Abstract: An inspection device for a display apparatus includes a support, a jig portion disposed on the support to enable seating of a display panel, an impact portion configured to apply an impact to the display panel, and a movement portion connecting the support and the impact portion to each other and configured to move the impact portion towards the jig portion. The jig portion includes a base plate, a plurality of support portions arranged on the base plate to be detachable from the base plate, and a cover plate arranged over the plurality of support portions and including a plurality of overlapping areas overlapping the plurality of support portions and an evaluation area arranged between the plurality of overlapping areas. An area where the impact portion applies the impact to the display panel overlaps the evaluation area.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and system for predicting pile tip resistance based on a damage constitutive model of mudstone and relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering. In view of the existing problem of difficult calculation of quantitative analysis on the bearing performance of a dynamic driven pile of a mudstone foundation and the damage characteristics of mudstone around the pile, a damage constitutive model of mudstone with a damage variable D determined based on a stress state and associated with a rock failure criterion is established; model parameters are determined based on results of a triaxial test; a relationship between a critical damage variable and a confining pressure is established; and the damage characteristics of the mudstone around the dynamic driven pile are analyzed, whereby pile tip resistance is calculated. The requirements of quantitative analysis on the damage characteristics of a pile tip are met.

Abstract: A system and method for determining a viscosity of a fluid medium containing a fluorescent species, including a light source exciting the fluorescent species at an excitation area of the fluid medium to produce a fluorescent signal and photobleaching the fluorescent species, and the fluorescent species diffusing in and out of the excitation area of the fluid medium at a rate determined by an excitation geometry of the light source, a diffusivity of the fluorescent species, and the viscosity of the fluid medium; and a detector detecting the fluorescent signal over time to generate a fluorescence decay curve of the fluorescent species in the fluid medium, where the viscosity of the fluid medium is determined based on a numerical comparison of the fluorescence decay curve of the fluorescent species in the fluid medium with a fluorescence decay curve of the fluorescent species in a reference medium of known viscosity.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention are a particle detection method, an electronic device, and a storage medium. The particle detection method includes obtaining a detection image; identifying an imaging of a particle in the detection image and obtaining a shadow region of the particle; determining a maximum influence degree of the particle based on an influence degree of each pixel point in the shadow region; and obtaining size information of the particle based on the maximum influence degree of the particle. The present disclosure can distinguish the particles of different sizes, thereby accurately calculating the size of the particle and improving the accuracy of the particle detection.

Abstract: A method and a system for identifying a glacial lake outburst debris flow (GLODF) are provided. The method is obtained based on considering induced influences of slopes of channels and particle sizes of source particles on the GLODF. The method not only compensates for deficiencies in identifying the GLODF, but also realizes determination of the GLODF, which provides data basis for disaster prevention and control layout such as monitoring and early warning on a glacial lake and assists preventing and managing disasters caused by the GLODF. Meanwhile, multiple parameters used in the method are easy and convenient to obtain, and the parameters can be directly used on site, which saves engineering cost, improves working efficiency, and has high practical and promotional value in environmental protection and disaster prevention and mitigation.

Abstract: The invention provides devices and methods for linked multimodal measurements of individual particles using a mass sensor and an additional sensor.

Abstract: A method of analyzing shaped particles using a flow cytometer or a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) includes flowing a population of shaped particles with at least some of the population of shaped particles having cells loaded therein through the flow cytometer or FACS and optically interrogating the shaped particles in the flow cytometer or FACS to measure scattered light for each shaped particle. A target shaped particle having a cell loaded therein is detected based at least in part on a measurement of forward scattered light, side scattered light, or back scattered light. The target shaped particle may also be identified with a measured fluorescence signal level. Sorting of target shaped particles may be optimized by adjusting one or more of a drop delay or a sorting mask configuration for the flow cytometer or FACS.

