Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, and a sixth lens sequentially arranged from an object side to an imaging plane. An object-side surface of the fourth lens is convex, an object-side surface of the fifth lens is concave, and an angle of view of the optical imaging system is 100 degrees or more.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses an optical imaging system, sequentially from an object side to an image side of the optical imaging system along an optical axis, including: a first lens having refractive power; a second lens having negative refractive power; a third lens having refractive power; a fourth lens having positive refractive power; a fifth lens having refractive power; a sixth lens having refractive power; and a seventh lens having refractive power, a concave object-side surface, and a concave image-side surface. Half of a diagonal length ImgH of an effective pixel area on an imaging plane of the optical imaging system may satisfy ImgH>6.0 mm. A total effective focal length f of the optical imaging system and an entrance pupil diameter EPD of the optical imaging system may satisfy f/EPD<1.9.

Abstract: Provided is a camera optical lens, including, from object side to image side, a first lens having positive refractive power; a second lens having positive refractive power; a third lens having positive refractive power; a fourth lens having positive refractive power; a fifth lens having negative refractive power; a sixth lens; a seventh lens having negative refractive power; an eighth lens having positive refractive power; and a ninth lens having negative refractive power. The camera optical lens satisfies 3.50?f1/f?5.00 and 2.50?d3/d4?10.00, where f denotes a focal length of the camera optical lens, f1 denotes a focal length of the first lens, d3 denotes an on-axis thickness of the second lens, and d4 denotes an on-axis distance from an image side surface of the second lens to an object side surface of the third lens. The lens has large aperture, wide angle and ultra-thinness while having good optical performance.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a camera optical lens including, from an object side to an image side in sequence: a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, a seventh lens, and an eighth lens; wherein the first lens has a positive refractive power, and the camera optical lens satisfies conditions of: 0.95?f/TTL; 3.50?f2/f?5.50; and ?20.00?(R5+R6)/(R5?R6)??3.00. The camera optical lens can achieve good optical performance while meeting the design requirements for long focal length and ultra-thinness.

Abstract: A camera optical lens includes six-piece lenses, from an object side to an image side, the six-piece lenses are: a first lens having a positive refractive power, a second lens having a negative refractive power, a third lens having a negative refractive power, a fourth lens, a fifth lens having a positive refractive power and a sixth lens having a negative refractive power. The camera optical lens satisfies conditions of 0.65?f1/f?0.85, 0.80?d3/d4?1.20, 0.85?d8/d9?1.35, and ?4.00?R9/R10??2.00. Here f denotes a focal length of the camera optical lens, f1 denotes a focal length of the first lens, d3 denotes an on-axis thickness of the second lens. The camera optical lens of the present disclosure has excellent optical performances, and meanwhile can meet design requirements of ultra-thin and a wide angle.

Abstract: A photographing optical lens assembly includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element and a sixth lens element. The first lens element with positive refractive power has an object-side surface being convex in a paraxial region thereof. The second lens element has refractive power. Each of the third through sixth lens elements has refractive power and an object-side surface and an image-side surface being both aspheric. The photographing optical lens assembly has a total of six lens elements with refractive power.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, and a seventh lens sequentially arranged along an optical axis from an object side toward an image side. The fifth lens has a positive refractive power, a focal length of the fifth lens is smaller than an overall focal length of the optical imaging system, and ?0.38?R10/f??0.32, where R10 is a radius of curvature of an image-side surface of the fifth lens and f is the overall focal length of the optical imaging system.

Abstract: A photographing optical lens assembly includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element and a fifth lens element. The first lens element with positive refractive power has a convex object-side surface. The second lens element with negative refractive power has a convex object-side surface and a concave image-side surface. The third lens element has refractive power. The fourth lens element has refractive power, and an object-side surface and an image-side surface thereof are aspheric. The fifth lens element with negative refractive power has a concave image-side surface, wherein an object-side surface and the image-side surface thereof are aspheric, and at least one of the object-side surface and the image-side surface thereof has at least one inflection point.

Abstract: A light-folding element includes an object-side surface, an image-side surface, a reflection surface and a connection surface. The reflection surface is configured to reflect imaging light passing through the object-side surface to the image-side surface. The connection surface is connected to the object-side, image-side and reflection surfaces. The light-folding element has a recessed structure located at the connection surface. The recessed structure is recessed from the connection surface an includes a top end portion, a bottom end portion and a tapered portion located between the top end and bottom end portions. The top end portion is located at an edge of the connection surface. The tapered portion has two tapered edges located on the connection surface. The tapered edges are connected to the top end and bottom end portions. A width of the tapered portion decreases in a direction from the top end portion towards the bottom end portion.

