Abstract: Spectrometer and Method for Measuring the Spectral Characteristics thereof. The present invention provides an improved spectrometer and method for measuring the spectral characteristics of an object using the spectrometer. The spectrometer uses single aberration-corrected lens or mirror system such that the light passes through or reflects off that component only once. The lens or mirror system includes a plurality of different lens or mirror that may or may not be made up of different materials which act as one single system and wherein the lens or mirror are aligned such that the different wavelengths contained in the input signal are focused on one plane.

Abstract: A speckle-enhanced discrete Fourier transform spectrometer can include waveguides configured to combine speckle spectroscopy techniques with discrete Fourier transform spectroscopy techniques. A discrete Fourier transform spectrometer section can be a compact, passive, chip-scale optical spectrometer. A speckle spectrometer section can include a multi-mode wave guide. An interference region can be in optical communication with both the discrete Fourier transform spectrometer section and the speckle spectrometer section such that light from both sections interfere in the interference region. A detector can be used to detect light from the interference region for detecting spectral content of light over a large bandwidth at a high resolution.

Abstract: A method is described. The method comprises determining a lightness coordinate value corresponding to a first color value along a black-white axis in an input device color space. A set of color values corresponding to the lightness coordinate value, in the input device color space is determined. A subset of the set, based on the respective angular positions of the color values in the set and an angular position of the first color value is determined. The method comprises deriving a set of print color space values of a target printing system comprising print color space values corresponding to the subset and a color value corresponding to the position of the lightness coordinate value, based on a predetermined association between input device color space values and print color space values. The method comprises determining a given print color space value corresponding to the first color value based on the derived set of print color space values.

Abstract: The colorimetry apparatus includes a light source for emitting light to a surface of a detected object, a diffraction grating for spectrally separating, for each wavelength, the light emitted from the light source and reflected by the detected object, and a line sensor including multiple pixels, for receiving the light, which is spectrally separated by the diffraction grating, for the each wavelength by the multiple pixels. The light source and the line sensor are arranged on the common substrate.

Abstract: Infra-red sensors are often used in turbo molecular pumps to detect the temperature of the rotor or other mechanical parts and therefore indicate imminent, or potential, running failures. As deposits build up on either the infra-red sensor, or on the surface being monitored, the reading given by the sensor may not be a true representation of the actual surface temperature which can cause the pump controller to fail to stop the pump in time. The present invention provides a method and device for calibrating the sensor by creating a determined temperature rise in the sensor whilst keeping the rotor at ambient temperature. In particular the present invention uses the motor stator as the heater for causing the temperature increase.

Abstract: A gas monitoring apparatus (10) identifies a target anesthetic or respiratory gas species and determines a concentration thereof. The gas monitor includes a multi-spectral mosaic filter and lens array (12), a composite thermal sensing focal plane array (26), and a signal processor (32). The mosaic filter and lens array (12) comprises a 2D array of lens structures (14) and long wave infrared (IR) band-pass filter elements (16) having a patterned thermally reflective metal disposition layer (18, 22) disposed on a first and/or second surface (20, 24) between adjacent lens structures and/or filter elements, respectively. The composite focal plane array (26) includes a plurality of individual thermal sensing focal plane arrays (28) with integrated read out integrated circuits (ROIC) that output a respective sensed channel data (36).

Abstract: A substrate for a sensor assembly of a resistance thermometer is disclosed. The substrate is comprised of aluminum oxide and zirconium dioxide and has a thermal coefficient of expansion approximately equal to the terminal coefficient of expansion of platinum.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a temperature sensor, which includes at least one temperature sensor element with an at least partially metallized face and a support, includes applying a connecting layer of at least gold, silver and/or palladium to the support, applying a silver sinter paste layer, arranging the temperature sensor element on the support, so that the temperature sensor element with the at least partially metallized face contacts the support via the connecting layer and the silver paste layer, and sintering of the silver sinter paste layer for connecting the temperature sensor element with the support.

Abstract: Various arrangements are presented that detail a wall mounting system for a wireless sensor device, such as a wireless temperature sensor device. A flanged fastener that includes a first flange and a second flange may be present. The first flange can prevent the flanged fastener from being inserted more than a defined distance into a surface. The second flange may be removably insertable into a mounting hole present on a backplate of the wireless sensor. The system can further include a wireless sensor unit that includes the backplate. The wireless sensor is removably attachable to the flanged fastener while the flanged fastener is inserted into the surface.