Abstract: Disclosed are devices, systems and methods for label-free, image-encoded, microfluidics-based cell sorting. In some aspects, an image-based particle sorting system includes an optical imaging system; a data processing system to process the image data obtained by the optical imaging device and determine one or more properties associated with the individual particles flowing in the carrier fluid and to produce a control command based on a comparison of the determined one or more properties with a sorting criteria; and a particle sorting system including a particle flow device that comprises a substrate including the particle-flow channel and a plurality of output channels branching from the particle-flow channel to receive, in one output channel of the plurality of output channels, sorted particles directed by an actuator device based on the control command.

Abstract: The invention relates to an assembly for a multispectral light emission, comprising at least one wide-band light source (1), a filter array (4) of multiple spectral filters, and an optical switch device (2) for controlling the passage of the light emitted from the light source (1) through the filter array (4). In one embodiment, the optical switch device (2) is made of an array of micromirrors (16) or micro-diaphragms and is designed and arranged such that the optical switch can guide light emitted from the light source (1) only through one or more arbitrarily specifiable spectral filters of the filter array (4) in a controlled manner. The invention also relates to a multispectral sensor comprising such an assembly for a multispectral light emission. The assembly allows a multispectral sensor to be provided inexpensively in a miniaturized design with a plurality of spectral channels.

Abstract: An optical device includes a first light source that emits first light, a second light source that emits second light, first and second polarizing beam splitters, a dichroic mirror, a quarter-wave plate that changes the polarization state of light that passes through, a hyperspectral camera, and a visible light camera. The first polarizing beam splitter, the quarter-wave plate, and the dichroic mirror are disposed in an optical path of the first light in stated order. The second polarizing beam splitter and the dichroic mirror are disposed in an optical path of the second light in stated order. The hyperspectral camera receives first specularly reflected light out of first reflected light. The visible light camera receives second diffused light out of second reflected light.

Abstract: An air quality measuring device, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, includes a top case, a bottom case provided below the top case, a circular light guide unit which is disposed between the top case and the bottom case. The air quality measuring device has an outer portion and an inner portion, and includes a coupling boss positioned around the outer portion so as to be coupled to the top case or the bottom case. The air quality measuring device also includes a light source unit positioned on the inner portion, where the light guide unit has a light exit surface formed on the outer portion and may include a rib which is positioned around the outer portion and protrudes from one surface thereof.

Abstract: A gas absorption spectroscopy device includes a laser light source, an acousto-optic modulator, a resonator, a signal detector, and a controller that measures a concentration of a target component in a gas provided in the resonator based on an attenuation time constant of a ring-down signal. The acousto-optic modulator is switchable between an ON state in which first order light is output to the resonator and an OFF state in which the first order light is not output to the resonator and the zeroth order light is output to outside. The gas absorption spectroscopy device further includes a timing detector that detects an intensity of the zeroth order light of the acousto-optic modulator. The controller determines the starting point of the ring-down signal based on an output signal of the timing detector.

Abstract: A system for identifying a biological sample in a sample holder. The system comprising a light source for emitting substantially monochrome light directed at the sample holder; a light sensor for detecting the amount of light reflected or transmitted by the biological sample and 5 configured to output measurements indicative of the amount of light detected; and a controller connected to the light sensor and configured to identify the biological sample based on the output measurements of the light sensor.

Abstract: A portable, rechargeable device for measuring concentrations of soil gases in situ through drill function. The device comprises a singular body enclosing a hardware interface connected to a processing unit, a gas sensor in a permeable chamber, a data module to interact with the sensor, a drill function, a display to report data collection results, a wireless communication module and GPS. A method for measuring soil gas comprising insertion of the portable device into soil through a drill function and diffusion of gases into a hollow cylindrical body through a gas-permeable fabric facilitating contact with the sensor by passive gas permeation. A system for connecting the device to a network to store the data in a database, for calibration and comparison of sensor data to existing data.

