Abstract: A flexible puncture needle device includes a puncture needle (10). The puncture needle (10) includes an outer tube (11) and a central tube (13). The outer tube (11) includes a puncture needle head (111) and a plurality of segments (112). The puncture needle head (111) includes a needle tip at front end and a pair of notches (1122) or a pair of protrusions (1121) at rear end, and a pair of protrusions (1121) and a pair of notches (1122) are formed at two ends of the segment (112), respectively. A pair of protrusions (1121) or a pair of notches (1122) at an end of the segment (112) are engaged with a pair of notches (1122) or a pair of protrusions (1121) at rear end of the puncture needle head (111) to form a needle head joint.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a handle assembly, a shaft assembly, an end effector, and an auto-tensioning feature. The handle assembly includes a body and a plunger. The shaft assembly includes an external sheath that is fixed to the handle body and an interior shaft that is coupled to the plunger. The interior shaft is slidable relative to the external sheath. The end effector is configured to encompass a bodily lumen and includes a flexible member extending distally from the interior shaft. A first coupling element is fixed to the distal tip of the flexible member. A second coupling element is fixed to the external sheath. The first and second coupling elements are magnetically attracted to each other and are biased toward each other such that the flexible member defines an adjustable loop. The auto-tensioning feature is configured to bias the plunger portion proximally relative to the handle body.

Abstract: An external bone fixation system may include a first semi-circular external fixation member, a second semi-circular external fixation member, four ball collet assemblies attached to the second external fixation member, and four shafts. Each shaft may include a first end attached to the first external fixation member and a second end with a stop member, and each of the four shafts extends slidably through an opening in a ball of one of the four ball collet assemblies. The stop member of each second end prevents each second end from passing through the opening in its respective ball. Each shaft also includes a hinge located closer to the first end than to the second end.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and component parts of a system for the external fixation of bones. The component parts include fixation plates such as a C-shaped Plate, an N-shaped Plate, a J-shaped Plate, a K-shaped Plate, an I-shaped Plate, a Foor Plate, a Z-shaped Plate and a T-shaped Plate. Two or more fixation plates are configured along an axis, the two or more fixation plates; a plurality of telescoping adjustable struts that connect a first fixation plate along the axis with a second fixation plate of the plurality of fixation plates along the axis, wherein the first and second fixation plates are adjacent plates along the axis; and a plurality of posts, each post connecting two adjacent fixation plates of the plurality of fixation plates along the axis.

Abstract: A pivotal bone anchor assembly includes a receiver having a channel configured to receive an elongate rod and communicating with a bottom opening through a central bore, with the central bore having a lower portion configured to receive the capture portion of a bone anchor with the bone anchor being pivotal with respect to the receiver in a non-locked configuration. The assembly further includes a compression insert that is also receivable within the central bore with an upper surface configured for engagement with the elongate rod, a central opening, and upward-facing surfaces on tool engagement structures positioned radially outward from the central opening. The tool engagement structures are configured for direct engagement by tooling to receive a continuously-applied downwardly directed force that temporarily locks the position of the bone anchor with respect to the receiver prior to the elongate rod being secured within the channel in a locked arrangement.

Abstract: A pedicle screw assembly including a pedicle screw, a tulip head, a set screw, and a washer; a packaging assembly for a pedicle screw; a pedicle screw screwdriver assembly; and a set packaging assembly are disclosed.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for securing a spinal rod are provided. A clamp assembly comprises a tulip comprising an opening comprising an inner surface, wherein the inner surface is threaded; and a threaded locking cap disposed in the opening, wherein threads of the locking cap and the inner surface include various geometries.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for securing a spinal rod are provided. A clamp assembly comprises a tulip comprising an opening comprising an inner surface, wherein the inner surface is threaded; and a threaded locking cap disposed in the opening, wherein threads of the locking cap and the inner surface include various geometries.

