Abstract: There is provided a resin composition for forming a color filter underlayer film that can form a cured film having excellent solvent resistance, heat resistance, and transparency and can reduce generation of the color resist residue at the time of formation of a color filter on the cured film. The resin composition for forming a color filter underlayer film comprising: a homopolymer or a copolymer having a structure unit of Formula (1); an acid compound; a solvent; and a crosslinking agent in an amount of 0% by mass to 35% by mass based on a content of a solid content of the resin composition: (where R0 is a hydrogen atom or methyl group; R1 is a C1-6 hydrocarbon group having at least one hydroxy group as a substituent; and the C1-6 hydrocarbon group further optionally has an ether bond).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method that includes coating an edge portion of a wafer by a first chemical solution including a chemical mixture of an acid-labile group, a solubility control unit and a thermal acid generator; curing the first chemical solution to form a first protecting layer on the edge portion of the wafer; coating a resist layer on a front surface of the wafer; removing the first protecting layer by a first removing solution; and performing an exposing process to the resist layer.

Abstract: A photolithiographic method for fabricating bank structures with improved non-wetting properties to form well regions on a substrate using a photoresist composition comprising a cresol novolak resin, a photoactive diazonaphthoquinone sulfonic ester of a polyhydroxybenzophenone compound with at least one free hydroxyl group, and a non-ionic urethane polyglycol fluorosurfactant. Inkjet methods can be used to deposit active materials into the well areas. Color filter arrays and optoelectronic devices such as OLED devices can be made by this method.

Abstract: A reflective EUV optic such as a collector mirror configured as an array of facets that are spaced apart to form respective gaps between adjacent facets. The gaps are used as inlets for gas flow across one of the facets such that flow is introduced parallel to the optic surface. The facets can be made with offsets such that loss of reflective area of the EUV optic can be minimized. The gas facilitates removal of target material from the surface of the facets.

Abstract: A lithography system has a projection lens that includes a first optical element and a first sensor subframe. The projection lens also includes first sensor which is configured to detect a position of the first optical element with respect to the first sensor subframe. The projection lens further includes a second sensor which is configured to detect a position of a wafer with respect to the first sensor subframe.

Abstract: A method including obtaining a fit of data for overlay of a metrology target for a patterning process as a function of a stack difference parameter of the metrology target; and using, by a hardware computer, a slope of the fit (i) to differentiate a metrology target measurement recipe from another metrology target measurement recipe, or (ii) calculate a corrected value of overlay, or (iii) to indicate that an overlay measurement value obtained using the metrology target should be used, or not be used, to configure or modify an aspect of the patterning process, or (iv) any combination selected from (i)-(iii).

Abstract: An exposure apparatus that exposes a substrate is provided. The apparatus includes a stage configured to hold and move the substrate, and a controller configured to control focus driving of the stage based on a measurement value and a correction value obtained for the focus driving of the stage for a shot region on the substrate. The controller is configured to determine the correction value in accordance with an angle of view at a time of exposure.

Abstract: A chuck-driving device includes a base extending in first and second directions. The second direction crosses the first direction. The chuck-driving device further includes a slider positioned on the base and configured to move in a third direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second directions, and a pneumatic cylinder positioned on the base and to support the slider in the third direction. The chuck-driving additionally includes a motor assembly positioned on the base, around the pneumatic cylinder, and configured to drive the slider in the third direction. The motor assembly includes a coil base having a hollow portion disposed around sides of the pneumatic cylinder, a coil assembly positioned on the coil base and disposed around the sides of the pneumatic cylinder, and a magnet assembly adjacent to a part of the coil assembly.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provides an apparatus for aligning layers of an integrated circuit (IC), the apparatus including: an insulator layer positioned above a semiconductor substrate; a first diffraction grating within a first region of the insulator layer, the first diffraction grating including a first grating material within the first region of the insulator layer; and a second diffraction grating within a second region of the insulator layer, the second grating including a second grating material within the second region of the insulator layer, wherein the second grating material is different from the first grating material, and wherein an optical contrast between the first and second grating materials is greater than an optical contrast between the second grating material and the insulator layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a single-layer photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, an additive, and a binder resin. An optical response time is in a range from 0.05 milliseconds to 0.85 milliseconds. The optical response time is a time from irradiation of a surface of the photosensitive layer charged to +800 V with pulse light having a wavelength of 780 nm to surface potential decay of the photosensitive layer from +800 V to +400 V. An optical intensity of the pulse light is set so that the surface potential of the photosensitive layer becomes +200 V from +800 V after 400 milliseconds from pulse light irradiation of the surface of the photosensitive layer charged to the +800 V. The additive includes either of both an ultraviolet absorbing agent and an antioxidant.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer having a single-layer structure. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, an electron transport material, a polycarbonate resin, and a hole transport material. The electron transport material includes a compound having a halogen atom and represented by general formula (1), (2), (3), (4), or (5). The polycarbonate resin has a terminal group having a fluoro group and represented by general formula (10). The hole transport material includes a compound represented by general formula (20), (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (26), or (27). A charge of calcium carbonate as measured by charging the calcium carbonate through friction with the photosensitive layer is at least +6.5 ?C/g. The photosensitive layer has a Vickers hardness of at least 17.0 HV at 45° C.