Abstract: The true impact of preharvest factors such as crop load, canopy position, cultivar and rootstock on peach internal quality can be determined using multivariate visible light radiation (Vis) and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) prediction models to non-destructively assess peach internal quality (dry matter content, DMC; soluble solids concentration, SSC) and maturity (index of absorbance difference, IAD). A novel crop load×fruit developmental stage protocol allowed accurate multivariate Vis-NIRS-based prediction models development for three major yellow fleshed peach typologies (fully red over-colored, early-ripening bi-colored and late-ripening bi-colored) to non-destructively assess peach internal quality (DMC and SSC) and maturity (IAD) with a single scan during fruit growth and development in the field. The impact of preharvest factors such as crop load and canopy position on peach quality and maturity can be evaluated across a variety of peach cultivars using this novel technology.

Abstract: An optical sensor that includes a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and an optical coupler. The PCF includes a hollow core with a first diameter (Dc), an inner cladding section, and an outer layer surrounding the inner cladding section. The inner cladding section includes a cladding material and a plurality of spaced apart circular-shaped channels disposed in the cladding material surrounding the hollow core. The cladding material includes at least one of glass, ceramic, and glass-ceramic. Each spaced apart circular-shaped channel has substantially the same size and an average diameter (d). A first end of the PCF is in optical communication with a light source and a second end of the PCF is in optical communication with the optical coupler.

Abstract: A method for three-dimensional (3D) image calibration for a spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system, the OCT system including a scanning arrangement for laterally scanning a sample light beam across a surface of a sample, an optical detection system for detecting light reflected back from the sample to obtain an optical image of the sample, and a reference light beam, the OCT system generating axially resolved optical information from the sample as the sample light beam is scanned laterally across the sample using optical path length differences (OPLD) between the reference light beam and the sample light beam, the method including: providing a calibration sample having a substrate having laterally arranged structural elements providing optical contrast, the structural elements having at least one of known dimensions or known position values on the substrate; scanning, using a first set of scanner parameters for the scanning arrangement, the sample light beam.

Abstract: Inspection of detecting a depression includes obliquely applying linear light extending in a width direction of an electrode plate onto a surface of a coating material, and moving the electrode plate in a longitudinal direction, acquiring specular reflection of the light by the coating material, dividing the acquired specular reflection in the width direction, and obtaining a representative value of lightnesses at multiple positions in the longitudinal direction for each of a plurality of regions in the width direction, obtaining a correction value with which the representative values of lightnesses are uniform among the regions in the width direction, for each of the regions, adding the correction value to the lightnesses of the specular reflection in each of the regions, and detecting a dark portion with a lightness lower than a predetermined threshold, in a lightness distribution of the specular reflection after addition of the correction values.

Abstract: In some aspects, the invention comprises a method for determining an amino acid sequence or fingerprint of a polypeptide. In some embodiments, the method comprises providing a solid state substrate comprising a cis side and a trans side, the substrate comprising a reaction well that defines a reaction volume and comprises (i) a proximal throughhole extending between the cis side and the trans side of the substrate, (ii) one or more side walls, and (iii) a distal opening. The solid state substrate further comprises an opaque metal layer that substantially blocks excitation light from penetrating into the reaction volume and from penetrating to the cis side of the substrate. Also provided is a carrier particle comprising a fluorescently labeled polypeptide strand that is attached to the carrier particle.

Abstract: A PCR detector is provided, and belongs to the technical field of PCR detection. The PCR detector includes an excitation light source module, a chip device and a detection part; a reaction bin is arranged in an emitting direction of excitation light of the excitation light source module, the detection part is arranged at one side of the reaction bin, and the emitting light formed after the excitation light illuminates the reaction bin can be detected by the detection part, wherein an emitting direction of the excitation light is located below the detection part, and the detection part is configured to detect emitting light emitted by the detected sample in a vertical direction due to the illumination of the excitation light; and the detection part includes a spectrograph, a wavelength scope of a spectrum detected by the spectrograph is 340-850 nm, and the spectrograph can detect the excitation light and the emitting light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system which enables to carry out cyanide determination in biological samples taken from the living beings who are exposed to cyanide gas and/or cyanide components especially released from the industry and/or house fires, and a method of obtaining gold nanoclusters used in the system.