Abstract: An interspinous posterior device (IPD) is described. The IPD has a body and bone fixation elements on either side of the body, each of said bone fixation elements having a ratchet locking mechanism for fixing the body to successive spinous processes of a mammalian vertebra. Each of the bone fixation elements is independently adjustable by ratcheting it separately and independently of the other bone fixation elements. The body of the IPD has a dynamic configuration and a non-dynamic configuration, wherein the dynamic configuration allows for both extension and flexion of the successive spinous processes and the non-dynamic configuration prohibits extension of the successive spinous processes. The IPD also includes a removable extension restriction block, wherein the extension restriction block can optionally be inserted in the body to prohibit extension or can be removed from the body to allow extension.

Abstract: The present invention is a system or implant adapted for use in bone cavities. The current system is particularly useful in surgical procedures involving fractured bones.

Abstract: An orthopedic plate has a first end including a locking screw hole that receives a locking screw and spaced from that hole is a closed compression housing that extends from the bone-facing side of the plate and which receives a compression screw that forms an angle of from about 10° to about 70° with a longitudinal axis of the plate. The compression housing is not located on the medial line of the plate, but is peripheral to the medial line, either in the longitudinal or the medial direction of the plate.

Abstract: A kit including (1) a plate configured to be secured to a scapular spine with a first end of the plate near a trigonum and a second end of the plate near an acromion; (2) a first hook including a mount, a first hook portion extending from the mount in a first direction, a spacer extending from the first hook portion in a transverse direction, and a second hook portion extending from an opposite end of the spacer in the first direction, the first hook adapted to extend around a lateral end of the acromion when fixed to the second end of the plate; and (3) a second hook including a mount, a curved portion curving away from the mount, and a hook portion at an opposite end of the curved portion, the second hook adapted to extend around the trigonum when fixed to the first end of the plate.

Abstract: A bunion correction device is disclosed which secures a plate to a metatarsal head before an osteotomy is performed to allow for control of the metatarsal head during the bunion correction procedure. The device comprises a body component having two opposing portions positioned orthogonally to one another with a plurality of screw apertures positioned on both portions of the implant. Bone screws or fasteners are driven laterally through the apertures of the first portion into the metatarsal head, securing the first portion or base to the metatarsal head. An osteotomy is performed just proximal to the plate and the metatarsal head is translated to correct the bunion. Bone screws are then placed in the second portion apertures to fix the correction and provide compression of the osteotomy.

Abstract: A bone plate comprises a plate body and at least one tab. The plate body defines an inner body surface configured to face an underlying bone, an outer body surface opposite the inner body surface, and an outer side surface that extends between the inner body surface and the outer body surface. The outer side surface defines an outer perimeter of the plate body. The at least one tab includes a head and an arm that extends from the plate body to the head. The tab defines a tab aperture that extends through the head and is configured to receive a bone anchor. The bone anchor can be coupled with a screw hole in the nail. The arm is configured to deflect with respect to the plate body so as to move the head between a pre-fixation position and a fixation position spaced from the pre-fixation position.

Abstract: An example method is provided for maintaining stability to an injury defined by a separation of two bones (e.g., the tibia and fibula), the separation being an injured distance greater than a pre-injury distance between the two bones in a first human patient. The method may include delivering a first apparatus for approximation of the two bones in the first human patient comprising the injury, the first apparatus including a flexible segment disposed between a first anchor and a second anchor. The method may further include maintaining, by the first apparatus, a restored distance between the two bones in the first human patient after a repetitive dynamic loading, the restored distance approximately equal to the pre-injury distance.

Abstract: An inflatable bone tamp for performing a minimally invasive surgical procedure includes an outer shaft defining an internal lumen, an inflatable structure coupled to the outer shaft, and an inner shaft movably disposed within the internal lumen and coupled to a distal end region of the inflatable structure. The internal lumen is sized to receive the inflatable structure, such that by moving the inner shaft relative to the outer shaft, the inflatable structure can be retracted into the internal lumen (and likewise can be extended from within the internal lumen for deployment in bone). This retraction capability can beneficially protect the inflatable structure during positioning/removal, and can also enhance recovery from radial tears of the inflatable structure.