Abstract: A toner having a toner particle having a plurality of fine particles on the surface of a toner base particle, the toner base particle contains a binder resin, wherein a fine particle layer A constituted of a plurality of the fine particles is observed in an EDX mapping image of the constituent elements in a cross section of the toner particle as provided by EDX of the toner particle cross section observed using TEM; a fine particle B, containing a metal compound containing at least one metal element M selected from all the metal elements belonging to Groups 3 to 13, is observed in the fine particle layer A; and the number-average particle diameter D of the fine particle B, the average value H of the thickness of the fine particle layer A, and the standard deviation S on the thickness of the fine particle layer A satisfy prescribed relationships.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle having a binder resin, a wax and a colorant, and metal titanate fine particles having a perovskite crystal structure, wherein in cross section observation of the toner using a transmission electron microscope, when a proportion of an area occupied by the wax in a surface layer region from the surface of the toner particle to a depth of 1.0 ?m is denoted by As, the As is from 5.0% to 30.0%, and a number average particle diameter of primary particles of the metal titanate fine particles is from 10 nm to 80 nm.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including: an image former; and a hardware processor which detects a density of an image formed by the image former, controls the image former to continuously perform image formation on a predetermined number of sheets and thereafter form a plurality of types of halftone test images on a sheet, determines whether an image defect is generated and determines a factor causing the image defect by analyzing densities of the plurality of types of test images, executes a recovery mode which is set for each of the factor when the image defect is determined to be generated, and controls the image former to form a charged test image which is formed by the charger charging the surface of the image carrier and an uncharged test image which is formed without charging of the surface of the image carrier by the charger.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a charger, and a cleaning member. The charger charges a circumferential surface of the image bearing member to a positive polarity. The cleaning member is pressed against the circumferential surface of the image bearing member and collects a toner remaining on the circumferential surface of the image bearing member. A linear pressure N of the cleaning member on the circumferential surface of the image bearing member is at least 14 N/m and no greater than 40 N/m. A rebound resilience R of the cleaning member at a temperature of 25° C. is at least 38%. The leaner pressure N and the rebound resilience R satisfy mathematical formula (1A). The image bearing member satisfies mathematical formula (1B). R < 13.771 × N 0.4043 ( 1 ? A ) 0.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus includes a light source, a deflector, an optical member, a supporting portion, a casing, a cover member, a first air current deflecting portion configured to deflect, to a direction from the bottom toward the cover member, an air current generated by rotation of the rotatable polygonal mirror and flowing along a longitudinal direction of the optical member; and a second air current deflecting portion provided on the cover member and configured to deflect, to a direction crossing the longitudinal direction, the air current deflected by the first air current deflecting portion and flowing in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: An optical writing device includes a light source, a deflector, an imager, and a casing, wherein the imager includes a scanning optical member, the casing includes an optical axis direction positioner, the optical axis direction positioner includes two one side positioners, and one other side positioner, a central position in a sub-scanning direction of the one other side positioner is located between central positions in the sub-scanning direction of the two one side positioners, the scanning optical member is bonded to the casing at a bonding position, and a position in the sub-scanning direction of the bonding position and a position in the sub-scanning direction of the optical axis direction positioner overlap with each other, a main-scanning direction positioner is further provided, and the main-scanning direction positioner is located on the other side with respect to the central position of the scanning optical member in the main-scanning direction.

