Abstract: An optical filter includes a spectroscopic element configured to disperse input light, and emit the dispersed input light as spectrum light; and an optical fiber including an end face having a recess, a core having a first face in contact with a bottom of the recess and a second face sandwiched between the first face and a circumference end of the recess, and a clad surrounding the core, wherein in the optical fiber, the recess is irradiated with the spectrum light, the second face is inclined such that a second portion incident from the second face to the core out of the irradiated spectrum light is emitted to the clad, and a first portion incident from the first face to the core out of the irradiated spectrum light is outputted.

Abstract: An optical beam steering device is disclosed which includes an optical component for interacting with an optical beam, a gimbal supporting the optical component, a roll cage supporting the gimbal, and a mount that houses and rotatably supports the roll cage. The roll cage and the mount include adjustment features allowing for both linear and angular adjustments of the gimbal and the roll cage.

Abstract: An optical switch for optical fiber large-capacity stored program control exchanges. Optical transmission among optical fibers is performed through the reflection of lasers by a lens part of DMD chips. The lens part of the DMD chips consists of at least two single lenses or at least two lens basic units arranged in an one-dimensional array. The lens basic units are formed by arranging a number of single lenses in an n×n matrix, wherein 2?n?10. The one-dimensional array is arranged in such a direction that lasers do not interfere with each other after reflection. The area of the single lenses or that of the lens basic units is no less than the cross-sectional area of a single optical fiber.

Abstract: A method of nonblocking optical switching includes guiding a first optical beam from a first input to a first output via a first path through an optical switching fabric. The first path traverses a phase shifter disposed between a pair of cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometers. The method also includes receiving a second optical beam for a second path intersecting with the first path through the optical switching fabric. The method also includes moving the first optical beam from the first path to a third path connecting the first input to the first output without intersecting the second path. The method also includes shifting a phase of the first optical beam, with the phase shifter, while moving the first optical beam from the first path to the third path to prevent the first optical beam from interfering with the second optical beam.

Abstract: A water-cooled package of a fiber-optic transport head comprising a delivery optical fiber (DOF), an interface optics, an end plug, a waterproof tube, and a housing operates for delivering a high-power laser light from DOF to free space. The interface optics is fusion-spiced with a section of DOF with a cladding exposed whereas the section of DOF is enclosed in a bore of the waterproof tube. In one embodiment, the waterproof tube comprises a first set of internal threads comprising a first helix angle and a first tooth height. In another embodiment, the housing comprises a second set of internal threads comprising a second helix angle and a second tooth height. Either one of the first set and the second set of internal threads facilitates thermal dispersion, effectively reducing temperature on the housing.

Abstract: A connector for sealably engaging and disengaging contacts therein can include a first unit and a second unit that is movable with respect to the first unit between an unmated position and a mated position. The first unit can have one or more closed chambers therein. Each closed chamber of the first unit contains fluid and one or more first contacts. The second unit can have one or more closed chambers therein, each closed chamber of the second unit containing fluid and one or more second contacts. Each second contact is configured to engage one of the first contacts. The one or more closed chambers of the first unit remain sealed from the one or more closed chambers of the second unit throughout mating and demating of the first and second units.

Abstract: A push-pull connection includes a push-pull boot connector and an adapter, which are connected together and retained with a latching mechanism. The push-pull boot connector includes a connector housing and a remote release push-pull strain relief boot. The connector housing, when pulled away from the mating face of the adapter, via the strain relief boot, will detach the latching mechanism.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an alignment system for calibrating a position of an optical fiber in a bore of a ferrule, comprising: an outer cylinder alignment element for calibrating a center position of an outer cylinder of the ferrule, so that the center of the outer cylinder of the ferrule is aligned with a center of the outer cylinder alignment element; a fiber core alignment element comprising a fiber core having a center aligned with the center of the outer cylinder alignment element; an optical vision system for identifying a center position of a fiber core of the optical fiber and the center position of the fiber core of the fiber core alignment element; and a controlling and moving system for actively adjusting the position of the optical fiber in the bore of the ferrule under the guide of the optical vision system.