Abstract: An imaging lens system includes a first lens having a positive refractive power, a second lens having a negative refractive power, a third lens having a positive refractive power, a fourth lens having a positive refractive power, a fifth lens having a negative refractive power, and a sixth lens having a positive refractive power. The F number of the system is 2.0 or less. The following Conditional Expression is satisfied: OAL/(Img HT)<1.50. In the expression, OAL represents a distance from an object-side surface of the first lens to an imaging plane, and Img HT represents a half of a diagonal length of the imaging plane.

Abstract: A lens system for imaging includes, in order from the object side, a first lens group with negative refractive power, a second lens group with positive refractive power, a third lens group with positive refractive power, a stop, and a fourth lens group with positive refractive power. The third lens group includes, closest to the image plane side, a cemented lens on the object side of the stop and whose image plane-side surface includes a concave surface on the object side. The fourth lens group includes, closest to the object side, a cemented lens on the image plane side of the stop and whose object-side surface includes a concave surface on the image plane side. A radius of curvature g3er of the object side concave surface and the radius of curvature g4fr of the image plane side concave surface satisfy the following condition: 2.5?|g4fr/g3er|?4.0.

Abstract: An optical element for light concentration for a predefined wavelength range, includes a holding sleeve which is formed in such a way that a light passage volume is framed by at least one reflective partial surface of the holding sleeve, and a light transmission element, with which the light passage volume is at least partly filled and which is transmissive, at least for the predefined wavelength range. The light transmission element is at least partly formed from at least one medium that is diffuse for the predefined wavelength range, and has at least one first subregion having at least a first diffusivity and a second subregion having at least a second diffusivity differing from the first diffusivity. The disclosure further relates to a method for producing an optical element for light concentration.

Abstract: A polarimeter and a method of analyzing and imaging microstructural material orientation of a sample are disclosed.

Abstract: An embodiment in accordance with the present invention provides a miniature microscope capable of performing in vivo, real-time imaging of multiple organ sites in awake and behaving animals (e.g. rodents). A microscope according to the present invention includes multiple optical contrast mechanisms (i.e. contrast arising from neural, hemodynamic and other physiological components). Exemplary contrast mechanisms include, but are not limited to fluorescence, hemoglobin level, deoxyhemoglobin level, and blood flow. The microscope is fully adaptable to in vitro and ex vivo imaging, can be customized to concurrently image at variable magnifications, conduct optogenetic/electrical/chemical stimulations, drug delivery, microdialysis, accompanied by electrical signal recording, wireless image transmission and charging.

Abstract: Fluorescence microscopy method comprising: illuminating a scattering sample with a coherent excitation light beam having a wavefront with an initial configuration for exciting fluorescent emitters in the scattering sample; acquiring an initial image; selecting target pixels in an area of the initial image; optimising the initial configuration of the wavefront for each target pixel for decreasing the speckle grain size and obtaining a final image; subtracting the initial image from the final image for each target pixel, obtaining an image; fitting the image with a Gaussian function with free center coordinates for each target pixel; generating an image containing a Gaussian distribution centered at the coordinates and intensity, and with a waist equal to an average size S of speckle grain of the scattering sample, for each target pixel; and generating a final image of the sample by summing the images of the target pixels.

Abstract: A method for performing SIM microscopy on a sample, includes: generating n raw images of the sample, in each case by illuminating the sample using the same SIM illumination pattern albeit with an individual positioning for each raw image, wherein p orders of diffraction are assigned to the SIM illumination pattern, and generating an image of the sample from the n raw images. An image reconstruction is carried out using the orders of diffraction, wherein t highest orders of diffraction are suppressed during the image reconstruction and n=p?t applies.

Abstract: A space optical system is disclosed. The space optical system can include a primary support structure in support of a primary mirror. The space optical system can also include a sensor mounting structure coupled to the primary support structure and extending to an exterior of space optical system. The space optical system can further include first and second sensors mounted on the sensor mounting structure. In one aspect, the sensor mounting structure can comprise a thermally and mechanically stable, non-zero CTE material.

