Abstract: A method of modeling lungs of a patient includes acquiring computed tomography data of a patient's lungs, storing a software application within a memory associated with a computer, the computer having a processor configured to execute the software application, executing the software application to differentiate tissue located within the patient's lung using the acquired CT data, generate a 3-D model of the patient's lungs based on the acquired CT data and the differentiated tissue, apply a material property to each tissue of the differentiated tissue within the generated 3-D model, generate a mesh of the 3-D model of the patient's lungs, calculate a displacement of the patient's lungs in a collapsed state based on the material property applied to the differentiated tissue and the generated mesh of the generated 3-D model, and display a collapsed lung model of the patient's lungs based on the calculated displacement of the patient's lungs.

Abstract: Methods, systems and devices for pre-operatively planned total or partial joint surgery including, for example, anatomic and reverse shoulder surgery guides and implants. There are also methods for pre-operative planning methods for designing glenoid implants and prostheses, particularly with patient-specific augmentation, based on considerations of multiple factors affecting the outcome of a selected reverse or anatomic shoulder surgery. There are also described methods of performing total or partial joint surgery, including anatomic or reverse shoulder surgery, using surgery guides and implants in patients undergoing joint surgery.

Abstract: A virtual or augmented reality system is disclosed which is capable of both (i) evaluating prospective implantable neurostimulator patient candidates, and (ii) determining optimal stimulation settings for already-implanted neurostimulation patients. Physiological sensors are included with the system to provide objective measurements relevant to a patient's symptoms, such as pain in a Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) system. Such objective measurements are determined during the presentation of various virtual or augmented environments, and can be useful to determining which patients are suitable candidates to consider for implantation. Stimulation settings for already-implanted patients may be adjusted while presenting a virtual or augmented environment to the patient, with objective measurements being determined for each stimulation setting. Such objective measurements can then be used to determine optimal stimulation settings for the patient.

Abstract: A method and system are provided to intraoperatively adjust the dimensions of a pre-operatively planned implant cavity to improve implant fit in a bone. The method includes obtaining a preoperative image data set of the bone. A surgical plan is generated using the image data set and/or a three-dimensional (3-D) bone model of the patient's bone generated from the image data set. Intraoperatively, the patient's bone is exposed and registered to the surgical plan and a computer assisted surgical system. The computer assisted surgical system having a cutting tip and a force sensor for sensing actual forces exerted on the cutting tip as an initial cut is created on the bone at a first bone region. Based on the difference between the actual cutting force and the expected cutting force in the plan, the dimensions of the cavity are adjusted accordingly.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to the field of energy transfer mapping, including fixtures with two-dimensional and three-dimensional sensor arrays. In particular, the present disclosure relates to devices and methods for mapping of energy transfer from and/or to an instrument inserted within and/or into body tissue, including the depths and patterns of penetration and/or amounts of energy transfer to and/or from an instrument delivered within biological tissue or materials that mimic biological tissue, including within fixtures with three-dimensional temperature sensor arrays configured to simulate anatomical geometries such as the gastrointestinal (GI) or respiratory tract.

Abstract: Enhanced targeting systems and methods may be used to visualize trajectories for surgical instruments. Such a targeting system may have a first light source and a second light source. The first light source may project first light along a first plane, and the second light source may project second light along a second plane nonparallel to the first plane. At an intersection of the first and second planes, the first light and the second light may cooperate to produce a targeting line that indicates the desired trajectory. An image capture system may also be used to capture image data of anatomical features of a patient at one or more locations in space, and a controller may receive the image data and indicate the trajectory relative to the anatomical features of the patient.

Abstract: A collapsible detection antenna (10) to detect electromagnetic tags (12) of surgical articles (14) in an operating room (16) includes an antenna assembly (18) configured to detect the electromagnetic tags (12). The antenna assembly (18) is configured to move between a deployed configuration and a collapsed configuration. In the deployed configuration, the antenna assembly forms an antenna loop (20) configured to detect the electromagnetic tags (12). The antenna assembly (18) has a greater detection range in the deployed configuration than in the collapsed configuration. The deployed configuration corresponds to a tuned shape of the antenna assembly (18) sufficient to detect the electromagnetic tags (12) in the deployed configuration.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, the systems, apparatus, and methods disclosed herein relate to robotic surgical systems with built-in navigation capability for patient position tracking and surgical instrument guidance during a surgical procedure, without the need for a separate navigation system. Robotic based navigation of surgical instruments during surgical procedures allows for easy registration and operative volume identification and tracking. The systems, apparatus, and methods herein allow re-registration, model updates, and operative volumes to be performed intra-operatively with minimal disruption to the surgical workflow. In certain embodiments, navigational assistance can be provided to a surgeon by displaying a surgical instrument's position relative to a patient's anatomy.