Abstract: Briefly, the invention relates to a surgical tool and method for forming a pilot bore by inserting a guide wire into bone. More particularly, the device includes a cannulated hand grip and driving tool used for the rotation of a pedicle screw into bone. The rear portion of the hand grip includes a slide assembly that is suited to grip a guide wire. The slide assembly includes a user adjustable stop to control the sliding movement of the guide wire. The rear surface of the slide assembly is constructed to be impacted with a hammer or similar device, whereby the stop prevents the guide wire from penetrating the bone further than desired. Should it be desired that the guide wire be retracted, a screw jack is included to allow the guide wire to be precisely retracted.

Abstract: A cryoprobe is disclosed comprising a probe shaft made of a low magnetic susceptibility material and an electrical resistance heater comprising counter-wound helical coils located within the probe shaft. The counter-wound helical coils are formed by a single wire counter-wound to form a first set of coils wound in a direction counter to a second set of coils, such that when current is supplied to the electrical resistance heater, a first magnetic field generated by the first set of coils is opposite to a second magnetic field generated by the second set of coils. The electrical resistance heater can heat, thaw, and/or cauterize tissue. The electrical resistance heater can be made of a low magnetic susceptibility material so as to resistively heat tissue concurrently during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A method of electrically heating a tissue in conjunction with MRI, and a method of imaging a cryoprobe using MRI is also disclosed.

Abstract: A cryoablation tool may include a catheter. The catheter may have a shaft having: a proximal end, a distal end, a shaft wall extending between the proximal end and the distal end, the shaft wall having an outer surface and an inner surface and a vacuum gap defined therebetween that forms a vacuum chamber, the inner surface of the shaft wall being gas permeable, a shaft lumen bounded by the inner surface of the shaft wall, the shaft lumen for carrying a cryogen gas, and the vacuum chamber having a proximal opening connectable to a vacuum source, the proximal opening establishing vacuum communication between the vacuum chamber and the vacuum source.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooling tissues which are treated with an energy-based device, such as a laser, is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a spray nozzle which generates an atomized liquid spray for the treatment area, wherein the atomized liquid spray is based on a mixture of liquid and gas. Further, the spray nozzle comprises at least one liquid outlet which ejects a liquid, and at least one gas outlet which ejects a gas stream. Besides, the apparatus for cooling comprises at least one delivery means for delivering pressurized gas to the spray nozzle; and a pumping means for the liquid, wherein the pumping means is configured to operate in pulses.

Abstract: A catheter system (100) for treating one or more treatment sites (106) within or adjacent to the heart valve (108) includes an energy source (124), a plurality of energy guides (122A), and a balloon assembly (104). The energy source (124) generates energy. The plurality of energy guides (122A) are configured to receive energy from the energy source (124). The balloon assembly (104) includes a plurality of balloons (104A) that are each positionable substantially adjacent to one or more treatment site(s) (106). Each of the plurality of balloons (104A) has a balloon wall (130) that defines a balloon interior (146). Each of the plurality of balloons (104A) is configured to retain a balloon fluid (132) within the balloon interior (146).

Abstract: A robotic surgical arm includes a puck containing motors to drive an end effector. A tool assembly attached to the puck generates ultrasonic and/or radio frequency energy to apply to tissue disposed between the jaws of the end effector. The tool assembly can include modular components such as a modular shaft that can include an ultrasonic transducer, nonvolatile memory, wireless interface, and/or a power source. The power source allows the modular shaft to communicate wirelessly with the robotic arm. The tool assembly can be moved from one robotic arm to another while remaining powered by the power source. The tool assembly can include sensors to determine a location or movement of the tool assembly after being detached from the robotic surgical arm. The modular shaft can be moved from a robotic arm to a handle manually controlled by a surgeon and back again to the robotic arm.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a shaft assembly and an electrode assembly at a distal end of the shaft assembly. The electrode assembly includes a first conductive segment extending along a first angular range at the distal end of the shaft assembly. The first conductive segment is operable to apply RF energy to tissue at a first polarity. The electrode assembly further includes a second conductive segment angularly spaced apart from the first conductive segment. The second conductive segment extends along a second angular range at the distal end of the shaft assembly. The second conductive segment is operable to apply RF energy to tissue at a second polarity such that the first and second conductive segments are operable to apply bipolar RF energy to tissue.