Abstract: A region of interest located in a first part to be observed is detected from a medical image at a first timing. In a case where a tip portion of an endoscope moves from the first part to be observed toward a second part to be observed and then moves to the first part to be observed again, a return determination unit performs first determination processing for determining whether the tip portion has returned to the first part to be observed, by using a medical image acquired a second timing. A display control unit performs display control of a monitor by using a determination result of the return determination unit.

Abstract: An insertion assisting instrument has an outer diameter dimension set to satisfy a relationship of xb?<xc? assuming that an insertion assisting instrument is projected on X-Y coordinates such that a point on a circumference where the insertion assisting instrument has a largest outer diameter (that is, a point on an outer periphery of a proximal-end-side tapered surface at a distal end) is set as an origin and the proximal-end-side tapered surface is brought into contact with an X axis, coordinates of a second point B, which is most distal from the X axis on the circumference where the insertion assisting instrument has the largest outer diameter are (xb?, yb?), and coordinates of a third point C, which is most proximal from the X axis on a circumference at the proximal end of the insertion assisting instrument, are (xc?, yc?).

Abstract: A method for designing an optical system for providing reliable, robust and successful realization of a distortion variation function is presented. In a preferred embodiment, the proposed distortion variation optical system includes at least two non-symmetrical elements, which are moving in the transverse direction. The proposed freeform lens contains two transmissive refractive surfaces. The freeform elements designed with this method have preferably a flat surface and a non-symmetrical freeform surface. The two plano-surfaces are preferably made to face each other, so that a miniature camera can be offered. The value of the non-symmetrical freeform surface is used to produce variable optical power when the two freeform elements undergo a relative movement in the vertical direction. Using this method, an optical system with an active distortion, smaller form factor, and better imaging quality can be obtained.

Abstract: A light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system that provides a large field-of-view (FOV) includes an angle tolerant birefringent electro-optic shutter, an optical system, and one or more image sensors. The electro-optic shutter includes a birefringent material. The optical system is configured to receive optical pulses that are reflected from an environment and that include a first set of angles. The optical system is configured to compress the first set of angles into a second set of angles below a threshold angle associated with the birefringent material. The electro-optic shutter is configured to receive the optical signals with the second set of angles. The image sensor(s) are configured to generate an image of the environment based on the optical pulses with the second set of angles that pass through the electro-optic shutter.

Abstract: An eye-tracking method includes enabling at least one light source of an array of light sources to emit non-visible light to illuminate an eye. The method also includes obtaining at least one image of the eye while the at least one light source is enabled. A position of the eye may then be determined based on a position of the at least one light source within the array of light sources in response to determining that the at least one image indicates a bright pupil condition when the at least one light source was enabled.

Abstract: A method of tracking wearable sensors attached to respective body parts of a user includes acquiring multiple yaw measurements from a wearable sensor by measurement circuitry within the wearable sensor, calculating errors in the yaw measurements based on comparisons of the yaw measurements with one or more yaw references, and correcting the yaw measurements by removing the errors.

Abstract: A display device includes light sources that emit light, a display panel that displays an image, and a light guide panel that guides the light emitted from the light sources to the display panel. The light guide panel includes an incident surface facing the light sources, an emission surface facing the display panel, a first reflective surface facing the incident surface, and a second reflective surface facing the emission surface. The first reflective surface has a concave shape that reflects light so that the reflected light becomes closer to parallel light when viewed in a facing direction of the display panel and the light guide panel in the light guide panel, is tilted at an angle larger than 0 degrees with respect to the incident surface, and intersects the second reflective surface at an angle smaller than 90 degrees.

Abstract: A near-eye display device for virtual or augmented reality (AR), comprising of only a few, light-weight optical elements and offering high resolution and a large field of view. The device comprises a display positioned close to a user's eye and a concave, preferably partially transparent mirror, reflecting and focusing displayed images toward the user's eye. The display emits image forming light patterns from its side away from the eye and is clear transparent from its other side, allowing for a direct view through the display. This allows for a coaxial rather than the usual off-axis-configuration of the optical image forming elements, in particular the concave mirror and also the display itself, which may also serve as a second optical element if its surface has a non planar shape. These principles presented allow to overcome resolution limitations usually connected with simple optical configurations.

Abstract: An electronic device that is wearable on a part of a body of a user is provided. The electronic device includes a camera, a display, a memory, and a processor. The memory may store instructions which, when executed, cause the processor to obtain a plurality of consecutive images by using the camera based on a first user input of the user, identify an external object from an image obtained by using the camera, identify a specific area on the external object specified by a second user input of the user from the image, extract at least one image from the plurality of consecutive images and associate the at least one image with the specific area, and display the at least one image associated with the specific area in augmented reality on the display when receiving a third user input of the user corresponding to the specific area.