Abstract: A print head for writing data onto a photoreceptor, including a light source panel of light emitting elements arranged in a matrix, optical systems arranged in a matching matrix, light receiving elements, and a corrector. The optical systems each include at least a light-source-side lens and an image-side lens, and focus light from the light emitting elements onto different regions of the photoreceptor. The light receiving elements each include a light receiving surface disposed in a leaked light region and detect light incident on the light receiving surface. The leaked light region is in a gap between the light-source-side lens and the image-side lens of each of the optical systems occupied by optical paths of light transmitted through the light-source-side lenses but not incident on the image-side lenses. The corrector corrects amounts of light to be emitted from the light emitting elements based on the light detected.

Abstract: A control unit performs first control for outputting a second signal based on a first signal in a case where a cycle of the first signal is within a predetermined cycle, and performs second control for outputting a second signal based on a predicted cycle of the first signal in a case where the cycle of the first signal is out of the predetermined cycle.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image bearing member to rotate; a charging member to charge a surface of the image bearing member; a charging voltage applying portion to apply an alternating-current voltage having a predetermined charging frequency to the charging member; and an exposing portion to perform image exposure and background exposure. A plurality of modes are settable for the image forming apparatus, and the plurality of image forming modes include image forming modes different in a background potential difference which is a potential difference between a surface potential of the image bearing member after the surface of the image bearing member is charged and before the charged surface is exposed by the exposing portion and a surface potential of a portion of the surface of the image bearing member which has been subjected to the background exposure.

Abstract: Provided is a developing roller comprising an electroconductive substrate and an electroconductive layer thereon, the electroconductive layer retaining resin particles so that at least a part of each of the resin particles is exposed on an outer surface of the developing roller; the outer surface of the developing roller constituted by electrically insulating domains and an electroconductive matrix, assuming that a square region 200-?m in a side is put on the outer surface of the developing roller, the square region including the domains, among the domains in the square region at least two of them satisfying specific condition, and assuming that the outer surface of the developing roller is charged, and creating a potential map of the charged outer surface of the developing member, the two domains satisfying the specific condition being ascertained in the potential map.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a developing portion, a driving-side shaft coupling, a movement supporting mechanism, a movement member, a separating member, and a displacement member. The developing portion includes a developing roller that develops an electrostatic latent image formed on an image-carrying member, and a driven-side shaft coupling that is provided on the developing roller. The driving-side shaft coupling transmits driving force, via the driven-side shaft coupling, to the developing roller. The movement supporting mechanism movably supports the developing roller between a developing position and a separated position. The displacement member applies a force to the movement supporting mechanism, and positions the developing roller at the developing position. When the movement member moves further after the driven-side shaft coupling has separated from the driving-side shaft coupling, the displacement member moves the developing roller from the developing position to the separated position.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image forming method for forming a decorated image having a resin layer and a powder contacted with each other, the method including: forming a resin layer on a recording medium; and supplying a powder onto the recording medium, in which the recording medium has a surface with an arithmetic mean height Sa of 1.000 or more.

Abstract: A toner container includes a container body, a first projecting member, a second projecting member, and a plurality of rotational members. The first projecting member and the second projecting member are provided on a bottom surface of the container body, configured to divide an inner space of the container body into a plurality of storage chambers that are juxtaposed in a width direction of the container body, and formed parallel to one another. The plurality of rotational members are rotatably provided, respectively, in the plurality of storage chambers, and juxtaposed in the width direction. Each rotational member includes a rotational shaft body, and a film-like stirring member that is attached to the rotational shaft body and extends in a direction perpendicular to that of the rotational shaft body. A height of the first projecting member from the bottom surface is different from that of the second projecting member.

Abstract: A toner case includes a case main body, first and second agitators, and a transmitting mechanism. The case main body is configured to store a toner. The first and second agitators are configured to rotate and to agitate the toner in the case main body. A transmitting mechanism is configured to transmit rotation to the first and second agitators. The transmitting mechanism stops transmission of the rotation to the second agitator while the transmitting mechanism continues the transmission of the rotation to the first agitator, when driving torque of the second agitator is equal to or more than a first set value.

Abstract: There is provided a developing device for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on a photoreceptor with a developer to form an image, including: a developing container that contains the developer; and a developing roller that faces the photoreceptor, is arranged adjacent to the developing container, and conveys the developer contained in the developing container to the photoreceptor, wherein the developing roller includes a magnetic pole forming part to be formed with a plurality of magnetic poles along a circumferential direction of the developing roller, at least a catch pole is formed as one of the plurality of magnetic poles, and in the catch pole, an amount of a total magnetic charge in an axial direction of the developing roller is kept constant, and a part of magnetic flux density distribution is different from another part of magnetic flux density distribution along the axial direction of the developing roller.