Abstract: A computer-assisted imaging and localization system assists the physician in positioning implants and instruments into a patient's body. The system displays overlapping images—one image of the surgical site with the patient's anatomy and another image showing the implant(s) or instrument(s). The overlapping image of the implant/instrument is moved over the static image of the anatomy as the implant/instrument is moved. These moving image of the implant/instrument can be an unaltered image or an image altered to intensify or mitigate the anatomical or non-anatomical aspects of the moving image. Sliding these images over one another helps the surgeon in positioning devices or instruments with a high degree of accuracy and with a limited number of additional x-rays.

Abstract: A computer-assisted imaging and localization system assists the physician in positioning implants and instruments into a patient's body. The system displays overlapping images—one image of the surgical site with the patient's anatomy and another image showing the implant(s) or instrument(s). The overlapping image of the implant/instrument is moved over the static image of the anatomy as the implant/instrument is moved. These moving image of the implant/instrument can be an unaltered image or an image altered to intensify or mitigate the anatomical or non-anatomical aspects of the moving image. Sliding these images over one another helps the surgeon in positioning devices or instruments with a high degree of accuracy and with a limited number of additional x-rays.

Abstract: A system includes a surgical device, an instrument coupled to the surgical device and defining an instrument axis, and a processor operatively coupled to the surgical device. The processor is configured to determine a current orientation angle of an instrument axis based on an orientation of a target axis, establish a virtual boundary, control the surgical device to apply a force to constrain the instrument axis within the virtual boundary, and collapse the virtual boundary as the instrument axis is brought into alignment with the target axis.

Abstract: A system and method of planning a procedure includes a planning workstation including: a display system; and a user input device. The planning workstation is configured to: display image data via the display system; receive a first user input via the user input device; display via the display system a target of a medical procedure within the displayed image data identified based at least on the first user input; display an interactive image via the display system, the interactive image including the image data, a plurality of connected anatomical passageways, and the identified target; receive a second user input via the user input device; display via the display system a trajectory between the target and an exit point along a nearest passageway of the plurality of connected anatomical passageways identified based at least on the second user input; receive a third user input via the user input device; and adjust the interactive image based at least on the defined trajectory and the third user input.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a tool assembly for use with an energy applicator having a shaft extending along an axis between a proximal end and a distal end. The tool assembly comprises a support structure to support the energy applicator, and a connector assembly arranged to engage and releasably lock the energy applicator to the support structure in a locked state. A drive system is coupled to the support structure and is configured to rotatably drive the shaft of the energy applicator about the axis. The drive system comprises a counterweighted clutch assembly.

Abstract: A surgical system for applying an energy applicator to a target tissue and methods operating the same are disclosed. The energy applicator extends from a surgical instrument. The surgical system comprises a sensor to measure external forces and torques placed on the surgical instrument. A surgical manipulator is configured to move the energy applicator in a manual mode in response to the external forces and torques. At least one controller is configured to: model the surgical instrument and the energy applicator as a virtual rigid body having a virtual mass; calculate, using impulse modeling, constraining forces and torques to be applied to the virtual rigid body; determine total forces and torques based on the external forces and torques and the constraining forces and torques; and advance the energy applicator in the manual mode based on the total forces and torques.

Abstract: In general, medical sleeve systems that at least partially support a patient's arm in a selected position are described. In one embodiment, an example support sleeve includes a proximal end that defines an arm opening, a distal end, a wall that extends between the proximal end and the distal end, the wall including an anterior side portion and a posterior side portion, and an access port located on the anterior side portion proximate the distal end. The support sleeve may be manipulated between first and second positions, and at least partially maintained in the second position during a medical procedure.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to providing a sterile container protecting various surgical grafts, implants and devices from incidental contamination and damage during operative procedures. The design includes an inner box to contain the items, and an outer box to protect the exterior of the inner box from contamination in the event of fall or other contamination, such as from airborne particles or liquids, fall from the sterile field, or by non-sterile handling. In the event of fall or contamination of the outer box, the surgical staff will be able to recover the inner box and its contents in sterile and unspoiled condition without difficulty.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides advantageous post and partition assembly that is configured and adapted to promote modularity and withstand the harsh environment of central sterile processing processes. Modular post assembly may be removed and relocated on tray without additional fasteners or components. Tray and bracket assembly may further provide identification features to correctly associate cataloged reusable medical devices to identified trays.