Abstract: A temperature measuring assembly and an electrical device. The temperature measuring assembly includes a heat conducting element and a temperature measuring element. The heat conducting element is arranged for conducting heat of a to-be-measured device. The temperature measuring element is thermally conductive with the heat conducting element so as to measure a temperature signal of the to-be-measured device according to the heat conducted by the heat conducting element and output the temperature signal to an output connecting element. The heat conducting element and the temperature measuring element are elements separately formed and may be connected as an integral element. The heat conducting element of the temperature measuring assembly has a good insulation and thermal conduction performance and is particularly suitable for measuring the temperature of the to-be-measured device and capable of shortening a temperature measurement response time of the temperature measuring element.

Abstract: A substrate for a sensor assembly of a resistance thermometer is disclosed. The substrate is comprised of spinel and magnesium oxide and has a thermal coefficient of expansion approximately equal to the thermal coefficient of expansion of platinum.

Abstract: In a configuration for measuring a signal voltage by a voltage measuring unit through a multiplexer to which signals are inputted from a plurality of sensors including a thermistor, a series circuit which includes the thermistor, a driving resistor and a level shift resistor is connected between a power supply and the ground. A common connection point between the driving resistor and the level shift resistor is connected to an input terminal of the multiplexer.

Abstract: A haptic engine for measuring displacement of the haptic engine's mass uses a single sensing magnet that is carried by the mass along a driving direction. The haptic engine further uses two or more Hall-effect sensors, which are spaced apart (i) from each other along a direction parallel to the driving direction and (ii) from the single sensing magnet along a direction orthogonal to the driving direction, and are disposed adjacent to an ASIC that receives the sensors' output.

Abstract: Circuitry for determining the direction of incidence of an acoustic signal in an integrated circuit. An electronic circuit includes a packaged integrated circuit. The packaged integrated circuit includes a die. The die includes a plurality of acoustic transducers spaced apart on the die, and a measurement circuit. The plurality of acoustic transducers includes at least a first acoustic transducer and a second acoustic transducer. The measurement circuit is coupled to at least the first acoustic transducer and the second acoustic transducer. The measurement circuit is configured to determine for the first acoustic transducer, a first time at which the first acoustic transducer detects an acoustic signal propagating in the die; and determine for the second acoustic transducer, a second time at which the second acoustic transducer detects the acoustic signal propagating in the die.

Abstract: A method for installing a sensor on a component is provided. The method includes attaching the sensor to a surface of the component. The method includes covering the sensor using a metal wire. The method includes applying a multilayer coating on the metal wire. Applying the multilayer coating includes applying a first coating. The first coating is capable of being machined. Applying the multilayer coating includes machining the first coating and applying a second coating over the first coating. The second coating is a ceramic oxide and the second coating is configured to serve as a thermal and dielectric barrier. Applying the multilayer coating also includes applying a third coating over the second coating. The third coating is configured to provide erosion resistance.

Abstract: An angular rotation sensor system constituted of: a first target with a member radially extending from, and rotating about a longitudinal axis of the first target; a second target with a member radially extending from, and rotating about a longitudinal axis of the second target; a first receive coil comprising a plurality of loops laid out such that adjacent loops exhibit opposing magnetic polarities responsive to a radio frequency current injected into the transmit coil; a second receive coil comprising a plurality of loops laid out such that adjacent loops exhibit opposing magnetic polarities responsive to a radio frequency current injected into the transmit coil; and an output coupled to each of the first and second receive coils, wherein each of the members is shaped and sized to generally match a shape and size of a pair of loops.

Abstract: The invention discloses an inductive torque sensor and a combined inductive torque and angle sensor for position sensing. The object of the invention to propose a torque sensor as well as a combined torque and angle sensor which does not require a shielding of the sensor PCB and which can provide a plausibility check of the torque sensor when using only three sensors will be solved by an inductive torque sensor for detection of torque movements comprising a stationary printed circuit board (PCB) with sensing coils, a primary target and a secondary target, whereas the primary target and secondary target each comprise of different metallic patterns, whereas each target covers 50% of the sensing coils and the combined coverage of both targets varies between 50% and 100% depending on the relative position between the two targets.