Abstract: An optochemical sensor for measuring luminescing analytes in a measurement medium includes a sensor housing, a light source, a functional element, a photodetector and a control unit, wherein the sensor housing includes a window suitable for coming into contact with the measurement medium, wherein the light source is configured to emit a stimulation signal in such a way that the stimulation signal is partially emitted onto the functional element and the stimulation signal is partially emitted through the window into the measurement medium as to stimulate a first analyte present in the measurement medium, wherein the functional element includes a reference dye that includes an inorganic material and is suitable for emitting a first luminescence signal upon stimulation with the first stimulation signal.

Abstract: The present invention belongs to the field of organic small molecule fluorescent probes, and in particular to a preparation method and application of a viscosity fluorescent probe. A viscosity fluorescent probe TzAr-Nap-OH based on 1,3,5 triazine dye, which shows very strong sensitivity to viscosity, has little effect on fluorescence intensity over a wide pH range and good cytocompatibility, and responds well to viscosity. In cell imaging experiments, the fluorescent probe has low cytotoxicity and may accurately locate cells, may be applied to detect cell viscosity of complex organisms, and the synthesis steps of the probe are simple with a wide range of raw material sources, which provides an available tool for studying the important role that cell viscosity plays in complex physiological processes of organisms. Therefore, the cell viscosity fluorescent probe with high sensitivity and low interference and toxicity has broad application prospects in the field of biomolecular detection.

Abstract: Analyzing reflections and/or emissions of electromagnetic radiation to distinguish fertile plant specimens from sterile plant specimens. In an aspect, the presence of wavelengths associated with pollen in the electromagnetic radiation reflections and/or emissions indicates a plant specimen is fertile, and the absence of wavelengths associated with pollen in the reflections and/or emissions indicates a plant specimen is sterile. In other aspects, spectral signature differences in the reflections and/or emissions that are indicative of other properties besides pollen (e.g., petal color, etc.) are utilized to distinguish between fertile and sterile plant specimens.

Abstract: A gas detection system includes a first optical fiber bundle connected to a first multi-pass cell for connecting the first multi-pass cell to a Raman spectrum analyzer. A second optical fiber bundle is connected to the first multi-pass cell for connecting the first multi-pass cell to a second multi-pass cell. The second optical fiber bundle can include a delay coil configured to provide temporal spacing between spectral returns from the first multi-pass cell and from the second multi-pass cell. The first and second multi-pass cells can be biconic multipass cells with a the first optical fiber bundle directed toward a first D-mirror, which is directed toward a T-mirror, which is directed toward a second D-mirror, which is directed toward the second optical fiber bundle. The D-mirrors can be on an opposite end of the first multi-pass cell from the T-mirror and the first and second optical fiber bundles.

Abstract: A method for cell classification performs a compressive Raman measurement of a cell sample that involves frequency filtering the dispersed optical signal by a tunable optical filter whose frequency response is defined by weights that were derived from trained weights of a first hidden layer of a neural network trained on Raman spectra of cells and corresponding labels. The frequency filtered signals are detected by an optical detector to produce a compressive Raman measurement. Multiple compressive Raman measurements are then input to a prediction neural network to predict a label of the cell sample. The prediction neural network is the same as the trained neural network except without the input layer and the weights of the first hidden layer.

Abstract: A method and system are presented for use in measuring one or more characteristics of patterned structures. The method comprises: performing measurements on a patterned structure by illuminating the structure with exciting light to cause Raman scattering of one or more excited regions of the pattern structure, while applying a controlled change of at least temperature condition of the patterned structure, and detecting the Raman scattering, and generating corresponding measured data indicative of a temperature dependence of the detected Raman scattering; and analyzing the measured data and generating data indicative of spatial profile of one or more properties of the patterned structure.