Abstract: A transmission for a developer unit that includes a developer roller to apply LEP ink to a photoconductor, a cleaner roller to clean the developer roller, and a squeegee roller to squeegee ink on the developer roller. In one example, the transmission includes a mechanical drive train to, with the cleaner roller, simultaneously drive the developer roller at a first surface speed and the squeegee roller at a second surface speed slower than the first surface speed.

Abstract: In one example, a method for drying a developer unit of a liquid electrophotographic printer. After printing is complete, development voltage biases are applied to the developer unit while a liquid marking agent flows to the developer unit. The liquid marking agent flow to the developer unit is stopped. Drying voltage biases, lower than the development voltage biases, are applied to the developer unit. Idle voltage biases are applied to the developer unit when dry.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a cleaning unit removably mountable to an apparatus main body under a state of being supported by a transfer unit, and movable with respect to the transfer unit in a longitudinal direction of a cleaning member under a state of not being mounted to the apparatus main body. The apparatus main body includes a frame unit portion configured to position a cartridge with respect to the apparatus main body in an axial direction of a photosensitive drum. The frame unit portion is configured to position the cleaning member with respect to the apparatus main body in the longitudinal direction under a state in which the transfer unit is mounted to the apparatus main body.

Abstract: Provided is a cleaning device that prevents abrasion of a cut surface of a cleaning blade by stably supplying toner to the cleaning blade. The cleaning device includes a plate member, an applying roller and a cleaning blade. The cleaning blade comes in contact with the image carrier and cleans the image carrier. The applying roller comes in contact with the image carrier upstream of the cleaning blade in a conveying direction of the image carrier, and applies toner to the image carrier. The plate member comes in contact with the applying roller and applies the toner to the applying roller. Contact force of the plate member to the applying roller is 5 N or more and less than 40 N, and pressing force of the applying roller to the image carrier is 0.5 N or more and less than 40 N.

Abstract: A position of a stretch roller, where the stretch roller stretches an intermediate transfer belt upstream of and adjacently to a most upstream primary transfer roller in a rotational direction of the intermediate transfer belt, is apart from a photosensitive drum with respect to a primary transfer surface. Further, the most upstream primary transfer roller is larger in outside diameter than other primary transfer rollers, and the most upstream primary transfer roller has a transfer pressure larger than the transfer pressure of the other primary transfer rollers. This arrangement inhibits the most upstream primary transfer roller from deforming and a defective transfer due to waving of the intermediate transfer belt, while inhibiting an increase in size of an apparatus.

Abstract: An image heating device includes a restricting member that restricts a lateral shift of a film in a longitudinal direction in a manner in which an edge surface of the film comes into contact with the restricting member when the film laterally shifts, a roller that forms a nip portion, a frame that has a groove in which the restricting member and the roller are inserted, and a pressurizing spring that pressurizes the restricting member and the roller. The restricting member includes a grooved portion, and protrusions that restrict inclination of the restricting member are formed on the grooved portion. When a pressure is applied to the restricting member and the roller, some of the protrusions are in contact with the frame, the other protrusions are not in contact with the frame, and a height of the some of the protrusions is more than a height of the other protrusions.

Abstract: A heating device includes: a power unit as a primary device which supplies an alternating-current output voltage; and a secondary device including a heater which generates heat by using the alternating-current output voltage. The power unit includes: a rectifier which rectifies an alternating-current input voltage; an inverter which converts a direct-current voltage generated from an output of the rectifier to the alternating-current output voltage; a first detector which detects the alternating-current input voltage; a second detector which detects the alternating-current output voltage; and an inverter controller which receives information indicating a set voltage of an output of the inverter, and controls the inverter such that the alternating-current output voltage approaches the set voltage based on a first detection value outputted from the first detector and on a second detection value outputted from the second detector.

Abstract: Image data of an image formed on a recording material includes a plurality of picture elements. A predetermined number of picture elements which is a portion of the image data are converted as one region to thereby convert the image data to conversion data including a plurality of regions. A value related to a print ratio in each of the regions of the conversion data is analyzed to acquire a value related to connection indicating how continuously regions in which the value related to the print ratio exceeds a threshold are adjacent to each other. Energization of the heat generating element is controlled on the basis of the temperature detected by the temperature detection portion and a control target temperature calculated from the value related to the connection.