Abstract: A surgical instrument includes an end effector, a handle assembly, and a knife drive assembly. The end effector includes a first jaw, a second jaw, a knife, and an electrode assembly. The handle assembly includes a housing, and an arm. The arm may pivot the second jaw between the open position and the closed position. The knife drive assembly includes an input assembly, and output assembly coupled with the knife, and a compound pulley assembly. The compound pulley assembly includes a pair of pulley wheels each having an input track, an output track, an input cable, and an output cable. The input assembly can drive the input cable a first proximal distance in order to rotate the pair of pulley wheels in a first angular direction, thereby driving the output cable a first distal direction to actuate the knife from the pre-fired position toward the fired position.

Abstract: The disclosed invention provides a transseptal insertion device which is suitable for facilitating precise and safe transseptal puncture of a cardiac interatrial septum. The transseptal insertion device includes a sheath that defines at least one lumen therein, one or more positioning balloons that are connected to a distal end of the sheath, a puncture member movably positioned within the at least one lumen, and a puncture member balloon located on the puncture member. The positioning balloons are inflated and deflated through hypotubes, and the puncture member balloon is inflated and deflated through an additional tube. The transseptal insertion device includes a wire member movably positioned in a center lumen formed in the puncture member. The wire member may be Brockenbrough needle, a radiofrequency tip needle, a radiofrequency wire, a pigtail catheter that delivers fluid or pharmaceuticals in the left atrial appendage, or a transseptal wire.

Abstract: An electrosurgical device is provided. The device includes a cooled probe, an introducer, and a side port for the introduction of liquid into a lumen defined by an outer diameter of the probe and an inner diameter of the introducer when the probe is positioned inside the introducer such that a distal end of the probe can contact a target site (e.g., the site near/adjacent the tissue to be treated). The side port can be connected to a syringe/other liquid introduction apparatus via tubing so that a liquid (e.g., a therapeutic agent, saline, etc.) can be injected into the lumen and can exit the distal region of the introducer so that it is delivered to the target site. Additionally, the syringe can be removed so that the tubing can serve as a vent during treatment with the electrosurgical device.

Abstract: An electrosurgical wand is disclosed for treating a plurality of tissues at a variety of tissue locations. The electrosurgical wand includes a handle on a proximal end and an elongate shaft with a combination active electrode at the distal end. The combination active electrode includes with a blade and screen portion; the blade portion extending along and laterally from the wand longitudinal axis, forming a dissecting tip. The screen portion extends from the blade portion at an obtuse angle and has at least one aspiration aperture through it. The wand also includes a second and third electrode, proximally spaced from the combination active electrode. The second electrode spans a portion of an outside surface of the wand adjacent the blade portion, while the third electrode spans a portion of the outside surface of the wand opposite the second electrode.

Abstract: An arthroscopic system includes a hand piece with a motor drive. an elongate shaft assembly is detachably secured to a distal end of the hand piece, and the elongate shaft assembly includes an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve rotatably mounted in the outer sleeve. The inner sleeve couples to the motor drive when the elongate shaft assembly is attached to the hand piece, and an inner distal cutting window on the inner sleeve moves in and out of alignment with an outer distal cutting window on the outer sleeve as the motor drive rotates the inner sleeve.

Abstract: A tissue resection device comprises inner and outer coaxial sleeves. The outer sleeve has a cutting window formed therein, and the inner sleeve has a distal cutting end that can be reciprocated past the cutting window. The sleeves comprise electrodes to provide electrosurgical cutting, and an edge portion of the window includes a dielectric material.