Abstract: A fiber optic ferrule includes a body extending from a first end to a second opposite end, with the body including an axial passage extending between the first and second ends. The axial passage includes a first diameter portion having a diameter of at least 125 microns, and a second diameter portion having a diameter of at least 250 microns and less than a diameter of the buffer, the second diameter portion positioned between the first diameter and the second end. The axial passage further defines a tapered shape at the second end extending inward from the second end to the second diameter portion. A hub holds the ferrule. A method of assembling a terminated fiber optic cable is also provided.

Abstract: A cleaning tool for cleaning an optical connector including a plurality of ferrules, including: a plurality of heads whose pressing surfaces are spanned by a cleaner, each of the pressing surfaces being for pressing the cleaner against the ferrules; a guide member that is placed sandwiched between the heads, and that guides the heads in such a manner that the heads can move rearward; and a cover that accommodates the plurality of heads and the guide member and that exposes the cleaner.

Abstract: An optical transceiver includes a casing, a fastening member, a pivotal member and a driving member. The driving member is disposed on the casing, and the driving member is movable relative to the casing in a press direction. The pivotal member includes a pivoting shaft and a pressed portion connected to each other. The pivoting shaft of the pivotal member is pivoted on the casing. The pressed portion has a pressed point, and a virtual line passing through the pressed portion and the pivoting shaft is non-parallel to the press direction. When the driving member is moved in the press direction to press the pressed point, the pivotal member is pivoted. The fastening member is movably disposed on the casing to be either in a fastened position or a released position. The pivotal member is pivotable to move the fastening member from the fastened position to the released position.

Abstract: A housing including a plurality of openings for receiving fiber optic connectors and protecting the polished end face of the connectors from damage while the connectors are stored within a telecommunications connection cabinet. A module with a plurality of optical fiber cables connected to a first optical fiber cable and terminated by a fiber optic connector. Each of the connectors are inserted within openings in a connector holder for storage and protection until the cables need to be connected to a customer equipment cable.

Abstract: A fiber optic connector holder is sized to fit within an opening for mounting a fiber optic adapter. The fiber optic connector holder is configured to permit a fiber optic connector with a dust cap positioned about a ferrule and a polished end face of an optical fiber held by the ferrule to be inserted within and releasably held by the connector holder. A system for holding fiber optic connectors includes a fiber optic connector holder mounted within an opening in a bulkhead for mounting a fiber optic adapter. The fiber optic connector holder is configured to receive a fiber optic connector with a dust cap mounted about a ferrule and polished end face of an optical fiber held by the ferrule. An optical fiber connector may be held to a bulkhead when the fiber optic connector includes a dust cap mounted about a ferrule and a polished end face of an optical fiber held by the ferrule.

Abstract: A display device configured to show an image inside an instrument panel for a vehicle includes: a light source configured to emit light; and a light guide element configured to guide incident light from the light source. The light guide element includes: an emission surface configured to output incident light; and a plurality of light focusing portions configured to change the path of the incident light toward the emission surface, causing the light output to converge toward a convergence point or convergence line outside the light guide element or to radiate from a convergence point or convergence line outside the light guide element and thereby form an image outside the light guide element. The light guide element is configured to form light to thereby present an image.

Abstract: An optical communication device, reception apparatus, transmission apparatus and transmission and reception system are disclosed. The optical communication device includes a drive circuit substrate. A first through via extends through the drive circuit substrate and is configured to electrically connect an optical element disposed on a first surface side of the drive circuit substrate to a drive circuit disposed on a second surface side of the drive circuit substrate. A positioning element is attached to an interposer substrate and is configured to align optical axes of a first lens that is attached to a lens substrate and that faces a second lens that is disposed on the first surface side of the drive circuit substrate. A second through via extends through the interposer substrate and electrically connects the drive circuit to a signal processing circuit disposed on a signal processing substrate positioned above the interposer substrate.

Abstract: An optical fiber unit includes a plurality of optical fibers; and two binding materials that bind the optical fibers. The two binding materials are wound around the optical fibers in an SZ shape, and are adhered to each other at respective reversed portions that form an adhesive part. The adhesive part has a plurality of intersection points of center lines of the two binding materials.

Abstract: A channel equalization enclosure equalizes the length of cable variance with customers' equipment in a data center. The channel equalization modules serve as a connection point between cable from a financial institution and patch cords connected to customer equipment. The channel equalization enclosure includes a housing and a plurality of channel equalization modules mounted in the housing. Each channel equalization module has a spool of bulk fiber for accommodating a specified fiber length to equalize a communication channel in the data center.