Abstract: A shot peening intensity measurement device has a holder and a test disk formed from a resonant and hardened material. The test disk is held to the holder with a cover that threads onto the holder and clamps the test disk. The holder and test disk form a chamber where a portion of the test disk is unsupported. A measurement device, such as a microphone or other non-contacting device detects vibrations from the test disk when shot or media contacts the test disk.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement (10) for an evaluation in a capacitive sensor device (20) of a vehicle (1), in particular for the detection of an activation action at the vehicle (1), comprising: at least one sensor element (20.1) for the detection of a change in a surroundings of the sensor element (20.1), an electric holding arrangement (50.4) which is connected to the sensor element (20.1) for the transfer of charge, a control device (50) for the repeated determination (100) of at least one parameter of the sensor element (20.1) specific to the detection, in order to perform the evaluation, at least one controlling means (50.6) of the control device (50) in order to perform for the respective determination (100) of the parameter the transfer of charge repeatedly as pulses (P) with a predetermined number (N), so that a state of charge of the holding arrangement (50.4) is changed successively.

Abstract: A measurement device for ascertaining a pressure in a measurement volume which receives a fluid or through which fluid flows. The measurement volume is bounded at least sectionally by a side wall and a vibration transducer is arranged on the side wall. The vibration transducer is actuable by a control device of the measurement device to excite a wave that is guided through the side wall. The guided wave is able to be guided through the side wall along a propagation path back to the vibration transducer or to at least one further vibration transducer and it is captured there by the control device in order to ascertain measurement data. The pressure in the measurement volume is then ascertained by the control device in dependence on the measurement data.

Abstract: An integrated seal and diaphragm member for a pressure sensor assembly may include a diaphragm portion and a seal portion integral with the diaphragm portion. In some cases, the integrated seal and diaphragm member includes one or more retention features integral with the diaphragm portion and/or the seal portion. In some cases, the seal portion may be thicker than the diaphragm portion and may extend around the perimeter of the diaphragm portion. In some instances, the seal portion may be configured to deform to form a seal with a pressure port of an external component or device without causing the diaphragm portion to move toward the pressure port in any significant way.

Abstract: A sensor (2) is provided, having an acoustic resonator (18) for containing a fluid such as air and at least one transducer (22, 24) arranged to emit an acoustic signal into the acoustic resonator (18) in response to an excitation signal provided to the transducer (22, 24) by an electronic unit (4). The electronic unit (4) receives a response signal from at least one transducer (22, 24), and processes the excitation signal and the response signal to derive the acoustic signal response of the acoustic resonator. The pressure and/or temperature of the fluid may be derived from the acoustic signal response. More specifically, the electronic unit (4) may derive the temperature of fluid inside the acoustic resonator (18) by obtaining the resonant frequencies of the acoustic signal inside the acoustic resonator (18), or may derive the barometric pressure from the acoustic signal response in the vicinity of the fundamental frequency and its harmonics.

Abstract: The disclosed technology includes a transducer assembly having a first transducer element. The transducer assembly includes a first filter element adjacent to least of portion of the first transducer element such that a first cavity is defined between the first filter element and the first transducer element. The first filter element includes a plurality of machined passageways in communication with the first cavity. The transducer assembly also includes an inlet passage having a first end in communication with a first external portion of the transducer assembly and a second end in communication with the plurality of machined passageways.

Abstract: Disclosed is an easily manufacturable pressure measuring system comprising a support, especially a support of metal, especially stainless steel, a pedestal connected with the support, and a pressure sensor mounted on a free end of the pedestal, in the case of which the pressure sensor is protected against thermomechanical stresses. The pressure measuring system is distinguished by features including that the pedestal includes a base arranged on the support, the pedestal includes a projection extending from the base toward the pressure sensor and comprising the free end of the pedestal, the base has a footprint, which is larger than a footprint of the projection, and the projection has a footprint, which is smaller than a footprint of the pressure sensor mounted thereon.