Abstract: A substrate suitable for SERS, including a metal body and located on a surface of the metal body a layer of nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles have an average diameter or size of 10 nm to 100 nm, and wherein the metal body has a thickness of at least 30 ?m beneath the surface with the nanoparticles is disclosed.

Abstract: This disclosure describes various system and methods for monitoring photons emitted by a heat source of an additive manufacturing device. Sensor data recorded while monitoring the photons can be used to predict metallurgical, mechanical and geometrical properties of a part produced during an additive manufacturing operation. In some embodiments, a test pattern can be used to calibrate an additive manufacturing device.

Abstract: A white nanozymes test strip includes a substrate, an organic developer, and a manganese-based metal-organic framework nanozyme is provided, the manganese-based metal-organic framework nanozymes and the organic developer are fixed on the substrate. The present invention uses a white nanozymes test strip as described above, which is inexpensive, simple to prepare and high stability, can resist the interference of oxygen, and the test results are easier to observe, solving the problem that the color development results of colored nanomaterials are not easy to observe, thus improving the detection sensitivity.

Abstract: An inspection device 50 for a filter inspects the filter, which is provided to a flavor inhalation article. The filter is provided with a mouthpiece end, a solid material, and a communication path that communicates with the solid material and opens to the mouthpiece end. The inspection device is provided with: an illumination for irradiating an inspection light onto the mouthpiece end in an irradiation direction that extends along the axial direction X; a camera for photographing the peripheral surface of the filter in a photographing direction that extends along the radial direction Y of the filter; an image processing unit for processing an image photographed by the camera and detecting a shadow of the solid material; and, an assessment unit for assessing the presence or absence and the quality of the solid material 12 on the basis of the shadow detected by the image processing unit.

Abstract: A method for sorting and/or treating containers includes the steps of: recording at least one image and/or a video of a plurality of containers by an image recording device, which is configured for recording spatially resolved color images; analyzing the at least one recorded image; identifying the individual containers; assigning an identification information and at least one portion of the recorded image to each of the identified containers; and ascertaining a color information, which is characteristic of an identified container, from the portion of the recorded image.

Abstract: A sensor arrangement for arrangement on a measurement chamber, wherein the sensor arrangement comprises: a sensor; an intake opening; an outlet; and a fluid connection between the intake opening and the outlet.

Abstract: A light engine for detecting a defect is provided. The light engine comprises a waveguide. The waveguide comprises a first surface that is partially transmissive-reflective, and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The waveguide is configured to receive, on an input port, an input wavefront and provide waveguiding of the input wavefront by internal reflection between the first and second surfaces thereby replicating the input wavefront along a replication direction. The light engine further comprises a light detector positioned to measure an intensity of a residual portion of the holographic wavefront after waveguiding is provided by the waveguide.

Abstract: An inspection apparatus includes a light source unit, cameras, a keyboard, and a controller that determines a wavelength of the excitation light, based on the information on the emission color received by the keyboard, and that controls the light source unit so that the light source unit generates excitation light with the determined wavelength. The controller determines a wavelength longer than an absorption edge wavelength of the substrate of the sample and shorter than a peak wavelength of an emission spectrum of the light-emitting element, the peak wavelength being specified from the information on the emission color, to be the wavelength of the excitation light.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for sensing, detecting, characterizing, and imaging dielectric objects using microwave signals. An example of a method for obtaining an image with a dielectric tomography system includes positioning an object in at least a portion of an electromagnetic field of a characterized sensor including at least one transmit antenna configured to transmit a radio frequency signal within 10 MHz and 300 GHz, positioning one or more receive antennas configured to receive one or more radio frequency signals scattered by the object, determining permittivity information associated with the object based at least in part on phase and magnitude measurements of the one or more radio frequency signals received by the one or more receive antennas, and computing one or more images based on the permittivity information and calibration information associated with the characterized sensor.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a transmission device and a reception device generating a demodulating signal by receiving the transmission signal via the measuring object from the antenna, and performing a processing to the demodulating signal. The transmission device is configured to start modulation at a first phase. The reception device stores a first phase and a physical quantity corresponding to a phase change amount in advance, estimate modulating signal start timing at which the reception signal switches from a non-modulation period to a modulation period based on a waveform of the demodulating signal; calculate a second phase that is a phase at the modulation start timing, calculates a variation to the second phase based on the stored first phase; and determine a physical quantity corresponding to the variation based on the physical quantity corresponding to a stored phase change amount.