Abstract: A display module includes a plurality of light-emitting elements and a sealing element sealing the plurality of light-emitting elements. The sealing element includes a base part including a transparent material and a cover layer. The cover layer is in contact with a surface of the base part and includes a plurality of first patterns, each of which is engraved in an intaglio manner to a first depth, and a plurality of second patterns, each of which is engraved in an intaglio manner to a second depth different from the first depth.

Abstract: An augmented reality (AR) display device is described. The display device includes a projection source; a first optical path having a first beamsplitter and a first reflector; and a second optical path having a second beamsplitter and a second reflector. The first and second reflectors each include a reflective film. Virtual image light emitted from the projection source and carrying virtual image information first passes through the first optical path where it is reflected at least twice and transmitted at least once by the first beamsplitter and the first reflector, then enters the second optical path where it is transmitted at least once and reflected at least twice by the second beamsplitter and the second reflector, and enters a human eye. Scene light from a real scene enters the human eye through the second optical path. A wearable AR system can include the AR display device and the projection source.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display module that produces light having an image, a lens that directs the light to a waveguide, and a waveguide that directs the light to an eye box. The lens may produce a foveated image in the light by applying a non-uniform magnification to the image in the light. The non-uniform magnification may vary as a function of angle within a field of view of the lens. This may allow the foveated image to have higher resolution within the central region than in the peripheral region. Performing foveation using the lens maximizes the resolution of images at the eye box without increasing the size of the display module. Control circuitry on the device may apply a pre-distortion to the image that is an inverse of distortion introduced by the lens in producing the foveated image.

Abstract: A digital imaging system is provided with direct view of an object, having: an optical element configured to allow visible light to pass therethrough to a user's eye and to redirect light of non-visible wavelengths away from the user's eye; a display disposed between the user's eye and the object; a digital camera mounted outside a field of view of the user's eye and configured to obtaining imaging data from the light of non-visible wavelength; a redirection optic disposed so as to redirect the light of non-visible wavelength to the digital camera; and an image processor configured to process the imaging data from the digital camera and output the data to the display such that an image generated from the imaging data from the digital camera overlays an image produced by the impingement of visible light on the user's eye following the visible light's passing through the optical element.

Abstract: There is provided an optical device, including a light-transmitting substrate, having at least two parallel major surfaces, edges and an output aperture, an optical element for coupling light waves into the substrate to effect total internal reflection, at least one redirecting element positioned outside of the substrate, and at least one reflecting surface having at least one active side located between the two major surfaces of the light-transmitting substrate for coupling light waves out of the substrate, wherein light waves trapped inside the substrate are coupled out from the substrate through the output aperture substantially inclined in relation to the normal to the substrate major surfaces and are reflected from the redirecting element into a viewer's eye, and wherein the redirecting element is a single flat reflecting surface parallel to the major surfaces of the substrate.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the disclosure, an electronic device may comprise: a housing, a light output module comprising light output circuitry disposed in the housing and configured to output an image, a display member comprising a display including a first display member including a first color-changeable lens and a first waveguide disposed behind the first color-changeable lens configured to guide light generated from the light output module and a second display member including a second color-changeable lens and a second waveguide disposed behind the second color-changeable lens configured to guide the light generated from the light output module, a sensor module comprising at least one sensor including a first sensor module including a first sensor configured to detect a first illuminance of light passed through the first display member, a second sensor module including a second sensor configured to detect a second illuminance of light passed through the second display member, and a third sensor modu

Abstract: An optical measurement system includes a wearable device configured to be worn on a body of a user and a position alignment system. The wearable device includes a support assembly and a wearable assembly supported by the support assembly. The wearable assembly includes a plurality of light sources configured to emit a plurality of light pulses toward a target within the body of the user and a plurality of detectors each configured to receive a set of photons included in a light pulse included in the plurality of light pulses after the set of photons is scattered by the target. The position alignment system is configured to facilitate positioning of the wearable assembly at a same position on the body of the user during different use sessions of the wearable device.

