the movement of the electronic apparatus; a communication unit for communicating with an external apparatus; an input unit for receiving a user input; an output unit for providing information to a user; and a control unit for outputting a message inducing a particular action to the user through the output unit on the basis of medical information of the user and the movement of the electronic apparatus, or controlling the communication unit to transmit information related to the electronic apparatus to an external apparatus.

Abstract: A system includes an implant configured to be inserted subcutaneously into an individual, a transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly with the implant, and a database provided with at least one of the transceiver, a user device, and a remote storage device. The implant includes a sensor module configured to measure data relating to a health of the individual. The transceiver is configured to provide a first signal to the implant that conveys energy to power the implant and a second signal to the transceiver that contains the data. The database is operatively coupled to the transceiver and configured to store the data. The at least one of the transceiver, the user device, and the remote storage device include a processing circuit configured to access the database and provide the data to a user.

Abstract: A system includes an interventional device, a tracking device, an optical tracking system, at least one processor, and a display unit. The interventional device includes an insertion portion and an exterior portion. The insertion portion is configured for use inside of a patient to perform an interventional procedure. The tracking device is disposed proximate to the exterior portion of the interventional device. The optical tracking system is configured to cooperate with the tracking device to provide tracking imaging corresponding to a location and orientation of the tracking device. At least one processor is configured to correlate the tracking imaging information with an anatomical image of the patient to provide a combined image during a medical task for which at least a portion of the insertion portion of the interventional device is disposed inside of the patient. The display unit is configured to display the combined image.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light source device configured to irradiate an object with visible light and excitation light, an imaging device including a first substrate on which a plurality of first photoelectric conversion elements configured to detect a visible light within reflected light from the object are formed, a second substrate on which a plurality of second photoelectric conversion elements configured to detect light of an infrared region within the reflected light transmitted through the first substrate are formed, and an interlayer filter configured to attenuate the light of the visible region transmitted through the first substrate, and a setting device configured to set a light emission intensity of the visible light radiated by the light source device so that first photoelectric conversion elements is able to detect the visible light and a detection value of light detected by second photoelectric conversion element become less than or equal to a predetermined value.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods utilizing an infrared probe and discriminating software to rapidly discriminate normal tissue processes from normal tissue during surgery, physical examination of in-situ lesions, and in the assessment of biopsy and resected tissue specimens. Examples demonstrate discrimination of cancerous from noncancerous tissues. The discriminating software, i.e. the metrics, algorithms, calibrant spectra, and decision equations, allows tissue to be identified as abnormal or normal using a minimum of infrared (IR) wavelengths in order to be measured rapidly. The probe records IR metrics approximately 1000 times faster than current commercial instruments, i.e. on a timescale fast enough for clinical use. The probe uses a tunable mid-infrared laser with a small set of selected wavelengths that are optimized for detecting the chemical and molecular signatures of tissue specific lesions to include, but not limited to, cancer, preneoplasia, intracellular accumulations (e.g.