Abstract: In an image heating apparatus for heating an image formed on a recording material, a target temperature of heat generating elements corresponding to regions without an image when a recording material passes a nip portion is set in accordance with a length of the regions without an image in a longitudinal direction of a heater.

Abstract: A fixation device performing a fixation process on a medium in conjunction with a pressure roller includes: a fuser heating to a predetermined temperature to perform the fixation process; a temperature sensor senses a temperature of the fuser as time elapses; a controller electrically connected to the fuser and the temperature sensor; and a database connected to the controller and storing heating time data; wherein the controller obtains a heating time period, during which a temperature of the fuser rises from a non-environment temperature to the predetermined temperature, through the temperature sensor, and judges whether the heating time period falls within a qualified range specified by the heating time data. If the heating time period does not fall within the qualified range, then the controller provides an abnormal message, so that the problem of the fixation device can be solved.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a pressure roller and a pressure pad that form a nip portion, and a nip member disposed opposite to the pressure roller as viewed from the pressure pad. The pressure pad is formed of an elongated flat-plate member and includes a first main surface located on a pressure roller side and a second main surface located on a nip member side. The nip member includes a receiving portion abutting against the pressure pad in a pressed state. A portion of the second main surface which corresponds to a passage region of the recording material provided at the nip portion is provided with a plurality of recesses, and the entire perimeter of each of the plurality of recesses is surrounded by projections. Top surfaces of the projections are in close contact with the receiving portion in the pressed state.

Abstract: A fixing device for fixing a toner image on a paper sheet by conveying the paper sheet on which the toner image has been formed while holding the paper sheet at a fixing nip, the fixing device includes an endless belt that rotates, a pressing member that presses the belt from the inner side, a pressure member that forms the fixing nip between the pressure member and the belt by pressing, from the outer side of the belt, a portion of the belt pressed by the pressing member, and a hardware processor that controls glossiness of the toner image formed on the paper sheet by changing a shear force to be applied to the toner image formed on the paper sheet within a predetermined range from a nip inlet that is an end of the fixing nip, located upstream in a direction in which the paper sheet is conveyed.

Abstract: Provided is an image forming apparatus that when a mobile terminal and image forming apparatus are used in combination, causes an operation to be performed by operating only one side. The image forming apparatus is used by being connected to a mobile terminal provided with a terminal side touch panel display. The communicating unit communicates with the mobile terminal and exchanges data. The apparatus side touch panel display is used for self operation of the image forming apparatus. The control unit, via the communicating unit, receives terminal side image data as content that is displayed on the terminal side touch panel display of the mobile terminal from the mobile terminal side, transmits apparatus side operation data corresponding to the content operated by a user on the apparatus side touch panel display to the mobile terminal side, and causes an application in the mobile terminal to be executed using the apparatus side operation data.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a transfer unit that transfers a toner image to a transfer body; a guide unit disposed upstream of the transfer unit in a direction in which the transfer body is transported, the guide unit guiding the transfer body; a supply unit that supplies a transfer voltage to the transfer unit; and a setting unit that sets the transfer voltage supplied by the supply unit so that a transfer current supplied to the transfer unit is within a predetermined range at the time when the transfer body becomes separated from the guide unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including: an image former; a sheet detection sensor; an image reader; and a hardware processor that: detects an image abnormality by analyzing the read image data and obtains a position in a sheet conveyance direction of the detected image abnormality in the read image data for each piece of the read image data corresponding to each of the sheets; estimates a conveyance interval of the plurality of sheets based on a detection result by the sheet detection sensor, and determines whether a specific periodicity exists based on the estimated conveyance interval and the position of the image abnormality detected from the read image data corresponding to each of the sheets; and when the specific periodicity is determined to exist, estimates a part corresponding to the specific periodicity as a failure point.

Abstract: In one example of the disclosure, a set of scanned images is accessed. The scanned images are scans of distinct printouts of subject images produced utilizing a photo imaging plate. A set of defect maps is created by comparing the scanned images to reference data for the subject images. The set of defect maps are combined into an integrated defect map. A scratch defect on the PIP is identified utilizing the integrated defect map.