Abstract: A dynamic balance testing device includes a vibrating unit configured to rotatably hold a predetermined rotating body being a specimen, a first spring configured to elastically support the vibrating unit and restrict displacement of the vibrating unit in a direction parallel to a rotation axis of the predetermined rotating body, and at least three second springs configured to elastically support the vibrating unit and restrict displacement of the vibrating unit in a predetermined direction orthogonal to the rotation axis. The at least three second springs are attached to the vibrating unit on a same predetermined plane, and the vibrating unit holds the predetermined rotating body such that a projection of a center of gravity of the predetermined rotating body onto the predetermined plane is substantially at the same position as a position where the first spring is attached to the vibrating unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas leakage search device including a test gas spray device for spraying a test object with a test gas, a vacuum assembly for evacuating the test object, wherein the vacuum assembly has a vacuum pump and a gas detector downstream of the test object for measuring the test gas proportion, and an analysis unit which evaluates the measurement signal of the gas detector. The invention is characterized in that a data communication connection is established between the spray device and the analysis unit; the spray device is designed to detect at least one point in time of the spraying process and to transmit same to the analysis unit, and the analysis unit is designed to output the corresponding measured test gas proportion at the transmitted point in time of the spraying process.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and system for monitoring one or more properties of an asset such as a long distance pipeline using a plurality of mobile sensor nodes. The method includes generating a time-based schedule for the plurality of mobile sensor nodes for monitoring the one or more properties of the asset, wherein the time-based schedule defines a time slot corresponding to a mobile sensor node to perform a data collection operation. The data collection operation is then initiated at a first mobile sensor node of the plurality of mobile sensor nodes based on a first time slot as defined in the time-based schedule. The data collection operation of the first mobile sensor node is then managed based on the time-based schedule and an energy status of the first mobile sensor node. Finally, the data pertaining to the one or more properties of the asset is collected from the plurality of mobile sensor nodes.

Abstract: A leak detection and recovery system for use with DRA equipment. The system is intended to reduce the risk of a chemical release into the environment, namely the soil, ground water, and waterways. The system may provide clean collection of leaked DRA, early detection of DRA leaks, immediate notification of DRA leaks, and re-use of leaked DRA through clean recovery with no hazardous waste disposal.

Abstract: A leaked gas detection device and a leaked gas detection method according to the present invention obtain a leakage position of a gas leaked into a space on the basis of an image of a target area, obtain a reliability degree that is an index representing the degree of reliability with respect to the obtained leakage position on the basis of data of a meteorological element, and display the obtained leakage position on a display unit in a range including the leakage position. At this time, the leaked gas detection device and the leaked gas detection method according to the present invention change a size of the range according to the obtained reliability degree.

Abstract: A system configured to detect failure of a hose includes a sensor assembly having a body with a first arm and a second arm pivotally coupled to one another at respective first ends, and the body is configured to move between a closed position and an open position. The sensor assembly also includes a first electrical contact positioned at a respective second end of the first arm and a second electrical contact position at a respective second end of the second arm. The first electrical contact and the second electrical contact are configured to contact one another to form a complete electrical circuit when the body is in the closed position and are configured to be separated from one another to form an open electrical circuit when the body is in the open position to facilitate detection of the failure of the hose.

Abstract: A search unit acquires a type of damage and a degree of damage for each member position obtained in a damage information extraction process of a damage information extraction device. The search unit collates building structure information of a building structure information DB, the degree of damage corresponding to the type of damage for each member position analyzed by an inspection data analysis unit, and use environment history information of a use environment history information DB with soundness information of a soundness DB and searches for soundness of a building similar thereto. A soundness determination unit determines soundness of a building that is an inspection target on the basis of the soundness of the building that has been searched for. A soundness output unit outputs the soundness to a display, a printer, or the like.

Abstract: An apparatus to measure swing mass moments of sports' implements includes an apparatus that receive a handle of a sports' implement and measures rotational angularity thereof using a calibrated counter force element and using a static mode of measurement in association with a scale having a plurality of readings.

Abstract: An experimental setup for bridge deck large-amplitude vertical-torsional coupled free vibration in wind tunnel test, which belongs to the technical field of wind tunnel test apparatus. The experimental setup includes the rigid model, the rigid circular rods, the lightweight rigid circular sprockets, the chains, the linear tensile vertical springs, the bearings, the sliders, and the guides. For the new setup, large-amplitude vertical-torsional coupled free vibration of a rigid deck model that failed in conventional testing device can be adapted by the vertical deformation of the springs without any lateral tilt. As a result, the possible nonlinear mechanical stiffness due to the springs tilt in conventional testing device is excluded. In addition, owing to the low rolling friction and damping between the sprockets and the chains, the mechanical damping ratio of the system are quite low and stable for very large-amplitude vibrations.