Abstract: A single pass, large bore transseptal crossing catheter system is disclosed. An elongate, flexible tubular body has a proximal end, a distal end and an electrically conductive sidewall defining a central lumen. An insulation layer surrounds the sidewall and leaves exposed a first distal electrode tip. An inner conductive wire is provided, having a second distal electrode tip. The inner wire is axially movably extendable through the central lumen. A tubular insulation layer is provided in between the wire and the electrically conductive sidewall.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a catheter having a flexible outer sheath and a flexible irrigation tube. The flexible outer sheath defines a first lumen. The flexible irrigation tube is positioned inside the first lumen and includes an inner layer and an outer coating layer. The inner layer is formed of a synthetic polymer compound and has a uniform cross-section with a hollow interior defining a second lumen. The outer coating layer is disposed around the inner layer. The outer coating layer is formed of a polymeric compound and includes first and second isomers. The first isomer is configured to carry a positive electric charge and the second isomer is configured to carry a negative electric charge.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an ablation catheter that includes an irrigation conduit, a force sensor, an electrode tip assembly, a seal, and a temperature sensor. The irrigation conduit defines an irrigation lumen configured to carry irrigation fluid to a distal end of the ablation catheter. The force sensors include a deformable body coupled to the irrigation conduit adjacent a distal end thereof. The electrode tip assembly is coupled to the deformable body and extends distally therefrom, and defines an interior cavity in fluid communication with the irrigation lumen and an exterior cavity in which a distal portion of the deformable body is received. The seal is disposed between the electrode tip assembly and the deformable body, and inhibits fluid flow between the interior cavity and the exterior cavity. The temperature sensor is coupled to the electrode tip assembly and extends from the electrode tip assembly through the irrigation lumen.

Abstract: In an electrode assembly for a catheter system, a plurality of struts extends from a proximal end to a distal end of the electrode assembly. Each strut has a longitudinally extending proximal leg, a longitudinally extending distal leg, and a center segment extending between and interconnecting the proximal leg and the distal leg. Each strut includes at least one electrode thereon, as well as one or more hinged aspects.

Abstract: A system for ablating bodily tissue of a patient includes a high-voltage electrical generator configured to provide electrical pulses of at least 500 volts, a fluid having an electrical conductivity of not more than 0.01 Siemens per meter, and an ablation catheter that includes a catheter shaft, an expandable membrane attached to the catheter shaft, and a plurality of electrodes, each electrically coupled to the high-voltage electrical generator. The fluid inflates the expandable membrane when provided to the interior space of the expandable membrane.

Abstract: A thermal accelerant is delivered to a tissue site and localized to modulate the shape, extent or other characteristic of RF or microwave-induced hyperthermic tissue ablation. The accelerant may be provided via an image-guided hand piece or via a lumen added to a microwave antenna, and promotes faster heating, more complete ablation and/or a more extensive treatment region to reduce recurrence of treated cancers, overcoming natural limitations, variations in tissue response and drop-off or thermal loss away from the antenna. The accelerant is delivered as a viscous but heat sensitive fluid, and is fixed in place to provide regions of preferential absorption or heating. Shorter exposure times to heat the far field may allow survival of vulnerable tissue such as vessels, and multiple antennae may be used for effective treatment of irregular or large tumors.

Abstract: Methods and devices for an optical assembly for a laser generator comprise: a laser source producing a first beam of light and an optical assembly. The optical assembly comprises a prism. The prism has a bottom surface configured to receive a first beam at an incoming angle of incidence relative to a first surface normal, and a hypotenuse surface configured to transmit, at an exit angle relative to a second surface normal, a second beam having a second aspect ratio. The optical assembly further comprises a plano-convex lens configured to transmit the second beam to a coupler. The coupler comprises a first coupling plane at a first distance from the plano-convex lens and a second coupling plane at a second distance from the plano-convex lens. The combination of the prism and the plano-convex lens is configured to change the beam divergence, so that the first coupling plane has a third aspect ratio and the second coupling plane has a fourth aspect ratio.