Abstract: Provided is a cleaning blade. The cleaning blade is used for removing remaining toner which remains on a surface of the target member in an electrophotographic apparatus. The cleaning blade is provided with the blade portion having the edge portion which comes into sliding contact with the target member. The edge portion includes: a substrate of the blade portion; an inner layer extending from a surface of the substrate to the inside of the substrate; and an outer layer extending from a surface of the substrate to an outer outside of the substrate. The inner layer contains at least an acrylic resin or a methacrylate resin, and has a thickness of less than 1 ?m. The outer layer contains at least an acrylic resin or a methacrylate resin, and has a thickness of 0.02 ?m or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a main body, an upper unit, and a moving mechanism. The main body includes an image forming section. The image forming section forms an image on paper. The upper unit is disposed in an upper portion of the main body. The moving mechanism moves the upper unit to a first position and to a second position. The first position of the upper unit is above a position of the image forming section in the upper portion of the main body. The second position of the upper unit is in the upper portion of the main body and is different from the first position.

Abstract: A powder container is for use with an image forming apparatus, and the image forming apparatus includes a driving protrusion that is rotatable and that protrudes toward an upstream side in an insertion direction in which the powder container is inserted. The powder container includes a container body to store powder, a cap attached to the container body, and a transmitted structure provided on the cap to contact the driving protrusion. The transmitted structure extends outward from an outer circumference of the powder container. The cap is rotatable relative to the container body in a predetermined angular range. The rotation of the cap relative to the container body is restricted so that the container body rotates along with the rotation of the cap when the rotation of the cap exceeds the predetermined angular range.

Abstract: A retaining member has annular inner and outer circumferential portions, a connection portion, engagement projections, a slit, a grip portion, a first inclined surface, and a second inclined surface. The engagement projections projects from a shaft-facing surface of the inner circumferential surface. The slit is formed in the inner circumferential portion. The grip portion projects outward in the radial direction from an outer rim of the outer circumferential portion. The first inclined surface is formed at an upstream-side end part of the grip portion with respect to a direction of fitting to the shaft to be inclined outward in the radial direction from upstream side to downstream side in the fitting direction. The second inclined surface is formed at a downstream-side end part of the grip portion to be inclined outward in the radial direction from downstream side to upstream side in the fitting direction.

Abstract: With a structure in which a coupling member includes a sphere providing a center of inclination (pivoting), a rotational force transmitted member has an opening have a diameter smaller than that of the sphere, and the coupling member is prevented from disengaging from rotational force transmitted member by contact of inner edge of the opening to the sphere, the inner edge of the opening may limit an inclinable (pivotable) angle range of the coupling member. In a state that a pin 88 which is a shaft portion is inserted in a hole 86b which is a through-hole provided in a coupling member 86, opposite end portions of the pin 88 are supported by a driving side flange 87 which is a rotational force transmitted member. The coupling member 86 and the driving side flange 87 and the pin 88 are connected in this manner, and the pin 88 contact the inside of the hole 86b without limiting the inclinable (pivotable) angle range, by which the coupling member 86 is prevented from disengaging from the driving side flange 87.

Abstract: A cartridge that can be inserted in an apparatus main body of an image forming apparatus by moving along an axial direction of an image bearing member includes the image bearing member, a frame configured to support the image bearing member, a storage member configured to store therein information on the cartridge, and include an electrical contact, and a first pressed section and a second pressed portion configured to be pressed by the apparatus main body. The electrical contact is disposed between the first pressed section and the second pressed section, and is configured to be in contact with the main body contact on a lower side in a state where the cartridge is attached to the apparatus main body.

Abstract: A cartridge includes a photosensitive member assembly including a photosensitive member, a flange, and a coupling member. The cartridge includes a photosensitive member limiting portion configured to limit movement of the photosensitive member assembly to a first position in a second direction and to a second position in a first direction, and a coupling member limiting portion configured to limit movement of the coupling member to a third position in the second direction and to a fourth position in the first direction. The cartridge is constituted so that the photosensitive member assembly is in the second position and the coupling member is in the fourth position when the cartridge is mounted in the main assembly and an engaging portion of the cartridge member engages with a main assembly driving portion and the cartridge member is urged in the first direction by the main assembly driving portion.

Abstract: A transfer device includes a transfer unit that transfers an image on an image carrier carrying the image onto a first surface of a recording material by applying a voltage containing an alternating-current component to the recording material; and a humidifying unit that humidifies the recording material transported toward the transfer unit from a second surface of the recording material that is opposite to the first surface.