Abstract: A wiring method of an optical fiber in a curved shape includes disposing a first guide member which guides the optical fiber on an outer peripheral side of a wiring path of the curved shape of the optical fiber, and imparting a predetermined bending to the optical fiber by bringing the optical fiber into contact with the first guide member.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a malfunction monitoring and early warning system which can learn the determined malfunction data. The malfunction monitoring and early warning system may be used in connection with engines of different fields such as industrial engines, wind turbine engines, rail transport engines. The malfunction monitoring and early warning system ensures early detection of malfunction, required maintenance, and early warning determination by monitoring the temperature, vibration, and speed information of the engine monitored by the system.

Abstract: A ground testing device for a turbomachine, including an aircraft engine (12) extending axially from an air inlet to a nozzle, a shroud (20) having an axis of revolution (A) and surrounding at least partially the engine (12) so as to create an annular air flow between the engine (12) and the shroud (20) when the engine (12) is in operation, and a framework (22) allowing the shroud (20) to be supported.

Abstract: Method for setting up a tyre checking apparatus, said apparatus (1) comprising at least: a support base (34) for a tyre (2) a first acquisition device (430) and a second acquisition device (43a) for acquiring images representative of said tyre (2) positioned on said support base (34); a first robotic member (40a) for moving said second acquisition device (43a). Said method comprises: providing a setup device (100) comprising: a first wall (110) having first predefined shapes (F1); a second wall (120) having second predefined shapes (F2), said second wall (120) being substantially parallel and non-coplanar to said first wall (110); a top surface (130); a central reference (140) arranged on said top surface (130). Said method also comprises: executing at least one of a first set-up and a second set-up.

Abstract: Embodiments include an apparatus for determining a pull-out capacity of a nail disposed in concrete. The apparatus includes control processing circuitry and a Schmidt hammer electrically connected to the control processing circuitry. The Schmidt hammer is configured to strike the nail during a test event and to record a rebound value for the nail. The control processing circuitry is configured to calculate an estimated pull-out strength for the nail using the rebound value of the nail that resulted from the test event, a predetermined nail length, a predetermined nail penetration depth in the concrete, and an estimated predetermined strength of concrete. The apparatus also includes a remote computer configured to communicate with the control processing circuitry and to store an estimated pull-out strength of the nail. The control processing circuitry includes a memory and a database.

Abstract: A diagnosis control method of an air conditioner is provided to clearly inform a user of an air conditioner installation error. The diagnosis control method includes receiving a test run command or a self-diagnosis command for diagnosis of the air conditioner, performing a first test run to diagnose an assembly state of the air conditioner, performing a second test run to diagnose pipe connection of the air conditioner and an amount of refrigerant in the air conditioner, performing a determination including diagnosing a state of the air conditioner based on operation results of the first test run and the second test run, and displaying the diagnosis result through a display device provided at an indoor unit of the air conditioner.

Abstract: Systems and method for operating and monitoring refrigerators are described. Temperature cycles within the compartment are characterized using statistical, frequency and pattern analysis techniques to derive a steady-state characteristic of temperature within the compartment. A thermal sensor inside the conditioned area is monitored and temperature data sets can be analyzed to determine performance in comparison to a baseline, and energy consumption. Analysis of continuous temperature readings taken from individual or groups of freezers identifies patterns of variations in temperature cycles from which feedback on efficiency can be inferred. Electrical load can be determined by measuring or estimating current usage and identifying periods of time when compressors are active in the refrigerator.

Abstract: A method for evaluating load performance of a rotor/stator test coupon tested within a sealable test chamber containing test fluid. The test coupon preferably includes at least a partial length of a PDM stage. Alternatively, the test coupon may include a splined rotor/stator. The method includes rotating either the rotor section or the stator section in order to actuate corresponding rotation of the other of the rotor section and the stator section. Non-linear torque in the form of an acceleration torque and/or a braking torque may be applied to either the rotor section or the stator section. Downhole stall conditions may be simulated by selectively engaging and disengaging a second motor and flywheel to vary rotational torque applied to the test coupon. Load performance of the test coupon may be evaluated over time in such simulated stall conditions.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a support for providing an in-plane or out-of-plane elastic torsional restraint and an experimental device including the same. The support includes a base formed with two vertical support lugs extending upwards; an inclined strut formed with two swinging portions, where the swinging portions are hingedly connected to the vertical support lugs in pairs; an outer frame part, disposed between the two vertical support lugs, where left and right side portions of the outer frame part are respectively hingedly connected to the vertical support lugs; an inner frame part, disposed inside the outer frame part, a first elastic part, connected between the swinging portion and the outer frame part, to provide a rotational restraint force on the outer frame part; and a second elastic part, connected between the outer frame part and the inner frame part, to provide a rotational restraint force on the inner frame part.