Abstract: Systems and methods of in situ unclogging a working channel in a medical device during a procedure are disclosed. An exemplary unclogging system comprises a flow sensor to sense a flow rate through a working channel, and a control module to detect a channel state indicating a presence or absence of clogging based on the flow rate. In the presence of channel clogging, the control module can control one or more of an irrigation source or a suction source to provide respectively irrigation fluid or suction pressure to unclog the obstructed channel. The control module can adjust one or more of an irrigation flow rate or a suction flow rate through the working channel to maintain a desired pressure of the anatomical environment at the anatomical site, or to maintain a desired flow condition in the working channel, during the procedure.

Abstract: A method, a device, and a computer program product for determining a refractive error of an eye of a user are disclosed, as well as a method for producing a spectacle lens. The method for determining includes: displaying an image with a spatial modulation to the user; optionally, recording a reaction of the user to a variation of the spatial modulation over time; detecting a point in time at which a perception threshold of the user is reached; and determining the refractive error of the user from the spatial modulation, wherein the image contains a source image with several picture elements, wherein values for an image parameter are assigned to the picture elements, and wherein the spatial modulation is generated such that the values of the image parameter determine the values of a modulation parameter of the spatial modulation in the image.

Abstract: A multi-modal functional OCT imaging methodology and system are provided that enable concurrent intrinsic optical signal (IOS) imaging of stimulus-evoked neural activity and hemodynamic responses at capillary resolution. An OCT angiography (OCTA)-guided IOS analysis is used to separate neural-IOS and hemodynamic-IOS changes in the same retinal image sequence. The OCTA-guided IOS data processing used for this purpose differentiates two functional images, namely, a neural-IOS map and a hemodynamic-IOS map, from the same image dataset.

Abstract: An apparatus for screening, treatment, monitoring and/or assessment of visual impairments, comprising electronic means for simultaneously applying two separate and unrelated processing methods to images presented to a patient's eyes: a first processing method being applied to an non-amblyopic eye (the eye with the better vision), and a second processing method being applied to an amblyopic eye (the weaker eye, or the impaired eye). A method for screening, treatment, monitoring and/or assessment of visual impairments, comprising: a. defining a starting point, wherein differences between a patient's eyes are completely, or as closely as practically possible, corrected, to enable two identical or similar images to be transferred to the brain from the patient's eyes; b. defining an ending point, wherein there is no correction applied to any of the patient's eyes; c.

Abstract: A method and a device for examining the neurovascular coupling at the eye (A) of a patient, wherein an imaging method is used to record an image sequence of images of the fundus of the eye (A), preferably over a baseline phase (BP), a stimulation phase (SP) in which the fundus is stimulated with a flickering light, and a posterior phase (NP). Signals, in particular an averaged quotient signal (Q(t)) representing a vessel response of the vessels of the capillary vessel region to the stimulation, are derived from the image sequence for at least one capillary vessel region of the fundus. The absolute or percentage maximum change (Qmax) of the averaged quotient signal (Q(t)) is then used as an evaluation criterion for the neurovascular coupling.

Abstract: A system for visualization of eye anatomy includes at least one camera having a view vector along a first axis when in a first position, a housing to which the camera is coupled, wherein the housing engages the head of a patient such that the camera is positioned adjacent a patient's eye, and an actuator that moves the camera from the first position to a second position with a view vector along a second axis that is offset from the first axis. A method of visualization of eye anatomy includes engaging a patient's head with a housing, positioning at least one camera coupled to the housing adjacent an eye, wherein the camera has a view vector along a first axis when in a first position, and moving the camera to a second position with a view vector along a second axis offset from the first axis.