Abstract: This disclosure provides various examples and methods of manufacturing metasurface couplers, including slanted grating metasurface couplers characterized by a plurality of parallel, elongated angled ridges. In some examples, a transmission-mode metasurface coupler with a slanted grating is used to couple optical radiation into a waveguide. In some examples, a reflection-mode metasurface coupler with a slanted grating and reflective layer is used to couple optical radiation into a waveguide.

Abstract: A method, medium and system for auto-aligning displays of a head/helmet mounted display. The method, medium and system may provide for an auto-alignment of components of a headband, headgear, or a helmet. The method, medium and system may provide for a first sensor mounted to the helmet of a user and configured to communicate and transfer align with a vehicle comprising an inertial navigation system (INS). The method, medium and system may provide for display comprising a second sensor configured to communicate with the first sensor and transfer align the second sensor with the first sensor based on the transfer alignment of the first sensor with the vehicle. The method, medium and system may provide for wherein the first sensor and the second sensor comprise an inertial measurement unit (IMU). Further, the method, medium and system may also provide for the aligning of two displays on the head/helmet relative to each other in real time.

Abstract: Optical systems for performing gaze tracking and imaging an external scene are disclosed. An example optical system may include light sources for emitting visible and non-visible light. The optical system may include a waveguide that is operatively coupled to the light sources. A volume holographic light coupling element may be disposed between the surfaces of the waveguide. The volume holographic light coupling element may include a grating medium and a first volume holographic grating structure within the grating medium. In some examples, the first volume holographic grating structure may be configured to reflect non-visible light of a first wavelength about a first reflective axis offset from a surface normal of the grating medium at a first incidence angle. The optical system may also include an optical filter. Another example optical system may include an imaging device that is configured to receive the light external to the optical system.

Abstract: A device includes a frame configured to be supported in front of a user eye. The frame has a first side facing the user eye and a second side opposite the first side and facing an environment. A light emitting diode is supported by the frame to emit light. The light emitting diode is obscured by an opaque material from an observer in front of the user in the environment. A light deflector is supported by the frame to direct the emitted light from the light emitting diode towards the user eye.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an apparatus device for projecting an image on the retina of an eye with a laser projection device, a device for determining the orientation of the eye, and with a tracking unit for tracking the laser beam of the laser projection device according to the determined orientation.

Abstract: Various implementations disclosed herein include devices, systems, and methods that enable improved display of virtual content in computer generated reality (CGR) environments. In some implementations, the CGR environment is provided at an electronic device based on a field of view (FOV) of the device and a position of virtual content within the FOV. A display characteristic of the virtual object is adjusted to minimize or negate any adverse effects of the virtual object or a portion of the virtual object falling outside of the FOV of the electronic device.

Abstract: A light source apparatus can avoid double-counting of particles in a flow cytometer for measuring and analyzing a plurality of particles flowing in a flow cell. A light source apparatus for a flow cytometer includes a semiconductor laser for emitting a laser beam, a collimating lens for collimating the laser beam emitted from the semiconductor laser in a spread light state, a first beam conversion unit composed of prisms and a second beam conversion unit composed of prisms for matching a flow cell length direction with a slow axis direction of the collimated laser beam in a flow cell after reducing the beam diameter in a fast axis direction and increasing the beam diameter in the slow axis direction, and a focusing lens for focusing the laser beam passed through these beam conversion units in the flow cell.

Abstract: An optical unit for guiding a plurality of light beams, includes a plurality of lens portions through which the plurality of light beams are transmitted. The plurality of lens portions are arranged in an arrangement direction that intersects an optical axis direction along which the light beams are transmitted. Each of the lens portions is inclined with respect to a thickness direction intersecting the optical axis direction and the arrangement direction. The optical unit has both end faces in the optical axis direction with a pitch at which the lens portions are arranged in one end face being smaller than a pitch at which the lens portions are arranged in another end face.

Abstract: A beam splitting and combining device includes a first prism, a second prism and a first optical film. The first prism includes a first surface, a second surface and a third surface. The second prism includes a fourth surface, a fifth surface and a sixth surface. The fifth surface and the second surface are attached to each other. The first optical film is formed between the second surface and the fifth surface by coating. A beam in a first range of wavelengths is configured to pass through the first surface, the second surface, the first optical film, the fifth surface and the sixth surface in order or in reverse order, or is configured to pass through the first surface and the third surface in order or in reverse order.