Abstract: A sight glass apparatus for viewing the interior of a pressurised vessel, chamber or a pipe conveying fluid under pressure is described. The sight glass apparatus comprises a sight glass assembly mounted over an opening into the vessel, chamber or pipe, the sight glass assembly comprising a sight glass adjacent the opening which provides a window to the inside of the vessel, chamber or pipe, and a containment vessel mounted behind and/or around the sight glass assembly for containing fluid exiting the opening in the pipe in the event that the sight glass assembly fails. In this way, even if the sight glass assembly fails, the pressurised fluid within the pressurised vessel, chamber or pipe is safely contained.

Abstract: A lens including a lens barrel and five lens elements is provided. A relation between the amount of field curvature variation Sa1 of a system caused by a thickness tolerance of a lens element in the lens and an amount of field curvature variation Sa2 of the system caused by a change of a gap between the lens element and an adjacent lens element thereof is described as follows. Sa2 is twice or less of Sa1. Sa2 and Sa1 are both positive values or both negative values to render a better field curvature performance of the lens. A manufacturing method of the lens is also provided.

Abstract: A camera module having a case coupled to a base part to form an internal space; a lens module disposed in the internal space; and an auto-focusing driving part comprising a first magnet attached to one surface of the lens module and a first coil disposed to face the first magnet, wherein the base part has a first board on which an image sensor is disposed, and a fixing part on one side portion of the base part and extending from the base part in an optical axis direction, and wherein other side portions of the base part exclude the fixing part.

Abstract: Lens barrel according to the present exemplary embodiment is provided with lens unit, stationary frame, focus ring, focus grip, and a fixing section. Lens unit has an optical system. Stationary frame supports lens unit to be movable in a direction of optical axis X of the optical system. Focus ring is disposed on an outer circumferential side of lens unit, and is rotated when focus adjustment is manually performed. Focus grip is provided to protrude outwardly from focus ring, and operated for rotating focus ring. The fixing section fixes focus ring to stationary frame when focus adjustment is automatically performed. The fixing section has fixing button which is disposed on focus grip and operated for fixing focus ring to stationary frame.

Abstract: A lens driving device is provided, the lens driving device includes: a housing; a bobbin disposed inside of the housing; a support member coupled to the bobbin and the housing; and a sensor sensing a position of at least one of the bobbin and the housing, wherein the support member may include a first support unit, and a second support unit disposed not parallel to the first support unit, wherein the sensor may be disposed more adjacent to the first support unit than to the second support unit, and wherein an elastic modulus of the first support unit may be lower than an elastic modulus of the second support unit.

Abstract: An actuator device includes a cartwheel flexure having a central moving carriage component configured for parallel motion along an axis of the actuator device. A frame is configured to remain stationary relative to the central moving carriage component. A plurality of cross-beams flexibly support the central moving carriage from the frame, wherein the plurality of cross-beams provide flexibility for movement of the central moving carriage relative to the frame along the axis and provide rigidity in other directions.

Abstract: A low-profile dual-axial deflection device having deflection axes intersecting at a mirror surface and method for achieving dual-axis deflection are disclosed, the device including essentially three parts: a base and a fixing support for fixing and mounting; elastic kite-shaped seats and deflection support base providing deflection driving, and a mirror carrier, a mirror and flexible hinges and connecting stations for limiting deflection displacement of the mirror carrier. The present disclosure uses four piezoelectric ceramics to realize the output control of the deflection angle, and has high control precision and fast response. Simultaneous driving of four piezoelectric ceramics can realize dual-axis deflection of the mirror. The device adopts a sinking mirror structure, and the deflection axes intersect at the surface of the mirror, thereby reducing the optical path control error caused by the longitudinal displacement of the mirror during deflection.

Abstract: Provided is an optical system including, in order from an object side to an image side: a first lens having a positive refractive power and having a meniscus shape with a convex surface facing the object side; and a second lens having a positive refractive power and having a meniscus shape with a convex surface facing the object side, wherein the first lens is made of a silicon material, wherein the second lens is made of one of a silicon material and a germanium material, and wherein a focal length of the entire optical system and a distance on an optical axis between the first lens and the second lens are each appropriately set.