Abstract: A pipeline inspection apparatus for moving through an interior of a pipeline and inspecting a region surrounding the pipeline, comprising a neutron source and scintillator sensors housed within one or more sections and including a positioning system that cooperates to position the one or more sections within the pipeline.

Abstract: In one embodiment it is disclosed an x-ray inspection system including: a plurality of detector elements for detecting x-rays, the detector elements being positioned to detect x-rays from an inspection area; a control logic module, separate from the detector elements, the control logic module being configured to control operation of the detector elements and an x-ray source for the acquisition of x-ray inspection data, and to synchronise operation of the detector elements with operation of the x-ray source.

Abstract: Systems and methods for evaluating source rock include: a reactor vessel comprising a body with an internal cavity sized to receive a sample holder, a heating system, a radiation source and a detector bracketing the reactor vessel, wherein the radiation source, the detector, and the reactor vessel are rotatable relative to each other; and a processor in communication with the detector, the processor causing performance of operations comprising: obtaining a plurality of measurements of a source rock sample; generating a conceptual model of the source rock sample based on the plurality of measurements obtained; and determining one or more properties of the source rock sample based on the conceptual model.

Abstract: A radiation detector comprising a radiation sensor obtained by arranging first electrodes on a semiconductor substrate configured to convert incident radiation into charges, an integrated circuit, and an interposer is provided. The interposer comprises first terminals arranged on a first surface facing the sensor and connected to the first electrodes, and second terminals arranged on a second surface facing the integrated circuit and connected to the integrated circuit. Each of the first terminals is connected to one second terminal. The number of the second terminals is smaller than the first terminals. The substrate comprises a third surface on which the first electrodes are arranged and a fourth surface on which second electrodes are arranged. The detector further comprises a selector configured to select the second electrode from the second electrodes to supply a potential for converting the incident radiation into charges.

Abstract: An inspection system comprises: a radiation source; a detector configured to detect a signal when radiation emitted by the radiation source acts on the inspected object; and a processor in communication connection with the radiation source and configured to determine at least one periodic radiation combination corresponding to a type of the object according to the type of the object, select periodic radiation combinations respectively corresponding to at least two different portions of the object in the at least one periodic radiation combination, and cause the radiation source to emit radiation to the at least two corresponding different portions in selected periodic radiation combinations during the time that the object is scanned, wherein a periodic radiation combination is a chronological arrangement of at least one radiation pulse output by the radiation source in each scanning period. An inspection method is also provided.

Abstract: A method for detecting the maximum potential presence of a material in an object. The method includes obtaining raw x-ray image data comprising a plurality of pixels for the object from an X-ray scanning device, wherein each pixel of the plurality of pixels has associated therewith an attenuation value and an effective atomic number (Zeff) for the pixel. The method further includes converting, for each pixel having a Zeff value greater than a threshold effective atomic number (Zeff-threshold), the Zeff at the pixel to the Zeff-threshold while applying a correction factor to the attenuation value for the pixel to bring the attenuation value into correspondence with the conversion of the Zeff value for the pixel and determining a maximum potential amount of the material present at each pixel based on the corrected attenuation value at the pixel. This renders material more apparent in visual display.