Abstract: An implantable adjunct for use with a surgical stapling instrument is provided. The implantable adjunct comprises means for allowing a clinician to determine the degree of skew, if any, that the adjunct may experience when implanted into a subject with a surgical stapling instrument. The implantable adjunct comprises one or more reference systems configured to be compared to the staples, the edges of the adjunct, and/or any other adjunct elements by a clinician once the adjunct has been implanted into the subject. The one or more reference systems comprise references that define one or more zones of the adjunct. A clinician can visually determine what zone, or zones, of the adjunct the staples have satisfactorily, and/or unsatisfactorily, purchased the adjunct.

Abstract: The invention relates to a safety device for use by health care professionals to mitigate dangers posed by dirty or contaminated devices such as needles, that is compact, easy to use, and clean.

Abstract: Embodiments of claimed subject matter are directed to an illuminating surgical device comprising a single control element to control an array of illuminating elements and an array of louvers to direct light from the individual illuminating elements toward a surgical field.

Abstract: A lamp having a front surface from which light is emitted and that includes a high efficiency light source assembly producing a beam having a 3 dB beamwidth of greater than 100°, and which includes a substrate, a high efficiency light source supported by the substrate; and a dome-lens that contains the high efficiency light source. Also, an optical assembly is positioned to receive light from the light emitting diode assembly and to produce a headlamp light beam emitted from the front surface of the lamp. Further, an annular light block defines an annulus and is placed about the lens, so that the lens protrudes through the annulus, thereby creating a sharp boundary for the output light beam.

Abstract: A supporting mechanism of an observation system for dental and medical treatment three-dimensionally movable supports a display unit for stereoscopically displaying an observation image of a surgical microscope regarding treatment of a patient on a dental chair and holds the display unit in an observation position of a dental surgeon keeping a constant posture. In a state where a vertically holding arm has been moved to a position where a vertical axial line thereof passes through an oral cavity of the patient, the supporting mechanism supports the display unit so as to be movable for positioning via a vertically fixed arm and a horizontally pivoting arm, in a position around the dental chair corresponding to a predetermined pivoting radius defined by a horizontal distance up to a finder of the display unit around the vertical axial line.

Abstract: A medical device support system including a central shaft; an extension arm; and a brake assembly. The extension arm has a support for a medical device and a hub at its proximal end mounted to the central shaft for pivotable movement about the central shaft. The brake assembly is secured in the hub for rotation therewith and includes first and second discrete arc shape clamp pieces that are detachably coupled to one another at one end for flexural movement relative to a coupling joint and that are free at an opposite end. The brake assembly includes an actuator configured to flex the first and second clamp pieces relative to the coupling joint toward and away from each other to respectively increase and decrease a frictional braking force to the central shaft.

Abstract: A medical device support system including a central shaft, an extension arm, and a brake assembly. The extension arm has a support for a medical device and a hub at its proximal end mounted to the central shaft for pivotable movement about the central shaft. The brake assembly is secured in the hub for rotation therewith and includes first and second backing portions and first and second liners supported by the backing portions. At least the first liner is supported by the first backing portion by the first liner being snap-fitted to the first backing portion. The brake assembly includes an actuator configured to flex the first and second backing portions to urge the first and second liners toward and away from each other to respectively increase and decrease a frictional braking force to the central shaft.

Abstract: A medical device support system including a central shaft, an extension arm, a brake clamp assembly, and a brake actuator. The extension arm has a support for a medical device and a hub at its proximal end mounted to the central shaft for pivotable movement about the central shaft. The brake clamp assembly is secured in the hub for rotation therewith and includes first and second clamp portions. The brake actuator includes a cap, a plunger coupled to the cap for reciprocable axial movement relative to the cap, and a spring disposed between the cap and the plunger and configured to exert a biasing force against movement of the cap axially toward the plunger. The cap is adjustably mounted to the hub and coupled to the plunger to selectively urge the first and second clamp portions either toward or away from the central shaft to respectively increase or decrease a frictional braking force to the central shaft.