Abstract: An electronic device includes at least one optical lens assembly. The optical lens assembly includes four lens elements, and the four lens elements are, in order from an outside to an inside, a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element and a fourth lens element. The first lens element has an outside surface being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The second lens element has an inside surface being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The fourth lens element has an inside surface being concave in a paraxial region thereof, wherein at least one of an outside surface and the inside surface of the fourth lens element includes at least one critical point in an off-axis region thereof.

Abstract: The zoom lens consists of, in order from an object side, a first lens group having a positive power, a second lens group having a negative power, a third lens group having a negative power, a stop, a fourth lens group having a positive power, and a fifth lens group having a positive power. During zooming, the first lens group and the fifth lens group remain stationary, and the other lens groups and the stop move. The most image side positive lens is disposed to be closest to the image side in the first lens group. The following conditional expression relating to a partial dispersion ratio ?gF1p of the most image side positive lens between the g line and the F line and an Abbe number ?1p is satisfied: 0.6376<?gF1p+0.0017×?1p<0.7.

Abstract: It is possible to (i) cause a sixth lens to more effectively correct various aberrations and (ii) make an optical overall length shorter. A first lens (L1) has positive refractive power. A fifth lens (L5) and a sixth lens (L6) each have negative refractive power. An object-side surface (L1F) of the first lens (L1) is a convex surface. At least one of an object-side surface and an image plane-side surface of each of a second lens (L2), a third lens (L3), a fourth lens (L4), and the fifth lens (L5) is an aspheric surface. An object-side surface (L6F) of the sixth lens (L6) is a concave surface and is an aspheric surface. An image plane-side surface (L6R) of the sixth lens (L6) is an optically planar surface throughout a region corresponding to an effective diameter of the image plane-side surface (L6R) of the sixth lens (L6).

Abstract: A zoom lens includes a first lens unit L1 having positive refractive power, a second lens unit L2 having negative refractive power, and a rear lens group LB including a plurality of lens units and having positive refractive power. The rear lens group LB includes a lens unit LF configured to move during focusing and having negative refractive power, a lens unit LN disposed on the image side of the lens unit LF and having negative refractive power, and a lens unit LP disposed on the image side of the lens unit LN and having the largest positive refractive power among the lens units having positive refractive power. The lens units LP and LN move to the object side in a predetermined locus during zooming from the wide-angle end to the telephoto end, and the lens units LP and LF satisfy a predetermined conditional expression.

Abstract: A compact optical lens system includes, in order from the object side to the image side: a flat panel assembly made of glass, a first lens element with a negative refractive power, at least one of an object-side surface and an image-side surface of the first lens element being aspheric, a stop; and a second lens element with a positive refractive power having an object-side surface being convex near an optical axis and an image-side surface being convex near the optical axis, at least one of the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the second lens element being aspheric. Such a system can not only effectively collect light at a large angle, receive a wider range of images and achieve identification effects within very short distances, but also can reduce the distance between an object and the compact optical lens system, reduce the volume effectively and maintain its miniaturization.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes a unit LN, a unit LP and a rear group LR, and the rear group LR has a positive unit LRP on a side closest to an image, where the unit LRP includes a positive lens GRP that has a meniscus shape having a convex surface facing the image side thereof and made of resin material. Focal lengths of the zoom lens at wide-angle end, the unit LRP, and the unit LP, back focus at telephoto end, an amount of movement of the unit LRP when zooming from wide-angle end to telephoto end, thickness on an optical axis of the positive lens GRP, and a distance in optical axis direction between center on a lens surface on object side of the positive lens GRP and an end of an effective surface of the lens surface on the object side are each appropriately set.

Abstract: This disclosure provides an image capturing optical lens assembly including, in order from an object side to an image side: a first lens element with refractive power having an object-side surface being convex in a paraxial region thereof; a second lens element having positive refractive power; a third lens element with refractive power having an image-side surface being concave in a paraxial region thereof; a fourth lens element with refractive power having an image-side surface being concave in a paraxial region thereof, wherein both surfaces thereof being aspheric; a fifth lens element with refractive power having an object-side surface being concave in a paraxial region thereof; and a sixth lens element with refractive power having an image-side surface being concave in a paraxial region thereof, wherein both surfaces thereof being aspheric, and the image-side surface having at least one convex shape in an off-axis region thereof.