Abstract: A device for the sampling and extraction of a granular solid in a pack of granular solids, containing a sampling probe (1), a sample collector (2) connected to said sampling probe (1), and a controller (3), the sampling probe (1) comprising a sampling tube (4) and at least one transfer tube (5), the sampling tube (4) and transfer tube (5) containing at least one central conduit and at least two lateral conduits, wherein the central conduit (6a) of the sampling tube (4) contains a collection chamber (10) containing a system (11) for retaining the granular solid, and the lateral conduits (7a, 7b) of the sampling tube (4) and transfer tube (5) are connected to a source of gaseous fluid (12) which is capable of extracting the granular solid retained in the collection chamber (10) via the lateral conduits (8a, 8b) of the sampling tube (4) and transfer tube (5).

Abstract: A sampling system including a probe having at least one sorbent trap disposed in a fluid passage that receives and delivers a sample gas, and an in-line temperature measurement located within the fluid passage of the probe. The in-line temperature measurement may be provided by a temperature measurement device having a thermal sensing portion located proximate to, or at, the sorbent trap for providing a more accurate temperature measurement of the trap during sampling of the gas. The sampling system includes a controller configured to receive a signal corresponding to the temperature measured by the thermal sensing portion within the fluid passage, in which the controller may be configured to control the temperature of the sorbent trap based upon the temperature signal.

Abstract: A particulate matter detection sensor includes a particulate matter detection unit for changing the output of an electrical signal in accordance with change in the electrical characteristics due to the deposition of particulate matter contained in an exhaust gas G discharged from an internal combustion engine, and a cover member having a cylindrical cover wall and disposed to surround the particulate matter detection unit. The particulate matter detection unit includes a deposition portion on which a part of the particulate matter is deposited, and a plurality of detection electrodes disposed being spaced apart from each other on the deposition portion. The deposition portion of the particulate matter detection unit is arranged so as to be oriented towards the tip side of the cover member. The cover wall of the cover member includes a plurality of exhaust gas introduction holes formed at positions closer to the tip side than is the deposition portion.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to treatment of nucleic acid molecules that are attached or associated with solid supports for biochemical analysis, including nucleic acid sequencing. After loading on the solid support, the nucleic acid molecules are treated with a composition comprising a condensing agent, a volume excluding agent, or both, then treated with a composition comprising a protein.

Abstract: Described herein are methods, compositions, kits and systems for fixing biological samples. In one aspect, the method includes contacting the tissue sample with a fixing composition comprising about 20 to about 80% v/v DMSO. The solutions of the dehydration and clearing steps also include DMSO. Tissues fixed according to the methods described herein (and using the compositions herein described) may be fixed at a more rapid rate as compared to conventional procedures, but with comparable results.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, compositions, and kits useful in preparing labeled molecules, which are useful in the detection of binding partners.

Abstract: A binary cleanup device for sample pretreatment of compound analysis and a simplified sample pretreatment method using the binary cleanup device are disclosed. The simplified sample pretreatment method includes a homogenization step to crush the sample, an extraction/partition step to mix the crushed sample with a solvent and a salt reagent into a sample liquid, a filtration step to remove solid matters from the sample liquid, and a cleanup step to clean up the filtered sample liquid using a binary cleanup device, which is consisting of a liquid transfer device and a filter tube filled up with a cleanup agent. Draw a defined portion of the filtered sample extracts via the liquid transfer device, and then let the aspirated sample liquid pass through the cleanup agent of the filter tube. Thus, a single liquid transfer step that achieving accurate sampling and rapid cleanup, simultaneously.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to systems and methods to create stable emulsions with low rates of exchange of molecules between microdroplets.