Abstract: A medical device support system including a central shaft, an extension arm, and a brake assembly. The extension arm has a support for a medical device and a hub at its proximal end mounted to the central shaft for pivotable movement about the central shaft. The brake assembly is secured in the hub for rotation therewith and includes first and second discrete arc shape clamp pieces configured to flex toward and away from each other to respectively increase and decrease a frictional braking force to the central shaft. The hub includes a hub access opening configured to allow passage therethrough of at least one of the arc shape clamp pieces.

Abstract: A robot-based system for processing racks used for transportation of articles in connection with an inactivation procedure, such as sterilization, disinfection, and decontamination. Robots are used to move full and empty racks between a plurality of a locations within soiled and clean areas of a workspace, including, but not limited to, a loading station where soiled medical instruments are loaded on the racks, washer/disinfectors for processing the medical instruments, and an unloading station where clean medical instruments are unloaded from the racks for sorting into trays.

Abstract: A dental crown removal apparatus is provided, including a handle for placement in an operator's hand, an elongated post projecting along a first axis, the post being connected for reciprocal motion with respect to the handle, a motor in the handle for moving the post, a tool adapter connected with the post opposite the handle, the tool adapter having an extension arm extending away from the handle with a pivot arm connected with the extension arm and spaced from the handle, and first and second opposing jaws having claw ends spring biased together, the first and second jaws having independent and unitary pivotal connection with the pivot arm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to orthodontic brackets designed for use with the deciduous teeth and method for its use. The brackets provide one or more debonding tabs which reduces the potential for damage to the deciduous tooth due to the application of excessive force during the debonding process. The small size of the brackets allow the brackets to fit available crown space on the deciduous teeth. Further the brackets are shaped to minimize mechanical forces applied to the deciduous teeth when engaged with an archwire. The bracket bases are shaped to conform to the morphology of the deciduous tooth crown surface thereby providing an optimal adhesive interface with the deciduous tooth. The deciduous brackets provide proper adhesion to avoid unwanted detachment of the brackets which often occurs when the use of permanent brackets is attempted on the deciduous teeth.

Abstract: An implant system including a dental implant and an abutment produced from a ceramic material, wherein the abutment includes a first anti-rotation element with multiple grooves and the dental implant includes a second anti-rotation element, which is complementary thereto, with multiple ribs, wherein the grooves are open toward a proximal end of the abutment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a dental prosthesis, wherein the dental prosthesis has a prosthetic base and several prosthetic teeth, wherein the method is conducted using a virtual three-dimensional dental prosthesis model of the physical dental prosthesis to be produced, and wherein the virtual three-dimensional dental prosthesis model is divided into at least one virtual three-dimensional model of the prosthetic teeth and one virtual three-dimensional model of the prosthetic base, or comprises at least one virtual three-dimensional model of the prosthetic teeth and one virtual three-dimensional model of the prosthetic base, wherein the boundary are between the virtual model of the prosthetic teeth and the virtual model of the prosthetic base is computed such that the prosthetic teeth in the virtual model has roots that are aligned parallel to each other and the prosthetic base in the virtual model has tooth sockets that are aligned parallel, wherein the tooth sockets form a negative shape

Abstract: The invention relates to a blank of a ceramic material, wherein a first ceramic material and then a second ceramic material of different compositions are filled into a die and wherein the materials are pressed and after pressing are sintered. A layer of the first ceramic material is thereby filled into the die and a first cavity formed in the layer, the second ceramic material is then filled into the first open cavity and the materials pressed together and then heat-treated.