Abstract: A display device includes a light source, a spatial light modulator, and an optical assembly. The light source is configured to provide illumination light and the spatial light modulator positioned to receive the illumination light. The optical assembly includes an optical element and a curved reflector that is distinct and separate from the optical element. The curved reflector is disposed relative to the light source so that at least a portion of the illumination light is reflected by the curved reflector toward the optical element, is reflected by the optical element toward the curved reflector, and is transmitted through the curved reflector. A method performed by the display device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A synchronous, tunable multi-optical filter system including two or more tunable optical filters, a shared diffraction grating, and a shared rotatable optical component, for example, a reflection prism, a mirror, etc., is provided. The shared diffraction grating, disposed in optical paths of both the tunable optical filters, disperses each collimated beam received therefrom into constituent wavelengths. By rotating the shared rotatable optical component disposed at a distance from the shared diffraction grating, using a rotation mechanism, the shared rotatable optical component communicates output beams having target wavelengths selected from the constituent wavelengths, to output elements of the tunable optical filters operating in individually configurable communication modes, for example, transmission and reflection modes.

Abstract: A laser line generating assembly for projecting a low-speckle laser line is provided. The laser line generating includes a laser source, a beam divider and a sub-beam converter. The laser source generating a laser beam having a temporal coherence. The beam divider divides the laser beam into incoherent multiple sub-beams propagating in a same propagation plane. The sub-beam converter generates a plurality of laser light sheets, each laser light sheet being associated with a corresponding one of the sub-beams. Each laser light sheet extends within the propagation plane. The laser light sheets intersect a projection plane to define laser line elements overlapping at least partially to form said low-speckle laser line, the laser line elements having respective speckle patterns which are at least partially uncorrelated.

Abstract: A system for visualizing catheter irrigation, the system includes a fluid container, a pump, a schlieren imaging assembly and a processor. The fluid container is configured to: (i) contain a first fluid, which is at least partially transparent and has a first temperature, and (ii) receive into the first fluid a catheter having one or more irrigation holes. The pump is configured to inject, through the one or more irrigation holes, a second fluid, which is at least partially transparent and has a second different temperature. The schlieren imaging assembly is configured to acquire schlieren images of turbulence occurring in the first fluid when injecting the second fluid, and the processor is configured to visualize the irrigation using the schlieren images.

Abstract: A driving mechanism for an optical element is provided, including a support body, a movable portion, an elastic assembly, and a driving assembly. The movable portion is located in the support body. The movable portion is movable relative to the support body and is used to connect to an optical element. The elastic assembly is movably connected to the support body and the movable portion. The driving assembly is disposed on the support body and the movable portion, and is configured to drive the movable portion to move relative to the support body.

Abstract: An optical unit that corrects a shake of an optical module includes: a movable portion having a holder that holds the optical module; and a fixed portion that rotatably supports the movable portion. The movable portion is rotatable relative to the fixed portion in first-third rotation directions correspondingly centered on first-third axes which correspondingly extend in first-third directions. The first direction is parallel to an optical axis direction of the optical module in a state in which the movable portion is stationary. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other. The movable portion further includes a protrusion protruding toward the fixed portion from an end of the holder closer to the fixed portion in the optical axis direction. The fixed portion includes a support portion that rotatably supports the protrusion.

Abstract: Examples include a device including a fluid lens having a membrane, a substrate, and a fluid at least partially enclosed between the membrane and the substrate. One or more support structures may be configured to provide a guide path for an edge portion of the membrane, which may be an elastic membrane in tension. In some examples, a membrane includes a membrane polymer, such as a thermoplastic urethane polymer, and a polymer additive, such as an acrylate polymer. The polymer additive may reduce or substantially eliminate diffusion of the fluid into the membrane, which may increase the stability and performance of the fluid lens.

Abstract: Methods of filling an envelope (16) of a compression-type adjustable optical device (10), such as a liquid lens or mirror, which is formed in part by a distensible membrane (11) having an exterior optical surface, with a substantially incompressible fluid (15) to a predetermined optical power or radius of curvature; the methods comprising pumping fluid into the envelope (16) under vacuum through a fluid supply conduit (23) in fluid communication with an interior of the envelope (16) while allowing air to escape from the envelope through a fluid overflow conduit (26) in fluid communication with the interior of the envelope (16); continuing to pump fluid (15) into the envelope (16) to cause the membrane (11) to distend to an optical power of the optical device (10) that is greater than the predetermined optical power while allowing excess fluid (15) to escape from the envelope through the overflow device (26); slowing or stopping the supply of fluid to the envelope (16), thereby to allow the membrane (11) progr