Abstract: Methods and systems for performing measurements of stacked semiconductor structures, e.g., stacked memory and logic structures, based on X-Ray transmission scatterometry measurement data are described herein. In some examples, the scattering response of logic structures is modelled directly in signal space by a mathematical expression including a relatively small number of weighted basis functions. The scattering response of the logic structures and the scattering response of the memory structures determined by an electromagnetic response model are combined, e.g., by summation or convolution. The combined modelled signals are compared to the measured signals at the detector to generate an error signal. The error signal is employed to drive a regression analysis employed to optimize parameter values characterizing the memory structures, values of the weighting coefficients of the signal space model, or both. In other examples, the scattering response of the logic structures is known, and a model is not needed.

Abstract: A nitride semiconductor substrate that has a diameter of 2 inches or more and includes a main surface for which the closest low index crystal plane is a (0001) plane. The ratio of FWHM1{10-12} to FWHM2{10-12} is 80% or more.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an X-ray analysis apparatus and an X-ray analysis method for analysing a sample. The X-ray analysis method involves using a first slit between the sample and a position sensitive X-ray detector to analyse the sample, including calculating a detection angle based on a distance L1 between the first slit and the X-ray detector, and the position of the first detection element in the array of detection elements. The X-ray analysis apparatus comprises a processor that is configured to analyse data from an X-ray detector comprising an array of detection elements. The processor is configured to receive data comprising an X-ray intensity detected at the first detection element of the array of detection elements and calculate the detection angle based on the distance L1 between the first slit and the X-ray detector, and the position of the first detection element in the array of detection elements.

Abstract: An electron microscope serves for examining a specimen. An electron optical unit serves for passing an image of a specimen region of interest to a detection device. A removal device serves for removing material from the specimen, in the specimen region of interest, in preparation for imaging of the specimen region. A stop serves for separating the specimen region of interest from a specimen environment. The result is an electron microscope in which undesired effects of the removal device on the specimen to be examined are reduced.

Abstract: A data analysis device includes an input unit that receives a measured value of an optoelectronic signal from a photoelectron spectroscopic device measuring the optoelectronic signal generated from a sample by photoelectron spectroscopy and an analysis unit that analyzes the depth profile of the sample by minimizing a sum of square deviations between a theoretical value of the optoelectronic signal and the measured value of the optoelectronic signal using the theoretical value of the optoelectronic signal when the sample is modeled into a multilayer body including a plurality of layers. The analysis unit calculates a relative concentration so as to satisfy a maximum smoothness condition that the relative concentration of the chemical species of the sample smoothly changes in the plurality of layers of the multilayer body in minimizing the sum of square deviations.

Abstract: A method for monitoring and evaluating the photocatalytic activity of a photocatalytic substance is described. The method includes dispersing particles of the photocatalytic substance in a 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPOL) solution to form a photocatalytic suspension; introducing a gas composition to a reactor containing the photocatalytic suspension in the dark to form a purged photocatalytic suspension; illuminating the purged photocatalytic suspension with a light to initiate a photocatalytic reaction and generate a reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is detectable by an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer; introducing a portion of the purged photocatalytic suspension to the EPR cell in the cavity of the EPR spectrometer to generate an EPR signal and recirculating the portion of the purged photocatalytic suspension back to the reactor; reacting TEMPOL with the ROS to form a EPR silent compound; continuously recording the EPR signal.

Abstract: Provided is a sensor module that measures concentration of at least one type of gas contained in a gas mixture. The sensor module includes a microheater of thermal conduction type that generates heat according to supplied power, and a control apparatus that is able to communicate with the microheater, in which the control apparatus detects a first detection value corresponding to first temperature of the microheater at a time of supply of first power, detects a second detection value corresponding to second temperature of the microheater at a time of supply of second power higher than the first power, and calculates the concentration of the at least one type of gas contained in the gas mixture based on the first detection value, the second detection value, and thermal conductivity data related to thermal conductivity of each of a plurality of types of gases contained in the gas mixture.