Abstract: There is described an implant comprising: (a) a bone engaging portion positioned at the distal end of the implant, said bone engaging portion comprising: a longitudinally extending distal portion; and an adjoining region positioned at the proximal end of the longitudinally extending distal portion; (b) a transmucosal portion positioned at the proximal end of the adjoining region; and (c) an abutment portion positioned at the proximal end of the transmucosal portion, wherein the exterior surface of the longitudinally extending distal portion comprises a conformal microscale cell structure and optionally, a non-biological coating; wherein the exterior surface of the abutment portion is polished, suitably, to a mirrored or super mirrored finish and/or wherein the exterior surface of the abutment portion has an Ra of between about 1 and about 3 um; wherein the exterior surface of the adjoining region comprises a roughened surface, suitably with an Ra of between about 5 and about 30 um; and wherein the exterior su

Abstract: A dental cleaning tool includes a handle defining a longitudinal axis of the tool. The handle includes a floss holder having a base and two arms extending from the base in perpendicular relation to the longitudinal axis, at least one strand of floss extending between the two arms, and a toothpick being formed as one piece with the handle and having a pointed tip, the toothpick being spaced from the floss holder such that the handle is disposed between the toothpick and the floss holder. The dental cleaning tool further includes at least one rotatable dental tool formed separately from and attached to the handle, the at least one rotatable dental tool being rotatably mounted to the handle between a first, stow position and a second, use position.

Abstract: Various systems, method, and compositions for treating a tooth are disclosed herein. For example, an apparatus for treating a tooth is disclosed. The apparatus can include a chamber having an access port which places the chamber in fluid communication with a treatment region of the tooth when the chamber is coupled to tooth. A fluid motion generator can be coupled to the chamber. The fluid motion generator can be configured to direct fluid across the access port to generate fluid motion in the chamber. In various embodiments, fluid motion (e.g., vortices, swirl, etc.) can be induced at or near treatment regions of the tooth, such as a root canal or carious region.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dental suction device (10) for suctioning liquids and particles from an oral cavity of a patient, with a tubular hollow base body (12) having an inner surface (14), an outer surface (16), a longitudinal axis (X-X), a connection opening (18) for a hose, and a suction opening (20). In the course of the extent of the base body (12), an objective (50) is provided, which can be connected to a monitor (40), and by means of which the image taken by the objective (50) can be displayed.

Abstract: A teeth whitening apparatus includes a first ultrasound generator directed to emit in a first direction into a particular area, a second ultrasound generator spaced from the first ultrasound generator on a first side of the first ultrasound generator and directed to emit in a second direction angled toward the first direction into the particular area, and a third ultrasound generator spaced from the first ultrasound generator and the second ultrasound generator on a second side of first ultrasound generator and directed to emit in a third direction angled toward the first direction and the second direction into the particular area. One or more light emitting devices are spaced from the first ultrasound generator, the second ultrasound generator, and the third ultrasound generator, and directed to emit into the particular area.

Abstract: A dental light irradiation device has a first light source for emitting blue light, a camera and at least a first detector. The device is operable in a camera mode in which the camera is activated and in a non-camera mode in which the camera is deactivated. In the non-camera mode a user input on the first detector activates the camera mode. The dental light irradiation device helps facilitating the proper curing of a dental material in a patient's mouth.

Abstract: An animal restraint device for restraining an animal, such as a rodent, for conducting experiments and collecting data. Restraining devices include a cranial restraint to secure the head and torso of an animal, and a caudal restraint configured to secure the torso of an animal. Restraining devices are made of a flexible material and one or more adjustable fasteners. Animal restraining systems include the animal restraint device and a platform for holding an animal restrained in the restraint device. Methods of using the restraining devices and systems are also provided.

Abstract: A patch of material is configured to be applied to human tissue. The patch includes a film comprising poly(L-lactide) and poly(#-caprolactone). The film is configured to self-deploy between a first position and a second position in response to a temperature. The film is applied to the human tissue when the patch of material is in the second position, in which the film has a planar configuration.

Abstract: An implantable prosthesis and a method of repairing an anatomical defect, such as a soft tissue defect, by promoting tissue growth with the prosthetic. The prosthesis includes a body with an inner portion and an outer margin that extends outwardly beyond the inner portion, the outer margin including an inner portion side and an outer peripheral edge. The outer margin includes a tissue infiltratable portion, such as a tissue infiltratable layer, having a thickness that decreases from the inner portion side towards the outer peripheral edge.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a prosthesis (100) comprising an openworked three-dimensional knit (101) comprising a front face and a rear face, each face being formed with one or more laps of yarns defining pores on said face, the front face being bound to the rear face by connecting yarns defining a spacer, characterized in that the connecting yarns are distributed so that they define an entanglement of yarns crossing each other at the spacer, without obstructing the pores of the front and rear faces.