Abstract: An imaging lens module includes an imaging lens assembly and a first optical component. The imaging lens assembly has an optical axis and includes a lens element. The lens element includes an effective optical portion, which is non-circular and disposed on a center of the lens element. The first optical component has a non-circular opening hole. The effective optical portion of the lens element of the imaging lens assembly is corresponded to the non-circular opening hole of the first optical component.

Abstract: An optical magnification system comprises two Pancharatnam lenses, and provides a first magnification for left-hand circularly polarized light and a second magnification different from the first magnification for right-hand circularly polarized light. An optical magnification system comprises two lenses, each having different focal lengths for left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light, respectively, and configured to provide a first magnification for left-handed circularly polarized light and a second magnification different from the first magnification for right-handed circularly polarized light.

Abstract: A wide angle lens includes a first lens group and a second lens group. The first lens group includes a first lens having a negative refractive power, a second lens having a negative refractive power, and a third lens having a positive refractive power. The second lens group includes a fourth lens having a positive refractive power, a fifth lens having a positive refractive power, a sixth lens having a negative refractive power, and a seventh lens having a positive refractive power. The wide angle lens satisfies the following relationship: H2/G2R2<1.8, wherein H2 is a diameter of the image side surface of the first lens, and G2R2 is a curvature radius of the image side surface of the first lens.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an optical system which includes a plurality of lenses, and an image sensor which is disposed at an image position of the optical system, wherein the optical system includes in order from an object side, a first lens having a negative refractive power, an aperture stop, a second lens having a positive refractive power, and a third lens, and an object-side surface of the third lens has a shape which his concave toward the object side, and each of the first lens, the second lens, and the third lens is formed of a material having a refractive index not higher than 1.70, and the following conditional expression (1) is satisfied: 0.5<?1L/IH<3.0??(1), where, IH denotes a maximum image height, and ?1L denotes an effective aperture at an object-side surface of the first lens.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an optical system which includes a plurality of lenses, and an image sensor which is disposed at an image position of the optical system, wherein the optical system includes in order from an object side, a first lens having a negative refractive power, a second lens having a positive refractive power, an aperture stop, and a third lens, and each of the first lens, the second lens, and the third lens is formed of a material having a refractive index not higher than 1.70, and the following conditional expressions (1) and (2) are satisfied: 2.0<?d/FL<5.5??(1), and 0.5<?1L/IH<3.0??(2).

Abstract: The wide-angle lens includes seven lenses and is provided with a diaphragm between the fourth lens and the fifth lens. The first lens is a negative meniscus lens whose convex surface faces the object side. The second lens is a negative meniscus lens whose at least one surface is an aspherical surface and whose concave surface faces an image side. The third lens is a negative meniscus lens whose at least one surface is an aspherical surface and whose concave surface faces the object side. The fourth lens and the fifth lens are positive lenses. The sixth lens is a negative lens whose concave surface faces the image side. The seventh lens is a double convex lens whose convex surfaces face both of the object side and the image side, and configures a joined lens with the sixth lens.

Abstract: In a method for three-dimensionally measuring a 3D aerial image in the region around an image plane during the imaging of a lithography mask, which is arranged in an object plane, a selectable imaging scale ratio in mutually perpendicular directions (x, y) is taken into account. For this purpose, an electromagnetic wavefront of imaging light is reconstructed after interaction thereof with the lithography mask. An influencing variable that corresponds to the imaging scale ratio is included. Finally, the 3D aerial image measured with the inclusion of the influencing variable is output. This results in a measuring method with which lithography masks that are optimized for being used with an anamorphic projection optical unit during projection exposure can also be measured.

Abstract: A protective film placed on an upper part of a metal film for protecting the metal film placed on a glass substrate. The protective film includes a silica film. The silica film has an extinction coefficient “k” less than or equal to 1×10?4, a refractive index “n” greater than or equal to 1.466 at a wavelength of 632 nm, and a carbon content less than or equal to 3 atomic %.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light microscope for examining microscopic objects with high throughput. The microscope comprises a light source for illuminating a measuring zone, a sample vessel, in which the microscopic objects can be successively moved into the measuring zone, and a detection device for measuring detection light, which originates from a microscopic object located in the measuring zone. According to the invention, the microscope is characterized in that the imaging means comprise a detection lens having a stationary front optics and movable focusing optics, wherein the focusing optics is arranged behind the front optics and in front of an intermediate image plane, and can be adjusted for the height adjustment of a detection plane. The invention further relates to a corresponding microscopy method.