Abstract: A method, system, medium, and implementations for computer-aided preoperative surgical planning are described. Input data acquired with respect to a part of a patient is received by the system. The part corresponds to an organ, e.g., lung, of the patient to be operated on and includes one or more lesions to be removed during an operation. Then, an anatomic 3D model of the part of the patient is generated. Based on the generated anatomic 3D model, a preoperative plan for linear-cutting stapler resection of the one or more lesions from the organ to be carried out during the operation is obtained. The stapler cartridge size and the staple length are estimated based on the preoperative plan. Further, the resection based on the preoperative plan is visualized.

Abstract: An AR headset is described to co-localize an image data set with a body of a person. The image data set of a portion of the body may be identified. The image data set can include a virtual anatomical marker to identify an anatomical location. A spatial location may be identified using a physical pointer object in a field of view of the AR headset. A spatial location of a visible anatomical feature as identified using the physical pointer object may be recorded. The registration may be triggered based on an input that the physical pointer object is located at a visible anatomical feature of the body of the person. Further, the image data set may be aligned with the body of the person using the spatial location recorded for the visible anatomical feature as referenced to the virtual anatomical marker in the image data set.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and apparatus for the imaging of brain electrical activity from electromagnetic measurements, using deep learning neural networks where a simulation process is designed to model realistic brain activation and electromagnetic signals to train generalizable neural networks and a residual convolutional neural network and/or a recurrent neural network is trained using the simulated data, capable of estimating source distributions from electromagnetic measurements, and their temporal dynamics over time, for pathological signals in diseased brains, such as interictal activity and ictal signals, and physiological brain signals such as evoked brain responses and spontaneous brain activity.

Abstract: Embodiments include a system for determining cardiovascular information for a patient. The system may include at least one computer system configured to receive patient-specific data regarding a geometry of the patient's heart, and create a three-dimensional model representing at least a portion of the patient's heart based on the patient-specific data. The at least one computer system may be further configured to create a physics-based model relating to a blood flow characteristic of the patient's heart and determine a fractional flow reserve within the patient's heart based on the three-dimensional model and the physics-based model.

Abstract: A system and methods for labeling tractography, having a tract segmentation and a tract labeling atlas, in a presence of a lesion in a brain, involving: a graphical user interface (GUI) comprising a tool configured to facilitate adjusting a displacement for intraoperatively reperforming the tract segmentation in approximately real time, modeling deformation of the tract labeling atlas by facilitating modeling a force exerted by the lesion on the brain, and defining parameters of a size, a shape, and a level of the displacement condition; and a processor in communication with the GUI and configured to: determine whether an infiltration condition and a displacement condition appears in the tractography; if the infiltration condition and the displacement condition is determined to appear in the tractography, estimate the infiltration condition and the displacement condition; if the displacement condition is determined to appear in the tractography, instruct the GUI to render the tool and model the force exerted

Abstract: A number of low-profile metallic customized, patient-specific orthopaedic surgical instruments are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for providing surgical navigation includes tracking poses of a surgical tool as the surgical tool modifies a bone and performing a constructive solid geometry (CSG) operation using a model of the bone and an accumulation of the tracked poses of the surgical tool. An intersection of the accumulation of the tracked poses with the model of the bone corresponds to a modification of the bone by the surgical tool. The method also includes displaying an image based on a result of the CSG operation.

Abstract: A method and process for providing three dimensional (3-D) virtual image of a patient in metaverse for surgical or other procedures, wherein the avatar of a medical practitioner, imitating the actions of the practitioner performing the procedure, can visually identify the organs and the location of the instruments in real-time inside patient. Such an image reconstruction with spatial coordination provides a usable metaverse implementation with the medical professional's persona as avatar, usable as a training and supportive tool in medical applications. It is a very valuable, especially for the medical and surgical community. The implemented Metaverse provides all details collected and combined from the multiple imaging systems. It is usable as a diagnostic tool, a practice tool a teaching tool and real time direction and feedback tool by the medical community for procedures. The real-time image implemented as Metaverse provides critical visual capabilities during procedures.