Abstract: Devices, methods, and systems are provided for loading an implantable device into a container. One aspect of the loading system contains a loader element with a loading tunnel that is configured to gradually contract an implantable device into a compressed state of reduced size relative to an expanded state as the implantable device travels through the loading tunnel.

Abstract: A vascular filter device (1) comprises a plurality of filter elements (6) which are movable from a capturing position to an open position upon elapse of a predetermined period of time. In the capturing position the filter elements (6) are configured to capture thrombus passing through the inferior vena cava. In the open position the filter elements (6) are configured to facilitate unrestricted blood flow. The filter elements (6) are biased towards the open position. The filter (1) comprises a holder member (10) to temporarily hold the filter elements (6) in the capturing position until elapse of the predetermined period of time. The holder member (10) comprises a biostable wire element (12) which extends through an opening (13) in each filter element (6), and a biodegradable/bioabsorbable stop element (11). Upon biodegrading/bioabsorbing of the stop element (11), the filter elements (6) are free to move from the capturing position to the open position.

Abstract: Injectable embolization particulates (e.g., particles, microstructures, beads) employed in embolization procedures, for facilitating blood vessel occlusion. Exemplary embolization particulates for occluding a blood vessel include a plurality of embolization beads, each bead having a plurality of outwardly protruding portions, wherein, upon a first one and a second one of the beads accumulating against a boundary of the blood vessel, protruding portions of the first bead are configured to intermesh with protruding portions of the second bead, so as to occlude the blood vessel. Also disclosed are compositions of embolization particulates including a plurality of shaped embolization beads, and methods for embolizing or occluding a blood vessel using embolization particulates or compositions thereof.

Abstract: An example medical device is disclosed. The example medical device includes a tubular scaffold. The scaffold includes a longitudinal axis, an inner surface and an outer surface. The medical device also includes a flexible valve extending radially inward from the inner surface of the scaffold. The valve includes an annular chamber extending circumferentially around the inner surface of the scaffold and is configured to shift from a closed configuration to an open configuration.

Abstract: A stent with an improved anti-slip function. The stent includes: a cylindrical stent including a plurality of openings formed by weaving wires, and a plurality of peaks, the cylindrical stent being subjected to heat treatment, wherein the cylindrical stent has a PTFE-first artificial blood vessel layer being in entire contact with an inner surface thereof, and a plurality of PTFE-second artificial blood vessel layers being in partial contact with an outer surface thereof, and the first and second artificial blood vessel layers are heat-fused together to encompass the cylindrical stent, thereby forming a plurality of first sections having a plurality of openings obstructed and a plurality of seconds sections having the plurality of openings remaining unobstructed, wherein the first sections are inserted into a lesion while pressing against the lesion, thereby being caught in the lesion, and the second sections are caught in the lesion meshed with the openings.

Abstract: An improved skin substitute is presented comprised of a silicone layer backed up with a woven nylon fabric layer, the silicone layer possessing a regular pattern of slits that permit the porosity of the skin substitute to be adjusted by clinicians by means of applying tension to the skin substitute that differentially opens the slits. A variety of therapeutic substances can be applied to the skin substitute to promote healing, including aloe and other medicinal preparations. A layer of water soluble or water insoluble anti-scar compound is also present, the preferred compound being salinomycin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multifocal lens (1) with a refractive focus (Fr) and with a diffractive structure (5) which, in the radial direction (r) of the lens (1), plotted across the squared radius (r2), has a periodic profile (6, 7, 8, 9), wherein the profile (6, 7, 8, 9) per period has four adjoining portions (6, 7, 8, 9) which are not differentiable at their connection sites (10, 11, 12, 13), wherein a first portion (9) has a monotonically falling function and the three further portions (6, 7, 8) have a monotonically rising function or vice versa, and wherein the further portion (7), which does not adjoin the first portion (9), has a greater pitch than the other further portions (6, 8).

Abstract: Devices and methods for novel retinal irradiance distribution modification (IDM) to improve, stabilize or restore vision are described herein. Also encompassed herein are devices and methods to reduce vision loss from diseases, injuries and disorders that involve damaged and/or dysfunctional and/or sensorily deprived retinal cells. Conditions that may be treated using devices and methods described herein include macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. Therapy provided by retinal IDM devices and methods described herein may also be used in combination with other therapies including, but not limited to, pharmacological, retinal laser, gene and stem cell therapies.