Abstract: Provided are a medical observation apparatus and a medical observation system that are optimal in manipulability and favorable for downsizing and include: an observation unit including a microscope unit that is configured to collect light from an object to be observed via one end in a height direction of the microscope unit and capture a magnified image of a minute part of the object to be observed and has a columnar shape to be grasped by a user during movement, a center of gravity of which observation unit is located farther from the one end than a center in the height direction is; and a support unit supporting the observation unit in a rotationally movable manner around an axis passing through the center of gravity or a vicinity of the center of gravity and perpendicular to the height direction.

Abstract: A microscope is provided. The microscope includes an illumination source configured to provide illumination beams to image a portion of a biological sample. The microscope also includes an optical unit configured to enable both phase contrast imaging and multicolor fluorescence imaging of the portion of the biological sample utilizing parallel point scanning. The microscope further includes a detector configured to simultaneously acquire multiple point images at different locations of the portion of the biological sample.

Abstract: A medical observation device that includes an evaluation value calculation unit configured to calculate a focus evaluation value indicating a focus state of a lens for each of two or more lenses, and a movement control unit configured to specify a lens movement parameter that is common to the two or more lenses on the basis of the focus evaluation value.

Abstract: A method for generating a composite image obtained in a fluorescence imaging system, comprising: determining the physical locations of a pinhole mask relative to a sample required to construct a full composite confocal image; generating in a control module a randomized order for the determined physical locations; moving the photomask or the sample to the determined physical locations in the randomized order under control of the control module and using a translation stage; illuminating the sample through the photomask using an excitation light; capturing a plurality of images at each of the physical locations using a sensor in order to generate a set of data points; using the randomized order to generate a composite image based on the set of data points and measuring the brightness of at least some of the data points; and adjusting the brightness of some of the set of data points.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a medical observation apparatus and a medical observation system that can ensure the user's visual field and have good manipulability.

Abstract: System for acquiring a digital image of a sample on a microscope slide. In an embodiment, the system comprises a stage configured to support a sample, an objective lens having a single optical axis that is orthogonal to the stage, an imaging sensor, and a focusing sensor. The system further comprises at least one beam splitter optically coupled to the objective lens and configured to receive a field of view corresponding to the optical axis of the objective lens, and simultaneously provide at least a first portion of the field of view to the imaging sensor and at least a second portion of the field of view to the focusing sensor. The focusing sensor may simultaneously acquire image(s) at a plurality of different focal distances and/or simultaneously acquire a pair of mirrored images, each comprising pixels acquired at a plurality of different focal distances.

Abstract: A microscope apparatus includes an objective and an automatic focusing device. The automatic focusing device is an automatic focusing device of an active type that irradiates a specimen with automatic focusing light via the objective, and the automatic focusing device is configured in such away that an illumination light axis of the automatic focusing light passes through a position distant from an optical axis of the objective.

Abstract: A medical observation apparatus includes a columnar microscope unit configured to image a minute part of an object to be observed with magnification and thereby output an imaging signal. A support unit includes a first joint unit holding the microscope unit in a rotationally movable manner around a first axis parallel to a height direction of the microscope unit, a first arm unit holding the first joint unit and extending in a direction different from the height direction of the microscope unit, a second joint unit holding the first arm unit in a rotationally movable manner around a second axis orthogonal to the first axis, and a second arm unit holding the second joint unit.

Abstract: A microscope system comprises a microscope body, an image sensor mounted on the microscope body, and a stage that moves in an X-axis direction and a Y-axis direction, and places a slide as an observation object. The stage includes a mark used to indicate a stage reference position. The microscope system obtains positions of the stage in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, and detects the stage reference position indicated by a mark provided on the stage and a slide reference position indicated by a mark provided on a slide placed on the stage. The microscope system manages the position of the stage by coordinates based on the slide reference position if the slide reference position is detected, and manages the position of the stage by coordinates based on the stage reference position if the slide reference position is not detected.